Fenomén Úřednických Vlád V Belgii Bakalářská Práce

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fenomén Úřednických Vlád V Belgii Bakalářská Práce MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta sociálních studií Katedra politologie Fenomén úřednických vlád v Belgii Bakalářská práce Eliška Čermáková (UČO 397909) Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Michal Pink, Ph.D. Politologie – Mediální studia a žurnalistika Imatrikulační ročník 2011 V Brně dne 28. 4. 2014 1 Prohlášení o autorství práce Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci Fenomén úřednických vlád v Belgii vypracovala samostatně a použila jen zdroje uvedené v seznamu literatury. V Brně, 28. 4. 2014 podpis …........................................ Eliška Čermáková 2 Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala svému vedoucímu bakalářské práce Mgr. Michalu Pinkovi, Ph.D. za odborné vedení, cennou pomoc při zpracování textu a vstřícný přístup. Dále bych chtěla poděkovat své rodině, která mne při tvorbě práce i v průběhu celého studia velmi podporovala. 3 Anotace Cílem této bakalářské práce je představení fenoménu úřednických vlád v Belgii v kontextu specifik belgické politiky. Text se zabývá povahou a složením čtyř úřednických vlád v historii Belgie s důrazem na úřednické kabinety Guye Verhofstadta a Yvese Letermeho. Na základě tří znaků nabízí práce ucelený obraz toho, jaké jsou důvody vzniku, složení a budoucí vývoj úřednických vlád v Belgii. Klíčová slova Úřednická vláda, Paul Vanden Boyenants, Wilfried Martens, Guy Verhofstadt, Yves Leterme, Belgie, belgická politika Annotation The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to introduce the caretaker government phenomenon in Belgium in the context of specific features of belgian politics. The paper delas with the character and structure of four caretaker governments in belgian history, with emphasis on the caretaker cabinets of Guy Verhofstadt and Yves Leterme. Based on three arguments, the paper presents the reasons of forming a caretaker government in Belgium, its composition and future. Keywords Caretaker government, Paul Vanden Boyenants, Wilfried Martens, Guy Verhofstadt, Yves Leterme, Belgium, belgian politics Počet znaků: 797762 4 OBSAH OBSAH ................................................................................................................................................ 5 TEORETICKÁ ČÁST ......................................................................................................................... 6 1. Úvod ................................................................................................................................................. 6 2. Základní nástroje a cíle .................................................................................................................... 8 3. Pojmosloví ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3. 1. Vláda ........................................................................................................................................ 9 3. 1. 1. Poznámka k termínům v českém a mezinárodním kontextu.......................................... 10 3. 2 Úřednická vláda ...................................................................................................................... 11 3. 2. 1. Poznámka k termínům v českém a mezinárodním kontextu.......................................... 11 EMPIRICKÁ ČÁST .......................................................................................................................... 13 4. Historický kontext .......................................................................................................................... 13 5. Charakter belgických vlád ............................................................................................................. 15 5. 1. Povaha stranického systému .................................................................................................. 15 5. 2. Sestavování vlády .................................................................................................................. 16 5. 2. 1. Vztah exekutivy a legislativy ......................................................................................... 17 6. Úřednické vlády v Belgii ............................................................................................................... 18 6. 