Energy, Innovation and Transport: the Electrification of Trams 1 in Spain, 1896-1935 Alberte Martínez University of A Coruña (Spain)
[email protected] To cite this article: Alberte Martínez (2012): Energy Innovation and Transport: The Electrification of Trams in Spain, 1896–1935, Journal of Urban Technology, 19:3, 3-24 To link to this article : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.642571 Abstract The electrification of trams has been one of the most significant changes in urban transport. It led to price reductions, increased speed, better regularity, comfort and convenience and the popularisation of this means of transport. Its introduction required a new business model, characterised by massive investment, modern management and the use of more sophisticated technology. The Spanish case shows a certain delay in this process along with the importance of the foreign capital (from Belgium and backed by German electro mechanic multinationals), the little intensity of the backward looking effects, because the technological dependency, and the conquest of mobility as the main forward looking effect. Keywords : electricity, urban transport, tramways The electrification of trams has been one of the most significant changes in urban transport. It led to price reductions, increased speed, better regularity, comfort and convenience and the popularisation of this means of transport. Its introduction required a new business model, characterised by massive investment, modern management and the use of more sophisticated technology. In peripheral countries (where these factors were not very abundant), electrification led to the entry of powerful foreign business groups. These were mostly Belgians, often backed by German electro mechanic multinationals, interested in new openings for their products.