European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

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This report was prepared under the auspices of the 2010 Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union

A Comprehensive Mapping of European-African Actors and Activities

Report 26 September 2010

Christina Giannopapa

Short title: ESPI Report 26 ISSN: 2076-6688 Published in September 2010 Price: €11

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ESPI Report 26 2 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 7

1. Introduction 12 1.1 The setting 12 1.2 Approach of the Study 12

2. International and European Goals and Strategies 15 2.1 Millennium Development Goals 15 2.2 Joint Africa-EU Strategy 15

3. African, European and International Actors 19

4. African Actors 20 4.1 African Union (AU) 21 4.2 The African Union Commission (AUC) 24 4.3 Special Programmes of the AU 26 4.3.1 African Citizens’ Directorate Civil Society and Diaspora (CIDO) 26 4.3.2 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) 26 4.4 Regional Economic Communities (RECs) 26 Africa Union Regional Economic Communities 27 4.4.1 Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) 27 4.4.2 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) 27 4.4.3 East African Community (EAC) 28 4.4.4 Economic Community of Central Africa States (ECCAS) 29 4.4.5 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 30 4.4.6 Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) 30 4.4.7 South African Development Community (SADC) 31 4.4.8 Union du Maghreb Arabe (UMA) 32 Other Regional Economic Communities 32 4.4.9 Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC) 32 4.4.10 Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) 33 4.4.11 Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) 33 4.4.12 Mano River Union (MRU) 34 4.4.13 Communauté Economique de Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL) 35 4.4.14 Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) 35 4.4.15 West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) 36 4.5 Centres, Institutes, Organisations, Associations and Conferences 36 4.5.1 Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS) 36 4.5.2 Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD) 36 4.5.3 African Organisation of Cartography and Remote Sensing (AOCRS) 37 4.5.4 African Centre for Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) 38 4.5.5 African Association of Remote Sensing of the Environment (AARSE) 39 4.5.6 AGRHYMET Regional Centre (ARC) 39 4.5.7 IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC)) 39 4.5.8 SADC- Drought Monitoring Centre (SADC-DMC) 40 4.5.9 Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation Aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar (ASECNA) 40 4.5.10 Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) 41 4.5.11 Commission Internationale du Bassin Congo-Oubangui-Sanga (CICOS) 41 4.5.12 African Institute of Space Science 41 4.5.13 Regional African Satellite Communications Organisation (RASCOM) 42 4.5.14 African Leadership Conference (ALC) 42

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4.5.15 International Academy of Astronautics African Regional Conference 42 4.5.16 The African Institute of Corporate Citizenship (AICC) 42 4.5.17 African Development Forum (ADF) 43

5. European Actors 44 5.1 European Union (EU) 44 5.2 EUMETSAT 50 5.3 European Space Agency 51

6. International Actors 53 6.1 United Nations 53 6.1.1 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA) 54 6.1.2 United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs - UNOOSA 56 6.1.3 United Nations Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) 57 6.1.4 WMO (and the WMO Space Programme) 58 6.1.5 The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) 58 6.1.6 United Nations Environnent Programme (UNEP) 59 6.1.7 World Food Programme 59 6.1.8 The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) 60

7. Space Activities in Africa by African Countries and Non African Countries 61 7.1 Space Activities Carried Out By African Countries 61 7.1.1 Arab Republic of Egypt 61 7.1.2 Ghana 61 7.1.3 Kingdom of Morocco 62 7.1.4 Kenya 62 7.1.5 Nigeria 62 7.1.6 Republic of Algeria 62 7.1.7 Republic of South Africa 62 7.1.8 Seychelles 63 7.1.9 Tunisia 64 7.2 Space Activities Remotely Carried Out In Africa by Non African Countries 64 7.3 European Member States Activities 65 7.3.1 Belgium 65 7.3.2 France 65 7.3.3 Germany 67 7.3.4 Italy 71 7.3.5 Netherlands 73 7.3.6 Switzerland 73 7.3.7 Spain 73 7.3.8 Sweden 75 7.3.9 United Kingdom 76

