Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

Home , Birnin Kebbi, Ikot Ekpene, Katsina, Kebbi State, Sokoto

Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

For

Reconductoring of 7No. 132kV Transmission Public Disclosure Authorized Lines: {Ikeja West-Alimosho DC & Alimosho- Ogba DC (Lagos State), Alaoji-Aba SC and Aba-Itu SC (Abia and Akwa Ibom States), Birnin Kebbi-Sokoto SC (Kebbi and Sokoto States), Apo-Karu SC (Abuja - FCT) and Kumbotso-Katsina DC (Kano and Kaduna States)}

Under the Public Disclosure Authorized Nigeria Electricity and Gas Improvement Project (NEGIP).

Prepared By

Public Disclosure Authorized TCN-PMU (World Bank Projects)

November, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures ...... vi List of Tables ...... vii List of Plates ...... viii List of Annexes ...... x Abbreviations ...... xi Executive Summary ...... 13 1.0 CHAPTER ONE ...... 22 INTRODUCTION ...... 22 1.1 Background ...... 22 1.2 Project Locations ...... 22 1.3 ESMP Objectives ...... 29 1.4 Methodology/Approach ...... 30 1.5 Impact Characterization, Categorization & Magnitude ...... 30 1.5.1 Impact Magnitude ...... 30 2.0 CHAPTER TWO ...... 32 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 32 2.1. National Legal Framework ...... 32 2.1.1 National Environmental Laws ...... 32 2.1.2 State Regulations ...... 32 2.2. International Safeguards Policies/Standards ...... 33 3.0 CHAPTER THREE ...... 37 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 37 3.1. RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 37 3.1.1. TCN/PMU ...... 37 3.1.2. Consultant (Engineering/Environment and Social) ...... 39 3.1.3. World Bank...... 39 3.1.4. EnvironmentalCommunity ...... and Social...... Management ...... Plan (ESMP). 39 for the 4.0 CHAPTER FOUR ...... 40 PROJECTRehabilitation/Reinforcement DESCRIPTION ...... of Awka...... (Ana(Anambrambra State).. 40 132/33kV 4.1 Project Scope ...... Transmission...... Sub-Stations...... 40 4.2 Project Implementation ...... 40

4.2.1 Project Implementation Duration ...... 41 5.0 CHAPTER FIVE ...... 43 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE/ FINDINGS ALONG THE EXISTING 132KV TRANSMISSION LINE ROW ...... 43 5.1. Ikeja West – Alimosho 132kV DC Transmission Line ...... FINAL...... 43 REPORT

December 2015 5.1.1 Environmental/Social Baseline ...... 43 5.1.2 Audit Findings along the ROW ...... 44 5.2. Alimosho – Ogba 132kV DC Transmission Line ...... 47 5.2.1 Environmental/Social Baseline ...... 47 5.2.2 Audit Findings along the ROW ...... 48 5.3. Alaoji – Aba 132kV SC Transmission Line ...... 51 5.3.1 Environmental/Social Baseline ...... 51 5.3.2 Audit Findings along the ROW ...... 51 5.4. Aba – Itu 132kV SC Transmission Line ...... 55 5.4.1 Environmental/Social Baseline ...... 55 5.4.2 Audit Findings along the ROW ...... 55 5.5. Birnin Kebbi – Sokoto 132kV SC Transmission Line...... 59 5.5.1 Environmental/Social Baseline ...... 59 5.5.2 Audit Findings along the ROW ...... 60 5.6. Kumbotso – Katsina 132kV DCTransmission Line ...... 63 5.6.1 Environmental/Social Baseline ...... 63 5.6.2 Audit Findings along the ROW ...... 63 5.7. Apo – Karu 132kV DC Transmission Line ...... 68 5.7.1 Environmental/Social Baseline ...... 68 5.7.2 Audit Findings along the ROW ...... 68 6.0 CHAPTER SIX ...... 72 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS /MITIGATION ...... 72 6.1: Introduction ...... 72 6.2: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts during Reconductoring ...... 72 6.2.1: Waste Impacts ...... 72 6.2.2: Land Use Impacts ...... 72 6.3.3: Impacts due to air emissions...... 73 6.3.4: Impacts due to noise emissions ...... 73 6.2.6: Impacts due to Involuntary Resettlement ...... 73 6.3.3: Impact Mitigation for the 132kV Transmisssion Lines Reconductoring Project (Under NEGIP)...... 74 7.0 CHAPTER SEVEN ...... 83 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) FOR THE 132KV TRANSMISSION LINE RECONDUCTORING PROJECT ...... 83 7.1 Objective of the GRM ...... 83

7.2 Grievance Redress Committee ...... 83 7.2.1 Composition of the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) ...... 83 7.3 Grievance Redress Process ...... 84 7.4 Financing the Grievance Redress Mechanism and Cost of Rediation ...... 85 8.0 CHAPTER SEVEN ...... 86 DETAILED GUIDELINES AND MONITORING PLANS FOR THE 132KV TRANSMISSION LINES RECONDUCTORING PROJECT ...... 86 8.1 Workplace Health, Safety and Environment Plan ...... 86 8.2 Traffic Management...... 87 8.3 Waste Management Plan...... 87 8.3.1 Waste Handling Guidelines ...... 87 8.3.2 Waste Minimization / Reduction ...... 87 8.3.4 Waste Disposal ...... 88 8.4 General Security Plan ...... 88 8.5 Emergency Response Plan ...... 88 8.6 Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) ...... 89 8.7 Communication Plan ...... 89 8.8 Training ...... 90 8.9 Environmental and Social Monitoring ...... 90 ANNEX I ...... 95 ANNEX II ...... 96

List of Figures

Figure 1.2.1: TCN 132kV Transmission Lines Grid Map of Nigeri highlighting the proposed 132kV transmission lines selected for the Project, underNEGIP ……..……………23

Figure 1.2.2a: Satelite Image indicating Ikeja West – Alimosho 132kV Transmission Line ……….....24

Figure 1.2.2b: Satelite Image indicating Alimosho-Ogba 132kV Transmission Line …………….....24

Figure 1.2.2c: Satelite Image indicating Ikeja West – Alimosho - Ogba 132kV Transmission Line…..25

Figure 1.2.3a: Satelite Image indicating Alaoji – Aba 132kV Transmission Line …………………..25

Figure 1.2.3b: Satelite Image indicating Aba-Itu 132kV Transmission Line………………………...26

Figure 1.2.3c: Satelite Image indicating Alaoji – Aba – Itu 132kV Transmission Line……………....26

Figure 1.2.4a: Satelite Image indicating Kumbotso-Kankiya 132kV Transmission Line ……..……..27

Figure 1.2.4b: Satelite Image indicating Kankiya-Katsina 132kV Transmission Line…………….....27

Figure 1.2.4c: Satelite Image indicating Kankiya-Katsina 132kV Transmission Line…..…………....28

Figure 1.2.5: Satelite Image indicating Apo - Karu 132kV Transmission Line……………..…….....28

Figure 1.2.6: Satelite Image indicating Birnin Kebbi - Sokoto 132kV Transmission Line…..………....29

Figure 5.6.1: Satelite Image showing Bichi town (Kano) which is traversed by 132kV Transmission Line 1, from Kumbotso 132kV Transmission Substation ……….……………………70 Figure 5.6.2: : Satelite Image showing 132kV Transmission Line 1, from Kumbotso traversing Katsina Industrial Area on its approach to Katsina 132kV Transmission Substation …….……70

List of Tables

Table 2.2.1: World Bank Operational Policies (OPs)………………………………………..…34

Table 2.2.2: World Bank Operational Policy Triggered……………………………………..…35

Table 2.2.3: Maximum permissible limit for noise intensity (World Bank requirements)……..36

Table 2.2.4: Standards and Limits for Noise Levels in the Work Environment ………...…..…36

Table 2.2.5: Standards for ambient air quality ……………………………………………..…..36

Table 3.1.1: Esmp Implementation Responsibilities ………………………………………….38

Table 4.3.1a Estimated “Actual” Project Implementation duration ……...…..…………..……43

Table 4.3.1b: Summary of Activities Requisite for Project implementation/ Estimated Project duration……………………………………………………………..…….…..…44

Table 6.3.1: Impacts/ Impact Mitigation for NEGIP 132kV Transmission Lines Reconductoring Project …………………………………………………………………………….77

Table 7.4.1: Implementation plan for Grievance Redress Mechanism …………………….….86

Table 8.6.1: Basic Stakeholder Engagement Consultation Schedule ……………..………….90 Table 8.6.2: Sample Monitoring Checklist………………………………………………………………………100

List of Plates

Plate 5.1.1: Out-going 132kV Transmission Lines from Ikeja West Sub-Region ……..………48

Plate 5.1.2: Block making activities on-going within the ROW ……………………….………48

Plate 5.1.3 Transmission tower completely fenced in within a school premise………………...48

Plate 5.1.4: Transmission tower fenced into a private premise………………………...……….48

Plate 5.1.5: Transmission tower standing in the middle of a busy road………………..………49

Plate 5.1.6: Tomb stone on private property – close to base of Transmission tower ……….....49

Plate 5.1.7: Make-shift petty trade shops directly under the Transmission Line……………….49

Plate 5.1.8: Popular recreational spot directly under the Transmission Line……….…………….49

Plate 5.2.1: Tower base overtaken by dense overgrowth …………….……………………...... 52

Plate 5.2.2: Church building in breach of the ROW ……………………………………………52

Plate 5.2.3: Car wash operators under the trannsmission line …………...…………………………52

Plate 5.2.4: Muslim “Call to prayer” Platform close to transmission tower base ……………...52

Plate 5.2.5: Mechanic workshop at the base of transmission tower ……………………………...... 53

Plate 5.2.6: Welding activities going on within the base of the transmission tower …………………53

Plate 5.2.7: Transmission tower fenced into a Church premise..……………………….…………..53

Plate 5.2.8: Work camp of a Construction company involved with road reconstruction …….……...53

Plate 5.3.1: Out-going 132kV Transmission Lines from Alaoji Sub-Region ……………………….55

Plate 5.3.2: Commercial buildings within the ROW ……………………….……………………...56

Plate 5.3.3: Make-shift auto mechanic workshops under the Transmission line ROW ……………...56

Plate 5.3.4: Residetial buildings within the ROW ………………………………….……………..56

Plate 5.3.5: Petty trading on-going under the ROW …..…….………………..…………………...57

Plate 5.3.6: Industrial building/artisans directly In breach of the ROW …………………….……...57

Plate 5.3.7: Tower base used as Mechanic’s storage ……………………….……………………...57

Plate 5.3.8: Petrol Station directly under the ROW ……………………………………..………...57

Plate 5.4.1: Dilapidated building under the 132kV Transmission Line ……………………………..60

Plate 5.4.2 Private property in breach of the ROW……………………………………………..….60

Plate 5.4.3 Land prepared in readiness for farming season ………………………………………...60

Plate 5.4.4 132kV Line traversing undulating terrain ……………………..……………………….60

Plate 5.4.5 Transmission tower completely fenced in, within Church Premise …………………..….61

Plate 5.4.6 Petty trading kiosk inside the base of a transmission tower …………………...………...61

Plate 5.4.7 Residential building in breach of the ROW ………………………...………………….61

Plate 5.4.8 Unhealthy and illegal use of tower base as waste dump site ………...………………….61

Plate 5.5.1: Out-going 132kV Transmission Lines from Birnin Kebbi Transmission Sub-Region ……64

Plate 5.5.2: Tarred road running directly under the Transmission Line ……………………….…….64

Plate 5.5.3: Open stretch of flat land traversed by the Transmission Line …………………………...64

Plate 5.5.4: Cultivation of seasonal cash crops on-going within the ROW ……………………….…64

Plate 5.5.5: Residential Estate traversed by 132kV Transmission Line ………………………………65

Plate 5.5.6: Isolated Rural settlement within the ROW ……………………………………………65

Plate 5.5.7: Busy road in breach of the ROW …………………………………………………..…65

Plate 5.5.8: Dust storm on-going due to loose nature of soil …………………………………….…65

Plate 5.6.1: Established residential settlements within the ROW …………………………………..68

Plate 5.6.2: Makeshift Mechanic Workshops and other activities going on under the ROW …….....68

Plate 5.6.3: Private property built under the transmission line …………………..………….……...68

Plate 5.6.4: Trading on-going within the ROW ……………………...……………………………68

Plate 5.6.5: Transmission line towers fenced into a private premise ………………..……………...69

Plate 5.6.6: Land under the ROW being prepared for planting …………………………………….69

Plate 5.7.1: Block making activities on-going within the ROW ……………………………………73

Plate 5.7.2: Private building within the ROW …………………………………...………………..73

Plate 5.7.3: Land under the ROW being prepared for the planting season by local farmers ……....…73

Plate 5.7.4: Waste dump site very close to tower base……………..……………………………....73

Plate 5.7.5: Private property in breach of the transmission Line ROW ……………………..…....…74

Plate 5.7.6: Transmission line crossing a busy road on its approach to Karu 132/33Kv Substation …..74

List of Annexes

Annex I: Potential Project affected squatters………………...…………………………………36

Annex 2: Cost Estimate…………………………………………………………………………36

Abbreviations

AEPB Abuja Environmental Protection Board

CBs Circuit Breakers CHS Community Health & Safety CO Carbon monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand Corporate Social Responsibility CSR dB Decibel E East EHS Environment, Health & Safety EMP Environmental Management Plan ERSU Environment, Resettlement and Social Unit ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FCT Federal Capital Territory FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment Ft Feet GBV Gender Based Violence GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HQ Headquarters HSE Health, Social & Environment IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation JHA Job Hazard Analyses KV Kilovolts LGA Local Government Area m Meter mm Millimeter m/s Meter per seconds MVA Mega Volt Amp N North NEGIP Nigeria Electricity and Gas Improvement Project NOx Nitrogen Oxide

OHS Occupational Health & Safety OP/BP Operational Policy Ph Potential Hydrogen PM Project Manager PMU Project Management Unit PIT Project Implementation Team

PPE Personal protective equipment TCN Transmission Company of Nigeria USD United States Dollars SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan

SO2 Sulphur dioxide S/s Substation WB World Bank WWI Written Work Instruction µg/m3 Microgram per meter cube % Percentage oc Degree Celsius

Executive Summary

Background

The Federal Government of Nigeria, through TCN is taking steps to improve efficiency, reliability and sustainability of the Electricity Industry, while at the same time striving to service, qualitatively, as many users as possible with the ultimate goal of stimulating Socio-Economic activities within the country and beyond.

