DOCSLIB.ORG

Of Fish and Wildlife

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Alasha Habitat Management Guide Life Histories and Habitat Requirements of Fish and Wildlife Produced b'y State of Alasha Department of Fish and Game Division of Habitat Iuneau, Alasha 1986 @ Tgge BY TTIE AI.ASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AI{D GA}IE Contents Achnowtedgemena v i i Introduction 3 0verview of Habitat l{anagement Guides Project 3 Background 3 Purpose 3 Appl ications 4 Statewide volumes 6 Regional volumes 9 0rganization and Use of this Volume 10 Background 10 Organization 10 Species selection criteria 10 Regional Overview Surmaries 11 Southwest Region 11 Southcentral Region 13 Arctic Region 15 hlestern and Interior regions L7 ,lf{atnmals Mari ne Manmal s --BEfiEti-Thale zr Bowhead whale 39 Harbor seal 55 Northern fur seal 63 Pacific walrus 7L Polar bear 89 Ringed seal 107 Sea otter 119 Steller sea lion 131 ffiTerrestrial Mamrnals Brown bear 149 Caribou 165 Dall sheep 175 El k 187 Moose 193 Si tka bl ack-tai'led deer 209 1,1,L Contents (continued) Birds Bald Eagle 229 Dabbl ing ducks 241 Diving ducks 255 Geese 27L Seabirds 29L Trumpeter swan 301 Tundra swan 309 Fish Freshwater/Anadromous Fi sh en 3L7 Arctic aray'ling 339 Broad whitefish 361 Burbot 377 Humpback whitefish 389 Lake trout 399 Least cisco 413 Northern pike 425 Rainbow trout/steelhead 439 Sa I mon Chum 457 Chinook 481 Coho 501 Pink 519 Sockeye 537 Sheefish 555 l.lari ne Fi sh cod 57L --ffiiTCapel in 581 Pacific cod 591 Pacific hal ibut 599 Pacific herring 607 Pacific ocean perch 62L Sablefish 629 Saffron cod 637 Starry flounder 649 t{al leye pol lock 657 Yelloweye rockfish 667 Yel lowfin sole 673 Contents (continued) Shel I fi sh crab 683 King crab 691 -ungenessRazor clam 709 Shrimp 7L5 Tanner crab 727 Appendi ces A. Alaska Native Language Names of Selected Fish and l.lildlife 743 B. Directory of Reviewers and Contributors 745 C. Abbreviations 751 D. t|ildlife Management Goals and Objectives 753 E. Sea Ice 759 tllaps 1. The six regions of the Alaska Habitat Management Guides 5 Life Histories and Habitat Requirements ap of the species' range (map I of each narrative). Pacific walrus 1. Range of Pacific walrus 7L 2. Estimated location of Pacific walrus mating herds, January- March 78 3. Estimated maximal extent of calving areas of the Pacific walrus population in mid April and mid June 80 Dabbl ing ducks 1. Range of dabbling ducks 24L 2. Major coastal marshes of upper Cook Inlet 245 Figures I ntroducti on of narratives and maps produced by the AHMG project T -i:-Ty-pes Ilables Be'lukha whal e contents of belukha whales collected in Eschscho'ltz Bay 27 -Tl-stomach2. Stomach contents of belukha whales collected at Point Hope 28 Bowhead whale items from bowhead whale stomach samples collected at Kaktovik, Barter Island, Alaska, Sept.-0ct. L979 43 -TlTood2. Quantitative composition of stomach contents from bowhead whales collected at Kaktovik, autumn 1979 45 Brown bear Li tter size for brown bears as determined in various studies in North Ameri ca I57 -T.Sitka black-tailed deer @usedbySitkablack-taileddeerintheKodiakand Prince l,iilliam Sound areas 2L2 Dabbl ing ducks 1. Diet compos'ition of 62 dabbling ducks on the west Copper River delta, Sept.-Oct. 1981 249 2. Breeding biology of dabbling ducks 25L Div'inq ducks I. Plant and animal species utilized by diving ducks 260 2. Reproductive characteristics of diving ducks 262 Geese 1. Preferred foods and breeding habitat of geese in the Southcentral Region 275 2. Preferred foods and breeding habitat of geese in the Southwest, Western, and Interior regions 276 3. Nesting, rearing, and molting biology of geese in the Southcentral Region 278 4 . Nest'ing , reari ng, and mo'l ti ng bi ol ogy of geese - Southwest, Western, and Interior regions 279 5. Preferred foods and breeding habitat of geese in the Arctic Region 285 Seabi rds Seabird I ife histories 294 Northern pi ke -T. food species used by adult northern pike in Alaska 430 Chum salmon -T. chum salmon passage criteria thresholds, for reaches up to 200 ft long withjn sloughs and side channe'l hab'itats in the middle -T.T'Aultportion of the Susitna River, Alaska 465 Shrimp ------T. General characteristjcs of the five important species of Alaska shrimp 7LB 1ra Achnwledgements This project is under the direction of the Corrn'issioner of the Department of Fish and Game, Don. t.l. Collinsworth, the Director of the Division of Habitat, Norman A. Cohen, and the Deputy Director, Bruce H. Baker. Many individua'ls have been involved in the production of this volume of the Habitat Management Guide. All narratives were reviewed first by project staff and distributed for both technica'l and departmental reviews. The names of reviewers and other contributors are compiled in appendix A. The following lists the production team and the portion of this Life History and Habitat Requirements volume for which authors are responsible. Marianne G. See, Coordinator Bob Durr, Editor Lana C. Shea, Team