8. Projects in Africa 77 8.1 Alphabetic list of projects in Africa 77 8.1.1 Africa Health Infoway 77 8.1.2 African Monitoring of the Environment for Sustainable Development (AMESD) 77 8.1.3 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) 78 8.1.4 African Resource Management Constellation (ARMC) 79 8.1.5 African Satellite Communication & Galileo Applications (AFSAGA) 79 8.1.6 African-European Georesources Observation System (AEGOS) 80 8.1.7 Africover 80 8.1.8 Assessment of ICT for DM in Africa – Best practices and information sharing (AIDA) 81 8.1.9 City Mapping Project (SIM) in Sudan 82 8.1.10 Coordination and Advancement of Sub-Saharan Africa-EU Science & Technology Cooperation Network (CAAST-Net) 83 8.1.11 Climate for Development in Africa Programme (ClimDev-Africa) 84 8.1.12 Crisis Monitoring and Response Technologies (CriTech) 84 8.1.13 Cross-cutting project “Application of remote sensing for integrated management of ecosystems and water resources in Africa” 85 8.1.14 Distribution of Vegetation Data in Africa through EUMETCAST (VGT4-AFRICA) 85

ESPI Report 26 4 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

8.1.15 Earth Observation and ENVironmental modelling for the mitigation of HEAlth risks (EO2HEAVEN) 86 8.1.16 Europe-Africa Marine EO Network (EAMNet) 87 8.1.17 European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) 88 8.1.18 FAO African Water Resource Database 88 8.1.19 Food Security Assessment (FOODSEC) 89 8.1.20 GMES and Africa: Regional Network for information Exchange and Training in Emergencies (GARNET-E) 90 8.1.21 GEO Network for Capacity Building (GEONetCab) 90 8.1.22 Geographic Information Support for Treatment Programmes (GISA) 91 8.1.23 GEONETCast applications for and by developing countries (DevCoCast) 92 8.1.24 Geo-Spatial Information Analysis for Global Security and Stability – Information Support for Effective and Rapid External Action (EU) (ISFEREA) 93 8.1.25 Global Forest Resource Monitoring – TREES-3 94 8.1.26 Global Ocean Observing System in Africa (GOOS-AFRICA) 95 8.1.27 GMES Space Component 96 8.1.28 Identifying Natural Mosquito Habitats 97 8.1.29 Information Society Technologies-IST-Africa (2010-2011) 97 8.1.30 Integrated Water Resource management for Zambia (IWAREMA) 98 8.1.31 Integrating Morocco in the European Research Area (M2ERA) 98 8.1.32 International Boundary Information System (UNIBIS) project. 99 8.1.33 ITU Projects 99 8.1.34 Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands project (LADA) 99 8.1.35 Mitigate and Assess Risk from Volcanic Impact on Terrain and Human Activities (MIA-VITA) 100 8.1.36 MOnitoring Natural resources for DEvelopment Co-operation (MONDE) 101 8.1.37 Moroto High School Telecentre Project 101 8.1.38 New Technologies to Avoid Digital Division in e-Divided areas (Net-ADDeD) 101 8.1.39 Quantification, understanding and prediction of carbon cycle, and other GHG gases, in sub-Saharan Africa (CARBOAFRICA ) 102 8.1.40 Remote detection contribution for update of urban maps in sub-Saharan Africa 103 8.1.41 Rural Multipurpose Community Telecentres Pilot Projects in Africa 103 8.1.42 Support Action to GMES-Africa on Earth Observation (SAGA-EO) 104 8.1.43 SCenarios for Hazard Emergency Management (SCHEMA) 104 8.1.44 Second Administrative Level Boundaries data set project (SALB) 105 8.1.45 Service Availability Mapping (SAM) 105 8.1.46 Space-based logistical support for distribution of medicines 106 8.1.47 Strengthening the European-South African Science and Technology Advancement Programme (ESASTAP2) 106 8.1.48 Telemedicine Task Force for sub-Saharan Africa (TTF) 107 8.1.49 TIGER 107 8.1.50 UNITAR Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT) 108 8.1.51 United Nations International Boundary Evidence project (UNIBED) 109 8.2 Private Sector Initiatives 109 8.2.1 GEO-Africa (AfricaSat1) 110 8.2.2 Other 3 billion (o3b) 110 8.2.3 mHealth for Development 110 8.2.4 Réseau en Afrique Francophone pour la Télémédecine (RAFT) 111 8.2.5 South African Large Telescope 112

9. Conclusions and Recommendations 113 9.1 The setting 113 9.2 Conclusions and Recommendations by Factor 114

Annex 1: Space Agencies, Treaties, Laws and Policies in Africa 122 A1.1 Space Agencies in Africa 122 A1.2 Overview of Space Policies, Laws and Treaties in Africa 123

Annex 2: Project Overview for European Actors 125 A2.1 European Space Agency 125 A2.2 European Commission 126