In this regard, the World Bank has granted the Federal Government a Credit under the “Nigeria Electricity and Gas Improvement Project (NEGIP)”, part of which is to be used for funding the Rehabilitation/Reinforcement and Upgrading of Transmission facilities nationwide.

The proposed project, “Transmission Line Reconductoring”, is aimed at addressing transmission deficiencies in some critical areas where demand for electricity have markedly increase as a result of rapid urban development.

The projects will be carried out within TCN’s already existing Right of Way (ROW) with the employment of TCN “In-house” manpower.

Implementation of this project may entail relocating people that have encroached upon the ROW of the existing transmission lines to be reconductored thus leading to resettlement of people, loss of assets or access to resources and consequently loss of income or means of livelihood.

This ESMP stes out to highlight the environmental and social impacts associated with the proposed reconductoring projects and proffer appropriate mitigation measures to address same. To mitigate impacts due to invoutary resettlement Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) will be prepared for sub-projects (i.e. each of the selected project areas) under this project.

An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) were earlier prepared and disclosed for NEGIP at the inception of the Project in line with World Bank Safeguard policies and the requirements of the Federal Ministry of Environemnt.

This ESMP Report therefore provides a basis for managing environmental and social concerns associated with the implementation of the project for Reconductoring of existing TCN 132kV Transmission Lines along the following respective Transmission Line routes/ROWs: “Ikeja West – Alimosho” (≈ 7.7km), “Alimosho – Ogba” (≈ 8km), “Alaoji – Aba” (≈ 6.2km), “Aba – Itu” (≈ 75.9km), “Birnin Kebbi – Sokoto” (≈ 130 km), “Apo – Karu” (≈ 11.05 km), “Kumbotso – Katsina ” (≈ 173 km).

ESMP Objectives

The overall objective of the ESMP is to ensure project compliance with applicable national environmental and social legal requirements and the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguards. Further, the ESMP aims to identify environmental and socio-economic benefits of the project as well as the underlying potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. It describes measures to prevent,

13/93 minimize, mitigate and or compensate for identified potential environmental and social impacts within the framework of Environmental, Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) and Community Health and Safety.

ESMP Methodology

Field visits and investigations were conducted and information from readily available technical/baseline data concerning the project elements at the project areas were detailed for use in preparing the ESMP. National and International Standards, Regulations, Policies and Laws on Environmental and Social Safeguards were also considered in preparing this ESMP. The literature review included earlier related reports as well as web based resources, which helped in assessing: - The environmental and socio-economic characteristics of the project area, - Project background and proposed interventions, - The Nigerian legislation and the World Bank safeguard policies related to the project, - Environmental and social standards and guidelines for related environmental and social issues.

Applicable E&S Requirements

The ESMF for NEGIP covers in detail the applicable E&S requirements, in summary as follows: - National Regulations The Nigerian Environment Law, including Federal Laws of the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.), is comprehensive, covering the main issues relevant to environmental protection and law enforcement and addressing environmental issues that may arise therefrom, World Bank Operational Policies The Operational Policy (Op) triggered by the proposed project is “Environmental Assessment” (OP/BP 4.01). OP 4.01 advises borrowers to use the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines as the basis for workplace health and safety standards and ambient environmental quality standards. Two EHS guidelines are relevant to NEGIP: the General Guidelines and the sector-specific Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution.

Where the host country’s regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the World Bank Operational Policies and the EHS Guidelines, projects will be required to achieve whichever is more stringent. This also applies if there are differences between Federal and State standards, the sterner standard must be followed.

Also triggered is OP/BP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement) since the Right of Way (ROW) of some of the lines selected for the project have been significantly encroached upon by squarters. The implementation of this project will require the removal of some of these developments (crops and structures) within the ROW thus resulting in involuntary resettlement.

14/93 OP 4.12 requires borrowers to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and, where this is not feasible, assist displaced persons in improving or at least restoring their livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

Project Locations and Scope/Description

The 132kV Transmission Lines Reconductoring Projects for the selected line routes/circuits covered by this ESMP Report under NEGIP are located at: Ikeja-West, Alimosho and Ogba (Lagos State), Alaoji and Aba (Abia State), Itu (Akwa Ibom), Birnin Kebbi (Kebbi State), Sokoto (Sokoto State), Apo and Karu (Abuja FCT), Kumbotso (Kano State) and Kaatsina (Kaduna State), Central Area (Abuja FCT) and Kankiya (Katsina State), respectively. (See table below for detailed summary):

15/93 Project Line Route Location/Ambient Project Scope/Description Identified Environmental/Social Observed Social Status (as at Title /Capacity Settlement Issues along the line route time of site visit)

Between Ayobo and • Decommissioning of and re- • Difficulties in having access to • Relative peace exists within 2 Alimosho towns. drumming of 7.7km 250mm TCN facilities due to: the project area,  Compactness and poor Situated in Ikeja LGA Bear Conductor and replacing of • There is a general awareness state of existing road and lies within same with greater heat resistant/ awareness among the locals 2 network systems, coordinates 6°36'14″N/ higher Capacity 410mm GAP about the illegalities of Ikeja West - Conductor  Undulating terrain, Alimosho 132kV 3°14'53″E & encroaching the existing 6°36'16″N/3°17'13″E in  TCN facilities fenced into ROW for the Project . DC private properties, the tropical savanna belt of Nigeria. • Relocation of Squatters,

Ambient settlement is • Traffic disruptions. completely built up and densely Populated.

Between Alimosho and • Decommissioning of and re- • Difficulties in having access to • Relative peace exists within Ogba towns. drumming of 8km 250mm2 Bear TCN facilities due to: the project area, Conductor and replacing of same Traverses Alimosho and  Compactness and poor • There is a general awareness with greater heat resistant/ higher Agege LGAs and lies state of existing road among the locals about the Capacity 410mm2 GAP within coordinates network systems, illegalities of encroaching the Conductor Alimosho – Ogba 6°36'16N″/3°17'13″E &  Undulating terrain, existing ROW for the Project.

132kV SC 6°37'6″N/3°20'8″E in  TCN facilities fenced into the tropical savanna belt private properties,

of Nigeria. • Relocation of Squatters, Ambient settlement is • Traffic disruptions, completely built up and densely Populated.

Between Alaoji and Ab•a Decommissioning of and re- • Difficulties in having access to • Relative peace exists within towns. drumming of 75.9km 150mm2 the project area, : Existing : 132kV Transmission Reconductoring. Line TCN facilities due to: Wolf Aluminium Conductor and  Compactness and poor • There is a general awareness Alaoji – Aba Traverses Ugwunagbo replacing of same with greater state of existing road among the locals about the GIP 132kV SC and Aba South LGAs and heat resistant/ higher Capacity network systems, illegalities of encroaching the 2 lies within coordinates 410mm GAP Conductor  TCN facilities fenced into existing ROW for the Project. NE 5°3'13″N/7°19'25″E & private properties, 5°5'59″N/7°21'20″E in

16/93 the tropical rain forest • Relocation of Squatters, belt of Nigeria. • Traffic disruptions. Ambient settlement is completely built up and densely Populated.

Between Aba and Itu • Decommissioning of and re- • Difficulties in having access to • Relative peace exists within 2 towns. drumming of 75.9km 150mm TCN facilities due to: the project area,

Wolf Aluminium Conductor and  TCN facilities fenced into • There is a general awareness Traverses Aba South replacing of same with greater (Abia State) and Ini, private properties, awareness among the locals heat resistant/ higher Capacity  Undulating/precarious about the illegalities of Ikono, Ikot Ekpene and 185mm2 GAP-Lyns Conductor Itu (Akwa Ibom State) terrain, encroaching the existing ROW for the Project. LGAs, respectively and • Relocation of Squatters, lies within coordinates 5°5'59″N/7°21'20″E & • Traffic disruptions.

Aba – Itu 132kV 5°9'43″N/7°59'39″E in the tropical rain forest SC belt of Nigeria.

Greater of the line part traverses long stretches (≈ 85%) of undeveloped forest land, while the ambient settlement in some of the towns traversed are completely built up and densely Populated.

17/93

Between Birnin Kebbi • Decommissioning of and re- • Difficulties in having access to • Relative peace exists within and Sokoto towns. drumming of 8km 150mm2 Bear TCN facilities due to: the project area, Conductor and replacing of same Traverses Birnin Kebbi,  TCN facilities fenced into • There is awareness among the with greater heat resistant/ higher Gwandu, Argungu (Kebbi private properties, locals about the illegalities of Capacity 150mm2 GAP State) and Tambuwal, encroaching the existing Conductor Yabo, Bodinga and • Relocation of Squatters, ROW for the Project.

Sokoto (Sokoto State) LGAs, respectively and • Traffic disruptions. lies within coordinates 12°26'12″N/5°4'60″E & 13°1'42″N/5°12'26″E Birnin Kebbi – within the dry Sahel belt Sokoto 132kV SC of Nigeria.

A greater part of the line traverses long stretches of undeveloped open flatlands (≈ 94%), while the ambient settlement in some of the towns traversed are partially built-up and scantly populated, except in the major towns, which are densely populated.

Between Apo and Karu• Decommissioning of and re- • Difficulties in having access to • Relative peace exists within townships. drumming of 11.05km 150mm2 TCN facilities due to: the project area,

Wolf Conductor and replacing of  Undulating terrain, Situated in Abuja same with greater heat resistant/ • There is awareness among the Apo – Karu Municipal Council lies 2 • Relocation of Squatters, locals about the illegalities of higher Capacity 240mm GAP within coordinates 132kV SC Conductor • Traffic disruptions, encroaching the existing 9.001°N/7.491E & ROW for the Project. 8°59'90″N/7°34'19.3″E •

in the guinea savanna zone of Nigeria.

18/93 Ambient settlement is completely built up and densely Populated.

Between Kumbotso and• Decommissioning of and re- • Difficulties in having access to • Relative peace exists within Katsina towns. drumming of 8km 150mm2 Bear TCN facilities due to: the project area, Conductor and replacing of same  TCN facilities fenced into • There is awareness among the Traverses Kumbotso, with greater heat resistant/ higher private properties, locals about the illegalities of 2 Bichi, Dawakin Tofa and Capacity 150mm GAP encroaching the existing • Relocation of Squatters, Tssanyawa (Kano State) Conductor ROW for the Project. & Kankiya, • Traffic disruptions. Charanchi,Batarawa and Katsina (Katsina State) LGAs, respectively and lies within coordinates 11°55'35″N/8°28'32″E & Kumbotso - 12°58'7″N/7°50'3″E in Kaduna 132kV the dry savanna belt of SC Nigeria.

A greater part of th line traverses long stretches (≈ 90%) of undeveloped open flatlands, while the ambient settlement in some of the towns traversed are partially built-up and scantly populated, except in the major towns, which are densely populated.

19/93 Summary of Audit Findings • The existing 132kV transmission lines traverse a number of built up areas along their courses, • Most of the existing transmission lines are older than the surrounding settlements, • Access to some of TCN equipment (i.e. transmission towers and lines) is difficult because they have been fenced into private properties, • Access to some of TCN equipment is also hindered by poor road networks and difficult terrain, • High incidences of encroachment along the line route in the built up areas, • There is presence of squatters right within tower bases, • Due to development growth and population expansion, the demand for electricity in the selected project areas has vastly increased, and • Monitoring of the transmission line ROWS is inadequate and irregular.

Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Proposed Transmission lines Reconductoring Projects

Potential Impacts associated with the Reconductoring project include: 1. Risk associated with poor management of generated waste, 2. Emissions from equipment/ vehicles, 3. Noise pollution during project implementation, 4. Health and Safety, 5. Socioeconomic (Impacts on traffic), 6. Power outages, 7. Electrocution, 8. Social (Transmission of communicable diseases from social interactions between TCN Staff, Contract workers and the host communities), 9. Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) resulting from a largely male workforce located within or near the selected project areas, 10. Theft of project materials/equipment.

A detailed list of the potential associated impacts of the proposed projects under NEGIP and the recommended mitigation measures is provided in Table 6.3.1.