Leader, t,lild1ife Group Leader C. Wayne Dolezai, Fisheries Group Leader Authors: t.li ldl ife Steve Albert, Habitat Biologist: caribou (with M. McDonald); beaver; Sitka black-tailed deer (with M. McDonald and M. Sigman). Sue Hills' Habitat Bio]ogist: belukha whale (with R. Shideler and J. l.lestlund); bowhead whale (with J. westlund); pacific walrus (with D. Shideler); polar bear. Michael McDonald, Game Biologist: caribou (with s. Albert); moose (wjth F. Nelson); brown bear; ringel sea'l; elk; harbor sea'l ; Sit(a black-tiiled deer (with S. Albert and M. Sigman). Robin Mooring, Habitat Biologist: dabb'ling ducks (with J. Westlund and f. Ne1sgn)i diving ducks. (with J. westlund and F. Ne'lson); geese (with J. Westlund and F. Nelson); tundra swan; trumpeter swan (with F. Nelson). Frances, Nelson, Game Biol.ogist: dabbling ducks (with R. Mooring and J. Westlund); diving ducks (with R. Mooring lnd J. Westlund); geese (witfr n. Mooring and J. westlund); moose (with M. McDonald); Bald rag'le; seabirds (with J. |rJest'lund); sea otter (with J. westlund)'; trumpetei jwan (with R. Mooring). Richard Shideler, Habitat Biologist: belukha whale (w'ith S. Hills and J. westlund); northern fur seal; Pacific walrus (with s. itills). Marilyn J. Sigman, Habitat Biologist: Sitka black-tailed deer (with S. Albert and M. McDonald). uii John H. West'lund, Game Bi ol ogi st: bel ukha whal e (wi th S. Hills and R. Shideler); bowhead whale (with S. Hills); Dall sheep; dabbl ing ducks (with F. Nelson and R. Mooring);'and diving ducks (with F. Nelson and R. Moori ng ) ; geese (wi th F. Nel sori R. M-oori ng ) ; iea l i on ; seabirds (with F. Nelson); sea otter (with F. Nelson). Authors: Fi sh Durand R. Cook, Habitat Biologist: broad whitefish. C. Wayne Dolezal, Habitat Biologist: chinook, coho, sockeye, chum, and pink salmon. Katherine A. Rowel I , Fisheries Biologist: Pacific herring; king crab; Tanner crab; Dungeness crab; shrimp. Melinda L. Rowse, Fisheries Biologist: least cisco; saffron cod. Sandra K. Sonnichsen, Fisheries Biologist: rainbow trout/steelhead; arctic char/Dolly Varden; arctic gray'ling; lake trout; sheefish; Pacific halibut (with K. Thornburgh); Pacific cod; Pacific ocean perch;, sab'lefish; walleye pollock; yellowfin so'let razor clam; yelloweye rockfish. Kathleen R. Thornburgh, Habitat Biologist: arctic cod; burbot; capelin; northern pike; humpback whitefish; starry flounder; Pacific halibut (with S. Sonnichsen). Support Staff Lauren Barker, Librarian Diane Borgirno Palmer, Clerk/Typist Patricia Bowden, Clerk/Typist Linda Carlton, Clerk/Typist Susan H. Gra'inger, Clerk/Typi st Juanita R. Henderson, Clerk/Typist Clare A. Johnson, Clerk/Typist Ethel Lewis, Clerk/Typist Marty McGregor, Clerk/Typist Laura Nowell, Clerk/Typist Cheryl Pretzel, Clerk/Typist Gay Pulley, Graphic Artist Diane Rasmussen, Clerk/Typist The process of deve'loping the initial. plan and procedures for this project involved a number of individuals who are not otherwise listed as authors and contributors. These include many staff within the Division of Habitat, as wel I as planners and research and management coordinators of other divis'ions. This group also includes all project team members and all ADF&G regional supervisors. Special mention should be made of the support from 114 4 4 Alvin Ott, Lance Trasky, and Carl Yanagawa, Regional Supervisors of the Division of Habitat for the Arctic and Interior, Southwest'and Western, and Southcentral regions, respectively, and of the contributions of Rai Behnert, who was the original coordinator of this project. We would a1so like to acknowledge the many contributions of John A. Clark, who was Director of the Division of Habitat until his death in 1985. Introduction Overvierv of Habitat Management Guides project Background Alaska is an immense and bountiful frontier, and until just recently it was all but inconceivable that we would ever need to worry about its capacity to sustain the wealth of fish and wildlife resources for which it is renowned. But the impetus of development has not abated, and the pressure to develop our lands and waters intensifies dai'ly. Every year more lands in Alaska are being proposed for uses other than as wi'ldl ife habitat, especial'ly around cities, towns, and vi11ages. These proposed uses include logging, min'ing, hydroelectri! projects, agriculture, settlement, geotherma'l development, and oil and gas leases, among others. As the number of proposals and plans for development continues to increase, so does the need to carefu'l'ly and efficiently evaluate their possible effects upon species and habitats and to recommend viable managerial options to guarantee that our valuable fish and wildlife resources and habitats are adequately protected and maintained. By using appropriate planning and managerial techniques most of the potential for damage and loss of access for human use can be avoided.
Recommended publications
  • Sitka National Historical Park the Archeology of the Fort Unit: Volume I: Results of the 2005-2008 Inventory