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Appendix 3: Questionnaires 129 A3.1 Questions to African actors for obtaining countries profiles 129 A3.2 Questions to African actors for drawing policy perspectives in European African Partnership through the use of satellite applications 129 A3.3 Questions to European actors for obtaining countries profiles 130 A3.4 Questions aux acteurs africains pour l’élaboration des perspectives politiques du partenariat européen- africain à travers l’utilisation des applications de satellites 130 A3.3 Questions to European actors for drawing policy perspectives in European African Partnership through the use of satellite applica-tionsPart 1: Political 132

List of Acronyms 134

Acknowledgements 137

ESPI Report 26 6 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Executive Summary

European perspective. This study is meant to serve as a catalogue providing general information and contact points about main actors The Context and activities in Africa where satellite applications are or could potentially be used. Fur- Sustainable development in Africa requires thermore, the study provides recommenda- access to data, information, knowledge where tions to policy makers regarding the way space technologies through the use of satel- forward. Figure 1 shows the policy relevant lites can be of tremendous benefit. The actors in Africa involved in its economic de- transversal nature of space touches various velopment. This figure was developed during policies (e.g. environment, agriculture, consultations with African representatives health, security, education, disaster man- and proved to be useful in understanding the agement) and can facilitate growth and sus- links between different actors in Africa that tainable development. This year several high also need to be addressed for coordinating level meetings are taking place where discus- African activities for development through the sions will be focused on identifying steps use of space. The methodology used for the forward. Only five years are left to achieve study was: performing a desktop research, the Millennium Development Goals and in organising a round table with African and September the United Nations summit will be European representatives, organising a work- held in New York with the aim of evaluating shop with European representatives, partici- progress and identifying the further efforts pating in the UNSPIDER regional workshop in required in order to achieve the goals. In the Africa, and gathering information via ques- EU-Africa Summit in November, the European tionnaires from European member states and and African partners will reaffirm their com- African countries. mitment to each other for a strong partnership and discuss the implementation of the next Action Plan 2011-2013 for the implementation of the Africa-EU strategic partner- Recommendations ship that is expected to maintain the space component of Area 8. Presently, the Belgian EU Council Presidency is making “Space and Social factor Africa” a priority issue, highlighted with the Space applications can assist in providing conference “Space for the African Citizen” to solutions to the African population regarding be held in September and is aiming at dem- their basic needs such as providing food and onstrating the benefits space can bring to the water security, healthcare, education, early African citizen. warning, disaster management and emer- Space activities in Africa are utilized by nu- gency response, etc. Nevertheless, the bene- merous collaborations at various levels be- fits of space applications are not sufficiently tween various actors from African countries, communicated to decision makers as well as European and international partners, where the wider population and there is not enough there has been very little overview. There- basic education at various levels to perform, fore, the present study has been conducted manage and operate space-based assets. under the auspices of the Belgian EU Council Various space projects in different areas have Presidency to tackle three main questions: been developed for Africa but very few are 1) “who is who”; 2) “who is doing what”; and sustainable beyond the pilot phase. This is 3) “who is cooperating with whom”. This due to the fact that often the local commu- study provides a comprehensive overview of nity of the end users is not involved from the the main African actors and their activities in beginning and does not have the feeling of the continent as well as gathering information ownership. Often, appropriate bodies have regarding activities run by the main European not been identified within the government actors and the United Nations organizations. structure to take up the responsibility for This mapping was conducted in consultation running the project and its maintenance. The with European and African stake holders and projects developed in Africa are often con- the presented material reflects mainly a ceived by developed countries without being

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Figure 1: Policy relevant actors in Africa.

able to capture properly the societal need This would enhance continuation beyond and infrastructure restrictions of the under- the completion of the project. Involve- developed countries. The recommendations ment at the community level is expected are: to be the most effective. A coherent mechanism of knowledge transfer has to • Enhance communication about the bene- be ensured from the very beginning of fits of space. Appropriate information pilot-projects. mechanisms need to be set up to communicate the benefits of various space applications and projects at local com- Legal factor munity level. Such communication mechanisms could be local information In Africa the areas of telecommunications and centres, radio and TV info notes. satellite imaging are fragmented into small national markets and the licence require- • Enhance education regarding space and ments and regulations vary from country to its applications. Education regarding country. Current regulatory aspects regarding space should be enhanced at school and satellite applications may hinder private ini- university level. Adequate learning mate- tiatives by African and foreign investors and rial on the benefits of space and its con- delay sustainable development. Furthermore, tribution to skills development should be there is very little coordination between vari- provided. Capacity building at all levels ous policy and regulatory frameworks in vari- of education (primary, secondary, terti- ous African countries regarding space and the ary and continuous learning) should be space component of other sectors. Often emphasised. Educational programs are a different African government or different min- long-term measure with longer social istries within a government purchase the benefits. same asset from satellites. This duplication • Enhance the involvement of the commu- increases administrative and economic over- nity in ensuring continuation and sus- heads. Current taxation systems on goods tainability after the pilot phase is com- import affects the development of satellite pleted. The African citizen should be in- applications equipment since equipment, volved in the ownership of each project. devices and services need to be imported. It