1. Vznik úřednického kabinetu Paula Vandena Boyenantse II .................................................. 19 6. 2. Vznik úřednického kabinetu Wilfrieda Martense VII ............................................................ 24 6. 3. Období krize 2007 – 2011 ...................................................................................................... 29 6. 4. Úřednický kabinet Guye Verhofstadta III .............................................................................. 29 6. 5. Úřednický kabinet Yvese Letermeho II................................................................................. 31 7. Komparace úřednických vlád......................................................................................................... 35 8. Závěr .............................................................................................................................................. 37 PŘÍLOHY .......................................................................................................................................... 39 POUŽITÉ ZDROJE A LITERATURA .............................................................................................. 43 5 TEORETICKÁ ČÁST 1. Úvod Cílem předložené práce je popsat fenomén úřednických vlád v Belgii, přičemž výzkumná otázka, na kterou se text bude snažit odpovědět, je: Jaké jsou společné znaky úřednických kabinetů v Belgii? Zvolené téma představuje výzvu pro podrobnější analýzu z několika důvodů. Prvním jsou specifické rysy belgické politiky, jak na úrovni federální, tak regionální. Belgie prošla v posledních dekádách složitým procesem federalizace, který byl reakcí na antagonistické střety mezi Vlámy a Valony. Tento přechod od jednoduchého institucionálně-politického uspořádání k extrémně komplexnímu systému1 značil konec předvídatelnosti belgické politiky. Belgické království reprezentuje zemi s nesmírně komplikovaným procesem sestavování vlády. Děje se tak v důsledku nadměrné roztříštěnosti stranického systému2 a velkého počtu stran ve vládě. Ve srovnávací evropské perspektivě se Belgie umisťuje na prvních příčkách v nejdelším období od voleb do vzniku nové exekutivy. (De Winter et al. In Müller, Strøm 2000: 351) V případech, kdy se politické elity nebyly schopny dohodnout na nové vládě, bylo přistoupeno k úřednickému řešení. V historii Belgie se objevily čtyři úřednické vlády – 1978, 1987, 2007 – 2008 a 2009 – 20103. Od roku 2007 se země nachází v politické krizi, jež ovlivňuje činnost celého politického systému, včetně sestavování vlády. Po parlamentních volbách v roce 2010 Belgie dosáhla světového rekordu v nejdelším období „bezvládí“, které trvalo 541 dní, a překročila tak svou hranici 196 dní z roku 2007. (Aelst, Louwerse 2013: 2) Zároveň překonala své dosud nejdelší období bez plnohodnotné vlády. (Devos, Sinardet 2012: 167) Tyto události vyvolaly bouřlivé reakce ze strany veřejnosti. Teritoriální spory se vyostřily. V mezinárodním tisku se objevovaly titulky „Kdo potřebuje Belgii“4 s úvahami o rozdělení státu na nezávislé Flandry a malou Belgii sestávající z Valonska a Bruselu. (Deschouwer 2009: 1) Vzhledem k nastíněné povaze politického systému je fenomén belgických úřednických kabinetů zajímavým jevem pro hlubší zkoumání. Vybrané téma s sebou však přináší limity v 1 Tzv. Madisonská demokracie. (Devos, Sinardet 2012: 167) 2 Ve stranickém systému se odráží nejméně tři štěpící linie. Více viz kapit. Historický kontext. 3 Údaje se zdroj od zdroje nepatrně liší. Databáze Parliament and government composition database zahrnuje pod pojem úřednická vláda jakýkoliv kabinet, který setrval ve funkci, byť jako menšinový, do sestavení nové vlády. Tento text pracuje se čtyřmi belgickými úřednickými vládami. Tři z nich jsou takto označeny autory, z nichž práce vychází. Pro srov. De Winter et al. In Müller, Strøm 2000: 300 – 355 a Dandoy 2011: 299 – 317. Úřednická vláda Yvese Letermeho II v letech 2009 – 2010 je vygradováním situace, již byly tři zmíněné vlády předvojem. 4 Z angl. „Who needs Belgium?“, zněl titulek britského týdeníku The Economist. (Deschouwer 2009: 1) 6 podobě odborné literatury5. Klíčoví autoři, ze kterých text vychází, jsou Kris Deschouwer a The politics of Belgium: Governing a divided society, Régis Dandoy, Wilfried Swenden, Lieven De Winter a Marleen Brans. V empirické části pracujeme s daty z publikace Coalition Governments in Western Europe Wolfganga C. Müllera a Kaare Strøma, s aktualizovanými databázemi Parliament and government composition database, PARLINE database on national parliaments a Centre de recherche et d`information socio-politiques. 