Implementation/Monitoring Plan

The ESMP will be implemented on site by all responsible parties and a monthly report shall be submitted through the management structure of the project for management review and close-out function, guided by an Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Matrix.

The Project Implimentation Team (PIT) shall strictly comply with the provisions of this ESMP and operate a monitoring programme that would enhance sustainable project-environment relationship. This will be strengthened with the occasional monitoring visits of the ERSU-PMU. The monitoring programme shall commence from site preparation through implementation to commissioning stages, in order to keep track of the entire project activities and performance. The programme will provide information on impacts compared with prediction and by doing so provide advance warning of any adverse changes in both the environmental and socio economic developments.

20/93 Stakeholder Consultations

During assessment of the environmental status of ROWs for the selected Transmission Lines, consultations were limited to the TCN staff of the substations maintaining the transmission lines at this stage.

A broader set of consultations at each of the project sites will be held with Identified Key/Relevant stakeholders, just before, during and at the close of the project to ensure a smooth implementation of the project.

Conclusion

The various Circuits selected for implementation of the proposed Line Reconductoring under NEGIP will involve replacement of the old existing Transmission conductors with higher capacity transmission/heat resistant conductors.

The ERSU_PMU has prepared this ESMP, with guidance from the safeguards team of the World Bank, to highlight the existing environmental and social conditions at the respective sites and the potential environmental and social impacts associated with the proposed rehabilitation/reinforcement projects. Using the relevant environmental laws of Nigeria and the Safeguards Policies of the World Bank, this ESMP proffers appropriate mitigation measures and assigns responsibilities as well as costs to the tasks required for the sustainable implementation of the projects. All these will be of no use if timely and effective monitoring is not done to ensure compliance with the recommendations.

An estimated cost of USD 1, 498,800 is proposed for the mitigation of the potential impacts associated with the Reconductoring project.

In conclusion, therefore, safeguards enforcement/monitoring of these projects is key to ensuring the sustainable implementation of the proposed projects if the development objective of the World Bank must be met as far as this project (under NEGIP) is concerned.

21/93 1.0 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The Federal Government of Nigeria, through TCN, is taking steps to improve efficiency, reliability and sustainability of the Electricity Industry, while at the same time striving to service, qualitatively, as many users as possible with the ultimate goal of stimulating Socio-Economic activities within the country and beyond. In this regard, the World Bank has granted the Federal Government a Credit under the “Nigeria Electricity and Gas Improvement Project (NEGIP)”, part of which is to be used for funding the Rehabilitation/Reinforcement and Upgrading of Transmission facilities nationwide. The proposed project “Transmission Line Reconductoring” is aimed at addressing transmission deficiencies in some critical areas where demand for electricity have markedly increase as a result of rapid urban development.

The procurement of the materials required for the proposed rehabilitation job will be done following laid down World Bank procurement guidelies but the actual rehabilitation works will be be executed by TCN Engineers who have significant expertise and experience in this area. Implementation of this project may entail relocating people that have encroached upon the ROW of the existing transmission lines to be reconductored thus leading to resettlement of people, loss of assets or access to resources and consequently loss of income or means of livelihood.

To mitigate the negative impacts of the project on people and their assets therefore, Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) would be prepared for sub-projects (i.e. each of the selected sites) under this project that may result in involuntary resettlement.

A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for NETAP has earlier been prepared and disclosed in compliance with regulations of the Federal Government of Nigeria and the appropriate World Bank Safeguards Policies (OP/BP 4.12)

This ESMP therefore provides a basis for managing environmental and social concerns associated with the implementation of the project for Reconductoring of existing TCN 132kV Transmission Lines along the following respective Transmission Line routes/ROWs: “Ikeja West – Alimosho” (≈ 7.7km), “Alimosho – Ogba” (≈ 8km), “Alaoji – Aba” (≈ 6.2km), “Aba – Itu” (≈ 75.9km), “Birnin Kebbi – Sokoto” (≈ 130 km), “Apo – Karu” (≈ 11.05 km) and “Kumbotso – Katsina” (≈ 173 km).

1.2 Project Locations

The 132kV Transmission Lines covered by this ESMP under NEGIP are located at: Ikeja-West, Alimosho and Ogba (Lagos State), Alaoji and Aba (Abia State), Itu (Akwa Ibom), Birnin Kebbi (Kebbi State), Sokoto (Sokoto State), Apo and Karu (Abuja FCT), Kumbotso (Kano State) and Katsina (Katsina State), Central Area (Abuja FCT) and Kankia (Katsina State), respectively.

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Figure 1.2.1: TCN 132kV Transmission Lines Grid Map of Nigeria highlighting the proposed 132kV transmission lines selected for the Transmission Line Rehabilitation Project, underNEGIP.

Figure 1.2.2a: Satelite Image indicating Ikeja West – Alimosho 132kV Transmission Line.

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Figure 1.2.2b: Satelite Image indicating Alimosho-Ogba 132kV Transmission Line.

Figure 1.2.2c: Satelite Image indicating Ikeja West – Alimosho - Ogba 132kV Transmission Line.

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Figure 1.2.3a: Satelite Image indicating Alaoji – Aba 132kV Transmission Line.

Figure 1.2.3b: Satelite Image indicating Aba-Itu 132kV Transmission Line.

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Figure 1.2.3c: Satelite Image indicating Alaoji – Aba – Itu 132kV Transmission Line.

Figure 1.2.4a: Satellite Image indicating Kumbotso-Kankiya 132kV Transmission Line.

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Figure 1.2.4b: Satellite Image indicating Kankiya-Katsina 132kV Transmission Line.

Figure 1.2.4c: Satellite Image indicating Kankiya-Katsina 132kV Transmission Line.

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Figure 1.2.5: Satellite Image indicating Apo - Karu 132kV Transmission Line.

Figure 1.2.6: Satellite Image indicating Birnin Kebbi - Sokoto 132kV Transmission Line.

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1.3 ESMP Objectives

The objectives of this ESMP are to identify the environmental and social impacts associated with the proposed Transmission Line reconductoring projects and to proffer appropriate mitigation measures to ensure compliance with relevant environmental and social policies of the Federal Ministry of Environment and the World Bank. In doing this the document also higlights the gains of the successful impemetation of the projects and also recommends addional interventions that will add safeguards value to the entire project.

To mitigate the adverse impacts and enhance project benefits the ESMP describes measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate and or compensate for adverse environmental and social impacts. The ESMP is specifically providing the following:

• Assessment of the baseline environmental and social situation of the Site and the surrounding area (including auditing the existing facility), • Assessment of the potential environmental and social impacts of different project components and subcomponents during project implementation, • Proposed measures that may be adopted to mitigate negative impacts, enhance positive impacts and achieve overall improved management of environmental and social challenges and opportunities. • A guide towards ensuring compliance of the rehabilitation process with pertinent national regulations and World Bank safeguard policy (Whenever there is a discrepancy between national and international requirements, the more stringent ones will be considered)

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) provides a logical framework within which identified negative environmental and socio–economic impacts can be mitigated and monitored. In addition, the ESMP assigns responsibilities of actions to various actors and provides a timeframe within which mitigation measures and monitoring can be done.

The ESMP covers information on the management and/or mitigation measures that will be taken into consideration to address impacts in respect of the project life cycle.

Mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP are designed to bring the project into full compliance with pertinent national laws and regulations as well as World Bank safeguard operational policies, and IFC Environmental Health and Safety guidelines. These Guidelines cover the following elements:

• Environment • Occupational Health and Safety • Community Health and Safety

World Bank Operational policies are designed to ensure that World Bank-financed projects are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable, and that potential negative environmental and social impacts are avoided wherever possible, and/or mitigated.

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1.4 Methodology/Approach

The preparation of this ESMP involved identification and compilation of readily available technical data and information concerning the project elements and the project areas. In addition, field visits and investigations, including interviews and discussions, were conducted to allow preparing the ESMP with the least uncertainties.

The following standards, regulations, and laws to ensure full compliance were considered in prepareing this ESMP:

• Nigerian Environmental Impact Assessment Decree No. 86 of 1992 • The regulations, guidelines and standards of the Federal Ministry of Power as it concerns high voltage power transmission in Nigeria, • The regulations, guidelines and standards of the Federal Ministry of Environment concerning power generation and transmission activities in Nigeria, • The regulations, guidelines and standards of the Lagos, Abia, Akwa Ibom, Kano and Katsina States’ respective Ministries of Environment on environmental protection, • The regulations, guidelines and standards of the Abuja Environmental Protection Board (AEPB) for Central Area Abuja FCT, • All International Conventions/Treaties on Environmental Protection to which Nigeria is party, • The Corporate and Operational Policies of the Transmission Company of Nigeria, • Electricity Law related to the right of way and the public electricity connections • The World Bank safeguards Operational Policy OP 4.01 on Environmental Impact Assessment, • The World Bank safeguards Operational Policy OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. • World Bank Group Environmental and, Health and Safety guidelines.

1.5 Impact Characterization, Categorization & Magnitude

The various impacts associated with the reconductoring projects proposed for Ikeja West – Alimosho, Alimosho – Ogba, Alaoji – Aba, Aba – Itu, Birnin Kebbi – Sokoto, Apo – Karu and Kumbotso – Katsina 1323kV transmission lines are characterized as either positive or negative, direct or indirect, immediate or long-term to depict the level of their importance and probability of occurrence during project implementation. Additional description of these impacts is also provided based on their reversibility or otherwise.

1.5.1 Impact Magnitude

The impacts resulting as a direct consequence of the project activities are categorized as positive or negative impacts; the latter is further analyzed and its magnitude assessed as: - Negligible – No anticipated change to the baseline environment, - Low – Minor anticipated change to the baseline environment, - Medium – Moderate anticipated change to the baseline environment, - High – Significant anticipated change to the baseline environment, 30/93

(Medium and High impacts usually cause a major temporary variance to the baseline conditions or a long-term ongoing modification.) The main parameters are: • Duration - As the time duration of the impact increases, it is weighed more heavily (Special consideration is given to impacts that go beyond the project’s anticipated life-expectancy). • Time – The time of which an impact commences or occurs can be vital to Reconductoring project. • Spatial – The area impacted is to be considered, as some impacts may extend beyond the project’s boundaries or interfere with land regulations, etc. • Probability – The chance of an impact occurring and its frequency is to be assessed • Reversibility - The possibility and extent to which an impact can be intervened or mitigated for a factor to return to the Baseline environment • Compliance – National and international standards and regulations may dictate an impact’s maximum allowable consequence.

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2.0 CHAPTER TWO ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

It is a requisite of the World Bank that Investments which it finances comply with the host country’s national standards as well as other relevant International environmental and social policies. In addition to Nigerian legislations, the Project should address World Bank operational policy regarding environmental and social issues as it covers the requirements of many of the financing institutions.

When the host country’s regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the World Bank operation policies, projects will be required to achieve whichever is more stringent. This also applies if there are differences between Federal and State standards, the sterner standard must be followed.

2.1. National Legal Framework

The national environmental regulatory framework applicable to Electrical Energy Transmission projects includes the following laws and decrees:

2.1.1 National Environmental Laws The Nigerian Environment Laws which is midwifed by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.) covers the main issues relevant to environmental protection and law enforcement. Among the objectives of Nigeria’s National Environmental Laws are:

• Protecting the environment from all sorts and types of pollution • Protecting public health and social welfare • Incorporating environmental resources protection in all social and economic Developmental Plans and promoting sustainable development to protect the rights of future generations; • Conserving ecologically sensitive areas, protecting biodiversity, and rehabilitating environmentally damaged areas;

The Nigerian Environmental Laws also address various environmental issues including:

• Management and protection of various resources. Issues covered are related to land environment, air environment, water resources and aquatic environment, natural, archeological, and historical heritage protection. • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and auditing, permitting of development projects, monitoring of environmental resources and their parameters. • Penalties to be applied in case of violation of any article presented under the law. • Other issues addressed by the legislation include emergency preparedness, public participation, research training and public education.

2.1.2 State Regulations

• Lagos, Abia, Akwa Ibom, Kano and Katsina States’ and FCT Noise (Control) Edicts, • Lagos, Abia, Akwa Ibom, Kano and Katsina States’ Environmental Protection Agency Edicts, • Abuja Environmental Protection Board Law.

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2.2. International Safeguards Policies/Standards

Table 2.2.1: World Bank Operational Policies (OPs)

OB/PB Safeguard Policy Objective

4.01 Environmental Help ensure the environmental and social soundness and Assessment* sustainability of investment projects. Support integration of environmental and social aspects of projects in the decision- making process.

4.04 Natural Habitats* Promote environmentally sustainable development by supporting the protection, conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions.

4.09 Pest Management Minimize and manage the environmental and health risks associated with pesticide use and promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management.

4.10 Indigenous Peoples* Design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for indigenous peoples’ dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness and so that they (1) receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits, and (2) do not suffer adverse effects during the development process.

4.11 Physical Cultural Assist in preserving PCR and in avoiding their destruction or Resources (PCR)* damage. PCR includes resources of archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, and religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance.

4.12 Involuntary Resettlement* Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and, where this is not feasible, assist displaced persons in improving or at least restoring their livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

4.36 Forests* Realize the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests.

4.37 Safety of Dams Ensure quality and safety in the design and construction of new dams and the rehabilitation of existing dams, and in carrying out activities that may be affected by an existing dam.

