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Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences Oestrus Synchronisation in Red Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Volume 17 (Number 2). June, 2019 SHORT COMMUNICATION Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences (P-ISSN 1595-093X: E-ISSN 2315-6201) http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v17i2.9 Bello et al./Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 17(2): 65 - 68. Oestrus synchronisation in Red Sokoto does treated with prostaglandin F2α and progesterone pessaries AA Bello1*, AA Voh Jr2, D Ogwu1 & LB Tekdek3 1. Department of Theriogenology and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria 2. National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria 3. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria *Correspondence: Tel.: +234803615348 3; E-mail: [email protected] Copyright: © 2019 Abstract Bello et al. This is an Comparative oestrus synchronisation was carried out in 52 Red Sokoto does with the open-access article aim of evaluating the effectiveness and tightness of synchrony of prostaglandin F2- published under the alpha (PGF2α) and progesterone pessaries for clinical application. Does were randomly terms of the Creative divided into PGF2α treated (n = 18), progesterone pessaries treated (n = 18) and Commons Attribution control (n = 16) groups. A double injection protocol of PGF2α, 12-days apart, and License which permits progesterone pessaries inserted for 12-days were used to synchronise oestrus, with unrestricted use, no treatment to the Control group. Six sexually active bucks were used as heat distribution, and detectors. Intensive and non-intensive oestrus detections were employed using visual reproduction in any observation and apronisation. Standing to be mounted was used as the main sign of medium, provided the oestrus. Oestrus response rate was 88.9 %, 33.3 % and 37.5 % for PGF2α, progesterone original author and pessaries and Control groups respectively. Tightness of oestrus synchrony for PGF2α source are credited. was within four days, while that of progesterone pessaries was within three days. Progesterone pessaries retention rate was 94.4 %. It was concluded that PGF2α double Publication History: injection, 12-days apart, synchronised oestrus in Red Sokoto doe was more effective Received: 21-10- 2018 with a tighter synchrony and recommended for clinical use than progesterone Accepted:08-02-2019 pessaries inserted for 12-days. Keywords: Oestrus, Progesterone, Prostaglandin F2-alpha, Red Sokoto doe, Synchronisation Introduction Oestrus synchronisation is globally accepted as an the oestrous cycle, either by providing exogenous effective method of improving reproductive progesterone or by inducing premature luteolysis efficiency in livestock for faster genetic (Wildeus, 2000) using PGF2α (Voh Jr., 1996). Oestrus improvement, multiplication, and demarcation of response to synchronisation agents is reportedly breeding season (Voh Jr. et al., 2003). Clinical affected by season, age, breed, stage of oestrus application of this reproductive tool for productivity cycle, nutrition and dosage of synchronizing agent in the field by clinicians and other researchers has (Alemede & Fasanya, 1999; Wildeus, 2000). This not been favoured especially in the developing study was therefore undertaken with the objective countries. Oestrus synchronisation in Caprines and of evaluating the effectiveness and tightness of Ovines is achieved by control of the luteal phase of synchrony of PGF2α and progesterone pessaries (P4P) 65 Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Volume 17 (Number 2). June, 2019 for clinical field application for improving in place for 12 days before removal. No treatment reproductive efficiency. was administered to the Control group. Apronised bucks and visual observation were Materials and Methods employed for oestrus detection. Matured sexually Study area and experimental animals active apronised bucks were introduced from the The study was carried out at a facility of the National day of commencement of the experiment and Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Shika, maintained throughout. Two bucks served each of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A total of 58 Red the three groups. Visual heat detection was Sokoto goats (52 does, 6 bucks) were used for the intensive and non-intensive. The intensive detection study. Pre-experimental observation period of three was carried out continuously for 168 hours by months to establish cyclicity was performed before experienced heat detectors taking shifts after each selection of the animals for experiment. PGF2α injection and P4P withdrawal. The non- Ballottement, body condition score (BCS) intensive was for 28 hours (four hours daily: 8:00 - assessment (Pullan, 1978), aging