    Sitka National Historical Park the Archeology of the Fort Unit: Volume I: Results of the 2005-2008 Inventory

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers National Park Service 2010 Sitka National Historical Park The Archeology Of The Fort Unit: Volume I: Results Of The 2005-2008 Inventory William J. Hunt Jr. National Park Service, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark Hunt, William J. Jr., "Sitka National Historical Park The Archeology Of The Fort Unit: Volume I: Results Of The 2005-2008 Inventory" (2010). U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers. 89. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark/89 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Park Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SITKA NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK THE ARCHEOLOGY OF THE FORT UNIT VOLUME I: RESULTS OF THE 2005-2008 INVENTORY by William J. Hunt, Jr. Midwest Archeological Center Occasional Studies No. 35 Volume 1 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Midwest Archeological Center United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Midwest Archeological Center Lincoln, Nebraska 2010 This report has been reviewed against the criteria contained in 43CFR Part 7, Subpart A, Section 7.18 (a) (1) and, upon recommendation of the Midwest Regional Office and the Midwest Archeological Center, has been classified as Available Making the report available meets the criteria of 43CFR Part 7, Subpart A, Section 7.18 (a) (1). ABSTRACT In 2005, SITK invited the National Park Service’s (NPS) Midwest Archeological Center (MWAC) to conduct a Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program (SAIP) parkwide inventory at the park’s Fort Site Unit.
  • Alaska Region Revised 2020