ESPI Report 26 8 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

appears that taxation is duplicate for the • Enhance institutional coordination. same goods and services at various levels Common economic targets, complemen- resulting in accumulative excessive burden tarities and how they can be achieved for the importer. The recommendations are: need to be identified. The current institutional framework in Africa is appropriate • Implement appropriate regulations. It is but concrete links of cooperation need to necessary to foster initiatives to build in- be established between the main African stitutional capacity in making treaties, actors like the AU, UNECA and the REC’s. setting standards, formulating policy, Common strategic partnerships between drafting regional integration protocols them are essential for sustainable devel- and harmonising regulations at a pan- opment. Adequate resources such as Africa level. funding, personnel and technical exper- • Coordinate policies and regulations. Afri- tise are essential for the success of the can governments should coordinate their partnership. policies and regulations regarding com- • Align funding mechanisms. The various mercial and non-commercial space appli- funds provided from Europe, United Na- cations (e.g. data policy). They should tions, European member states, private foster policy and regulatory harmonisa- bodies, etc need to be aligned in terms of tion to create larger common markets funding, time scale and expected targets based on regional economic communities in order to better utilise the available re- while increasing private sector participa- sources, avoid duplication and create tion. This would facilitate exchange of complementarities. The funding mecha- assets and reduced duplication in pur- nisms should also be aligned such that chasing the same asset. they cover the entire cycle of a satellite • Harmonise licensing procedures. Estab- applications project, from pilot project to lish common licensing and authorisation hand over, operation, capacity building procedures instead of having them coun- and maintenance. try by country. Creation of an internet • Refocus allocation of funding. A cost- based licence application and dissemina- benefit analysis should be performed be- tion of regulatory information would sig- fore projects are started. The criteria nificantly assist potential investors. should not necessarily be based on direct • Facilitate cross border exchange and monetary factors but should be based harmonise information infrastructure. factors such as benefits to the citizen, With regard to the purchase of informa- safety, job creation, etc. tion from satellites, initiatives should be • Improve economic regulatory frame- promoted for investment in access and works for FDI, making them far more cross-border information infrastructure open, permitting profit repatriation and through effective partnerships between providing economic measures and other public, private and not-for-profit sectors, incentives to attract investment. in order to achieve universal access and full inter-country exchange of informa- • Enhance and regulate the pre- tion and data. competition environment. Promote liber- alization and privatization in order to open access to satellite operators and Economic factor service providers through partnerships Even though during the past 10 years there with local stakeholders in terms of public have been significant efforts by the REC’s in entities, private firms and not-for-profit integrating the various markets, many of sectors. The pre-competition framework them are still fragmented. At the same time has to facilitate the involvement of Afri- the low income levels in Africa and limited can SMEs. economies of scale make it unattractive for • Improve taxation. African countries are Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Licence fees also encouraged to accelerate the con- for satellite systems are generally very high clusion of double taxation treaties and the cost of satellites is also high, which (DTTs). DTTs can make it more attractive makes it difficult for companies to survive. for foreign investors to invest in a coun- There is a need to have low cost systems to try by helping them to avoid paying facilitate improved access. The African mar- taxes twice on the same transaction1. ket is mostly dominated by government activities in the field of space, satellite applications and related sectors. It is important that 1 The majority of African countries have signed multilateral the market is opened up. The recommenda- agreements dealing with the protection of FDI, such as the tions are: Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guar- antee Agency (MIGA) and the Convention on the Settle-

