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Passenger Cars and Light Duty Vehicles Worldwide emissions standards Passenger cars and light duty vehicles 2020 | 21 Delphi_Emissions_Guide_AW_1_vs3.indd 1 09/03/2020 18:49 TABLE OF CONTENTS ELECTRIFICATION Timeline – toxic emissions standards 1 ONBOARD DIAGNOSTICS REFERENCE FUELS EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS EU OBD 3-4 50 EU 100 Economic Commission for Europe 4 EU OBD 5-6 51 US – Gasoline 101 Euro 1-4 6 US EPA/CARB OBD II all vehicles 54 US – Diesel 102 Euro 5-6 8 LEV III gasoline emissions thresholds 58 EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS STANDARDS Driving cycles NEDC, WLTC 12 CARB relaxed standards for Tier 2 / Tier3 59 Conventional US / EU test procedure 106 EU Real Driving Emissions Procedure 14 CARB OBD II Gasoline vehicles 60 New WLTP 107 US Tier 2 standards 20 CARB OBD II Diesel vehicles 64 Enhanced Evap procedure 108 US Tier 3 standards 21 India 71 PR of China, India EVAP 111 US Driving cycles 24 China 72 ORVR 112 California LEV II-III standards 26 Brazil 79 ELECTRIFICATION Japan Emission standards 30 Japan 79 California Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) 116 Japan Driving cycles 33 European Union Zero And Low Emission Vehicle 117 Brazil 34 CO2 – FUEL ECONOMY PR of China New Energy Vehicle (NEV) 118 China 4-5-6 37 EU 82 India 41 US 87 MOTORCYCLES South Korea 44 California 89 Euro 2-3 122 Other areas of the world 46 South Korea, Taiwan 90 Euro 4-5 124 India 91 Driving cycles ECE R47, WMTC 128 PR of China 92 US Federal / California 130 Japan 94 China and other areas of the world 131 Brazil 96 India 136 Glossary 138 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Euro 6d Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5a Euro 5b Euro 6b Euro 6d TEMP EUROPE 7/92 1/96 1/00 1/05 1/09 9/11 9/14 9/17 1/20 Urban (40 sec idle) + EUDC cycle Revised ECE + EUDC cycle WLTC + RDE Tier 0 Tier 1 2000/2001 2004 - 2009 2017 - 2025 US – EPA US 87 US 94 SFTP/NLEV Tier 2 Tier 3 1987 1994 2000 2004 2015 2017 LEV I TLEV LEV ULEV ZEV 2015 US – CARB Tier 0 Tier 1 LEV II LEV ULEV SULEV PZEV LEV III 2017 - 2025 LEV III 2000 – New Short 2005 – New Long Standards 2009 Post New Long Term Term Standards Term Standards JAPAN 10/15 + 11 mode cycles JC08 mode cycle 3/08 Beijing 4 2/13 Beijing 5 7/2020 7/2023 CHINA 11/09 Shanghai 4 5/14 Shanghai 5 CN 6a CN 6b 7/10 CN4 national 4/16 CN5 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Dates show earliest type approval introduction only. More detail can be found in the booklet. TIMELINE – TOXIC EMISSIONS STANDARDS PASSENGER CARSEVAP 1 ELECTRIFICATION MOTORCYCLE DIFlex ASIC One size can fit all. Our advanced integrated circuit brings new levels of flexibility, simplicity, durability and performance to engine management systems, while at the same time reducing costs. Cleaner. Better. Further. Delphi_Emissions_Guide_AW_1_vs3.indd 13 09/03/2020 18:49 EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS EXHAUST OBD CO2/FE FUELS EVAP ELECTRIFICATION MOTORCYCLE 3 EXHAUST OBD CO2/FE FUELS EVAP ELECTRIFICATION MOTORCYCLE 4 ECE ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE VEHICLE CATEGORIES ECE regulations are similar to EU regulations. A base regulation is updated Directive 70/156/EC, as amended by Directive 2007/46/EC with a consecutive series of amendments. Dates of implementation differ Sub- Number from country to country, depending on the approval status of the respective Cate- Description cate- of Mass limit amendment in that country. The series of ECE-R-83 regulations reflects the gory gory persons Euro 1-6 regulations. A worldwide harmonized test procedure/cycle (WLTP/ WLTC) is currently being finalized (see pages 12-13). M1 Up to 9 Carriage of EUROPEAN UNION M passengers, M2 GVW ≤ 5.000 kg2) min 4 wheels, PC >9 TYPE APPROVAL M3 GVW > 5.000 kg Test Description Requirement RM ≤ N1 CL1 See EU standards in exhaust 1.305 kg Type I Tailpipe emissions 1) emissions section GVW 1.305 kg Carriage of N1 CL 2 Determination of reference value ≤ 3.500 kg < RM ≤ 1.760 kg CO emissions test goods, Type II for inspection/maintenance and N n.a. at idling speed min 4 wheels, 1.760 kg conformity of production (COP) N1 CL 3 LCV & HDV < RM ≤ 3.500 kg Type III Crankcase gases emissions Standard: zero emissions N2 3.500 kg < GVW ≤ 12.000 kg See EU standards in Evap. Type IV Evaporative emissions section N3 GVW > 12.000 kg Type V Durability of anti-pollution devices See EU standards in exhaust Type VI Low temperature test emissions section 1) RDE Real World Driving Emissions to be included in this section starting September 2017. 