    Alaska Region Revised 2020

    Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History Repatriation Office Case Report Summaries Alaska Region Revised 2020 Alaska Alutiiq, Koniag, 1991 LARSEN BAY, KODIAK ISLAND Yu'pik In September 1991, the NMNH repatriated the human remains of approximately 1000 individuals from the Uyak (KOD-145) archaeological site to the Alaska Native village of Larsen Bay, and 144 funerary objects were repatriated in January 1992. The museum had received a request to repatriate these remains and artifacts in 1987, and a series of communications between the village and the Smithsonian resulted in the decision to repatriate the remains as culturally affiliated with the present day people of Larsen Bay. The burials had been excavated by a Smithsonian curator, Ales Hrdlicka, during a series of excavations in the 1930s, and dated from around 1000 B.C. to post-contact times. No report is available, but information on the site and the repatriation may be found in the following book: Reckoning With the Dead: the Larsen Bay Repatriation and the Smithsonian Institution. Edited by Tamara L. Bray and Thomas W. Killion. Published in 1994 by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Alaska Inupiat, Yu'pik, 1994 INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN REMAINS AND NANA Regional ASSOCIATED FUNERARY OBJECTS FROM NORTHEAST NORTON Corporation SOUND, BERING STRAITS NATIVE CORPORATION, ALASKA IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY This report provides a partial inventory and assessment of the cultural affiliation of the human remains and funerary objects in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) from within the territorial boundaries of the Bering Strait Native Corporation.
  • R / 2J�J Ij Rjsj L)J J �� __Rj Ljlj F LANDED! VOLUME 2 - RAPTORS to PRATINCOLES

    R / 2J�J Ij Rjsj L)J J �� __Rj Ljlj F LANDED! VOLUME 2 - RAPTORS to PRATINCOLES

    -_r_/ 2J�J iJ_rJsJ l)J_J �� __rJ lJlJ_f LANDED! VOLUME 2 - RAPTORS TO PRATINCOLES In 1990 Oxford Univer sity Press published Volume One Over 70 colourpl ates illustr ated of the Ha11dbook of Austra­ by JeffDavies feature nearly lia 11, New Zeala11d a11d every species. Antarctic Birds to widespread acclaim. Now Volume Two, VOLUME2 covering Raptors to Pratin­ Contains vultures, hawks and coles, has been completed. eagles, falcons, galliformes and quail, Malleefowl a11d megapodes, Four more volumes are to be cranes,crakes and rails, bustards, published making this the the Australian and New Zealand most detailed and up-to-date resident waders, a11d plovers, reference work of the birds of lapwi11gs a11d douerels. Australasia. COMPREHENSIVE Each volume exami11es all aspects of bird lifeinc luding: • field i£Jentiflca1ion • dis1ribu1io11 and popula1io11 • social orga11iza1io11 The Handbook is the most ex­ • social behaviour citing and significant project •movements in Australasian ornithology to­ •plumages day and will have an •breeding • habitat enormous impact on the direc­ • voice tion of future research and the •food conservation of Au stralasian and Antarctic birds. _ • AVAI�!�! BER t�n�r? Volume 2 $250 RAOU Volumes 1 & 2 $499 -- m! CJOlltlllllCOIIIIYIOOI ORDER FORM Place your order with Oxford University Press by: cgJ Reply Paid 1641, Oxford University Press, D Please send me __ copy/copies of the Handbook of GPO Box 2784Y, Melbourne3001 Aus1ralia11, New Zealondand A111arc1ic Birds Volume 2 at the 11 (03) 646 4200 FAX (03) 646 3251 special pre-publication price of $250 (nonnal retail price $295) plus $7.50 for po stage and handling OR D I enclose my cheque/money order for$ _______ D Please send me set/sets of Volumes I a11d 2 of the D Please charge my Visa/Mastercard/Bankcard no.
  • Southwest Alaska Salmon Habitat Partnership Strategic Plan (2017)

    Southwest Alaska Salmon Habitat Partnership Strategic Plan (2017)

    Southwest Alaska Salmon Habitat Partnership Strategic Conservation Action Plan for Southwest Alaska Watersheds 2017 Update Preface In studying the history of the decline of the salmon runs of the Pacific Coast, it is striking to notice how invariably these declines are blamed on over-fishing. These statements come most often from those least acquainted with the subject and are frequently made to cover up other causes, which may be of their own making. While it is true that over-fishing is responsible for many declines, there is evidence to show that in numerous cases it is of minor or no consequence. The actual reasons are often found to be changes in the environment of the salmon due to natural and unnatural (man-made) conditions. This is especially true of the fresh water stages of its existence. Many examples could be cited. Some of the natural ones are cyclic climatic changes, floods, droughts, freezes, earthquakes, earth slides, beaver dams and increase in predators. On the other hand there are such man-made, or unnatural, causes as deforestation due to logging; hydro-electric, irrigation, flood control, and navigation projects; pollution, especially from pulp mills; soil conservation and reclamation schemes; gravel washing and mining operations; road construction such as stream culverts; insect control using poisonous sprays; and many others. The listing of these does not necessarily mean that all are inimical to the continuation of our salmon fisheries. It does mean, however, that if such projects are improperly and unwisely planned, the results will be disastrous to our fisheries. Alaska needs new industries, but not at the expense of her most important resource, which if properly cared for, will produce year after year.
  • Wildlife Protection Guidelines for Alaska