7.50 Projects on International Ensure that the international aspects of a project on an Waterways international waterway are dealt with at the earliest possible opportunity and that riparians are notified of the proposed project and its details.

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7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas Ensure that other claimants to the disputed area have no objection to the project, or that the special circumstances of the case warrant the Bank’s support of the project notwithstanding any objection or lack of approval by the other claimants.

Table 2.2.2: World Bank Operational Policies Triggered

Operational Policy 132kV Trx. Line Justification Triggered ROWS affected

Ikeja West - Alimosho, The Project will have both positive Environmental Assessment Alimosho - Ogba, and negative environmental/social (OP/BP 4.01) Alaoji - Aba, impacts on the environment that are Aba - Itu, reversible through the application of Apo - Karu relevant safeguard instruments. The Birnin Kebbi - Sokoto safeguard instrument required in this Kumbotso - Katsina case is this ESMP being prepared by the safeguards team of the PIU. It will be screened by the safeguards team of the Bank and cleared by the Fedral Ministry of Environment after undergoing the required disclosure process.

Ikeja West - Alimosho, The ROW of some of the selected Involuntary Resettlement Alimosho - Ogba, Transmission Lines scheduled for re- (OP/BP 4.12) Alaoji - Aba, conductoring under this project have Aba - Itu, been significantly encroached upon. It Apo - Karu will be necesay, in some cases, to Birnin Kebbi - Sokoto relocate the squatters from the ROW Kumbotso - Katsina of these lines to further eliminate or minimize the risk of accidents in the course of carrying out the rehabilitation works. This might lead to displacement of persons, loss of livelihood, shelter or restriction of access to means of livelihood. .

World Bank Group EHS Guidelines The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are acceptable to the World Bank and are generally considered to be achievable within existing facilities - at reasonable costs, using existing technology which generally covers four areas of international good practice, namely: • Environmental; • Occupational Health & Safety (OHS); 34/93

• Community Health & Safety (CHS) and • Construction and Decommissioning.

The Guidelines also address the occupational and community health and safety hazards during the construction, operation, and decommissioning of Power Transmission projects. The occupational health and safety hazards may include physical hazards such as working at heights, working with live power, and exposure to chemicals. According to the guidelines the major community health and safety hazards are aircraft safety, electrocution, and electromagnetic interference. As stated in WBG General EHS guideline, when host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. The following tables present WBG threshold for pertinent impacts:

Table 2.2.3: Maximum permissible limit for noise intensity (World Bank requirements) Requirements of WB

Receptor One hour LAeq(dBA)

Day time 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. Night time 10 p.m.to 7 a.m.

Residential 55 45 Noise Industrial 70 70

Table 2.2.4: Standards and Limits for Noise Levels in the Work Environment World Bank Requirements

Location Equivalent level Maximum /activity LAeq,8h LAmax,fast Heavy Industry (no demand for oral 75 dB(A) 110 dB(A) communication)

Light industry (decreasing demand for oral 50-65 dB(A) 110 dB(A)

communication) Noise Open offices, control rooms, service counters or 45-50 dB(A) N/A similar Individual offices (no disturbing noise) 40-45 dB(A) N/A Hospitals 30-35 dB(A) 40 dB(A)

Table 2.2.5: Standards for ambient air quality World Bank Requirements (µg/m3)

Ambient air parameters Ambient air pollutants threshold

according to WHO

Exposure period 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year

alit Air Air

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Carbon monoxide CO µg/m3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 Sulfur dioxide SO2 µg/m N/A N/A 125 N/A

3 Nitrogen oxides NOx µg/m 200 N/A N/A 40

3 Particulates PM10 µg/m N/A N/A 150 70

3 Particulates PM2.5 µg/m N/A N/A N/A N/A

TSP µg/m3 N/A N/A 230 80

Ozone N/A 160 100 N/A

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3.0 CHAPTER THREE

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

3.1. RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1.1. TCN/PMU

The PMU shall retain the primary responsibility of ensuring that environmental and social commitments are met throughout the project lifespan.

The TCN Environment Health and Safety (HSE) Department, through its Regional offices shall also enforce safeguard compliance during the project’s implementation. It is expected that there would be at least one HSE staff in each of the sites where the reconductoring projects are being implemeted.

The Project implementation Organogram defining the line of Communication for the proposed Transmission Line Reconductoring Project is as highlighted below:

Table 3.1.1: ESMP IMPLEMENTATION RESPONSIBILITIES IMPLEMENTING OFFICES DURING PROJECT AFTER PROJECT • Management support and • Policy formulation and implementation, enforcement of TCN Head Quarters • Training and capacity implementation, building • Trainning and capacity building, • Training and capacity PMU building • Consultations, Monitoring ERSU (PMU) and enforcement, • Reporting • Consultations, • Maintenance, Implementation and TCN Region enforcement, • Reporting.

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ORGANOGRAM

ABRIDGED ORGANOGRAM OF THE TSP SHOWING THE CURRENT STRUCTURE OF THE ERSU- PMU AND THE HSE- TCN

MD/CEO TCN

GM HSE (HQ) Programme Coord. (PIUs)

Coord. ESM (TREP) Other HSE - HQ HSE – Trx. Regions Other PIUs • AGM (CR&E) • Lagos • AfDB PM PMU (WBP) (TREP)

• PM Social • Shiroro • AFD • Port Harcout • JICA • SM Envt. • Mgr. Envt, • Benin

• Envt. Offr. • Bauchi Other PMU Desk Offr. (ERSU) • Kaduna • Procurement

• Oshogbo • Substations

• Lines

• SCADA

• Prj. Accountant •

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3.1.2. Consultant (Engineering/Environment and Social) For the purpose of this Project, TCN intends to implement the reconductoring works entirely with the employment of in-house manpower. However, with due consideration given to the conditions of parts of the project areas traversed by the existing 132kV transmission lines to be reconducted which are completely built-up, there will be need for the use of specialized equipment/technologies to carry out decommissioning of old conductors and restringing of the new ones.

Consequently, TCN is therefore obligated to engage the services of an experienced Engineering Consulting Firm whose responsibility it would be to train TCN Engineers on the use and application of these specialized line stringing equipment, especially in built up areas.

Also and very importantly, the services of an Environmental and Social Consultant shall be required to prepare detailed and Site-Specific Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) and a Grievance Mechanism , and to provide training in Safeguards Enforcement/Monitoring for selected TCN HSE Staff that will be part of the PIT.

3.1.3. World Bank The Bank shall review the step by step implementation of this ESMP through Monthly and quarterly monitoring reports to be submitted by the safeguards unit of PMU.

3.1.4. Community A Grievances redress mechanism shall be established for this project to help address complaints arising from the implementation of the project, especially issues pertaining to payment of compensation to PAPs.

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4.0 CHAPTER FOUR

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed projects will be carried out within TCN’s already existing Right of Way (ROW) with the employment of TCN “In-house” manpower. at the selected sites resulted from reallocations of NEGIP funds by TCN Management to address transmission deficiencies in some critical areas where demand for electricity have markedly increase as a result of rapid urban development.

An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for NEGIP have earlier been prepared and disclosed in compliance with regulations of the Federal Government of Nigeria and the appropriate World Bank Safeguards Policies.

The objectives of the Reconductoring projects, therefore, are mainly to: ➢ Improve the voltage level and system stability, ➢ Boost power wheeling capacity (present and future) to cope with increase in demand for electricity, resulting from rapid population growth and urban development, ➢ Increase revenue inflow for Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) with increased supply of reliable and quality electricity.

4.1 Project Scope

The Seven (7 No.) 132kV Transmission circuits proposed for the project are existing but very old transmission lines.

The quality and quantity of electricity and supply to the areas serviced by these lines have deteriorated over the years due to aging, low capacity of the existing transmission lines and continually increasing load demand of an ever increasing population and/or development.

The existing transmission lines have therefore become obsolete and over-stretched resulting in abnormally frequent system faults/failures and outages.

The scope of the project works on all of the Transmission lines is restricted to Reconductoring of the old existing transmission lines and shall include the following: • Removal of existing old 132kV conductors. • Replacement/Restringing with new 132kV conductors of higher electricity carrying capacity and heat resistance.

4.2 Project Implementation

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It is the intention of TCN to employ in-house (especially in the technical aspect with engagement of TCN engineers and technicians) manpower for the implementation of this Reconductoring project in all of the sites selected.

Also, due to the level of development and entrenched settlements in some of the areas traversed by the transmission lines, “Specialized” line Reconductoring/Restringing equipment (which enables simultaneous removal of existing and restringing with new conductors, thereby eliminating the need to drop the existing condouctors to the ground before restringing) will be used, especially in areas of established settlements/development.

4.2.1 Project Implementation Duration

The duration for the actual Reconductoring activities for the project is expected to vary from site to site because of the prevailing environmental/social situation peculiar to each project site, some of which include but not limited to the underlisted:

➢ The nature of terrain existing in the project area, ➢ Weather condition on the day, ➢ Level of development in the project area, ➢ Ready access to TCN equipment (i.e. transmission towers and lines), ➢ Effectiveness and efficiency of equipment to be used during project implementation, ➢ Cooperation from other key stakeholders (i.e. state and local authorities, host communities, DisCos, etc), ➢ Route length/Tower spans. It is also presumed that implementation of the reconductoring project will be carried out simultaneously at all of the project sites. Further discussions with some TCN engineers experienced in this type of endeavor revealed that it would take approximately 4 days (built up areas) and 2 days (unencumbered areas), respectively (other conditions as mentioned above duly considered, including site planning, stakeholder consultations, traffic control, outage taking, etc) to complete implementation of the Reconductoring the transmission lines on 10 spans of 132kV transmission towers (average span length ≈ 300m - 350m).

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5.0 CHAPTER FIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE/ FINDINGS ALONG THE EXISTING 132KV TRANSMISSION LINE ROW

This section highlights observed findings along the seven (7No) 132kVTransmission Lines’ respective Rights of Way (ROW) during the environmental assessments visits by PMU/TCN Safeguards team .

5.1. Ikeja West – Alimosho 132kV DC Transmission Line

5.1.1 Environmental/Social Baseline

5.1.1a Project Location Ikeja West - Alimosho 132kV DC transmission line (≈ 7.7km in length) is located in Lagos State, and traverses Ikeja and Alimosho LGAs, respectively.

The transmission line ROW lies within coordinates 6°36'14″N/ 3°14'53″E & 6°36'16″N/3°17'13″E in the tropical savanna belt of Nigeria.

5.1.1b Climate Lagos has a tropical wet and dry climate with two distinct rainy seasons; the more intense season occurs between April and July, with a milder one from October to November.

Lagos experiences a dry season (when it rains less than two days per month) during August and September, as well as between December and March, accompanied by Harmattan winds from the Sahara Desert, which are at their strongest from December to early February. The temperature range in Lagos is fairly small, generally staying between a high of 91°F (33°C) and low of 70°F (21°C). The hottest month is March, when average daytime temperatures reach 84°F (29°C), while July is the coldest month with an average temperature of 77°F (25°C).

The average annual relative humidity is 84.7% and the average monthly relative humidity ranges from 80% in March and 88% in June, with air often being saturated with water vapour, resulting in precipitation during the rainy season.

5.1.1c Land use/Socio-economic activities

Land-use in the project area is largely for residential, commercial and Industrial purposes. Economic activities in the area is characterized by high level commercialization with a preponderance of artisans.

5.2.1d Vegetation/ Fauna Two main vegetation types are identifiable in Lagos State: Swamp Forest of the coastal belt and dry lowland rain forest. The swamp forests in the state are a combination of mangrove forest and coastal vegetation developed under the brackish conditions of the coastal areas and the swamp of the freshwater lagoons and estuaries, however, the intense human activities in the project area have virtually eroded traces of the natural vegetation.

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5.2.1e Settlement Patterns The Project area lies within a compact urban setting, making up part of the larger urban conurbation of metropolitan Lagos.

5.1.2 Audit Findings along the ROW • Encroachment The whole length of the transmission line Right of Way (ROW), right from Ikeja-West Transmission Sub-region all the way to Alimosho Transmission Substation has been encroached upon.

- Structures: A substantial portion of the adjoining lands flanking the existing ROW, including the ROW have been completely built up (in some instances, with well tarred roads).

Various structures such as Schools, Churches, Residential buildings, Shops, Artisan Workshops, Mechanic Workshops, etc. all lie in breach of the ROW.

In some instances, some of the transmission towers were completely fenced into private properties (schools, churches and private residences).

- Squatters: Artisans engaged in block Making, Welding, Vehicle repairs as well as relaxation spots were the predominant Squatters noticeable encroaching on the ROW.

• Access to TCN Facilities - Due the intensity of encroachment and the compactness of structures, coupled with the buzz of activities within the ROW of the transmission lines, access to some of the TCN facilities has therefore become cumbersome and challenging.

Also, the terrain in some areas (with features like gullies, steep valleys and swamps) also makes it difficult for TCN facilities to be readily accessed.

Traffic Congestion and vehicular “Hold –ups” are other hindrances to be contended with in the project area.

