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Bibliography Bibliography References to works cited in the text are made via the Harvard system of author’s name and date of publication, thus: (Adams 2005). If not otherwise referenced, quotations are copied from the summarizing and general works that are referenced near the beginning of the chapter or section. I received James Lequeux’ new biography of François Arago (Lequeux 2008) too late to be able to take advantage of its comprehensive scholarship. Adams , M. (2005) Admiral Collingwood: Nelson’s own Hero London : Weidenfeld and Nicholson . Alder , K. (2002) The Measure of All Things: the Seven Year Odyssey that Transformed the World London : Little Brown . Anon (1854) “François Arago – his life and discoveries” North British Review , XX, 459, 1854 – review essay based on “François Arago” by J.A. Barral, Paris 1853, “Discours prononcé au funeraille de M. Arago, le Mercredi 5 Oct 1853” by M. Flourens, and “François Arago” by M. De la Rive, in Bull. Univ. de Genève , Oct 1853, xxiv, 265; also “Obituary of François Arago” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 14 , 102, 1854. Arago, F. (1857) “The story of my youth” in Biographies of Distinguished Men , translated by W.H. Smyth, the Rev. Baden Powell and Robert Grant London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. See electronic text at http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/16775. The French version of “Histoire de ma Jeunesse” is available through http://gallica.bnf.fr/ (Barral, J.-A., ed. (1854–1862) Arago, F. (1786–1853) Oeuvres completes , Tome 1, p. 1). See also “Mesure de la Méridienne de France”, ibid . Tome 11, p. 54. Bartky , Ian R. (2000) Selling the True Time: Nineteenth-Century Timekeeping in America Stanford : Stanford University Press . Blackett , P.M.S. (1967) “The Lunar Society of Birmingham” University of Birmingham Historical Journal XI ( 1 ), 1 , 1967 . Bodanis, D (2006) Passionate Minds London : Little Brown . Brown , D. (2003) The Da Vinci Code London : Bantam Press . Cassini, Jacques (Cassini II) (1720) De la Grandeur et de la Figure de la Terre Paris: Imprimerie Royale. Cassini de Thury, César-François (Cassini III) (1744) La Méridienne de l’Observatoire Royal de Paris, Verifiée dans toute l’étendue du Royaume par les nouvelles Observations. Paris: Libraries Hippolyte-Louis Guerin et Jacques Guerin. Chandrasekhar , S (1995) Newton’s Principia for the Common Reader Chicago : University of Chicago Press . Chapman , A. ( 1995 , 2nd edn .) Dividing the Circle Chichester : Wiley and Praxis . Cohen , I.B. (1970) Biography of Delambre in Dictionary of Scientific Biography New York : Charles Scribner & Sons . 169 170 Bibliography Cohen , I.B. and Whitman , A. (1999) The Principia: a new translation Berkeley : University of California Press . Cotardière, Philippe de la (2003) Guide de l’Astronomie en France Paris: Guides Savants de Belin. Crease , R.P. (2003) The Prism and the Pendulum: the Ten Most Beautiful Experiments in Space New York : Random House . Daumas , M. ( 1943 , reprinted 1987 ) Arago, La Jeunesse de la Science Paris : Belin . Daumas , M. ( 1972 , reprinted 1989 ) Scientific Instruments of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries and their Makers ( trans. by M. Holbrook ) London : Portman Books . Debarth , S. (1984) L’Observatoire de Paris: son Histoire (1667–1963) Paris : Observatoire de Paris . Delambre , M. (1827) Histoire de l’Astronomie au Dix-Huitième Siècle Paris : Bachelier . Fernández-Armesto , F. (2006) Pathfinders : a Global History of Exploration Oxford : University Press . Gillispie , C.G. (ed.) (1973) Dictionary of Scientific Biography NY : Charles Scribner’s Sons . Gotteland , A. and Camus , G. (1997) Cadrans Solaires de Paris Paris : CNRS Editions . Greenberg , J. (1995) The Problem of the Earth’s Shape from Newton to Clairaut Cambridge : University Press . Guedj , Denis (2001) The Measure of the World (trans. by Arthur Goldhammer from the French edi- tion, La Mesure du monde , Éditions Seghers Paris 1987) Chicago : University of Chicago Press . Harrison , H.M . ( 1994) Voyager in Time and Space: the life of John Couch Adams, Sussex : The Book Guild. Heilbron , J.L. ( 2001) The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories Cambridge , MA: Harvard University Press. Howard-Duff , I (1984) “Paris Observatory in 1784 – Cassini de Thury’s legacy to Jean-Dominique Cassini” J. Brit. Astr. Assoc . , 95, 1 . Howard-Duff , I. (1986) “ D.F.J. Arago 1786–1853” J. Brit. Astr. Assoc. , 97 , 1 . Howse , D. (1984) “1884 and longitude zero” Vistas in Astronomy 28 , 11 . Howse , D. (1997) Greenwich Time and the Longitude London : Philip Wilson and the National Maritime Museum. Kiner, Aline (2005) « Des églises devenues observatoires » Sciences et Avenir Avril 2005, page 82–97. Konvitz , J. W (1987) Cartography in France 1660–1848 Chicago, IL: University Press. Lequeux , J. (2008) François Arago un savant généreux - Physique et astronomie au XIXe siècle Paris : Coédition EDP Sciences, Observatoire de Paris. Malin , S. and Stott , C. (1984) The Greenwich Meridian Southampton : Ordnance Survey. Maupertuis , P. (1738) The Figure of the Earth, Determined from Observations made by Order of the French King at the Polar Circle London : Cox, Davis, Knapton and Millar . See also another English translation in Pinkerton (1808) , p . 