    Wildlife Protection Guidelines for Alaska

    Wildlife Protection Guidelines for Alaska Alaska Regional Response Team, Wildlife Protection Committee Revision 5 – August 2012 2018 Administrative Update Revision 5 – August 2012 Administrative Update: March 2018 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... G-5 A. Background G-5 B. Objectives ........................................................................................................................... G-5 C. Scope of Wildlife Protection Guidelines for Alaska ............................................................... G-6 1. Geographic Area ............................................................................................................. G-6 2. Wildlife Resources .......................................................................................................... G-8 3. Wildlife Resource Agencies ............................................................................................. G-8 D. Committee Organization and Development of Guidelines ................................................... G-8 1. Committee Organization ................................................................................................. G-8 2. Development of Guidelines ............................................................................................ G-9 E. Relationship to National Planning Requirements and Guidance .......................................... G-9 F. Procedures for Revisions and
  • Sitka Area Fishing Guide

    Sitka Area Fishing Guide

    THE SITKA AREA ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ROADSIDE FISHING .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 ROADSIDE FISHING IN FRESH WATERS .................................................................................................................................... 4 Blue Lake ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Beaver Lake ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Sawmill Creek .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Thimbleberry and Heart Lakes .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Indian River ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Swan Lake .........................................................................................................................................................................
  • Mount Mazama: Explosion Versus Collapse

    Mount Mazama: Explosion Versus Collapse

    Mount Mazama: Explosion versus Collapse WARREN D. SMITH, Ph.D. Professor of Geology University of Oregon CARL R. SWAR TZLOW, Ph.D. Park N aturalist Lassen National Park [Reprint from Bulletin of Geological Society of America. Vol. XLVII , December 1936. ] .. (. I I University of O regon EUGENE BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 47, PP. 1809-taso. 6 PLS., s FIGS. DECEMBER 31, 1936 MOUNT MAZAMA: EXPLOSION VERSUS COLLAPSE ~y WARREN D. SMITH AND CARL R. SWARTZLOW CONTENTS -Page Introduction ..................................................... •.:..... • 1809 Distribution, character, and amount of erupted material ..•.......• ·• . • . • . • . • 1812 Dillcr's "bn.ckflow" in Clcctwood Cove. • • . • . • • . • .. • . • • • . • • . .. • 1816 Shape nnd character of the crater. • . • . • . • • . • . • . • • • • . • . 1817 Absence of extruded lava of recent date. • . • • • . • . • • • • . • • . 1821 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON MONOGRAPHS· I\1nterinls of the rim . • . • • . • . • . • . • • • • • . 1822 · l\1cchanics of coJiapse. • • . • • • • . • . • • • • . 1824 Studies in Geology and Geography Records of some Pacific rim volcanoes .......•••••••... ·. • • • . • • . • • . • 1827 No; 1. February 1937 Summary and conclusions ........•.......•..•..••••.•.....•....•.•..•..•.• 1820 Published by' the University of Oregon Oregon State System of Higher ·· ILLUSTRATIONS Education, Eugene, Oregon Figure Pago I. Cross section of Crater Lake ............•••...•••••.....•••...••.••. : .. 1810 2. Pumice areas. • • • • . • . • . • . 1813 3. Section in Wheeler
  • CARES ACT GRANT AMOUNTS to AIRPORTS (Pursuant to Paragraphs 2-4) Detailed Listing by State, City and Airport

    CARES ACT GRANT AMOUNTS to AIRPORTS (Pursuant to Paragraphs 2-4) Detailed Listing by State, City and Airport

