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“PROBLEMS of GEOCOSMOS” Book of Abstracts St.Petersburg, Petrodv St.Petersburg State University 7th International Conference \PROBLEMS OF GEOCOSMOS" Book of Abstracts St.Petersburg, Petrodvorets 26{30 May, 2008 Supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Research St.Petersburg 2008 Programme Committee Prof. V.N. Troyan Chairman, vice-rector St.Petersburg University Prof. M. Hayakawa University of Electro-Com- munications, Tokyo, Japan Prof. B.M. Kashtan St.Petersburg University Prof. A.A. Kovtun St.Petersburg University Dr. S.S. Krylov St.Petersburg University Prof. I.N. Petrov St.Petersburg University Dr. D.I. Ponyavin St.Petersburg University Prof. V.S. Semenov St.Petersburg University Prof. V.A. Sergeev St.Petersburg University Dr. N.A. Smirnova St.Petersburg University Dr. N.A. Tsyganenko St.Petersburg University Dr. V.M. Uritsky University of Calgary, Canada Prof. T.B. Yanovskaya St.Petersburg University Organizing Committee N.Yu. Bobrov S.V. Dubyagin S.A. Dyadechkin V.V. Karpinsky M.V. Kholeva M.V. Kubyshkina E.L. Lyskova N.P. Legenkova E.S. Sergienko R.V. Smirnova Contents Plenary Talks . 3 Section C. Conductivity of the Earth . 7 Section M. Solar-Terrestrial Physics . 31 Section NLM. NonLinear geophysical Methods . 161 Section P. Paleomagnetic reconstructions, paleointensity and rock magnetism as physical basis of paleomag- netism . 176 Section S. Seismology . 219 Section SEMP. Seismic-ElectroMagnetic Phenomena. 256 Author index . 295 1 Dear colleagues! This year the Conference proceedings will be issued on CD. The minimal requirements for the papers are the following: (1) your paper should contain a new result; (2) your paper should be written in understandable English; (3) your paper size shouldn't exceed ¯ve pages. Color illustrations may be used. The papers for the proceedings in PDF format should be sent to the Organizing committee by e-mail before October, 01. The details will appear later in a special announcement and on the conference web page http://geo.phys.spbu.ru/geocosmos/ 2 Plenary Talks Seismo Electromagnetics: History and latest results Hayakawa, M. (Research Station on Seismo Electromagnetics and Department of Electronic Engineering, The University of Electro- Communications, Chofu Tokyo, Japan) A review of recent activity on seismo-electromagnetic research in Japan is presented. The following 4 topics of our research are outlined and their most important ¯ndings are introduced. 1. Seismogenic ULF emissions (Lithospheric e®ect) The observation of seismogenic ULF emissions has been continued for the last several years at the network of stations in the Tokyo area. The spacing between the stations is of the order of 70{80 km to respond to any big earthquakes in the Tokyo area. The highlight from this Tokyo ULF network was the event of Izu islands earthquake swarm in July, 2007. We have found a signi¯cant ULF signature of this earthquake swarm by using di®erent kinds of signal processing: principal component analysis, direction ¯nding, fractal analysis. The results obtained are expected to be included in the improvement of the generation mechanism previously proposed by Molchanov and Hayakawa (1995). 2. Seismo-atmospheric e®ect (Observation of over-horizon VHF sig- nals) Here we consider two phenomena: Atmospheric perturbation, and Atmospheric radiation. We established a VHF network in Japan, covering from Sendai (Tohoku region) down to Kagoshima, and we are ready to look for any earthquakes near the coast of Paci¯c Ocean (Nankai, Tohnankai, Takai earthquakes) (Hayakawa et al., 2005). It is found that the reception of over-horizon VHF signals (FM trans- mitters) is due to the atmospheric perturbation caused by the earth- quake (de¯nitely not ionospheric perturbations). We have proposed a generation mechanism of such atmospheric perturbations based on the changes in geochemical quantities associated with earthquakes. The observation of lithospheric VHF electromagnetic noise (radia- tion) was carried out in the Sendai area. The VHF radio noise data observed at several stations have been analyzed on the basis of SOC 3 (Self-organized criticality) concept by using di®erent kinds of frac- tal analysis (spectrum slope, Detrended fluctuation analysis, Wavelet based analysis etc.) for a particular large earthquake in August, 2005 (Miyagi-ken oki earthquake) 3. Seismo-ionospheric perturbations In the framework of this topic the Anomalous Schumann resonance phenomena and the VLF subionospheric observation of seismo-iono- spheric perturbations are considered. We have found the anoma- lous Schumann resonance phenomena observed in Japan, which are thought to be associated with the earthquakes in Taiwan. Hayakawa et al. (2005) have found the 1st event for the Chi-chi earthquake in Taiwan (M = 7.6) on September 21, 1999. The anomaly in Schu- mann