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Plate 5.1.1 : Out-going 132kV Transmission Lines from Ikeja West Sub-Region Plate 5.1.2: Encroachment; Block making activities on-going within the ROW at (Ikeja West – Alimosho 132kV Trx. line – 2nd from right) – Ayobo Ayobo (notice: building under the 132kV Transmission lines) – Ayobo

Plate 5.1.3: : Encroachment; 132kV Transmission tower completely fenced in Plate 5.1.4: Encroachment; 132kV Transmission tower fenced into a private premise within a school premise - Alimosho. - Ayobo

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Plate 5.1.5: Encroachment; A 132kV Transmission tower standing flush in the Plate 5.1.6: Encroachment; Tomb stone on private property – close to base of middle of a busy road – Ayobo Transmission tower - Alimosho.

Plate 5.1.7: Squatters: Make-shift petty trade shops directly under the Ikeja Plate 5.1.8: Encroachment; Popular recreational spot directly under Ikeja West – West-Alimosho Ogba 132 kV Transmission Line. Alimosho 132kV Transmission. Line.

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5.2. Alimosho – Ogba 132kV DC Transmission Line

5.2.1 Environmental/Social Baseline

5.2.1a Project Location Alimosho - Ogba 132kV DC transmission line (≈ 8km in length) is located in Lagos State, within Agege LGA.

The transmission line ROW lies within coordinates coordinates coordinates 6°36'14″N/ 3°14'53″E & 6°36'16″N/3°17'13″E in the tropical savanna belt of Nigeria.

5.2.1b Climate Lagos has a tropical wet and dry climate with two distinct rainy seasons; the more intense season occurs between April and July, with a milder one from October to November.

The temperature range in Lagos is fairly small, generally staying between a high of 91°F (33°C) and low of 70°F (21°C). The hottest month is March, when average daytime temperatures reach 84°F (29°C), while July is the coldest month with an average temperature of 77°F (25°C).

The average annual relative humidity is 84.7% and the average monthly relative humidity ranges between 80% in March and 88% in June, with air often being saturated with water vapour, resulting in precipitation during the rainy season.

5.2.1c Land use/Socio-economic activities

5.2.1e Settlement Patterns The Project area lies within a compact urban setting, making up part of the larger urban conurbation of metropolitan Lagos.

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5.2.2 Audit Findings along the ROW • Encroachment The whole length of the transmission line Right of Way (ROW), from Alimosho 132/33kV, all the way to Ogba 132/33kV Transmission Substation has been encroached upon.

- Structures: A substantial portion of the adjoining lands flanking the existing ROW, including the ROW have been completely built up (in some instances, with well tarred roads).

Various structures such as Schools, Churches, Residential buildings, Shops, Artisan Workshops, Mechanic Workshops, etc. all lie in breach of the ROW.

In some instances, some of the transmission towers were completely fenced into private properties (schools, churches and private residences).

- Squatters: Artisans engaged in block Making, Welding, Vehicle repairs as well as relaxation spots were the predominant Squatters noticeable encroaching on the ROW.

Also, the terrain in some areas (with features like gullies, steep valleys and swamps) also makes it difficult for TCN facilities to be readily accessed.

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Plate 5.2.1: Tower maintenance; Tower base overtaken by dense overgrowth Plate 5.2.2: Encroachment; Church building in breach of the ROW – Alimosho

(Tower2 Behind Alimosho 132/33kV Transmission Substation).

Plate 5.2.3: Encroachment; Car wash operators under the 132kV line – along Ipaja Plate 5.2.4: Encroachment; Muslim “Call to prayer” Platform close to 132kV road. transmission tower base - Agege

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Plate 5.2.5: Squatters; Mechanic workshop at the base of transmission tower Plate 5.2.6: Squatters; Welding activities going on within the base of the - Agege.

transmission tower - Agege.

Plate 5.2.7: Encroachment: ; 132kV Transmission tower fenced into a Church Plate 5.2.8: Encroachment; Work camp of a Construction company involved with premise. intense road reconstruction works - Agege

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5.3. Alaoji – Aba 132kV SC Transmission Line

5.3.1 Environmental/Social Baseline

5.3.1a Project Location Alaoji - Aba 132kV DC transmission line (≈ 6.2km in length) is located in Abia State, traversing Ugwunagbo and Aba South LGAs, respectively.

The transmission line ROW lies within coordinates coordinates 6°36'16N″/3°17'13″E & 6°37'6″N/3°20'8″E in the tropical savanna belt of Nigeria.

5.3.1b Climate As is typical of the rain-forest belt within which the proposed project sites lie, average daily maximum temperature is about 28.4OC with daily minimum not falling below 24 OC. The seasonal variation is small, being about 10 OF between the hottest and the coldest months, which are March and August, respectively. Rainfall is seasonal with no distinct dry season because of the monthly rainfall all year round, but the period of increased rainfall extends from April to October, with a short ‘dry season’ in August, usually referred to as ‘August break’.

Relative humidity ranges between 80% and 100%, with air often being saturated with water vapour, resulting in precipitation during the rainy season.

5.3.1c Vegetation/ Fauna The vegetative cover is characterized with rich dense forest comprising of various species of trees and plants some of which include; oaks, teak, palms, Acacia, Rubber etc.

5.3.1d Settlement Patterns The settlement patterns within the Project area is basically Linear (concentrated along major roads), with pockets of nucleated settlements situated around established and developing industrial sites and farm settlements

5.3.1e Land use/Socio-economic activities

The Land-use pattern is basically agricultural. There are vast Plantations of rubber, cassava, Oil palm, plantains, maize, etc, within the project area and the predominant occupation is farming and very high level of commerce and petty trading.

5.3.2 Audit Findings along the ROW • Encroachment The whole length of the transmission line Right of Way (ROW), from Alaoji Transmission Sub-region all the way to Aba Transmission Substation has been encroached upon.

- Structures: A substantial portion of the adjoining lands flanking the existing ROW, including the ROW have been completely built up.

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Various structures such as Schools, Churches, Residential buildings, Shops, Artisan Workshops, Mechanic Workshops, etc. all lie in breach of the ROW.

- Squatters: Artisans engaged in Welding and Vehicle repairs were the predominant Squatters noticeable encroaching on the ROW.

Also, the terrain in some areas (with features like gullies, steep valleys and swamps) also makes it difficult for TCN facilities to be readily accessed.

Traffic Congestion, vehicular “Hold –ups”, compact roads are other hinderrances to be contended with in the project area.

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Plate 5.3.1: Out-going 132kV Transmission Lines from Alaoji Sub-Region Plate 5.3.2: Encroachment; Commercial buildings within the ROW - Aba

Plate 5.3.3: Squatters; Make-shift auto mechanic workshops under the Plate 5.3.4: Encroachment; Residetial buildings within the ROW - Aba Transmission line ROW - Alaoji.

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Plate 5.3.5: Squatters; Petty trading on-going under the ROW – Aba Plate 5.3.6: Encroachment; Industrial building/artisans directly In breach of the

ROW (directly under the 132kV transmission line) - Aba.

Plate 5.3.7: Squatters: Tower base used as Mechanic’s storage – Aba Plate 5.3.8: Encroachment; Petrol Station directly under the ROW – Aba

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5.4. Aba – Itu 132kV SC Transmission Line

5.4.1 Environmental/Social Baseline

5.4.1a Project Location Aba - Itu 132kV DC transmission line (≈ 75.9km in length) traverses Aba South (Abia State) and Ini, Ikono, Ikot Ekpene and Itu (Akwa Ibom State) LGAs, respectively.

The transmission line ROW lies within coordinates 5°5'59″N/7°21'20″E & 5°9'43″N/7°59'39″E in the tropical rain forest belt of Nigeria.

5.4.1b Climate As is typical of the rain-forest belt within which the proposed project sites lie, average daily maximum temperature is about 28.4OC with daily minimum not falling below 24 OC. The seasonal variation is small, being about 10 OF between the hottest and the coldest months, which are March and August, respectively. Rainfall is seasonal with no distinct dry season because of the monthly rainfall all year round, but the period of increased rainfall extends from April to October, with a short ‘dry season’ in August, usually referred to as ‘August break’.

Relative humidity ranges between 80% and 100%, with air often being saturated with water vapour, resulting in precipitation during the rainy season.

5.4.1c Vegetation/ Fauna The vegetative cover is characterized with rich dense forest comprising of various species of trees and plants some of which include; oaks, teak, palms, Acacia, Rubber etc.

5.4.1d Settlement Patterns The settlement patterns within the Project area is basically Linear (concentrated along major roads), with pockets of nucleated settlements situated around established and developing industrial sites and farm settlements

5.4.1e Land use/Socio-economic activities

5.4.2 Audit Findings along the ROW • Encroachment Some sections of the ROW of the transmission line has been developed, especially near major settlments, but a larger part (about 85%) is only overgrown with schrubs and trees characteristic of the natural environment of the area.

- Structures:

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A substantial portion of the adjoining lands flanking the existing ROW, including the ROW have been completely built up.

Various structures such as Schools, Churches, Residential buildings, Shops, Artisan Workshops, Mechanic Workshops, etc. all lie in breach of the ROW.

In some instances, some of the transmission towers were completely fenced into private properties (schools, churches and private residences).

- Squatters:

Artisans engaged in vehicle repairs as well as petty traders were the predominant Squatters noticeable encroaching the along the ROW.

-Farming Activities: Farming of seasonal crops (mainly cassava and maize) along the ROW (in pockets), was noticeable.

• Access to TCN Facilities - Due the intensity of encroachment and the compactness of structures, coupled with the buzz of activities within the ROW of the transmission lines (in the built up areas), access to some of the TCN facilities has therefore become cumbersome and challenging.

Also, the terrain in some areas (with features like gullies, steep valleys and swamps) also makes it difficult for TCN facilities to be readily accessed.

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Plate 5.4.1: Encroachment; Dilapidated building under the 132kV Transmission Plate 5.4.2: Encroachment; Private property in breach of the ROW – Ikot Ekpene.

Line – Aba

Plate 5.4.3: Squatters; Land prepared in readiness for farming season. Plate 5.4.4: Undulating terrain; 132kV Line traversing undulating terrain – Ikot

Abak

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Plate 5.4.5: Encroachment; Transmission tower completely fenced in, within Plate 5.4.6: Squatters; Petty trading kiosk inside the base of a transmission tower- Church Premise - Ikot Ekpene Aba.

Plate 5.4.7: Encroachment; Residential building in breach of the ROW Plate 5.4.8: Tower Safety; Unhealthy and illegal use of tower base as waste dump – Ikot Ekpene. site (including“human Waste”) – Aba

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5.5. Birnin Kebbi – Sokoto 132kV SC Transmission Line

5.5.1 Environmental/Social Baseline

5.5.1a Project Location

Birnin Kebbi - Sokoto 132kV SC transmission line (≈ 130 km in lentgh) traverses Birnin Kebbi, Gwandu, Argungu (Kebbi State) and Tambuwal, Yabo, Bodinga and Sokoto (Sokoto State) LGAs,, respectively.

The transmission line ROW lies within coordinates 12°26'12″N/5°4'60″E & 13°1'42″N/5°12'26″E within the dry Sahel belt of Nigeria.

5.5.1b Climate

Kebbi and Sokoto States experience a Tropical Continental type of climate. This is largely controlled by two air masses, namely Tropical Maritime and Tropical Continental, blowing from the Atlantic and the Sahara Desert respectively. These air masses determine the two dominant wet and dry seasons experienced in the area.

The wet season lasts from April to October in the south and May to September in the north; while the dry season lasts for the remaining period of the year. Mean annual rainfall is about 800mm in the north and 1000mm in the south.

Temperatures in the state typically range between 24⁰C to 39⁰C with a mean annual temperature of about 26⁰C. However, during the harmattan period (December to February) the temperature can fall as low as 21⁰C and is highest during the months of April to June though night temperatures are generally lower.

Relative humidity is generally low (40 %) for most of the year except during the wet season when it reaches an average of 80%.

5.5.1c Vegetation/ Fauna The natural vegetation of the State consists of a Northern Guinea Savannah in the south and southeast which is characterised by medium sized trees such as Parkia Clappertoniana (locust bean tree) and Bytyrosfperrrium (Shea butter tree) species. In the north, the Sudan Savannah consists of open woodland with scattered trees such as acacia aibi da (gawo in local dialect), Parkia Clappertoniana, Porassus and dum palms.

5.5.1d Settlement Patterns Over 80% of the State’s population resides in the rural area and the settlement patterns within the Project area are basically Nucleated (majorly), while there are also pockets of Linear settlements and Dispersed settlements are discernable.

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The Land-use pattern is basically agricultural, whereby farming of crops such as cereals/grains (i.e. maize, millet, rice, wheat, sorghum, etc.) is very prominent in the state. Also fishing is an important endeavor in the states.

The predominant occupation the state is farming, trading and commerce.

5.5.2 Audit Findings along the ROW • Encroachment - Sections of the ROW of the transmission line, especially near settlements, have been ecnsroached upon but the larger part (≈ 94%) is overgrown with schrubs and trees . Structures: A substantial portion of the adjoining lands flanking the existing ROW, including the ROW have been completely built up.

Various structures such as Schools, Churches, Residential buildings, Shops, Artisan Workshops, Mosques, etc. all lie in breach of the ROW.

In some instances, some of the transmission towers were completely fenced into private properties (schools, churches and private residences).

- Squatters:

Artisans engaged in vehicle repairs as well as petty traders were the predominant Squatters noticeable encroaching the along the ROW.

-Farming Activities: Farming of seasonal crops (mainly cassava and maize) along the ROW (in pockets), was noticeable.