    CARES ACT GRANT AMOUNTS TO AIRPORTS (pursuant to Paragraphs 2-4) Detailed Listing By State, City And Airport State City Airport Name LOC_ID Grand Totals AK Alaskan Consolidated Airports Multiple [individual airports listed separately] AKAP $16,855,355 AK Adak (Naval) Station/Mitchell Field Adak ADK $30,000 AK Akhiok Akhiok AKK $20,000 AK Akiachak Akiachak Z13 $30,000 AK Akiak Akiak AKI $30,000 AK Akutan Akutan 7AK $20,000 AK Akutan Akutan KQA $20,000 AK Alakanuk Alakanuk AUK $30,000 AK Allakaket Allakaket 6A8 $20,000 AK Ambler Ambler AFM $30,000 AK Anaktuvuk Pass Anaktuvuk Pass AKP $30,000 AK Anchorage Lake Hood LHD $1,053,070 AK Anchorage Merrill Field MRI $17,898,468 AK Anchorage Ted Stevens Anchorage International ANC $26,376,060 AK Anchorage (Borough) Goose Bay Z40 $1,000 AK Angoon Angoon AGN $20,000 AK Aniak Aniak ANI $1,052,884 AK Aniak (Census Subarea) Togiak TOG $20,000 AK Aniak (Census Subarea) Twin Hills A63 $20,000 AK Anvik Anvik ANV $20,000 AK Arctic Village Arctic Village ARC $20,000 AK Atka Atka AKA $20,000 AK Atmautluak Atmautluak 4A2 $30,000 AK Atqasuk Atqasuk Edward Burnell Sr Memorial ATK $20,000 AK Barrow Wiley Post-Will Rogers Memorial BRW $1,191,121 AK Barrow (County) Wainwright AWI $30,000 AK Beaver Beaver WBQ $20,000 AK Bethel Bethel BET $2,271,355 AK Bettles Bettles BTT $20,000 AK Big Lake Big Lake BGQ $30,000 AK Birch Creek Birch Creek Z91 $20,000 AK Birchwood Birchwood BCV $30,000 AK Boundary Boundary BYA $20,000 AK Brevig Mission Brevig Mission KTS $30,000 AK Bristol Bay (Borough) Aleknagik /New 5A8 $20,000 AK
  • Port of Nome Modification Feasibility Study Nome, Alaska

    Port of Nome Modification Feasibility Study Nome, Alaska

    Draft Integrated Feasibility Report and Supplemental Environmental Assessment Port of Nome Modification Feasibility Study Nome, Alaska December 2019 This page left blank intentionally. Draft Integrated Feasibility Report and Supplemental Environmental Assessment Port of Nome Modification Feasibility Study Nome, Alaska Prepared by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District December 2019 This page left blank intentionally. Port of Nome Modification Feasibility Study Draft Integrated Feasibility Report and Supplemental Environmental Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This General Investigations study is being conducted under authority granted by Section 204 of the Flood Control Act of 1948, which authorizes a study of the feasibility for development of navigation improvements in various harbors and rivers in Alaska. This study is also utilizing the authority of Section 2006 of WRDA, 2007, Remote and Subsistence Harbors, as modified by Section 2104 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (WRRDA 2014) and further modified by Section 1105 of WRDA 2016. Section 2006 states that the Secretary may recommend a project without demonstrating that the improvements are justified solely by National Economic Development (NED) benefits, if the Secretary determines that the improvements meet specific criteria detailed in the authority. Additionally, Section 1202(c)(3) of WRDA 2016 “Additional Studies, Arctic Deep Draft Port Development Partnerships” allows for the consideration of transportation cost savings benefits to national security. The proposed port modifications intend to improve navigation efficiency to reduce the costs of commodities critical to the viability of communities in the region. This study has been cost-shared, with 50 % of the study funding provided by the non-Federal sponsor, which is the City of Nome, per the Federal Cost Share Agreement.
  • Steve Mccutcheon Collection, B1990.014

