Pulman Guidelines

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Pulman Guidelines PULMAN GUIDELINES 1 Indhold Introduktion Afsnit 1 – Socialpolitiske guidelines Social Inklusion Borgernes medvirken i nye former for offentlig ledelse Adgangsforhold og tjenester for fysisk og synshandicappede mennesker Folkebibliotekstjenester for børn og skoler Folkebibliotekstjenester til støtte for voksenundervisning Støtte til erhvervslivet og økonomien Adgang til forskelligartet kulturelt materiale Adgang til musik og elektroniske materialer Afsnit 2 – guidelines for ledelse Præstationsmål og evalueringsværktøjer Finansiering og økonomiske muligheder Samarbejde og partnerskaber Offentlighedens interesse for adgang til ophavsretsbeskyttet materiale Håndtering af juridiske emner på det tekniske område Afsnit 3 – Tekniske guidelines Digitalisering Udviklinger inden for bibliotekssystemer Levering af digitale multimedietjenester Leveringskanaler Ressourcebeskrivelse fremfinding og formidling Skræddersyede tjenester Tekniske løsninger på flersproglige problemer 2 INTRODUKTION Formålet med PULMAN guidelines Baggrunde for den sociale og økonomiske politisk e-Europa Social udstødning Digitale færdigheder Livslang læring e-læring Folkebiblioteker: ved den digitale skillevej Europas folkebiblioteker står netop nu overfor en række muligheder, frembragt af en blanding af: • sociale udfordringer, på den ene side repræsenteret ved et europæisk socialt program på et højt plan, • og på den anden side de muligheder, som udviklingen i informationssamfundets teknologier (IST) giver, hvilket i stigende grad er blevet anvendt til at implementere nye tjenester. Som følge heraf gennemgår folkebibliotekerne nu en hastig forandring, men der er behov for, at ændringerne sker endnu hurtigere. Efterspørgslen efter nogle af folkebibliotekernes kerneydelser, såsom udlån af litteratur til voksne, er i klar tilbagegang nogle steder i Europa. http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/publications/lfair_libraries.shtml Det skyldes sandsynligvis en række fænomener, der omfatter adgang til informationer på Internettet, et stadigt stigende udbud af kulturelle medier og indhold (digitalt TV, PC-baserede aktiviteter etc.) og en stigning i antallet af mennesker, der køber en stor del af de bøger, de læser, frem for at låne dem på biblioteket. Folkebiblioteker har imidlertid stadig en vigtig rolle i forhold til at sikre trykte informationer. Læsehjælp og fastholdelse af bevidsthed om den trykte litteratur forbliver et vigtigt mål, som styrken i IST og Internettet kan anvendes til at opnå. Dette er måske særligt vigtigt i forhold til børn, hvor mange konkurrerende stimuli er tilgængelige, men hvor rigdommen og omfanget af tilgængeligt materiale i trykt form endnu ikke er tilgængeligt online. I de europæiske lande, der stadig er i en økonomisk overgangsperiode, er det af yderste vigtighed, at folkebibliotekerne tilbyder adgang til læsning i den oprindelige form… men samtidig er der behov for at give adgang til Internettet og nettjenester. Folkebiblioteker i disse lande er derfor konfronteret med begge problemer på én gang men ofte med langt færre ressourcer til rådighed. Det er sandsynligt, at den øgede tilgængelighed til online informationstjenester og brug af Internettet til informationssøgning vil føre til et fald i antallet af besøgende til folkebibliotekerne. Men der er et enormt behov for brugervenlige nettjenester, der kan opfylde brugernes behov, og som er tilgængelige for alle. Folkebibliotekernes placering kan spille en vigtig rolle i udviklingen og tilvejebringelsen af sådanne tjenester. Nu om dage vokser mange børn i Europa op med en veludviklet og intuitiv viden om brugen af Internettet og IST. Men der er fortsat mange udstødte voksne og børn, der hverken har adgang eller færdigheder til at gøre brug af disse tjenester. Folkebibliotekerne skal sandsynligvis fokusere mere på behovene hos disse grupper. Rammen for samarbejde og partnerskab mellem folkebiblioteker og andre lokale kulturinstitutioner, såsom museer og arkiver, bliver også gradvist tydeligere. Der er et klart behov for at lukke op for, fremlægge og åbne adgang til lokale digitale genstande, der for nuværende opbevares af arkiver og museer, og som kan støtte følelsen af at høre til et sted i en stadig mere globaliseret verden. Samarbejde på tværs og uhindret adgang til disse materialer sammenholdt med den samfundsinformation, der allerede stilles til rådighed af folkebibliotekerne og gennem folkebibliotekernes rolle som centre for læring, kan på sigt vise sig yderligere frugtbart. Det er et mål at stille nettjenester til rådighed, der kan forbedre borgernes evne til at knytte opfyldelsen af nuværende behov sammen med en bevidsthed om 3 historisk baggrund, hvad enten det er i forbindelse med uddannelse, digital forvaltning, fritid, hjemmeliv eller arbejde. En