via the records and 10:00 am and 4:00 – 6:00 pm) whenever the evaluation of the dentition (Clair, 1975), parity, intensive ended. reproductive performance and physical parameters were used to select 52 RSG does and 6 bucks for the Statistical analysis study. The does comprised of 30 adult and 22 Oestrus response, oestrus tightness and P4P maiden does with an average body weight of 21.0 retention data were collected. The data collected kg, BCS of 3.0 (scale of 1 – 5) and age 18 months. Six was analysed using Pearson Chi-Square tests. matured and sexually active bucks were apronised and used for heat detection. The bucks had an Results and Discussion average body weight of 21.0 kg, BCS of 3.0 and 24 Progesterone pessaries retention rate was 94.4 % months in age. and non-retention rate was 5.6 % for P4P treatment group (Table 1). Muco-purulent and sometimes Groups and feeding pungent smelling vaginal discharge was observed in The does were randomly assigned to three groups: five (27.8 %) does at the time of P4P removal during PGF2α, P4P and control groups. Each of the groups the course of study. contained two apronised bucks as heat detectors. Progesterone pessaries retention rate (94.4%) was Animals were fed feed containing metabolizable within the reported ranges in the same breed energy (ME) of 11.7mJ/kg dry matter (DM) and 15% (Omontese et al., 2013). Factors such as pessaries crude protein (CP) formulated for maintenance and texture and consistency, length of vaginal tract and reproduction. The feed was compounded using method or technique adopted for inserting the maize (Zea mays), maize offal, wheat offal and pessaries may be responsible for influencing cotton seed cake, and 50:50 ratio of grass (hay – pessaries retention (Omontese et al., 2013). The Digitaria smutsi) to concentrate was used. Salt was discharges had minimal effect on synchronization. added at 2 %. Concentrate was fed in the morning The pessaries remained intravaginal in almost all the (8:00 – 10:00 am) and evening (4:00 – 6:00 pm) does to provide exogenous source of progesterone while hay and water were provided adlibitum. concentration to prevent ovulation until withdrawal thereby synchronising oestrus. Furthermore, the Oestrus synchronization and detection study indicates the does that lost pessaries were Comparative oestrus synchronisation of does was able to exhibit fertile oestrus. Hence these carried out with PGF2α and progesterone pessaries observations have positive clinical relevance on field (P4P). For the PGF2α group, animals were treated work when pessaries are employed. with 12.5mg of PGF2α [Dinoprost tromethamine – Oestrus response rate was 88.9 %, 33.3 % and 37.5 Lutalyse®, Pfizer, NY, USA]. Protocol was the double % for PGF2α, P4P and Control groups respectively. The injection of PGF2α, 12-days apart. In P4P group, oestrus response rate for PGF2α treatment was treatment was with progesterone pessaries higher than those of the P4P and Control groups; containing 30mg Cronolone (Florogestone Acetate, there was significant (P < 0.05) difference. Chronogest®, Intervet Company, France). Pessaries Spontaneous oestrus response of the Control group were inserted into the vagina using an applicator was higher than that of P4P but less than the PGF2α following lubrication. After insertion, the were kept groups (Table 1). First and second PGF2α treatment oestrus response rates were 77.8 % and 88.9 % 66 Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Volume 17 (Number 2). June, 2019 respectively. There was significant (P < 0.05) nutrition, climate, location and drug brand (Evans et difference (Table 2). Prostaglandin F2-aplpha (PGF2α) al., 2004; Omontese et al., 2013). Results indicated and progesterone pessaries (P4P) used induced and that the RSG does utilized and responded to the synchronized oestrus, however, PGF2α double exogenous source of progesterone concentration injection protocol was more effective and had higher contained in the pessaries to prevent ovulation until values with significant (P < 0.05) difference for both pessaries withdrawal, thereby synchronising oestrus. first (77.8%) and second (88.9%) injections than P4P Prostaglandin F2-alpha treatment group had (33.3%) and control (37.5%). The oestrus response tightness of oestrus synchrony within four days, P4P findings of PGF2α being reported was in agreement had three days and control within four days (Table with the reports of earlier authors that worked on 2). Tightness or compactness of synchrony for PGF2α the breed (Bello, 2011; Omontese et al., 2013; was typical and better than P4P and agrees with the Omontese et al., 2014), other local breeds (Akusu, reports of Bello (2011) in the RSG and Akusu (2003) 2003) and those elsewhere (Medan et al., 2002, in WAD goat. The oestrus response of 77.8% and Whitley & Jackson,
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