    Steve Mccutcheon Collection, B1990.014

    REFERENCE CODE: AkAMH REPOSITORY NAME: Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center Bob and Evangeline Atwood Alaska Resource Center 625 C Street Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: 907-929-9235 Fax: 907-929-9233 Email: [email protected] Guide prepared by: Sara Piasecki, Archivist TITLE: Steve McCutcheon Collection COLLECTION NUMBER: B1990.014 OVERVIEW OF THE COLLECTION Dates: circa 1890-1990 Extent: approximately 180 linear feet Language and Scripts: The collection is in English. Name of creator(s): Steve McCutcheon, P.S. Hunt, Sydney Laurence, Lomen Brothers, Don C. Knudsen, Dolores Roguszka, Phyllis Mithassel, Alyeska Pipeline Services Co., Frank Flavin, Jim Cacia, Randy Smith, Don Horter Administrative/Biographical History: Stephen Douglas McCutcheon was born in the small town of Cordova, AK, in 1911, just three years after the first city lots were sold at auction. In 1915, the family relocated to Anchorage, which was then just a tent city thrown up to house workers on the Alaska Railroad. McCutcheon began taking photographs as a young boy, but it wasn’t until he found himself in the small town of Curry, AK, working as a night roundhouse foreman for the railroad that he set out to teach himself the art and science of photography. As a Deputy U.S. Marshall in Valdez in 1940-1941, McCutcheon honed his skills as an evidential photographer; as assistant commissioner in the state’s new Dept. of Labor, McCutcheon documented the cannery industry in Unalaska. From 1942 to 1944, he worked as district manager for the federal Office of Price Administration in Fairbanks, taking photographs of trading stations, communities and residents of northern Alaska; he sent an album of these photos to Washington, D.C., “to show them,” he said, “that things that applied in the South 48 didn’t necessarily apply to Alaska.” 1 1 Emanuel, Richard P.
  • Legislative History for Craters of the Moon National Monument

    Legislative History for Craters of the Moon National Monument

    o 37 - ..... LEGISLATIVE HISTORY FOR o 37 CRATERS OF THE MOON NATIONAL MONUMENT 70th Congress through 96th Congress Compiled by MARILEE COGSWELL CATHLEEN FRANK - LINDA RHINES - Under the direction of .... ELLEN TRAXEL Regional Librarian and NOREEN BREEDING Acting Regional Librarian NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGIONAL LIBRARY SEATTLE, WASHINGTON November 1985 - INTRODUCTION On January 17, 1983, a memorandum was issued by the Director of the National Park Service directing all Superintendents and Regional Directors to have complete legislative history files for the area(s) under their jurisdiction. In January 1985, Regional Librarian Ellen Traxe1 began reviewing legislative histories in the National Park Service to determine the scope of undertaking such a project: there had been a previous legislative history project in 1958 which covered some of the older parks in the Pacific Northwest Region. The Regional Librarian was able to obtain copies of these legislative histories. With this information, the project was defined as an updating of work accomplished for parks established prior to 1958 plus a complete compilation for parks established after that date. By February 5, 1985, a methodology had been developed for determining what congressional documents were needed and the sources for obtaining them. Three professional librarians were recruited as volunteers to compile the legislative histories. The project was substantially completed by October 1985 at a cost of $748 for reimbursement to volunteers for local travel, meals, supplies, and copying expenses. The only alternative method of acquisition (by contract) would have cost between $20,000-$25,000. COMPILER'S NOTES I. SCOPE Legislative histories for parks established before 1958 consist of two sections.
  • Kodiak 18 Bear Essentials

    Kodiak 18 Bear Essentials

    The Grizzlies of Kodiak: up close and personal An unique, exclusive, six person photographic experience to the remote bear habitat of Alaska’s Kodiak Island with Andy Skillen. September 2018 GBP6,595; US$8,350 (based on double occupancy) The Bear Essentials… The largest bear ever killed in North America was from Kodiak Island with a total skull size of 30.75 in (78.1 cm), and 8 of the top 10 brown bears listed in the Boone and Crockett record book are from Kodiak. The Kodiak Brown Bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi), is the largest subspecies of brown bear. These bears can weigh up to 1500 lb. (682 kg) or more and they occupy the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in Southwestern Alaska. The bears’ traditional name in the Alutiiq language is Taquka-aq (Tah-goo-kuk) Taxonomy Taxonomist C.H. Merriam was the first to recognize Kodiak bears as unique and he named the species in honor of the celebrated Russian naturalist Dr. A. Th. von Middendorff. Subsequent taxonomic revisions merged most North American brown bears into a single subspecies (Ursus arctos horribilis), but Kodiak bears are still considered to be a unique subspecies (Ursus arctos middendorffi). Recent investigations of genetic samples from bears on Kodiak have shown that they are closely related to brown bears on the Alaska Peninsula and Kamchatka, Russia. It appears that Kodiak bears have been genetically isolated since at least the last ice age (10,000 to 12,000 years ago) and there is very little genetic diversity within the population. Although the current population is healthy and productive and has shown no overt adverse signs of inbreeding, it may be more susceptible to new diseases or parasites than other more diverse brown bear populations.