• Access to TCN Facilities - Access to TCN facilities is relatively easy (except in the built up areas) as most of the transmission lines traverse long stretches of open flat lands which are easily accessible by road.

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Plate 5.5.1: Out-going 132kV Transmission Lines from Birnin Kebbi 330/132kV Plate 5.5.2: Encroachment; Tarred road running directly under the 132kV Transmission Sub-Region – Birnin Kebbi Transmission Line in a built up settlement – Birnin Kebbi

Plate 5.5.3: Open stretch of flat land traversed by the Birnin Kebbi – Plate 5.5.4: Seasonal Squatters; Cultivation of seasonal cash crops on-going Sokoto 132kV Transmission Line. within the ROW

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Plate 5.5.5: Encroachment; Residential Estate traversed by 132kV Transmission Plate 5.5.6: Encroachment; Isolated Rural settlement within the ROW Line. - Sokoto.

Plate 5.5.7: Encroachment: Busy road in breach of the ROW for Birnin Kebbi – Plate 5.5.7: Health and Safety; Dust storm on-going due to loose nature of soil (this Sokoto 132kV Transmission Line – Birnin Kebbi. raises health concerns during project implementation) – Sokoto.

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5.6. Kumbotso – Katsina 132kV DCTransmission Line

5.6.1 Environmental/Social Baseline

5.6.1a Project Location Kumbotso - Katsina 132kV SC transmission line (≈ 173 km in length) traverses Kumbotso, Bichi, Dawakin Tofa and Tssanyawa (Kano State) & Kankiya, Charanchi,Batarawa and Katsina (Katsina State) LGAs, respectively.

The transmission line ROW lies within coordinates 11°55'35″N/8°28'32″E & 12°58'7″N/7°50'3″E in the dry savanna belt of Nigeria. “Ikeja West – Alimosho” (≈ 7.7km), “Alimosho – Ogba” (≈ 8km), “Alaoji – Aba” (≈ 6.2km), “Aba – Itu” (≈ 75.9km), “Birnin Kebbi – Sokoto” (≈ 130 km), “Apo – Karu” (≈ 11.05 km) and “Kumbotso – Katsina” (≈ 173 km).

5.6.1b Climate Kano and Katsina States features savanna vegetation and a hot, semi-arid climate. The states sees an average of 980 mm (38.6 in) of precipitation per year, the bulk of which falls from June through September. The region is typically very hot throughout the year, though from December through February, the city is noticeably cooler. Night-time temperatures are cool during the months of December, January and February, with average low temperatures of 11 to 15 °C (52 to 59 °F)

5.6.1c Vegetation/ Fauna The vegetative cover for the two areas are characterized with Guinea Savannah Zones. The vegetation consists of broadleaved species with tall tussocky grasses of guinea affinities, mixed up with fine leaved species of thorny trees with continuous short and feathery grass cover.

5.6.1d Settlement Patterns The settlement patterns within the Project area is basically Linear, with pockets of nucleated settlements situated around established and developing industrial sites and farm settlements.

5.6.1e Land use/Socio-economic activities

The Land-use along the ROW is basically agricultural and few in developed urban areas. The major crops are Maize, Millet, Guinea Corn, Rice, etc within the project area and the predominant occupation is farming.

5.6.2 Audit Findings along the ROW • Encroachment The transmission line traverses a few major settlements (and minor settlements alike) along its path, where encroachment is rife.

However, a substantial part of the transmission line (≈ 94%) is not encroached and passes through long stretches of open land

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Structures:

A substantial portion of the adjoining lands flanking the existing ROW, including the ROW have been completely built up.

Various structures such as Schools, Churches, Residential buildings, Shops, Artisan Workshops, Mosques, etc. all lie in breach of the ROW.

In some instances, some of the transmission towers were completely fenced into private properties (schools, churches and private residences).

- Squatters:

Artisans engaged in vehicle repairs as well as petty traders were the predominant Squatters noticeable encroaching the along the ROW.

-Farming Activities: Farming of seasonal crops (mainly cassava and maize) along the ROW (in pockets), was noticeable.

• Access to TCN Facilities - The areas of structural encroachment has made accessibility to ROW easy because the settlers have created access.

However nonstructural encroached areas that have farming activities and the terrain in some areas (with features like gullies, steep valleys and swamps) make it difficult for TCN facilities to be readily accessed.

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Plate 5.6.1: Encroachment; Established residential settlements within the ROW Plate 5.6.2: Squatters; Makeshift Mechanic Workshops/Vehicle repairs and other of 132kV Lines 1 & 2 from Kumbotso S/Substation – Kumbotso Activities going on under the ROW for 132kV Line 1 – Kumbotso

Plate 5.6.4: Squatters; Trading on-going within the ROW (directly under the Plate 5.6.3: Encroachment: Private property built under the transmission line 132kV Line 1 from Kumbotso) - Bichi – Kumbotso.

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Plate 5.6.5: Encroachment; ; 132kV Transmission line towers fenced into a private Plate 5.6.7: Seasonal Squatters; Land under the ROW being prepared for the premise (Katsina Steel rolling Mill) – Katsina planting season by local farmers.

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Figure 5.6.1: Satelite Image showing Bichi town (Kano) which is traversed by 132kV Transmission Line 1, from Kumbotso 132kV Transmission Substation.

Figure 5.6.2: Satelite Image showing 132kV Transmission Line 1, from Kumbotso traversing Katsina Industrial Area on its approach to Katsina 132kV Transmission Substation.

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5.7. Apo – Karu 132kV DC Transmission Line

5.7.1 Environmental/Social Baseline

5.7.1a Project Location Apo - Karu 132kV SC transmission line (≈ 11.05 km in length), Situated in Abuja Municipal Council in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

The transmission line ROW lies within coordinates 9.001°N/7.491E & 8°59'90″N/7°34'19.3″E in the guinea savanna zone of Nigeria.

5.7.1b Climate F.C.T, Abuja experiences three distinct climatic conditions every year namely dry season, warm and rainy season. The rainy season often starts by April and ends in October. During the rainy season the daytime temperature reaches 28oC to 30oC and the night temperature reaches 22oC to 23oC whilst the daytime temperature during the dry season is as high as 40oC and the night temperature as low as 12oC

5.7.1c Vegetation/ Fauna The vegetative cover for the two areas are characterized with Guinea Savannah Zones. The vegetation consists of broadleaved species with tall tussocky grasses of guinea affinities, mixed up with fine leaved species of thorny trees with continuous short and feathery grass cover.

5.7.1d Settlement Patterns Abuja is a planned modern city. The settlement within the city are basically linear, however there are also squatter settlements and shanty towns which have spread rapidly in and outside the city limits.

5.7.1e Land use/Socio-economic activities

Mineral resources such as clay, tin, feldspar, gold, iron ore, lead, marble and talc can be found in Abuja. Agriculture in the city produces yams, millet, maize, sorghum and beans. The city has major road connections and an efficient transport system.

5.7.2 Audit Findings along the ROW • Encroachment The transmission line traverses a few major settlements (and minor settlements alike) along its path, where encroachment is rife.

However, a substantial part of the transmission line (≈ 45%) is not encroached upon. Structures:

A substantial portion of the adjoining lands flanking the existing ROW, including the ROW have been completely built up.

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Various structures such as Residential buildings, Shops, Block making machines, Artisan Workshops, etc. all lie in breach of the ROW.

In some instances, some of the transmission towers were completely fenced into private properties (schools, churches and private residences).

- Squatters:

Artisans engaged in vehicle repairs and block making artisans were the predominant Squatters noticeable encroaching the along the ROW.

-Farming Activities: Farming of seasonal crops (mainly cassava and maize) along the ROW (in pockets), was noticeable.

• Access to TCN Facilities - The ROW are not easily accessible due to the steep valleys and hills, especially around the Apo-Guzape axis, thus making it difficult to reach the transmission towers in these areas. However, the transmission towers within areas with structural encroachment are easily accessible due to the availability of access roads created by the settlers..

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Plate 5.7.1: Sqatters; Block making activities on-going within the ROW – Apo Plate 5.7.2:Encroachment; Private building within the ROW – Karu

Plate 5.7.3: Seasonal Squatters; Land under the ROW being prepared for the Plate 5.7.4: Tower Safety; Waste dump site very close to tower base – Karu planting by local farmers. – Karu.

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Plate 5.7.5: Encroachment; Private property in breach of the transmission Plate 5.7.6: Road Crossing; 132kV transmission line crossing a busy road on its Line ROW – Apo approach to Karu 132/33Kv Substation

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6.0 CHAPTER SIX POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS /MITIGATION

6.1: Introduction

The assessment of potential impacts has been done through analyses of various project activities in anticipation of possible changes to the environment against the backdrop of National and International Environmental and Social Standards applicable. Each potential impact was analyzed to classify its significance to three degrees: major impacts, medium impact and minor impacts.

- Major impacts (impacts with significant likelihood of violating of applicable standards). - Medium impacts (impacts with reasonable likelihood of violating applicable standards but only in combination with the impacts from other sources. - Minor impacts are impacts which are not likely to cause violation of applicable standards.

The likelihood of each impact occurring is further categorized as having: - High probability of occurrence - Low probability of occurrence.

The assessment carried out by the Safeguards team along the 132kV transmission line ROWs (7No.) were site specific in order to identify potential environmental and social impacts peculiar to each ROW. This is in compliance and accordance with requirements of Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.) and the Operational Policies and Procedures of the World Bank on Environmental and Social Safeguards. The key objectives of the environmental assessment are to:

• Identify potential positive and negative impacts of the proposed Transmission Line Reconductoring Project its Enviro-Social dynamics during and post Implementation. • Develop a Management plan that outlines relevant mitigation measures to minimize and/or mitigate negative effects and impacts and to enhance positive effects and impacts.

6.2: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts during Reconductoring

6.2.1: Waste Impacts Wastes generated during reconductoring activities along the transmission lines will mainly comprise of solid wastes generated from:  Empty cases, crates and Containers’,  Steel Chippings,  Metals, cut off cables, garbage from daily activities of workers  Wasted or faulty materials of the towers including conductors and insulators.

6.2.2: Land Use Impacts The reconductoring works will be carried out within existing and already established 132kV transmission lines Right of Way (ROW) on land legally acquired and owned by TCN. The demolition of strucures withn the ROW will create rubbles of concrete, scrap woodedn and metallic materials from the P a g e 72 | 95

ramshackles used by squarteres. These will be managed by the implementation of the Waste Manageent Plan to be developed for this purpose. 6.3.3: Impacts due to air emissions

Air emissions during reconstruction activities will be limited to the exhaust fumes/gases emitted from machinery and vehicles visiting and leaving the project sites. The extent of these emissions depends on the number of machinery working at the site at one time, the type and efficiency and maintenance of the engines and also the climate conditions. 6.3.4: Impacts due to noise emissions

During reconstruction activities (which will be carried out during the day – especially in the built-up areas), noise would be limited to noise from the equipment in use and from vehicular movement during day the noise will be of short duration at any one location, since the equipment will move along the line fairly rapidly. Presumably illegal occupants of the ROW will have been relocated, so they will not experience high noise levels. 6.2.6: Impacts on Socio-economics (traffic) The greatest potential for traffic impacts and vehicle accidents to occur will arise during the mobilization of equipment to site and also during reconductoring activities on transmissions lines that traverse busy roads in the project sites. The roads leading to selected Transmission Lines will be experiencing to and fro movements of vehicles conveying heavy machinery and equipment, construction workers as well as complete blockade/diversion of traffic, in some instances. The impact (on the resident users, vehicles, machines and equipment) will be rather significant and negative, especially in areas where the roads are quite busy, congested or dilapidated. 6.2.7: Impacts due to Involuntary Resettlement Implementation of the Reconductoring project will be carried out entirely along the ROW for the 132kV transmission line. However some of the areas traversed by the line are built up and well developed and these have lead to massive encroachment of the ROW for the lines. The implementation of the proposed Line Rehabilitation project under NEGIP will involve the demolition of a some structures (churches, mosques, schools, artesan workshops etc) that have been erected within the ROW of the selected Lines. This will lead to the involuntary relocation of affected PAPs and the attendant consequences (loss of means of livelihood, restriction of access to means of livelihood, loss of shelter etc.).

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IMPACT MITIGATION

6.3.3: Impact Mitigation for the 132kV Transmisssion Lines Reconductoring Project (Under NEGIP).

The table 6.3.1 below highlights the identified potential impacts associated with the proposed reconductoring projects at the various sites where the 132kV Line circuits {i.e. Ikeja West – Alimosho, Alimosho – Ogba, Alaoji - Aba, Aba - Itu, Kumbotso - Katsina, Apo – Karu and Birnin Kebbi – Sokoto) are situated and the proposed mitigation

measures and other safeguards interventions that will complement the proposed projects at the respective project sites. Table 6.3.1: Impacts/ Impact Mitigation for NEGIP 132kV Transmission Lines Reconductoring Project

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Class of Potential Specific Timing of Significance of Proposed Mitigation Measures Action Estimated Cost associated Impact Occurence Impact of Remediation Impact (USD)

Wastes Injuries/Aesthetics During Medium • Immediate Clean-up and restoration of 23, 600 TCN Reconductoring project environment on completion of Regions/PIT of old reconductoring activities in each section

Conductors. where works have been carried out.