ESPI Report 26 9 September 2010

Taxation is a leverage to be considered the sustainability of projects need to be also in order to support demand for sat- identified. Communication and estab- ellite services in terms of tax-emption or lishment of appropriate links with the re- negative taxation – financial support - in spective authorities should be part of the order to improve citizens’ rights as tasks before the completion of the pilot members of society (freedom of self- project. expression, right to be informed, free- • Establish appropriate governance links. dom of press, etc). The AU, ECA and REC’s are important actors in Africa. The coordination and inter- Political factor action between them regarding space based information and applications The political commitment of African leaders to should be strengthened and formalised. work together and with other international partners to solve problems for the African • Establish harmonized international rela- citizen and achieve societal, economic and tions between African countries. This political integration is being materialised step would increase political stability and fa- by step through the African Union and the cilitate FDI’s attractiveness which would various Regional Economic Communities. further technological and industrial de- Nevertheless, political commitment for space velopment. and satellite applications is lacking. This is • Increase the involvement and commit- mainly due to the fact that there is insuffi- ment of political leaders. African leaders cient understanding of the benefits and and politicians need to be more aware of communication of the success stories. The and committed to the benefits of space context of space policy is different in Europe and use of satellite applications for the and in African and also varies from country to sustainable development of Africa. country in Africa. The main objectives of a space policy for Africa would be to focus on • Coordinate space policy and other policy implementing those policy aspects that would areas. Space policy and the space com- allow successful use of space based informa- ponent in other policies (e.g. agriculture, tion and applications for sustainable devel- environment, health, transport, and se- opment. Space policy is uncoordinated at the curity) need to be identified in a system- continental level as well as the regional level. atic way. Coordination should be Furthermore, within each African country achieved at the three levels: national, there are insufficient links between the space regional and continental. component and other policy areas (e.g. agri- • Develop the basis for a pan-African space culture, environment, health, transport, secu- policy. The common aspects of the space rity). The link between the priorities of the component should be treated at regional various African countries and how space can and continental levels. After establishing assist in achieving them is missing. Even national needs, African countries should though at the continental level the appropri- work together on the regional and conti- ate institutional mechanisms are present for nental levels to tackle their common harvesting the benefits of space, there is goals. As a second step, a pan-African insufficient coordination between the various Space Policy that can reflect common in- institutions. terests such as disaster management • Capture adequately Member States and emergency response, climate change needs and translate them into concrete (including desertification, deforestation, areas where space can assist in meeting drought etc.), telecommunications and them. The national needs of African GMES would better facilitate the coordi- countries where space competence is nation of efforts. The area that is in vital present need to be translated and re- need of such a pan-African approach is flected in other national policies (e.g. ag- disaster management and emergency re- riculture, environment, health, transport, sponse. Thus, a common policy in disas- security) in a coherent manner. Coordi- ter management and emergency re- nation meetings, workshops and confer- sponse could set the first area of the ences can be used as tools for the ap- pan-African space policy. propriate capturing of the need. • Formalise institutional relations for space • Identify responsible actors. At the begin- based information and applications. As a ning of every project the appropriate po- first step, existing institutions are suffi- tential governmental actors needed for cient enough to work together in building sustainable development for Africa but there is lack of cooperation and coordina- ment of Investment Disputes between States and Nation- tion between institutions and agencies als of Other States.