2) Until Euro 4: Two subgroups: M1 w/ GVW ≤ 2.500 kg and M1 with 2.500 kg < GVW ≤ 3.500 – Onboard diagnostics See EU standards in OBD section kg. EUROPEAN UNION EURO 3-4 REQUIREMENTS • On-board diagnostics requirements for gasoline, LPG, NG and diesel. • Measurement of HC and CO at -7°C (266K) during the urban part of the • Enhanced evaporative emissions requirements. revised NEDC (780 seconds). • Low temperature test for gasoline vehicles. • Deterioration factors are not applied. • Quality of market gasoline and diesel fuels (Dir 98/70/EC as amended by • Reference fuel option with higher Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) and density. 2003/17/EC). • Gaseous fuel (LPG or NG) vehicles are exempt for the low temperature test. • Cold CO test. Low temperature test CO Limit THC Limit Vehicle Category (g/km) (g/km) M1 and N1 CL1 < 2.5t GVW and/or ≤ 6 seats 15 1.8 New types from 1/2002 N1 CL2, M1 > 6 seats, 2.5t < GVW ≤ 3.5t 24 2.7 New types from 1/2003 N1 CL3 30 3.2 New types from 1/2003 EXHAUST OBD CO2/FE FUELS EVAP ELECTRIFICATION MOTORCYCLE 5 EXHAUST OBD CO2/FE FUELS EVAP ELECTRIFICATION MOTORCYCLE 6 EUROPEAN UNION EURO 1-4 passenger cars Class M (≤ 2.500 kg GVW, ≤ 6 seats) Euro 1 (EC 93) Euro 2 (EC 96) Euro 3 (EC 2000) Euro 4 (EC 2005) Directive 91/441/EEC or 93/59/EEC 94/12/EC or 96/69/EC 70/220/EC, as amended by 98/69/EC and 2003/76/EC Application date TA 7/1992, FR 1/1993 TA 1/1996, FR 1/1997 TA 1/2000, FR 1/2001 TA 1/2005, FR 1/2006 Test type Urban (40 sec idle) + EUDC Revised Urban + EUDC Positive ignition Compression Positive ignition Compression Positive ignition Compression Positive ignition Compression Combustion type (PI) ignition (CI) (PI) ignition (CI) 2) (PI) ignition (CI) (PI) ignition (CI) 4) HC g/km – – – – 0.2 – 0.1 – NOx g/km – – – – 0.15 0.5 0.08 0.25 HC+NOx g/km 0.97 (1.13) 1) 0.97 (1.13) 1) 0.5 0.7 – 0.56 – 0.3 CO g/km 2.72 (3.16) 1) 2.72 (3.16) 1) 2.2 1.0 2.3 0.64 1.0 0.5 PM mg/km – 140 (180) 1) – 80 – 50 – 25 CO: 1.1 CO: 1.1 CO: 1.1 CO: 1.1 Deterioration CO, HC+NOx: 1.4 HC+NOx: 1.0 CO, HC, NOx: 1.5 HC+NOx: 1.0 CO, HC, NOx: 1.2 HC+NOx, CO, HC, NOx: 1.2 HC+NOx, factors PM: 1.2 PM: 1.3 NOx: 1.0 PM: 1.2 NOx: 1.0 PM: 1.2 Durability km 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 or 5 years 80,000 or 5 years 100,000 or 5 years3) 100,000 or 5 years3) EOBD – – – – EOBD EOBD EOBD EOBD 1) COP values in brackets. 3) Required recording of in-use durability. 2) Limits for IDI Diesel. For DI Diesel up to 10/1999: HC+NOx: 0.9 g/km, CO 1g/km, PM 100 mg/ 4) Up to 12/2002 Diesel cars with GVW > 2T and > 6 seats or off-road vehicles were considered km. as N1 vehicles. EUROPEAN UNION EURO 1-4 Large passenger cars and light commercial vehicles N1 (M > 2,500 kg GVW, 7-9 seats, LCV ≤ 3,500 kg GVW) Euro 1 (EC 93) Euro 2 (EC 96) Euro 3 (EC 2000) Euro 4 (EC 2005) Directive 93/59/EEC 94/12/EC or 96/44/EC, 93/116/EC 70/220/EC, as amended by 98/69/EC and 2003/76/EC Vehicle class CL 1 4) CL 2 4) CL 3 4) CL 1 4) CL 2 4) CL 3 4) CL 1 CL 2 CL 3 3) CL 1 CL 2 CL 3 3) TA 10/1993, TA 1/97, TA 1/98, TA 1/98, TA 1/2000, TA 1/2001, TA 1/2005, TA 1/2006, Application date FR 10/1994 FR 10/97 FR 10/98 FR 10/99 FR 1/2001 FR 1/2002 FR 1/2006 FR 1/2007 Test type Urban (40 sec idle) + EUDC Revised Urban + EUDC Combustion type Same limits for PI and CI PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI HC g/km – – – – – – – – – 0.2 – 0.25 – 0.29 – 0.1 – 0.13 – 0.16 – NOx g/km – – – – – – – – – 0.15 0.5 0.18 0.65 0.21 0.78 0.08 0.25 0.1 0.33 0.11 0.39 0.97 1.4 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.2 HC+NOx 1) g/km 0.5 0.6 0.7 – 0.56 – 0.72 – 0.86 – 0.3 – 0.39 – 0.46 (1.13) (1.6) (2.0) (0.9) (1.3) (1.6) 2.72 5.17 6.9 CO 1) g/km 2.2 1 4.0 1.25 5.0 1.5 2.3 0.64 4.17 0.8 5.22 0.95 1.0 0.5 1.81 0.63 2.27 0.74 (3.16) (6.0) (8.0) 140 190 250 80 120 170 PM 1) 2) mg/km – – – – 50 – 70 – 100 – 25 – 40 – 60 (180) (220) (290) (100) (140) (200) 1) COP values in brackets.
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