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Agama Hindu) Sangat Tergantung Kepada Pengetahuan Terhadap Kitab Suci (Kitab Suci Veda)

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Agama Hindu) Sangat Tergantung Kepada Pengetahuan Terhadap Kitab Suci (Kitab Suci Veda) DASAR-DASAR hindu dharma DALAM PERSPEKTIF BHAKTI MARGA Edisi Revisi Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta Lingkup Hak Cipta Pasal 1 1. Hak Cipta adalah hak eksklusif pencipta yang timbul secara otomatis berdasarkan prinsip deklaratif setelah suatu ciptaan diwujudkan dalam bentuk nyata tanpa mengurangi pembatasan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Ketentuan Pidana Pasal 113 1. Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf I untuk Penggunaan Secara Komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan / atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp. 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah). 2. Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan / atau tanpa izin Pencipta atau pemegang Hak Cipta melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi Pencipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf c, huruf d, huruf f, dan / atau huruf h untuk Penggunaan Secara Komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun dan / atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). DASAR-DASAR hindu dharma DALAM PERSPEKTIF BHAKTI MARGA Edisi Revisi Wayan Widyantara (VIDURA DAS. AD) UDAYANA UNIVErsiTY PREss 2019 DASAR-DASAR hindu dharma DALAM PERSPEKTIF BHAKTI MARGA Edisi Revisi Penulis: Wayan Widyantara (VIDURa daS. ad) Editor: Jiwa Atmaja Cover & Ilustrasi: Repro Design & Lay Out: I Wayan Madita Diterbitkan oleh: Udayana University Press Kampus Universitas Udayana denpasar Jl. P.B. Sudirman, denpasar - Bali telp. (0361) 255128 [email protected] http://penerbit.unud.ac.id Bekerjasama dengan: Yayasan darma duta Indonesia Cetakan Pertama: 2019, xii + 204 hlm, 15 x 23 cm ISBN: 978-602-294-360-0 Hak Cipta pada Penulis. Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang : Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. v Didedikasikan Kepada: Guru Spiritualku dan Mereka yang Tulus Melaksakan Agama dengan Rasa Bhakti v PRAWACANA “Om namo narayana ya” “Vande’ham sri guroh sri-gita padakamala ya” Hidup sejahtera di dunia material ini, tergantung dari kemurnian pelaksanaan Agama, yang bersandar pada personalitas Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Segala sesuatu di dunia material ini berasal dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa mulai dari planet tertinggi sampai planet yang terrendah. Tuhan memelihara alam material ini melalui perbanyakan paripurnaNya, dan agen-agen materialnya. Kemurnian pelaksaan agama (Agama Hindu) sangat tergantung kepada pengetahuan terhadap kitab suci (kitab suci Veda). Pada jaman sekarang, jaman Kali Yuga, yang telah dimulai 5000 tahun yang lalu, mayoritas generasi muda Hindu dimanapun ia berada, tidak banyak mengetahui dan belum mengerti inti sari Veda, yang merupakan kitab suci agamanya (Agama Hindu). Mereka melaksanakan agama dominan sesuai dengan budaya setempat (desa), yang merupakan kebiasaan-kebisaan dari para pendahulunya. Oleh karena itu penulis setelah lima tahun mengajar mata kuliah Agama Hindu di Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana memandang perlu untuk menyampaikan dasar agama dalam persepektif bhakti marga. Penulis berusaha menyusun buku ini sebagai jalan pembuka masuk untuk memulai belajar agama sesuai dengan filsafat kitab sucinya. Buku ini disusun berdasarkan uraian yang tercantum dalam kitab suci Veda, khususnya Bhagavadgita dan Srimad Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana). Bhagavadgita merupakan sabda Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, dan Srimad Bhagavatam merupakan uraian tentang kegiatan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Tulisan ini juga dilengkapi dengan bukti-bukti otentik berupa sloka-sloka atau ayat-ayat suci yang disesuaikan dengan topik bahasan. Setelah membaca buku ini, diharapkan kepada para pembaca termotivasi v untuk mulai belajar agama sesuai penjelasan Veda, dan penjelasan para Rsi–Acarya. Demikian pula agar para pembaca pemula semakin tumbuh saddhana dan sradhanya terhadap agamanya. Buku ini lebih menekankan kepada filsafat Hindu Dharma (Agama Hindu), dan etika, bukan pada tatanan upacara. Buku ini, yang merupakan revisi dari buku Pengantar Agama Hindu Untuk Sisya Pemula, menyajikan bahasan pokok dalam perspektif bhakti sebagai bahan pelajaran dasar, untuk memberikan semangat usaha bhakti kepada umat Hindu Dharma agar dapat melaksanakan bhakti kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Kitab Suci Veda membahas permasalah yang sangat-sangat luas dan komplek, meliputi karma kanda (kuwajiban), jnana kanda (pengetahuan) dan upasana kanda (bhakti marga). Kitab Suci Veda menjelaskan pengetahuan rohani– pengetahuan di luar jangkauan indra-indra dan pikiran, dan juga di luar pengetahuan material yaitu pengetahuan untuk memenuhi kepuasan