sådan udvikling synes vigtig for udviklingen af et sundt og afbalanceret samfund overalt i Europa. Løsningen af disse emner vil i løbet af det næste årti uvægerligt rejse spørgsmål – spørgsmål, der ikke let lader sig besvare i dag – om karakteren og omfanget af folkebibliotekernes netværk, dets karakter af fysisk virksomhed, dets tilstedeværelse i det virtuelle miljø og hvilken slags personale og færdigheder, der er behov for med henblik på at udfylde denne voksende rolle. De 122 millioner registrerede brugere af folkebiblioteker i 29 europæiske lande (LibEcon) vidner om folkebibliotekernes vigtighed og indvirkning på samfundet. For at virkeliggøre deres fulde potentiale i den elektroniske tidsalder, må folkebibliotekerne være parate til at tilbyde nye og nyskabende digitale tjenester, der sætter borgerne i stand til at nå deres personlige mål i en verden i forandring, og til at bidrage til et sammenhængende samfund og en succesrig vidensbaseret økonomi i Europa. Formålet med PULMAN guidelines Disse guidelines har til formål at føre folkebibliotekerne og – forsøgsvis – deres kulturelle samarbejdspartnere ind i denne tidsalder. Disse organisationer får utvivlsomt brug for at rekonstruere deres tjenester og institutionelle udgangspunkt i det kommende årti. Retningslinierne har til formål at hjælpe såvel planlæggere som udøvere til at gennemtænke de politikker og strategier, deres tjenester har til formål at støtte, og hvordan de bedst opnår dette. De viser hvilken type tjenester, der kan overvejes, og identificerer de hovedemner, der nødvendigvis skal overvejes i forbindelse med tjenesternes udvikling og udbredelse. Endelig giver disse guidelines et stort antal eksempler på og links til allerede igangsatte initiativer i alle egne af Europa, der allerede udføres, og som kan hjælpe med til at illustrere, hvad der allerede gøres, og hvad der kan lade sig gøre. PULMAN Guidelines vil blive revurderet gennem den resterende periode af arbejdet i det Tematiske Netværk indtil april 2003. Der vil blive opfordret til kommentarer og betragtninger på en række måder, der inkluderer nationale workshops i hvert land og en Policy konference i Oeiras, Portugal i løbet af marts 2003. I mellemtiden er kommentarer fra folkebiblioteksmiljøet og fra offentligheden meget velkomne pr. e-mail. Baggrunde for den sociale og økonomiske politik e-Europa Ved Europarådets møde i Lissabon i 2000 satte Europas regeringsoverhoveder sig det mål at blive ”den mest konkurrencedygtige og dynamiske viden-drevne økonomi i verden”. Dette blev underbygget af en finansieret forpligtelse til social samhørighed mellem den halve milliard indbyggere i EU og de kandiderende medlemslande, både for landenes egen skyld og som en faktor for økonomisk konkurrencedygtighed. http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/news/2001/oct/i01_1395_da.html. e-Europa handlingsplanen, der blev opstillet som et middel til at opnå dette mål, foreslår en bred vifte af foranstaltninger til at nå tre overordnede mål: • et billigere, hurtigere, mere sikkert Internet • investering i mennesker og færdigheder • stimulere brugen af Internettet Blandt de større tiltag foreslået i handlingsplanen til fremme af arbejdet i en vidensbaseret økonomi – og med direkte relevans for folkebiblioteker – var opsætning af brugervenlige offentlige Internetadgange (Public Internet Access Points – PIAP) i offentlige rum og oprettelse af multimedie tele-centre i alle samfund med adgang til undervisning og e-arbejde. Arbejdet med handlingsplanen har siden identificeret folkebibliotekerne som de mest brugte eksisterende former for PIAP. 4 Siden marts 2000 er niveauet for Internet udbredelse i husstande i EU mere end fordoblet til 38%, gennemsnitsprisen for udenrigstelefonsamtaler er faldet markant, og over 90% af alle skoler i EU er nu online. Men der er stadig meget at udrette. Ved Europarådets møde i Barcelona d. 15.-16. marts 2002 genoptog regeringsoverhoveder fra 15 af EU's medlemslande det Europæiske Informationssamfundsprogram. En ny e-Europa handlingsplan 2005 vil blive præsenteret ved det næste møde i Det Europæiske Råd i Sevilla d. 21.-22. juni 2002. Handlingsplanen vil sigte på at opnå udbredt adgang til og brug af bredbåndsnetværk samt flere interaktive tjenester i hele EU. Den forventes at fokusere på emner som netværk og informationssikkerhed, digital forvaltning, e-Læring, e- Sundhed, e-Handel og e-Indhold. Udgangspunktet vil være at sætte brugeren i centrum. Hvilke roller kan folkebibliotekerne spille i et e-Europa, og hvordan rettes opmærksomheden mod de store sociale spørgsmål, som Europa står overfor i dag og i perioden frem til 2010? Social udstødning Der lever 60 millioner mennesker i EU i dag (18% af befolkningen), der er fattige eller med risiko for fattigdom. Den forholdsvise fattigdom varierer betydeligt fra
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