• Prompt collection and disposal of wastes at designated dump sites

• Proper storage of reusable/recyclable 3, 500 material materials recovered during Reconductoring.

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Emissions Air Pollution • Vehicular Minor  Reduced vehicular speed on movements unpaved, un-vegetated surfaces to PIT along untarred minimize raising dust during access roads transportation of Workers,

Equipment and other project

TCN HQ/ TCN • During release materials Regions of exhaust fumes from  All Project vehicles should be

project properly serviced/maintained before

vehicles mobilization to project sites. Noise Pollution Minor TCN

Regions/PIT • During Reconductoring  Inform residents of the schedule for work activities in their vicinity, the amount of noise they could expect, and the duration.

 Employ use of quieter equipment during implementation (e.g. choose plastic or rubber hammers, rather

than metal ones)

 Use of appropriate PPEs (Ear

muffs).

 All project vehicles to be used during

the project implementation must be in proper working order.

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Health and Fall from heights • During Major  Identification of all potential Fall PIT Reconductoring Hazards on site, Safety activities  Communication of the potential fall hazards to all workers/visitors on site

through tool-box talks and trainings,

 Provision of appropriate PPEs for all TCN HQ personnel exposed to any fall hazard

associated with their tasks (e.g,

Harnesses, Safety ladders),

 Enforcement of usage of the PPEs ERSU-PMU/

PIT-HSE

• During Major Objects falling on  Avoid working under unstable PIT persons Reconductoring suspended equipment/objects, activities  Use of appropriate PPEs (e.g. Hard

Hats),

 Effective supervision of workers

working under such conditions

(unstable suspended

equipment/objects),

 Effective control of the site to prevent access by citizens during the work TCN HQ/PIT

 Use of Safety Nets

Slips and trips • During Major

Reconductoring activities  Design workplace & work processes

that eliminate of reduce exposure to Slips an Trips,

 Good housekeeping (Maintaining

clear, tidy work areas free of clutter/litter),

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 Safe walking practices (Follow safe walking practices. ),

 Wearing appropriate footwear (Wear appropriate footwear with good

traction),

 Mark/Highlight steep edges & PIT transition areas (changes in elevation),

 Provide effective false floors or work platforms

Injuries (from Medium mishandling of • During equipment/materials) Reconductoring Appropriate mechanical equipment should activities be used for lifting heavy items.

If manual lifting must be done then:

o Use a secure grip.

o Use both hands whenever possible.

o Avoid jerking by using smooth, even

motions.

o Keep the load as close to the body as

possible.

o To the extent feasible, use your legs to

push up and lift the load, not the upper

body or back.

o Do not twist your body. Step to one

side or the other to turn.

o Alternate heavy lifting or forceful

exertion tasks with less physically

demanding tasks.

o Take rest breaks.

When working with Power Tools:

o Never carry a tool by the cord or hose.

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o Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle. o Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges. o Disconnect tools when not using them, before servicing and cleaning them, and when changing accessories such as blades, bits, and cutters. o Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe distance from the work area. o Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool. o Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool. o Maintain tools with care; keep them sharp and clean for best performance. o Follow instructions in the user's manual for lubricating and changing accessories. o Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance when operating power tools. o Wear proper apparel for the task. Loose clothing, ties, or jewellery can become caught in moving parts. o Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag them: "Do Not Use."

Electrocution • During Major  A tagging system to identify faulty TCN HQ/ TCN Reconductoring equipment or equipment under Regions/PIT activities maintenance or installation be established,

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 Clock-in, clock-out and duty/equipment handing over system be established at all work sites,

 Use of only adequately trained

personnel be used for any particular task - under no circumstance, should personnel that are not adequately

trained or faulty/unsuitable

equipment be employed for any task.

 Proper outage system on live

equipment to be worked must be

established and enforced.

Movement of  Traffic detour routes must be PIT/State traffic prearranged with the Local Authorities vehicles and • Delivery of Minor Government Council., TCN equipment and equipment Regions/PIT conveyance of  Access at entry and exit points to works

personnel to sites should be controlled and heavy

site trucks should be assisted by traffic controllers,

 Ensure that warning signs are clear and visible at night (contrarily, night movement should be completely

avoided wherever and whenever possible)

 Provide barriers and signage for pedestrian safety Major  Establish and enforce speed limits and

safe driving rules

 Employ the services of state traffic

control authorities, TCN HQ/TCN Regions/ Power Outage

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• During Concerned  Reconductoring Substatuibs activities  Provision of alternative source of power supply to residents that may be affected by the knocking off of their regular supply channel,

 Sensitization of the impacted customers through radio

announcements, newspaper adverts

Major and other public notices.,

 An outage plan should be prepared

in conjunction with the DisCos and this should and strictly adhered to

by TCN and the PIT TCN HQ/TCN Gender-based Regiosn/TCN Violence and Sexual HSE/ERSU-  Exploitation/Abuse • During Mandatorily raise awareness of the PMU Implementation team personnel Reconductoring about refraining from unacceptable activities conduct toward host communities,

 Informing workers about national

laws that make sexual harassment, exploitation of children, and

gender-based violence a punishable

offence which is prosecuted,

 Establish Code of conduct for PIT and, acknowledging a zero-

tolerance policy towards child

labor; child sexual exploitation as well as Sexual and Gender Based

Violence, whereby non-compliance

will be met with appropriate sanctions by TCN Management

including

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Major  TCN adopting a policy to cooperate with law enforcement agencies in investigating complaints about sexual and gender-based violence.

 TCN to ensure the GRM is robust and operational.

TCN HQ/TCN  Consultations with duly identified Regiosn/ ERSU- Involuntary relevant/affected stakeholders for PMU/ Local the purposes of information, Resettlement Authorities Before enlightenment, and publicity, Reconductoring

activities  Enumeration and documentation of affected Squatters (with cut-off date),

 Payment of compensations to Squatters affected by the project – before commencement of Reconductoring activities. 61, 000

 Evacuation of documented squarters from the established ROWs for the 132kV transmission lines 90, 000



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7.0 CHAPTER SEVEN

GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) FOR THE 132KV TRANSMISSION LINE RECONDUCTORING PROJECT

This ESMP recognizes that grievances may arise as a fallout of the implementation of the transmission line reconductoring projects under NEGIP. The GRM therefore, creates a platform and procedure for effective handling of complaints and grievances that are aimed at avoiding lengthy litigations which may hinder or delay project implementation and objectives.

7.1 Objective of the GRM

The objectives of the grievance redress mechanism are to: • Provide an effective avenue for affected persons to express their concerns and resolve disputes that are caused by the project, • Promote a mutually constructive relationship among PAPs, government and project proponents, • Prevent and address community concerns, • Assist larger processes that create positive social change and • Identify early and resolve issues that would lead to judicial proceedings.

7.2 Grievance Redress Committee

The TCN-PMU shall establish a committee that will be responsible for the day-to day implementation of the grievance redress process. This shall consist of representatives of all key stakeholders in the respective projects especially the PAPs, local traditional institutions, Local Government Councils, the State governments, local NGOs/CSOs, women and youth groups, TCN-PMU and any other disadvantaged groups that may be identified in the local community.

To achieve the above objective the PMU will incorporate the use of existing local grievance redress processes available in the community to addressing disputes that may result from this project. This will entail co-opting the traditional council and some local leaders as members of the GRC.

7.2.1 Composition of the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) The specific composition of these committees will vary depending upon location and context. Further details will be spelt out at the RAP stage. The main functions of the Committee are to: • Publicize within the list of affected persons and the functioning of the grievance redressed Procedure established; • Verify grievances and their merits; • Recommend to the PMU solutions to such grievances; • Communicate the decisions to the Claimants; • Ensure that all notices, forms, and other documentation required by Claimants are made available in Local language understood by people; • Ensure documentation of all received complaints and the progress of remediation.

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7.3 Grievance Redress Process

The structure or steps of the grievance redress mechanism shall comprise of: • Receive, register and acknowledge complaint, • Screen and establish the foundation of the grievance, • Implement and Monitor a redress action, • Advise for a judicial proceedings as last resort if necessary, • Document the experience for future reference.

Receive, Register and Acknowledge complaint The ERSU-PMU/TCN HSE Department will establish a register/complaint log book for all complaints at the respective project sites. It is required that the register/complaint log book is maintained at a designate centre close to the people. The log book will contain: ✓ the complainant’s name, ✓ date of complaint, ✓ nature of complaint, ✓ follow-up action and schedule.

The PMU/TCN will communicate the functions of the GRC and the process to accessing redress. It must be noted that proper and honest responses to grievances, an apology, adequate compensation, and modification of the conduct that caused grievances are fair remedies for grievance redress. Therefore, the GRC should be trained on the diplomacy of handling aggrieved persons while verifying/screening the merit or otherwise of his/her complaints.

Screen and Establish the Foundation/Merit of the Grievance

The GRC will, upon receipt and registration of grievance, proceed to investigate the cause/merit of the complaints. This should be undertaken within one (1) week of receiving complaints. Depending on the nature and complexity of the matter in question the GRC may invite the parties involved in the process of investigation and redress.

Implement and Monitor a Redress Action

Once the cause of the grievance and eligibility of the PAP is established, the GRC shall recommend to the PMU the remedial package or line of action to address the grievance in line with established entitlement matrix. The PMU shall spell out in writing to the aggrieved PAP(s) and copied to the GRC within two weeks of resolution of grievance, of its commitment and when to pay the compensation. This is particularly necessary if the PMU will need to obtain “NO Objection” or undergo application procedure in funding the compensation, which may take some time. The GRC will issue a grievance resolution form to be completed and endorsed by the complainant confirming resolution of the grievance. It is recommended that implementation of the redress action plan be witnessed and monitored by the GRC and/or a third party. If established that PAP was ineligible for the claim he/she presented, the GRC will persuade the PAP to drop the complaint.

Alternative Action for Dissatisfied Aggrieved Persons

In the event that the aggrieved person is dissatisfied with the resolution/decision of the GRC, he/she can bring the matter up to the project coordinator at PMU, who will expedite actions to logical resolution within 2 to 4 weeks of receipt of complaints. Where the matter appear unresolved or unsatisfactory to the complainant, court of law will be a last resort to seek redress..

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7.4 Financing the Grievance Redress Mechanism and Cost of Rediation

The TCN-PMU shall be responsible for the funding of logistics for the GRC as well as the eventual compensation or remediation that aggrieved party may be entitled to. The TCN-PMU will also be responsible for the cost of the judicial process for cases that result to court for adjudication.

Table 7.4.1: Implementation plan for Grievance Redress Mechanism Completion Time Responsibility Steps Process Description frame Agency/Person Document date of receipt, name of complainant, Receipt of Secretary to GRC at 1 village, nature of 1day complaint project level complaint, inform the PMU Acknowledgement Social safeguard 2 By letter, email, phone 1-5 days of grievance officer at PMU GRC including the Screen and Visit the site; social safeguard Establish the listen to the officer and the 3 Foundation/Merit 7-14 days complainant/community; aggrieved PAP or of the Grievance assess the merit his/her

representative Where complaint is justified, carry out redress 21-30 days or at a Implement and in line with established TCN-PMU and time specified in 4 monitor a redress Bank Safeguard Policies Social safeguard writing to the action and regulations of the Officers aggrieved PAP Federal Ministry of Environment. Extra intervention Review the redress steps 2-4 weeks of 5 for a dissatisfied and conclusions, provide receiving status TCN-PMU scenario intervention solution report Judicial Take complaint to court 6 No fixed time Complainant adjudication of law GRC logistics and The proponent Funding of training, redress 7 No fixed time (government or grievance process compensation, court investor) process

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8.0 CHAPTER SEVEN

DETAILED GUIDELINES AND MONITORING PLANS FOR THE 132KV TRANSMISSION LINES RECONDUCTORING PROJECT

The following Safeguards/Environmental Management Plans should guide TCN HSE Officers in ensuring strict compliance with this ESMP in the cause of implementing this Project.

8.1 Workplace Health, Safety and Environment Plan

Operations within the work site shall be subject to government, industry and TCN Policies guidelines as well as the requirements of this ESMP. All TCN and Contractor staff shall be well informed and trained on the HSE policies and guidelines.

TCN shall provide adequate health services as well as site first aid services for its workforce. The first aid services shall be extended to visiting personnel and casual workers.

The main priority to TCN shall be the prevention of accidents during mobilization, reconductoring and closure stages of the proposed projects. Prevention of workplace accidents during the proposed projects shall be achieved using the Job Hazard Analyses (JHA) tool and approved Work Plan/Instructions by supervisors.

Consequently, the technical team must conduct JHA for all HSE critical activities and develop written and explicit work plans/instructions for such operations. The work instructions shall integrate the recommendations of the JHA. It is only upon submission of the written work instructions and the supporting JHA document that the Site HSE Coordinator may consider the project activity for approval. Project activities may only be approved if the site HSE Coordinator is objectively convinced that the Written Work Instruction (WWI) are practicable, safe and in accordance with regulatory requirements.

The use of JHA and WWI as work management systems shall include; - Job planning and permitting, - Shift/Tour handover meetings and logs, - Special procedures governing higher risk activities, - Control of simultaneous activities, - Energy isolation and workplace preparation, - Management controls for temporary removal of safety devices, reinstating the facilities and preparing to restart operations.