indria, baik yang bersifat satvam, rajas maupun tamas. Bhakti yang murni mempunyai energi yang sangat kuat untuk dapat mengatasi segala permasalahan hidup secara efektif. Dengan hanya membaca-mempelajari kitab Bhagavadgita, Bhagavata Purana (Srimad bhagavatam), Caitanya Caritamrta, Upadesamrta, dan Lautan Manisnya Rasa Bhakti, diharapkan telah dapat mengerti bhakti yang murni kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, dan kalau dilaksanakan dengan sungguh-sungguh, tujuan beragama (Agama Hindu) yaitu ketidak terikatan (mukti/moksa) dapat segera tercapai dalam hidup ini. Berdasarkan bahan bacaan yang disajikan, diharapkan para pembaca minimal : 1. Mempunyai pengetahuan dan keyakinan yang teguh tentang Agama Hindu, yang sumbernya Kitab Suci Veda. 2. Mengenal bagian-bagian Kitab Suci Veda. 3. Dapat mulai belajar membaca sloka-sloka Veda, khususnya Bhagavadgita 4. Dapat memilih alternatif jalan hidup minimal, untuk dapat melakukan perubahan terhadap karmanya, dan memungkinkan untuk malakukan karma yang lebih baik. v 5. Dengan harapan yang lebih tinggi, supaya pembaca mulai melaksanakan penebusan dosa dalam hidup ini, sehingga tujuan hidup sebagai manusia tercapai. Bagi mereka yang sungguh-sungguh ingin menjadi penganut/ pengikut Veda (agamawan/spiritual), disarankan melanjutkan belajar Veda dengan tekun secara utuh dan lengkap di Pasraman–Pasraman Hindu, agar memperoleh bimbingan dari Guru Kerohanian yang bonafid, dan pergaulan para sadhu. Om santhi santhi santhi, Hari Om Om tat sat Denpasar, Juli (Shayani Ekadasi), 2019 Penyusun v DAFTAR ISI Prawacana ............................................................................... v Daftar Isi ............................................................................... vii Bab I Pendahuluan .................................................................... 1 1. Menghormati Kitab Suci Weda ........................................ 1 2. Tujuan Pembelajaran Hindu Dharma ............................... 4 Bab II Hindu Dharma (Agama Hindu) ..................................... 7 1. Definisi Agama ................................................................. 7 2. Tujuan Beragama (Hindu Dharma) .................................. 13 3. Macam Agama ................................................................. 16 4. Asal Mula Agama Hindu ................................................. 20 Bab III Veda Pengetahuan Spiritual ......................................... 24 1. Tujuan Belajar Veda ........................................................ 24 2. Pembagian Veda ................................................................ 25 3. Pondasi Hindu Dharma - Agama Hindu .......................... 28 4. istem Pembelajaran Veda ................................................. 34 Bab IV Keagungan Kitab Suci Bhagavadgita ........................... 39 1. Maksud Bhagavadgita Disabdakan ................................. 39 2. Keuntungan Membaca Bhagavadgita .............................. 40 3. Keagungan Bhagavadgita ................................................. 42 4. Tujuan Belajar Bhagavadgita ........................................... 45 5. Syarat Belajar Bhagavadgita ............................................ 45 Bab V Personalitas Tuhan Yang Maha Esa .............................. 47 1. Definisi Tuhan Yang Maha Esa ........................................ 47 2. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa Menurut Veda ............................. 48 x 3. Diskripsi Tuhan Yang Maha Esa Berdasarkan Veda ....... 54 4. Para Deva - Pengendali Unsur Alam Material ................. 58 5. Avatara Tuhan Yang Maha Esa ...................................... 62 6. Metoda Mencapai Tuhan ................................................. 65 Bab VI Atma – Sang Jiwa (Roh) .............................................. 69 1. Diri Kita Bukan Badan Jasmani ....................................... 69 2. Tanda-tanda Kematian ..................................................... 73 3 .Nitya Siddha dan Nitya Baddha ...................................... 74 4. Mujurnya Badan Manusia ................................................ 76 Bab VII Prakrti – Alam Semesta .............................................. 79 1. Alam Material .................................................................. 79 2. Tiga Sifat Alam (Tri Guna) yang Mengikat ..................... 81 3. Cara Mengatasi Tiga Sifat Alam (Tri Guna) .................... 86 4. Susunan Alam Semesta .................................................... 88 Bab VIII Karma dan Reinkarnasi ............................................. 90 1. Perinsip Hukum Karma .................................................... 90 2. Macam Karma .................................................................. 93 3. Samsara, Reinkarnasi ....................................................... 96 4. Proses Penghancuran Karma ........................................... 99 5. Kehidupan Masa Depan Mahluk Hidup ..........................
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