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Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok Essays in Church History in Hungary 2014/1-4

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Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok Essays in Church History in Hungary 2014/1-4 MAGYAR EGYHÁZTÖRTÉNETI VÁ ZLATOK essays in church history in hungary 2014/1–4 MAGYAR EGYHÁZTÖRTÉNETI ENCIKLOPÉDIA MUNKAKÖZÖSSÉG BUDAPEST, 2015 Kiadó — Publisher MAGYAR EGYHÁZTÖRTÉNETI ENCIKLOPÉDIA MUNKAKÖZÖSSÉG (METEM) Pannonhalma–Budapest METEM INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHURCH HISTORY IN HUNGARY Toronto, Canada HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA HUNGARICA ALAPÍTVÁNY HEH Szeged www.heh.hu Alapító † Horváth Tibor SJ Főszerkesztő — General Editor CSÓKA GÁSPÁR Szerkesztőbizottság – Board of Editors HUNGARY: Balogh Margit, Barna Gábor, Beke Margit, Csóka Gáspár, Érszegi Géza, Kiss Ulrich, Lakatos Andor, Mészáros István, Mózessy Gergely, Rosdy Pál, Sill Ferenc, Solymosi László, Szabó Ferenc, Török József, Várszegi Asztrik, Zombori István; AUSTRIA: Szabó Csaba; GERMANY: Adriányi Gábor, Tempfli Imre ITALY: Molnár Antal, Németh László Imre, Somorjai Ádám, Tóth Tamás; USA: Steven Béla Várdy Felelős szerkesztő – Editor ZOMBORI ISTVÁN Felelős kiadó – Publisher VÁRSZEGI ASZTRIK ISSN 0865–5227 Nyomdai előkészítés: SIGILLUM 2000 Bt. Szeged Nyomás és kötés: EFO Nyomda www.efonyomda.hu 3 Tartalom TANULMÁNYOK, STUDIES Miklós Péter Fejezetek a szőregi plébánia történetéből 5 Chapters from the history of the parish of Szőreg Székely Tibor A Magyar Katolikus Püspöki Kar papnevelési konfliktusai, állami beavatkozások és célkitűzések a forradalom bukása után (1957–1959) 21 Educational conflicts among the Hungarian Catholic Bishops; State Intentions and Interventions after the Fall of the Revolution (1957–1959) Tempfli Imre A katolikus egyház Romániában a kommunizmus ideje alatt (1945–1990) 60 Die Katholische Kirche in Rumänien in der Zeit des Kommunismus (1945–1990) Biserica Catolică în timpul communismului (1945–1990) The Catholic Church in Romania during the Communism (1945–1990) Marton József A gyulafehérvári papnevelde a kommunizmus idején 121 The Theology College in Gyulafehérvár during the Communism FORRÁSOK – SOURCES Várszegi Asztrik OSB 500 éves a Magyar Bencés Kongregáció (1514–2014) 133 500 Years of the Hungarian Benedictine Congregation A pannonhalmi főmonostor apátjai, főapátjai és kormányzói 140 Somorjai Ádám OSB Bencés szerzetesség 142 Benedictine Monachism Rimely Mihály pannonhalmi főapát az első pannonhalmi főapátról 145 Archabbot Mihály Rimely (1842-1865) on the first Archabbot of Pannonhalma (Hungary), Máté Tolnai (1500-1535) Hets Aurelián OSB naplója, 1939–1942 165 From the Diary of the Benedictine Father Aurelian Hets, OSB, Pannonhalma–São Paulo, Brasil, 1939–1942 Csíky Balázs Barátságtól az ellentétekig: Kelemen Krizosztom és Serédi Jusztinián kapcsolata 245 4 From Friendship to Controversies: Archabbot Chrysostom Kelemen Osb and Cardinal Primas Justinian Seredi OSB Nagy Töhötöm Az arcvonalon való átszökés naplója (1944. november–december) 252 Journal of Crossing the Front(November-December 1944) Somorjai Ádám, OSB Mindszenty József és a brit diplomácia jelentései, II. rész 298 József Mindszenty and the british Diplomacy, Part II, October- December 