5 Limity jsou patrné v omezené bázi pramenů na téma úřednických vlád 2007 – 2008 a 2009 – 2010 a v obtížné dohledatelnosti dat z druhé poloviny 20. století. 7 2. Základní nástroje a cíle Práce je členěna na dvě hlavní části. Po úvodu do problematiky a vymezení použitých nástrojů jsou v první části vysvětleny termíny vláda a úřednická vláda a jejich ekvivalenty v cizích jazycích, které se mohou v mnoha případech významově lišit. Druhá, empirická část, se věnuje analýze fenoménu úřednických vlád v Belgii. Tato část vyžaduje hlubší pohled do historie Belgie, především na otázky týkající se autonomistických tendencí Vlámské a Valonské jazykové komunity a regionu, jež rozdělily belgický stranický systém na dva odlišné systémy. Spolu se znaky
Recommended publications
  • Programme Outline
    OFFICE UNITED KINGDOM AND IRELAND PROGRAMME LONDON EVENTS 2014 EUROPE’S ECONOMY FROM 2014-2019: RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE NEW TERM 8th-9th April 2014 Workshop – 8th April 2014 Venue: Convocation Hall, Church House, Dean’s Yard, Westminster SW1P 3NZ 13.30 Registration Tea and Coffee 14.00 Welcome: Hans Blomeier, Director, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, London Office Roland Freudenstein, Deputy Director, Martens Centre 14.15 Monetary and Fiscal Policy The German Constitutional Court’s decision to refer its ruling on the Outright Monetary Transactions programme of the European Central Bank to Luxembourg is the latest example of evolving arguments over the nature of monetary policy in the Eurozone. This highlights the continued split between national and European perspectives, and the contested extent to which the mandate of the ECB is sufficient to meet the challenges the Euro may face. On a wider level, the issue of variable geometry, and different schemes for taxes on a European level, are likely to re-emerge in the course of the next Parliament. Introduction: Professor Hans Geeroms, KU Leuven and College of Europe Gabriel Glöckler, Head of Division, Directorate General Secretariat, European Central Bank Moderator: Professor John Ryan, University of Cambridge 15:45 Coffee Auslandsbüro Großbritannien der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. | Eccleston Square 63D | SW1V 1PH London | www.kas.de/london 16.15 The Road to Competitiveness Large swathes of the Eurozone, and of the EU at large, have become uncompetitive. For the countries involved, the road to competitiveness is not an easy one as many of the necessary measures will run into strong opposition from vested interests and even from the citizens themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-Activity-Report.Pdf
    — 2020 — WILFRIED MARTENS CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES ACTIVITY REPORT © February 2021 - Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies 2020’s label will unfortunately be, above all, the year of Table of Contents the COVID-19 pandemic. It has marked the fates of many people, the way of life we used to enjoy, the way in which we communicated and worked, and in fact the entire world. On one hand, it has caused unprecedent fear for Welcome 04 human lives, but on the other hand it stimulated signifi- cant ones, such as the great effort to effectively coordi- nate the fight against the virus and the decision to create the Recovery Fund – Next Generation EU. However, we Publications 07 ended the year with the faith that the vaccines humanity European View 08 developed will save human lives and gradually get the Publications in 2020 10 situation under control, also eliminating the pandemic’s devastating impact on the economy. Another sad moment of 2020 for the EU was, of course, the UK’s official exit. It was a very painful process, but Events 13 largely chaotic on the British side. Even though we Events in 2020 14 parted “in an orderly fashion”, the consequences will be Economic Ideas Forum Brussels 2020 16 felt on both sides for years to come. 10th Transatlantic Think Tank Conference 20 Another unquestionably significant event of 2020 was the US presidential election. The pandemic, along with the events surrounding the US election, such as the Common Projects 23 attack on the Capitol, proved how fragile democracy NET@WORK 24 is, as are we.