resonance in Japan, was characterized by (1) an enhancement in the fourth harmonic and (2) the frequency of this 4th harmonic is signi¯cantly shifted from the conventional value by about »1.0 Hz. This anomaly is interpreted as interference between the direct signal from South America and the wave scattered from the ionosphere over Taiwan associated with this earthquake. The routine observation of VLF/LF transmitter signals has been continued in Japan by means of our VLF/LF network. The observing stations are (1) Moshiri (Hokkaido), (2) Chofu, (3) Chiba, Tateyama, (4)Shimizu, (5) Kasugai (Nagoya), (6) Maizuru (Kyoto), Kochi. At each station, we observe simultaneously several VLF/LF transmitters; (1) JJY (Fukushima, 40 Hz), (2) JJI (Kyushu, Ebino), (3) NWC (Australia), (4) NPM (Hawai), and (5) NLK (USA). The data have been accumulated in Chofu nearly for about ten years. The statistical correlation be- tween the ionospheric perturbations and earthquakes has been anal- ysed. This study has yielded a signi¯cant correlation between the LF characteristics (amplitude and fluctuation) and earthquakes with magnitude greater the 6.0. The case studies on seismo-ionospheric perturbations have been done for the Niigata earthquake, and for the Indonesia, Sumatra earthquake. Here we show the summary of our study on ionospheric perturbations associated with the Sumatra earthquake on 26 December, 2004. By using the cross-correlation and superimposed epoch analyses, we came to the following ¯ndings. (1) The fluctuation spectrum in the period range from 20-30 minutes to 100 minutes (the frequency of atmospheric gravity waves) is enhanced before the earthquakes. (2) The time delay at Chiba is about 2 hours with respect to Kochi, and so the propagation velocity is »20 m/s. 4 4. Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling We have already proposed a few possible mechanisms; (1) chemi- cal channel, (2) acoustic channel and (3) electromagnetic channel. We have found that the channel (3) seems improbable due to the emission intensity from the lithosphere, which is too weak to in- duce any ionospheric e®ects. So, both channels (2) and (3) are likely to be in operation. Our previous section has indicated an example of atmospheric gravity waves playing a key role in the lithosphere- atmosphere-ionosphere coupling. However, the channel (1) is also worth examing extensively (Molchanov and Hayakawa, 2007). Global simulations: What do they tell about the large-scale magnetospheric dynamics? Pulkkinen, T.I. (Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland) Global magnetohydrodynamic simulations have been developed to provide a comprehensive numerical representation of the large-scale processes that govern the solar wind { magnetosphere coupling. We have developed quantitative methods to evaluate the energy transport across the shock to the magnetosheath and into the magnetosphere. Furthermore, series of simulation runs have been conducted to ex- amine the e®ects of individual parameters to identify the most im- portant factors controlling the energy transport from the solar wind into the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Analysis of these results have brought new aspects that complement the earlier observational results: (1) The energy input through the magnetopause is delayed with respect to changes in the IMF orientation, which is seen as a delayed response in both tail dynamics and ionospheric energy dissi- pation. (2) The solar wind clock angle modulates the energy input, but the solar wind speed has a larger e®ect than that suggested by the empirical epsilon-parameter. (3) The solar wind density has a minor role in ionospheric parameters, but does a®ect the magneto- tail dynamics and transport properties. We review several simulation results and compare them with recent observational analyses. 5 Modeling the geomagnetosphere using spacecraft data: chal- lenges of space and time Tsyganenko, N.A. (Institute of Physics, University of St.Petersburg, Russia); Sitnov, M.I. (Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA) In this talk, a review will be made of most recent advancements in the modeling of the Earth's distant magnetic ¯eld, based on large sets of spacecraft data taken over the vast range of distances and supported by concurrent upstream observations in the incoming solar wind. Two greatest challenges in this area are the complexity of the spatial structure of the magnetic ¯eld sources and their essentially dynamical nature, as a result of the highly variable solar wind driving, combined with largely di®erent timescales of the response of major magnetospheric current systems to the external input. Large sets of in situ data that became available in the last decade provided new opportunities to meet the above challenges. A new ap- proach was
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