ESPI Report 26 10 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

involved in space based information and ment; b) use of satellite applications; and c) applications. The first point of coordina- capacity building. From these categories the tion that is needed is in the field of ac- majority of the projects focus on space appli- cess, use and sharing of space based in- cations and there is a need for more projects formation. In particular, maps and GIS on capacity building. A pan-African University would be the first step to formalise inter- is currently being established where space actions and institutionalise use of these will be covered by the South Africa unit. assets on the regional level. A particular • Increase projects on capacity building. topic where this coordination is essential Projects with a focus on capacity building is early warning and emergency response should be enhanced. These projects in disaster management. An effort should should cover all levels including schools, be made to foster horizontal agreements universities, government employees, to establish institutional groups. A sec- politicians, and the public at large. ond step to be targeted in the long run would be to set the basis for institution- • Identify relevant space technology in realisation at the continental level. Particu- lation to providing solutions to needs of lar fields of coordination could be envi- African population. Developed countries ronmental monitoring and disaster man- often initiate projects without being able agement. Discussions about the estab- to sufficiently capture the needs of the lishment of a continental institution African population. African-led initiatives which would work in cooperation with the should be given priority, which capture AU date back to 1991. The AU project for African needs. These projects should be the establishment of an African Space chosen at a regional, national and conti- Agency was finally launched last month. nental level. Appropriate workshops Such an institution would be beneficial should be taking place that involve the for centralise purchase of space data like local community and the technical ex- maps, satellite images etc. and would be perts. beneficial for avoiding duplications. It could also be involved as a central point • Implement technological innovation to the outsider with respect to disaster scoreboard. This should be implemented management and emergency response. in order to map and to monitor the de- Nevertheless, this should be a long term gree of technology. This tool will help to plan starting first at national and regional understand the current degree of tech- levels since different countries have dif- nology and whether this technology is ferent needs and different levels of de- suitable for the needs of the end user. velopment. • Increase cooperation between those that • Enhance communication of the benefits have technology know-how and users. of space. The success stories of the use The end user often has very limited un- of satellite applications for the benefit of derstanding or receives insufficient ca- the African citizen and for sustainable pacity building from those that have the development for Africa need to be com- technology know-how. After training they municated in way that political figures often move out to more senior manage- are able to use as arguments for sup- rial (not hand-on) levels. Increased in- porting their case. Relevant information tensity of education at the various user material needs to be prepared by consor- levels could be enhanced. Community to tiums including representatives from community training may reduce the cost technical experts, end users, entrepre- of implementation. neurs, administrators, societal and politi- • Enhance transfer-of-knowledge mecha- cal groups, etc. nisms through initiatives of mutual learn- • Promote bilateral and/or multilateral in- ing platforms. Academic cooperation with vestment treaties (BITs). This should be all other actors in order to facilitate conducted in conjunction with other know-how development and exchange countries who aim at protecting and should be enhanced. Existing academic promoting FDI to clarify the terms under networks could provide the initial neces- which FDI can take place between the sary links needed. The pan-African Uni- partner countries. versity, currently under establishment, is expected to play an important role in the development of sustainable development Technological factor of Africa. The different African countries focus their Furthermore, specific recommendations were space activities and run projects under three made with respect to the main European and main categories: a) Infrastructure develop- African Actors.

ESPI Report 26 11 September 2010

1. Introduction

REC’s have become pillars of the African Un- ion which was established by 53 member 1.1 The setting states with very ambitious targets to create a united and integrated Africa with political, The African continent, with over one billion economic and social integration. This vision people, has the fastest growing population in to approach Africa in a holistic manner rather the world. The majority of the population than in an incremental approach makes the lives in poverty and the 53 states on the con- African Union project unique. The African tinent are still classified by the United Nations Union also seeks to establish international and International Monetary Fund as develop- partnerships to achieve its goals. ing countries. African countries are facing Africa and Europe have strong ties as geo- problems in covering the basic needs of their graphic neighbours and share a long standing people such as food, water, housing, health- history, traditions, cultural, social and trade care and education. Space and satellite appli- patterns. Over the last decade, the link be- cations can be used as fundamental tools to tween Africa and Europe has been deepened assist in solving basic problems and contrib- by political commitment from their respective ute to Africa’s sustainable development. leaders. The Africa-European Union Strategic The international community, the European Partnership verifies this commitment and the Union and the African countries themselves 2008-2010 First Action Plan outlines the eight have set goals and strategies for the sustain- areas of this partnership in which Area 8 ex- able development of the African continent. plicitly sets space as a target. In this it al- The eight Millennium Development Goals ready identifies the importance of the in- (MDG), which also target Africa, include re- volvement of the European Space Agency, ducing extreme poverty, reducing child mor- EUMETSAT and the private sector. It identi- tality rates, fighting disease epidemics such fies activities in the area of telecommunica- as AIDS, and developing global partnership tions; navigation; climate change, resources for development. They show the commitment security (including water and food) through of 192 nations and at least 23 international earth observation; humanitarian aid and se- organisations, to achieve them by 2015. curity through integrated applications; and Various organisations within the United Na- knowledge based society. It also foresees the tions are involved in activities with Africa involvement of European initiatives such as and, in particular, UNECA (United Nations Galileo, EGNOS and GMES. Currently the Economic Commission for Africa), as the UN evaluation of the First Action Plan is taking regional commission serving Africa, plays a place and preparations are being made for central role in the coordination of interna- the Second Action Plan of 2011-2013. Fur- tional efforts. Even though not all UN organi- thermore, individual European Member States sations have dedicated programmes for space are undertaking their own activities directly in applications, many of them use the assets partnership with African Countries. provides by satellites in their work including Thus, there are numerous actors and activi- disaster management and emergency re- ties engaged in the African continent but sponse, resources management, healthcare, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview energy, climate change, security. that is vital for assessing present develop- African countries themselves have a long ments and identifying the way forward. There history of attempting to work together for is a need to systematically catalogue actors political and socioeconomic integration and and activities in Africa by African, European for solving their common problems. In par- and International actors. ticular, regarding economic cooperation and integration, Africa has the highest number of Regional Economic Communities (RECs), with overlapping memberships, mandates and 1.2 Approach of the Study programmes. Even though the REC’s do not Even though there is much activity in the explicitly target space systems and its appli- African continent regarding the use of satel- cations, these technologies can assist in lite applications, there is a lack of a compre- achieving their goals. Currently, eight of the