    [Show full text]
  • Doers Dreamers Ors Disrupt &
    POLITICO.EU DECEMBER 2018 Doers Dreamers THE PEOPLE WHO WILL SHAPE & Disrupt EUROPE IN THE ors COMING YEAR In the waves of change, we find our true drive Q8 is an evolving future proof company in this rapidly changing age. Q8 is growing to become a broad mobility player, by building on its current business to provide sustainable ‘fuel’ and services for all costumers. SOMEONE'S GOT TO TAKE THE LEAD Develop emission-free eTrucks for the future of freight transport. Who else but MAN. Anzeige_230x277_eTrucks_EN_181030.indd 1 31.10.18 10:29 11 CONTENTS No. 1: Matteo Salvini 8 + Where are Christian Lindner didn’t they now? live up to the hype — or did he? 17 The doers 42 In Germany, Has the left finally found its a new divide answer to right-wing nationalism? 49 The dreamers Artwork 74 85 Cover illustration by Simón Prades for POLITICO All illustrated An Italian The portraits African refugees face growing by Paul Ryding for unwelcome resentment in the country’s south disruptors POLITICO 4 POLITICO 28 SPONSORED CONTENT PRESENTED BY WILFRIED MARTENS CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES THE EAST-WEST EU MARRIAGE: IT’S NOT TOO LATE TO TALK 2019 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS ARE A CHANCE TO LEARN FROM LESSONS OF THE PAST AND BRING NATIONS CLOSER TOGETHER BY MIKULÁŠ DZURINDA, PRESIDENT, WILFRIED MARTENS CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES The East-West relationship is like the cliché between an Eastern bride and a Western man. She is beautiful but poor and with a slightly troubled past. He is rich and comfortable. The West which feels underappreciated and the East, which has the impression of not being heard.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Newsletter Ambassade De Belgique À Vienne – Ambassade Van België in Wenen Ambassade De Belgique À Vienne – Ambassade Van België in Wenen
    Newsletter Newsletter Ambassade de Belgique à Vienne – Ambassade van België in Wenen Ambassade de Belgique à Vienne – Ambassade van België in Wenen 15. 1-4-2008 Federale regering Gouvernement fédéral Op 20 maart 2008 legde de nieuwe regering, Le 20 mars 2008, le nouveau gouvernement aangevoerd door Yves Leterme, op het fédéral mené par Yves Leterme a prêté Kasteel te Laken de eed af. De regering is serment au Château de Laeken. Le samengesteld uit vijftien Ministers en zeven gouvernement est composé de quinze Staatssecretarissen (zie pagina 2). Ministres et de sept Secrétaires d'Etat (lire en page 2). Namen van links naar rechts, van onder naar boven - De gauche à droite, de bas en haut: Marie Arena, Pieter De Crem, Sabine Laruelle, Jo Vandeurzen, Patrick Dewael, Yves Leterme, Didier Reynders, Laurette Onkelinx, Karel De Gucht, Joëlle Milquet, Frédéric Laloux, Julie Fernandez-Fernandez, Melchior Wathelet, Annemie Turtelboom, Olivier Chastel, Etienne Schouppe, Vincent Van Quickenborne, Charles Michel, Inge Vervotte, Paul Magnette, Carl Devlies Inhoud Sommaire Samenstelling van de federale regering P. 2 Composition du gouvernement fédéral P. 2 Commemoratie in Mauthausen P. 3 Commémoration à Mauthausen P. 3 Cultuur P. 4 Culture P. 4 In het kort P. 5 En bref P. 5 Nieuwigheden op de Ambassade P. 6 Quoi de neuf à l'Ambassade ? P. 6 Consulair nieuws P. 6 Nouvelles consulaires P. 6 Wohllebengasse 6 – 1040 Wien – Tel: (01) 502 07 0 – Fax: (01) 502 07 11 / 22 – [email protected] - www.diplomatie.be/vienna/ 2 Samenstelling van de federale regering
    [Show full text]
  • Political Foundations Dorota Dakowska
    Political foundations Dorota Dakowska To cite this version: Dorota Dakowska. Political foundations. Hélène Michel, Élisabeth Lambert Abdelgawad. Dictionary of European actors„ Larcier, 2015. hal-01184289 HAL Id: hal-01184289 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01184289 Submitted on 14 Aug 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Dorota Dakowska POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS in: Hélène Michel, Élisabeth Lambert Abdelgawad (Eds.), Dictionary of European actors, Brussels, Larcier, 2015, p. 287-290. While political foundations are little known actors of the European public space, they deserve consideration on several accounts. First, studying them allows us to analyze how European institutions recognize actors that are not among their usual contacts. Then, reflecting on the close ties between these foundations and political parties at the European level enriches knowledge of transnational transfers and networks. The term “political foundation” comes from the Federal Republic of Germany, where these organizations, funded almost exclusively by public money, have held a highly institutionalized role for over half a century (Dakowska, 2014). The foundations, which have close ties to the political parties represented in the Bundestag, offer “political education” programs to citizens. Operating in around a hundred countries, they take part in the implementation of foreign policy and development aid.