It shall also include requirements for reviewing completed jobs and capturing and communicating lessons learnt about the work and management system. Accidents shall be reported to and investigated by the ERSU in line with TCN accident reporting procedure. All personnel shall be encouraged to report all accidents/incidents and to cooperate in the investigation of such occurrence. Staff shall be made to know that accidents/incidents investigation are “fact finding” and not “fault finding” exercises and are particularly useful as lessons in preventing re-occurrence. All reconductoring activities shall be properly managed through careful planning, guided by applicable and relevant HSE Policies, inclusive of the following:

Use of Permit-to-Work • Job Hazard Analysis and toolbox meetings,

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• Use of appropriate PPEs in designated areas, • Prohibition to drinking of alcohol during working hours and at work sites and facilities, • Prohibition of night trips, • Regular emergency drills, • Prohibition of smoking in fire hazards areas,

8.2 Traffic Management

TCN shall follow journey management procedures strictly. Trips shall be planned and combined to reduce driving exposures, mandatory use of seat belts by drivers and passengers in company vehicles shall be enforced. All drivers shall attend defensive driving course while night driving (out of town limits) shall be discouraged.

Each trip/journey to be undertaken during the proposed project shall be managed in such a manner that will not result in harm to life or property. A journey management plan specific to each trip shall be produced and submitted to the Site HSE Coordinator for approval. The details of the journey management plan shall include proposed mobilization date, mode of transportation, routes, type of cargo as well as the details of the JHA conducted for the trip. The Site HSE Coordinator may only approve the trip if he can confirm that all necessary precautions have been taken to forestall transport accidents/incidents.

8.3 Waste Management Plan

The major wastes to be generate from the Transmission Line reconductoring project include scrap cables, plastic insulation materials, cereamic insulaion materials, scrap wooden crates, scrap steel componenets. Others include wastes from food packagings (polythene bags, water sachettes, paper bags, plastic bottles) and waste food items. is TCN (Engineers and HSE Department) shall prepare a Waste Management/ Conductor recovery Plan for review and approval by PMU-ERSU.

8.3.1 Waste Handling Guidelines

For proper handling and disposal, wastes shall be well defined at source and the definition transmitted along with the wastes to the final disposal points. Contractor’s personnel shall define and document all wastes generated in the course of work in a monthly waste stream report, which shall be used to track/monitor wastes generated from the Substations. Basic information that must be provided as a minimum for adequate definition of wastes include:

8.3.2 Waste Minimization / Reduction

Waste minimization implies reduction to the greatest extent possible of the volume or toxicity of ...... waste materials. The four principles of waste minimization (reduce, reuse, recycle and recover – 4Rs) shall be adopted as applicable. The key elements of the four waste minimization/management principles practices are outlined:

Reduce - Process modification / design change Material elimination Inventory control and Page 87 of 95

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management Material substitution Improved housekeeping Reuse - Chemical /Oil containers Recycle / Recover - Recycle scrap materials, Recycle paper, Waste lubricating oil for energy recovery.

8.3.4 Waste Disposal

All debris, spoilt materials, and other wastes shall be cleared regularly from the site and disposed at approved dump sites operated by designated waste disposal authorities. Instructions on material safety handling sheet shall be strictly adhered.

8.4 General Security Plan

The TCN Project Implementing Team shall ensure that adequate security arrangements are made to handle security related incidents effectively. The project team will identify, evaluate and manage risks to personnel and property arising from theft, malicious practices, crime, civil disorder or armed conflict.

In addition, each Contractor will be required to prepare a project security plan and submit to TCN- PMU for review and approval before mobilization to site. The project will also organize a security workshop to identify, evaluate and recommend contingency plans for all security risks.

8.5 Emergency Response Plan

All potentially significant hazards and potential impacts of the project activities shall be identified, the associated risks evaluated and understood, Control and recovery measures to effectively manage these risks and impacts are in place before mobilization to site by the Project Implementing Team.

• The TCN Project Implementing Team should have a generic hazard list for guidance readily available. In case of emergencies, emergency response procedures will be activated and this will include admisnistration of First-Aid, Transport to medical treatment. If the scale of the accident is high other measures like Evacuation, Evacuation, Sheltering and Lockdown will be applied.

The main objectives are:

 To ensure no loss of life,  To ensure that the environment is protected, 

In order to ensure that good record keeping is maintained and accurate information concerning emergency are disseminated to the workers, public and government, the under mentioned procedures detail the information required: • Outages, • Isolation of supply points, • Notification of authorities, • Safety precaution and environmental proceedings,

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8.6 Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP)

Towards achieving a smooth and possible hitch-free project implementation, it is expected that the TCN HSE Department will engage relevant stakeholders in prior and infromed Consultations, wherby Stakehloders will be adequately and timely informed about intended consultations and their puposes thereof for informed interactions and feed-backs.

Consultation about this reconductoring project shall be convened at various levels by the TCN HSE/ PMU-ERSU and would involve all key stakeholders to the Project (people in the vicinity, local businesses, local government authorities, women and youth groups, CSOs and NGOs within the project area.etc. ), including the World Bank Safeguard Team, TCN HQ & Project regions/Site Substations. The Consultations shall be continuous during Project implementation.

The table below summarizes the proposed Consultations schedule for the Project Table 8.6.1 Stakeholder Engagement/Consultation Schedule

S/No. Project Stage Location No. Frequency 1 Pre-Project Implementation Selected sites 7 1

2 During Project Implementation Selected sites 7 1

3 Project Close Selected sites 7 1

Aside from the Stakeholder Consultations highlighted in the table above, consultations would be convened at locations where required to address grievances that may arise during project implementation

The TCN-PMU (EBP) and Substation Manager (during project implementation) shall put in place and publicize a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) that provides for an accessible local contact point (telephone number, address, email address, name and title) to which stakeholders can direct questions, concerns, complaints and claims. The Mechanism will include: , ▪ Grievance Log, ▪ Investigative steps taken, ▪ Conclusion, ▪ Responses to complainants.

It should also contain an appeals procedure in case the complainant is unsatisfied with the response. Grievances will be part of monitoring reports.

8.7 Communication Plan

Each member of the Project implementign IT shall be aware of his/her respective work activities, inherent job risks/hazards and their controls, mitigation measures, established emergency response procedures. They also need to be aware of potential consequences of departure from agreed operating procedures. Consequently each Contractors will have a project communications focal point to enhance communications with the Contractor project team at various locations.

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8.8 Training

TCN shall conduct trainings for all of the Engineering and other technical personel that will be involved in implementing the Reconductoring project and also the site HSE personnel that will be responsible for the day-to-day monitoring/enforcement of Safeguards for the projects at the respective sites.

Engineering and Environmental/Social Consultants may necessarily be procured by TCN to complement TCN capacity towards ensuring a successful and sustainable project implementation.

8.9 Environmental and Social Monitoring

The PIT and TCN HSE Department shall strictly comply with the provisions of this ESMP and operate a monitoring programme that would lead to sustainable project-environment relationship. This will be strengthened with the periodic monitoring visits of the ERSU-PMU. The monitoring programme shall commence from site preparation through implementation, in order to keep track of the entire project activities and performance. The programme will provide information on impacts compared with prediction and by doing so provide advance warning of any adverse changes in both the environmental and socio- economic developments.

The main objectives of the monitoring programme are to: • Ensure compliance with regulatory the ESMP, • Ensure continual interactions and flow of information between TCN and other stakeholders, • Determine whether any significanct change in socio- economic and environmental components has been caused as a result of th project being implemnted or by other extraneous factors, • Determine the effectiveness of the control and mitigation/ enhancement measures and provide basis for recommending additional measures, • Ensure that the established transparent procedures for carrying out the proposed project are sustained, • Ensure sustenance of accountability and a sense of local ownership throughout the project lifecycle,

The ERSU-PMU and TCN HSE (HQ.)shall ensure that the monitoring programme is fully implemented by Regional HSE Departments and designated State/Federal Agents. .

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S/N SAFEGUARDS SUB-ASPECT GUIDELINE OBSERVATION SAFEGUARDS REMEDIAL ENFORCEMENT ASPECT PERFORMANCE ACTION ACTION/PENALTY NEGIP: 132kV Transmission Line Reconductoring - ESMP REPORT April, 2018 NOTE (Breach/Partial Compliance/Full Compliance).

1 Occupational Working in confined • Adequate lighting in Health and spaces dark working areas. Safety • Provision of smoke extractors. • Installation of industrial fans for adequate ventilation. • Conservation of energy in the work place - Installation of white energy saver bulbs/flood lamps. • Working environment must be safe at all times. • Use of nose masks when working in areas where smoke/dust is generated. 2 Working at height • Erection of scaffolds • Use of Harness • Provision of safety net 3 Working surfaces • Protruding sharp/pointed edges of equipment

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4 Lifting/moving Heavy heavy equipment/materials equipment/materials should be lifted by mechanized means. The weight of the item must be considered in selecting the lifting device to be used for the purpose.

5 Safety signs/Tagging Must be displayed at strategic places to guide/warn people of hazards associated with the work going on in the area.

6 House-Keeping Provision of waste Waste bins should be Bins within the provided for collection working areas and handling of wastes within the work area.

7 Training Type of Training • Training should address the task required to be executed by the employee. • The duration of the training should be sufficient for the complete delivery of the subject matter. • The training MUST be conducted by a

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competent/accredited person in the field in question. • The content of the training should address all areas where skill gaps exist. • No personnel MUST be assigned to any task for which he/she has been adequately trained.

Table 8.6.2: Sample Monitoring Checklist

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ANNEX I

The table below gives an approximate prediction of Squatters of be affected by the Project (Note: those to be involuntary located are strictly limited to those who are squatting within the base and around the immediate ambience of the 132kV Transmission towers, therefore posing a threat to the safety and integrity of the towers.

PROPOSED TCN TRANSMISSION LINE RECONDUCTORING PROJECT POTENTIAL PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS

Name of 132kV Transmission Line Circuit

ACTIVITY Ikeja West - Alimosho - Kumbotso - B’ Kebbi - Totals Alaoji - Aba Aba - Itu Apo - Karu Alimosho Ogba Katsina Sokoto 1 No. of 132kV Towers within Circuit 22 31 23 245 283 30 375 1009 Built up areas 21 30 22 60 30 15 40 218 2 No. of Tower Spans within project area Unbuilt up areas - - - 184 252 14 334 784 Built up areas 12 14 12 20 15 4 20 97 Approx. No. of Towers threatened by 3 Unbuilt up areas - - - 5 10 2 10 27 the activities of Sqatters Totals 12 14 12 25 25 6 30 124 Churches 2 3 - 2 - - - 7 Mosques - 1 - - 2 - 2 5 Schools 2 2 - 2 1 - - 7 Residential 12 18 8 15 2 2 15 62 Approx. No. of Structures in breach of 4 the 132kV Transmission line ROW Commercial 8 15 10 12 15 1 8 69 Artisans 10 12 7 12 10 5 5 71 Shacks 12 15 8 10 8 2 5 49 Totals 46 66 33 53 48 11 35 268

Approx. No. of Farmlands in breach of Farmland 2 3 - 12 10 3 10 the 132kV Transmission line ROW The figures have been estimated from observations from the project areas during the Environmental assessment exercise. A proper enumeration (which will yield actual figures) is espected to be carried out during the preparation of the RAP , prior to commencement of project implementation.

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ANNEX II

The table below shows the cost estimate for implementing the various Intervention Plans for Mitigation, Environmental monitoring and Training for TCN Engirneers and HSE Officers under the 132kV Transmission Line Reconductoring Project. COST ESTIMATES

132kV Transmission Line Circuit/Implementation duration (days)

ACTIVITY Description of Activity Ikeja West Alimosho – Alaoji – Aba Aba – Itu Kumbotso – Apo – Karu B’ Kebbi – Totals – Alimosho Ogba Katsina Sokoto (USD) (USD) (USD) (USD) (USD) (USD) (USD)

Training of selected TCN Engineers on use and 1 TRAINING (Technical) application of specialized equipments – Lump 15,000 15,000

Training of selected TCN HSE Officers on Project 2 TRAINING (Safeguards) Safeguards Enforcements/Monitoring - Lump 15,000 15,000 Logistics/Publicity/Enlightenment for Consultations with duly identified key/relevant 3 CONSULTATIONS stakeholders pre-project implementation at each 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 90,000 of the project sites x 2. AWARENESS AIDSS/HIV Senssitization/Awarenesss 4 campaigns/workshops and Voluntary testing, 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 10,500 CAMPAIGNS Distribution of condoms Provision of PPs for every member of the PIT at all 5 PPEs/Safety equipment of the project sites/Purchase of Safety equipment 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 38,500

STORAGE/WASTE Storage of Equipment/Project materials and 6 1,000 1,200 1,000 6,000 10,000 1,200 8,500 DISPOSAL disposal Clean-p/disposal of waste generated. 27,100

Compensation (documented) of PAPs identified 7 COMPENSATION and docuemented during that enumeration. 197,200 281,000 117,400 250,100 234,400 28,200 179,500 1,287,800 MONITORING/ Environmental Monitoring by PMU Safeguards 68 Team to ensure/enforce compliance at each of the 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 10,500 ENFORCEMENT project sites

TOTALS 29,400 30,600 29,400 40,000 43,800 26,600 45,600

Total Projected Estimate for the Mitigation Plans, Training and Environmental Monitoring/Enforcements for the Reconductoring Project = USD1,498,800.

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