1945 Bálint László Lakos Endre atya ismeretlen írása 319 An Unknown Text by Pater Endre Lakos MÓszertan adattÁR, SZEMLE METHODOLOGY, data store, surveys Bohán Béla SJ Szerzetesek Szegeden (1920–1990) 325 Monks in Szeged (1920-1990) Fejérdy András Új perspektívák a vatikáni keleti politika kutatásában 353 Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice pápai kitüntetésben részesült Somorjai Ádám 358 Bodrits István Viczián János élete és munkái 1940–2013 359 Vincze Gábor Szatmár hűséges tudósa: dr. Bura László (1932–2014) 362 Egyháztörténeti KÖNYVEK ÉS KIADVÁNYOK BOOK REVIEW Fejérdy András: Magyarország és a II. Vatikáni Zsinat 1959–1965 (Ism. Somorjai Ádám OSB) 365 Fáy Zoltán: A Gyöngyösi Ferences Könyvtár. (Ism.: Bodrits István) 367 Örökség és küldetés. Bencések Magyarországon (Ism.: Kanász Viktor) 368 Bura László: Sakkfigurák. A Scheffler János – Bogdánffy Szilárd koncepciós kirakatper. (Ism.: Vincze Gábor) 370 Lakatos Adél (szerk.): Patachich Ádám Érsek 1784-es hagyatéki leltára. (Ism.: Vajda Tamás 377 Isten házában, közösségben. Bencés monostor ezer éve Bakonybélben (Ism.: Somorjai Ádám OSB) 379 Marco Lavopa: La diplomazia dei “piccoli passi”. L’Ostpolitik vaticana di Mons. Agostino Casaroli. (Ism.: Somorjai Ádám OSB) 380 Somorjai Ádám (szerk.): A bencés konföderáció 382 MAGYAR EGYHÁZTÖRTÉNETI VÁZLATOK ESSAYS IN CHURCH HISTORY IN HUNGARY 2014/1-4 MIKLÓS PÉTER FEJEzETEK A SzőREGI PLéBÁNIA TörtéNETéBőL BEVEZETÉS A dél-magyarországi, jelenleg Szeged városrészeként számon tartott Szőreg – mint arról régészeti leletek sora tanúskodik – régóta lakott hely. A magyar államiság és keresz- tény egyházszervezet kialakításával párhuzamosan a településen lelki és közigazgatási központ – monostor és hiteleshely – működött. A Szent Fülöp-monostor a tizenharmadik század végi kun háborúk során ugyan elenyészett, de a szőregi plébániatemplom egészen a török időkig – a tizenhatodik századig – fönnállt. A tizennyolcadik században Szőreg a Temesi Bánság része volt, s ortodox vallású szerbekkel népesítették be, majd 1746-ban önálló községgé nyilvánították. A falu copf klasszicista stílusú szerb temploma 1779 és 1785 között épült. A szőregi uradalmat 1783 márciusában (1781-től kezdődően) bérbe vette Szeged szabad királyi város, amely jogvi- szony egészen 1831-ig tartott. Szőreg 1778-tól 1918-ig Torontál vármegye törökkanizsai járásához tartozott. A szer- bek és magyarok közötti konfliktusok a faluban is jelentkeztek 1848/49-ben, amikor is a településen több jelentős hadi esemény történt. 1918 novemberétől 1921 augusztusáig szerb megszállás alatt állt a település. 1921-től Csanád–Arad–Torontál közigazgatásilag egyelőre egyesített vármegye egyik községe volt. Az 1920-as években a helyi szerb la- kosság jelentős része átköltözött a Szerb–Horvát–Szlovén Királyság területére (optált). Szőreg 1950-től az akkor új területtel megszervezett Csongrád megye községe, 1973-tól pedig Szeged város egyik városrésze. A szőregi templom történetét összefoglaló munkámhoz a legtöbb adatot a Szőreg és népe (1977) című tanulmánykötet mellett Péter László Az ezeréves Szőreg (2001), valamint Kisházi-Kovács László A városi kegyuraság Szegeden (a kezdetektől 1950-ig) (2006) című könyvében találtam. Tanulmányom elsődleges forrásai a Szeged-Csanádi Püspöki Levéltárban őrzött dokumentumok voltak. A levéltári anyaggyűjtésben pótol- hatatlan