    [Show full text]
  • Belgian National Report on Drugs 2013
    BELGIAN NATIONAL REPORT ON DRUGS 2013 NEW DEVELOPMENTS, TRENDS AND IN-DEPTH INFORMATION ON SELECTED ISSUES ELS PLETTINCKX | JÉRÔME ANTOINE | PETER BLANCKAERT | JOHAN C. H. VAN BUSSEL Belgian national report on drugs 2013 OD Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, October 2013, Brussels, Belgium IPH/EPI REPORTS N° 028 Depot number: D/2013/2505/46 Belgian national report on drugs 2013 Els Plettinckx Jérôme Antoine Peter Blanckaert Johan C.H. van Bussel EMCDDA Management Board Mr. Claude GILLARD, Legal adviser, Head of the Department of criminal law, Direction Générale de la législation du Service Public Fédéral Justice Dr. Philippe DEMOULIN, Deputy Director General f.f., Administration de la Communauté française de Belgique EMCDDA Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Brice DE RUYVER, Full Professor, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP), University of Ghent Ministers involved in the global and integrated drug policy in Belgium 2013 For the Federal government: Mr. Elio DI RUPO, Prime Minister. Mrs. Laurette ONKELINX, Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs, in charge of Beleris and the Federal Cultural Institutions. Mme. Joelle MILQUET, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of the interior and Equal Opportunities. Mr. Didier REYNDERS, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and European Affairs. Mr. Steven VANACKERE, Vice-Prime Minister, and Minister of Finance and sustainable development, in charge of official affairs. Mr. Vincent VAN QUICKENBORNE, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions. Mr. Johan VANDE LANOTTE, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Economy, Consumers and North Sea. Mrs. Sabine LARUELLE, Minister of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Self-employed persons and Agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Martensns Centre Research Papers Layout Template
    The Empire Strikes Back Brexit, History and the Decline of Global Britain Eoin Drea The Empire Strikes Back Brexit, History and the Decline of Global Britain Eoin Drea Credits Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies Rue du Commerce 20 Brussels, BE - 1000 The Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies is the political foundation and think tank of the European People’s Party (EPP), dedicated to the promotion of Christian Democrat, conservative and like-minded political values. For more information please visit: www.martenscentre.eu Editor: Eoin Drea, Senior Research Officer, Martens Centre External editing: Communicative English bvba Layout and cover design: RARO S.L. Typesetting: Victoria Agency Printed in Belgium by Drukkerij Jo Vandenbulcke This publication has received funding from the European Parliament. © 2019 Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies The European Parliament and the Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies assume no responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication or their subsequent use. Sole responsibility lies with the author of this publication. Table of Contents About the Martens Centre 04 About the author 06 Executive summary 08 Introduction 12 The triumph of the past 16 The centrality of history 19 Brexit and the lost lessons of the Suez crisis 26 Imperial Brexit and the failure of Britain’s Europe 30 The failure to build a British Europe 32 Economic crisis 34 The decline of global Britain 35 Historical narratives and declinism in the 2016 referendum 36 Britain as the ‘King Lear of the diplomatic world’ 38 ‘You cannot free yourself from imaginary oppression’ 40 Bibliography 42 Keywords Brexit – European Union – British Empire – History – Global Britain – European integration About the Martens Centre The Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, established in 2007, is the political foundation and think tank of the European People’s Party (EPP).