ESPI Report 26 12 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

hensive mapping of actors and activities from tives. Representatives from Africa and Europe African, European and international stake- were brought together to publicly highlight holders. Under the auspices of the Belgian EU benefits of ongoing cooperation and to look Council Presidency, ESPI focused on provid- into perspectives for the future. On 24 June ing a comprehensive mapping of activities 2010 a workshop was organised assessing and actors in Africa. This project aimed at the views of the European stakeholder’s tackling three main questions regarding the workshop on European-African partnership. use of satellite applications: 1) “who is who”; Through a systematic approach with targeted 2) “who is doing what”; and 3) “who is coop- questions on the social, legal, economic, po- erating with whom”. litical and technological factors, the workshop aimed at identifying weak and strong points Chapter 2 of the study provides the setting of the current approach and drawing policy for this study. Chapter 3 gives an overview of perspectives from the European perspective. international and European goals and strate- Furthermore, during this project the author of gies. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the this study was invited to participate on 9 July main African, European and international 2010 at the UN-SPIDER workshops in Addis actors whereas the follow up chapters pro- Ababa. The workshop was organised by the vide in-depth information about them. Chap- UN-SPIDER Programme, in cooperation with ter 5 highlights the main African actors at the the United Nations Economic Commission for continental, regional and national levels. Africa (UNECA), and with support from the Chapter 6 describes the European actors and government of Austria and the Secure World their roles. It also describes the role of the Foundation, to promote access to and use of African-European partnership from a Euro- space-based technologies and solutions for pean perspective. Chapter 7 highlights the disaster management and emergency re- United Nations efforts in Africa and the main sponse within relevant communities in Africa. agencies that are active in Africa. Chapter 8 The author presented a paper on “Policy Per- lists space activities in Africa by African coun- spectives in European-African Partnership tries and European Member States that have through the Use of Satellite Applications”, direct involvement in Africa. Chapter 9 pro- and acted as a moderator for the Panel Ses- vides information about the main projects in sion on “Ways to Institutionalise Space-Based Africa and private initiatives. Information for Disaster Risk Reduction and The methodology used to conduct this study Emergency Response” where panellists from was based around three tools: an extensive civil protection and disaster management desktop study, interviews and work- agencies engaged in discussion on exchang- shops/roundtables. For this purpose two ing best practices and institutional and regu- questionnaires were prepared: one for the latory aspects. Furthermore, she actively African actors and one for the European ac- participated in the Discussion Sessions of the tors. From the answers collected a microenvi- Working Group on “Policies and Strategies”. ronment analysis of social, legal, economic, This group met for four sessions and dis- political and technological factors was con- cussed topics on networking and long term ducted to draw policy recommendations. sustainability, capacity building efforts in Africa and ways to institutionalise space In the framework of this study a round table based information and disaster risk reduction and a workshop were organised by the Euro- and emergency response. The main recom- pean Space Policy Institute (ESPI). On 10 mendations of this group were that there is a February 2010, utilising the opportunity of need to identify “who is who” and “who is the session of the Scientific and Technical doing what” in Africa and the need for a pan- Subcommittee of the United Nations Commit- African space policy in disaster management tee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and emergency response which, in the short (UNCOPUOS-STSC), ESPI organised a round- term, can be supported by the existing actors table assessing the status of European- of the African Union, Economic Commission African cooperation in space applications and for Africa, its technical centres and the Re- discussing further developments and initia- gional Economic Communities.

ESPI Report 26 13 September 2010

Figure 2: Map of Africa, United Nations 20042

2 Map No. 4045 rev.4, January 2004, United Nations, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartography Section.