és önzetlen segítséget nyújtott Szaplonczay Miklósné levéltárvezető és Tóth Ta- más történeti kutató. Ezúton is köszönöm nekik! SZENT FÜLÖP ÉS SZENT Katalin oltalmában Szőregen a középkorban több jelentős egyházi intézmény működött. Egyrészt a ti- zenegyedik századtól volt a településen egy monostor, másrészt – az előbbi pusztulása után – Szőreg népét plébániatemplom is szolgálta. A szőregi monostor a katolikus bencés 6 Miklós Péter vagy a keleti ortodox bazilita közösségé lehetett. Karácsonyi Péter a Szőreg és népe című kötetben megjelent tanulmányában az utóbbi monasztikus rend mellett tette le a voksát. Mivel közvetett források nem szólnak erről, föltételezéseit közvetett bizonyítékokra ala- pozta.1 Az bizonyos, hogy Szőreg a középkorban közvetlenül a Maros mellett helyezkedett el. A monostor és a falu az egyik fontos dél-alföldi állomása volt az Erdélyből nyugatra és délnyugtra áramló sószállításnak. A település lakói pákászó és halászó életmódot foly- tattak. A szőregi monostor két apátjának nevét ismerjük: Jácint egy 1239-es oklevélben szerepel, míg Leontiust egy 1247-es dokumentum említi. A szőregi Szent Fülöp-monos- tor az 1233-as beregi egyezmény szövegében is előfordul: II. András király évente ezer kő sót rendelt ki számára. A szőregi plébános – Ágoston (Augustinus) – az 1333-as pápai tizedjegyzékben szerepelt, mindössze egy garast fizetett. Ebből arra következtethetünk, hogy a szőregi plébánia alacsony jövedelmű intézmény volt a tizennegyedik században. A monostor akkorra már nem működött, azt ugyanis a kunok kifosztották és lerombolták az 1280-as évek elején.2 A középkori szőregiek védőszentje tehát Szent Fülöp apostol volt, Jézus tizenkét ta- nítványának egyike. Márk, Máté és Lukács evangéliumában csak az apostolok fölsoro- lásakor szerepel a neve, János evangélista ír róla bővebben. Fülöp az utolsó vacsorán a következő kéréssel fordult mesteréhez: „Uram, mutasd meg nekünk az Atyát és az elég nekünk.” Jézus halála és föltámadása után a görögök körében térített. Frígia fővárosában, Hieropoliszban hunyt el 80 körül. Az ősi keresztény hagyomány szerint Szent Fülöpöt Krisztushite miatt feszítették ke- resztre nyolcvanhét éves korában, míg Alexandriai Szent Kelemen egyházatya úgy vélte, természetes halállal hunyt el idős korában. Mivel alakja nem a történelmi szerepe, hanem az apostolként betöltött funkciója miatt maradt fönn, keveset tudunk róla. Ami biztos: többek között a posztóföldolgozók és a kalapkészítők közösségének védőszentje. Fülöp Szent Jakab apostollal közös május elejei ünnepe a tavasz beköszöntének vi- dám napja is volt, ami sok helyen májusfa állításával ültek meg. A nagyszerű szegedi néprajztudósnál, Bálint Sándornál olvashatjuk, hogy a Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok megyei „Nagykörű jámbor öregasszonyai a század elején úgy beszélték, hogy a májfa azokra az időkre emlékeztet, amikor a hetvenkét tanítvány tanítani járt. Volt köztük egy szentéletű lány is, de mégsem hitték el róla, hogy ártatlan tőlük. Mint mondogatták az emberek: el- hiszik, ha a földbe szúrt száraz fa reggelre kizöldül. A fa azonban május hajnalára kihaj- tott.” A kiváló pap és folklorista Kálmány Lajos szőregi segédlelkész korában jegyezte föl, hogy a fülfájáson segít a Szent Fülöp és Jakab napján köpült vaj.3 Szőreg középkori
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