231. Méchain , P. and Delambre , J.-B. (1806–10) Base du Système Mètrique Décimal, ou Mesure de l’Arc du Méridien . Paris : Baudouin, Imprimeur de l’Institut National . Murdin, P. (2006) “Laborious and perilous adventures – François Arago’s triumphant return to France” Journal for Maritime Research , 15 June 2006. http://www.jmr.nmm.ac.uk/ Outhier, R. (1744) Journal of a Voyage to the North in the Years 1736 and 1737. See translation in Pinkerton (1808), p. 259. Pinkerton , J. (1808) A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World ( Vol. 1 ). London : Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme . Regional Library of Lapland and the Pello Municipal Library (2006) “The degree measurements in the Tornionlaasko Valley 1736–1737” http://www4.rovaniemi.fi/lapinkavijat/maupertuis/ index_eng.html Rougé , Michel (2006) Le Gnomon de l’Eglise Saint-Sulpice Paris : Paroisse Saint-Sulpice . Showen , R.L. (1984) “Pride and chauvinism in science” Vistas in Astronomy 28 , 311 , 1984 . Simaan , A. (2001) La Science au Péril de sa Vie Paris : Vuibert/Adapt . Bibliography 171 Smith , J.R. (1986) From Plane to Spheroid: determining the Figure of the Earth from 3000 B.C. to the 18th century Lapland and Peruvian Expeditions Rancho Cordova , CA : Landmark Enterprises . Sobel , D. (1999) Longitude London : Fourth Estate . Tackett , T. (2003) When the King Took Flight Cambridge, MA : Harvard UP . Terrall , M. (2002) The Man who Flattened the Earth: Maupertuis and the Sciences in the Enlightenment Chicago : University of Chicago Press . Terrien , L. (2000) Saint-Sulpice Paris : Church of St Sulpice . Tobin , W. (2005) The Life and Science of Léon Foucault Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Todhunter , I. ( 1873 , reprinted 1962 ) A History of the Mathematical theories of Attraction and the Figure of the Earth NY : Dover Publications . Turner , A. J. (1989) From Pleasure and Profit to Science and Security – Étienne Lenoir and the Transformation of Precision Instrument-Making in France 1760–1830 Cambridge : Whipple Museum of the History of Science . Van Helden , A. (1996) “Longitude and the satellites of Jupiter” in The Quest for Longitude , ed. W.J.H. Andrewes , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press . Whitaker , R. (2004) The Mapmaker’s Wife London : Doubleday . Wolf , C. (1902) Histoire de l’Observatoire de Paris de sa Fondation à 1793 Paris : Gauthiers-Villars . Acknowledgements I am grateful to several people for their encouragement and help to be able to tell this story. They include Harry Blom (Springer), James Caplan (Observatoire de Marseille), Allan Chapman (Oxford), Jessica Fricchione (Springer), Mark Hurm (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge), Peter Hingley (Royal Astronomical Society), Karel van der Hucht (International Astronomical Union, Paris), Odile Dubois (University of Reims), Eliane Jaouipylypiw (Roissy-en-Brie), Margarette Lincoln (National Maritime Museum), Tom Matheson (New Jersey), Dave Minett (Hastings), Amanda Smith (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge), Curtis Wilson (SJCA). I am grateful to my wife Lesley for her support in researching this book, for translating Maupertuis’ “Poem for Christine”, and for accompanying me on our own adven- tures to places described in this book. 173 Index A memorials to, 125–128, 160 Abbe, Cleveland, 136, 137, 140 (see also Arago memorial medallions) Academy of Sciences (Paris) and Paris Observatory, 112, 123 and Arago, 122–123 political activities, 124–125 and control of the Paris Observatory, and Polytechnic School, 111–112, 124 24–25 results of expedition, 122 establishment of Paris Observatory, 12–14 tomb of, 125 and expeditions to measure the shape visits to Britain, 124 of the Earth, 55–56, 63 youthful indiscretions, 114 founding of, 12, 161 Arago memorial medallions, 126–128, grand projets concept, xiii, 25, 39 152(fig.), 154(fig.) and Huygens, 41–42 and The Da Vinci Code, 151–152 and Institute de France, 164 walking tour of, 153–168 and Laplace, 122–123 Arctic Circle, 56, 63, 75. See also and remeasurement of Paris Meridian Lapland expedition for metric system, 94–95 Aristotle, 26 and speed of sound measurements, 35 Astronomie Populaire (Arago), 123 standardization of money and measures, Austria, 32–33, 114 87 (see also metric system) azimuth,
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