    [Show full text]
  • Brexit, Northern Ireland and the Irish Border
    Brexit, Northern Ireland and the Irish Border Although concerns around immigration and the prospect of future 31 January 2018 trade-agreements dominated the Brexit campaign, it is the future 12:30– 14:30 status of the Irish Border that has proven to be one of the biggest stumbling blocks in negotiations to date.Matters have been further complicated by the ongoing political impasse in Northern Ireland’s Martens Centre devolved parliament of Stormont and by the decision of Theresa Rue de Commerce 20 May’s government to enter into a parliamentary arrangement with the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). 1st floor 1000 Brussels The decision to move to Phase 2 of Brexit negotiations in December 2017 throws up further questions which impact significantly on the Republic of Ireland’s relationship with both Northern Ireland and Britain. How can a “hard border” on the island of Ireland be avoided if Britain leaves the single market? Will Brexit impact the peace process underpinned by the Good Friday agreement of 1998? How have the DUP accrued so much power in these negotiations? Join our panel of experts to discuss these important questions. PROGRAMME 12:30 Registration and light lunch 13:00 Welcome remarks: Tomi Huhtanen, Executive Director, Martens Centre Panel Discussion 13:05 Dara Murphy, EPP Vice-President and Campaign Director, Former Irish Minister of State for European Affairs and the Digital Single Market Tony Connelly, RTE (Irish State Broadcaster) European Correspondent Nina Schick, Political Advisor (TBC) Moderated by: Roland Freudenstein, Policy Director, Martens Centre 14:00 Q&A Dara Murphy is an Irish MP and a member of Ireland's(renamed government the Party, Wilfried Fine Gael.
    [Show full text]
  • What You Should Know About Covid-19
    N°74/March 2021 EPFMA BULLETIN European Parliament Former Members Association www.formermembers.eu WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT COVID-19 Current Affairs FMA Activities “A new chapter in transatlantic Together for the relations” by Josep Future of Europe Borrell Fontelles Page 05 Page 30 2 FMA BULLETIN 74 - MARCH 2021 IN THIS ISSUE 03 Message from the President FOCUS 31 Former members network 04 EP at work 12 Europe’s Recovery Plan 32 EP to Campus Programme (Elisa Ferreira) 35 Book Review CURRENT AFFAIRS 14 Economic Consequences through COVID 19 05 A new chapter in and the Recovery Plan transatlantic relations (Ivailo Kalfin) LATEST NEWS (Josep Borrell Fontelles) 16 Drug landscape for 37 Activities 06 U.S. election result: a glimmer severe COVID-19 disease 39 In memoriam of hope ... (Zita Gurmai) (Prof. Flavia Franconi) 07 There is no strength without 18 Psychological explanations unity (Brian Crowley) and consequences (Nadja Hirsch) 08 How Brexit happened (Edward McMillan-Scott) 20 Nutrition and COVID-19 (Dr Carlos Enrique Rodríguez 09 AI could be what we want it Jiménez) Safer Internet Day (9 February to be (Zofija Mazej Kukovič) 22 Overview of the Pandemic 2021) was a call to action to contribute to a safer and (Prof. Isabella De Martini) 10 Europe 2020, a better internet, especially renewed momentum Quarantine on Syros Island for its youngest users, to be (Michel-Ange Scarbonchi) 24 (Anna Karamanou) prepared to handle digital technologies responsibly, FMA ACTIVITIES respectfully, critically and creatively. 26 Together for the Future of Europe CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS: The Editorial Board would like to thank all those members who took the time to contribute to this issue of the FMA Bulletin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Norwegian Progress Party: an Established Populist Party Johan Bjerkem
    EUROPeAN VIeW DOI 10.1007/s12290-016-0404-8 ARTICLE The Norwegian Progress Party: an established populist party Johan Bjerkem © The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract This article sheds light on one of Europe’s successful right-wing populist parties, the Norwegian Progress Party. Since 2013 the party has been in a coalition with the Conservative Party. The history, ideology and position of the party in the Norwegian political system are factors that explain how a centre–right party and a populist one have been able to form a viable coalition. Over time the Progress Party has become increasingly well integrated into the political system. The fact that no cordon sanitaire or total boycott policy was implemented against it may explain why the party developed a more moderate and pragmatic approach than most other right-wing populist parties. In turn, this made it possible for the Conservative Party to offer to form a coalition with the Progress Party and placed the centre–right in the strategic position of cooperating with parties both in the centre and to the right. Keywords Populism | Right-wing politics | Political parties | Centre–right | Norway | The Progress Party J. Bjerkem (*) Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, Rue du Commerce 20, 1000 Brussels, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] 1 3 EUROPEAN VIEW Introduction The Norwegian Progress Party is an example of a successful European populist party which has not only gained seats in parliament, but has also become a governing party. Established in the early 1970s, mainly as an anti-tax protest party, it transformed into an anti-immigration and anti-establishment party in the 1980s, before positioning itself as one of the main political forces in Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • «Poor Family Name», «Rich First Name»
    ENCIU Ioan (S&D / RO) Manager, Administrative Sciences Graduate, Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Institute of Construction, Bucharest (1976); Graduate, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest (2003). Head of section, assistant head of brigade, SOCED, Bucharest (1976-1990); Executive Director, SC ACRO SRL, Bucharest (1990-1992); Executive Director, SC METACC SRL, Bucharest (1992-1996); Director of Production, SC CASTOR SRL, Bucharest (1996-1997); Assistant Director-General, SC ACRO SRL, Bucharest (1997-2000); Consultant, SC GKS Special Advertising SRL (2004-2008); Consultant, SC Monolit Lake Residence SRL (2008-2009). Vice-President, Bucharest branch, Romanian Party of Social Solidarity (PSSR) (1992-1994); Member of National Council, Bucharest branch Council and Sector 1 Executive, Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR) (1994-2000); Member of National Council, Bucharest branch Council and Bucharest branch Executive and Vice-President, Bucharest branch, Social Democratic Party (PSD) (2000-present). Local councillor, Sector 1, Bucharest (1996-2000); Councillor, Bucharest Municipal Council (2000-2001); Deputy Mayor of Bucharest (2000-2004); Councillor, Bucharest Municipal Council (2004-2007). ABELA BALDACCHINO Claudette (S&D / MT) Journalist Diploma in Social Studies (Women and Development) (1999); BA (Hons) in Social Administration (2005). Public Service Employee (1992-1996); Senior Journalist, Newscaster, presenter and producer for Television, Radio and newspaper' (1995-2011); Principal (Public Service), currently on long
    [Show full text]
  • DE2020:16 Evaluation of Democracy Support Through Swedish Political
    2020:16 Sida Decentralised Evaluation FCG Sweden and Tana Copenhagen Evaluation of Democracy Support through Swedish Political Party Affiliated Organisations Part II: Methods for supporting women’s political influence Final Report Evaluation of Democracy Support through Swedish Political Party Affiliated Organisations Part II: Methods for supporting women’s political influence Final Report April 2020 Agneta Gunnarsson Kristen Sample Marianne Victor Hansen Jonas Lövkrona Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2020:16 Sida Authors: Agneta Gunnarsson, Kristen Sample, Marianne Victor Hansen, Jonas Lövkrona The views and interpretations expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2020:16 Commissioned by Sida, Department for International Organisations and Thematic Support Copyright: Sida and the authors Date of final report: 2020-04-16 Published by Nordic Morning 2020 Art. no. Sida62313en urn:nbn:se:sida-62313en This publication can be downloaded from: http://www.sida.se/publications SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY Address: SE-105 25 Stockholm, Sweden. Office: Valhallavägen 199, Stockholm Telephone: +46 (0)8-698 50 00. Telefax: +46 (0)8-20 88 64 E-mail: [email protected]. Homepage: http://www.sida.se Table of contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................ 3 Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]