ESPI Report 26 14 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

2. International and European Goals and Strategies

fairs and Security Policy took office and the new Lisbon Treaty came into force, Africa-EU 2.1 Millennium Development relations are expected to become even closer by sharing common values: the respect for Goals human rights, freedom, equality, solidarity, justice and rule of law and democracy. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals Over the last decade Africa and the EU have that 192 United Nations member states and developed political strategies, policy docu- at least 23 international organizations have ments and action plans as a basis for their agreed to achieve by the year 2015. They cooperation. These include the 2004-2007 include reducing extreme poverty, reducing Strategic Plan of the AU3, the 2005 “EU and child mortality rates, fighting disease epidem- Africa: Towards a Strategic Partnership” and ics such as AIDS, and developing a global the 2008 “The Africa-European Union Strate- partnership for development. These goals gic Partnership”4. Subsequently, the First are: Action Plan (2008-2010) for the implementation of the Africa-EU strategic partnership Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hun- was adopted in December 2007.This Action ger Plan is currently tasked with assessing the Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education status of progress regarding the Joint Africa- EU partnership, derive lessons learned and Goal 3: Promote gender equality and em- define follow up actions. In particular, with power women regards to the GMES and Africa Action Plan, 5 Goal 4: Reduce child mortality there is an ongoing consultation process . Currently, the Second Action Plan (2011- Goal 5: Improve maternal health 2013) is under preparation and is scheduled for adoption in the upcoming 3rd Africa-EU Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and Summit that will take place in Libya on 29-30 other diseases November 2010. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for de- Shared vision and common principles velopment The joint Africa-EU strategic partnership de- fines long-term policy orientations, based on a shared vision and common principles. The 2.2 Joint Africa-EU Strategy vision for the partnership between Africa and the European Union should be based on the common values of human rights, freedom, Overview equality, solidarity, justice, the rule of law As geographic neighbours, Africa and Europe and democracy. It should intend to bridge the have a long-standing history and traditions of efforts of the Africans and the European Un- cultural and social exchange. The cooperation ion and its Member States for development in at various levels between European and Af- the African continent through coordination of rica countries goes way back but over the last economic cooperation and promotion of sus- decade has been significantly strengthened tainable development. and formally sealed by the political commitment of leaders. In 2000 the first historic 3 Africa-EU summit in Cairo set out the basis African Union, “Strategic Plan of the Commission of the for constructive dialogue and joint actions. African Union, Volume 3: 2004-2007 Plan of Action. Pro- grammes to speed up integration of the continent”, Addis Since then, with the establishment of the Ababa, Ethiopia, May 2004. African Union in 2002, Europe has found an 4 Council of the European Union, General Secretariat, “The institutional partner for dialogue. Over the Africa-European Union Strategic Partnership”, June 2008, last ten years the European Union has been Brussels, ISBN 978-92-824-23752. 5 enlarged and, since December 2009, when The document currently under consultation can be the EU High Representative for Foreign Af- downloaded from http://aquaknow.net/gmesafrica-action- plan

ESPI Report 26 15 September 2010

The policy orientations based on the shared prevention and the post-conflict recon- vision and common principles are: struction process. • African unity; • Interdependence between Africa and the Strategy Implementation EU; • strong political dialogue; It is foreseen that the joint strategy will pro- • co-management and co-responsibility; vide the basis for a long term approach and • burden-sharing and mutual accountabil- will be implemented via short term (three ity; year) Action Plans with concrete and measur- • solidarity and mutual confidence; able outcomes. In order to finance the Action 3 • equality and justice; Plans financial instruments are used such as : • common human security; the European Development Fund (EDF), the • gender equality and non-discrimination; Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), • right to development; the European Neighbourhood Policy Instru- • coherence and effectiveness of existing ment (ENPI), the Instrument for Stability, as agreements, policies, and instruments; well as the Thematic Programmes and • long term approach for sustainable de- through EU financial institutions, such as the velopment. European Investment Bank (EIB). It is also foreseen that individual European member states will also provide support when needed. Objectives From the African side, African financial institutions involved are the African Development The four main objectives of the partnership Bank. are3: • To reinforce and elevate the Africa-EU political partnership to address issues of First Action Plan 2008–2010 common concern. The Strategy's First Action Plan adopted in • To strengthen and promote peace, secu- December 2007 outlines eight areas for stra- rity, democratic governance and human tegic partnership with priority action for the rights, fundamental freedoms, gender period 2008-2010: equality, sustainable economic develop- Area 1: Peace and Security ment, including industrialisation, regional • Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace and continental integration in Africa, and and security; to ensure that all the Millennium Devel- • Full operationalization of the African opment Goals (MDG) are meet in all Afri- Peace and Security Architecture; can countries by the year 2015. • Predictable Funding for African-led Peace • To jointly promote and sustain a system Support Operations. of effective multilateralism, with strong, Area 2: Democratic Governance and Human representative and legitimate institu- Rights tions, and the reform of the United Na- • Enhance dialogue at global level and in tions (UN) system and of other key in- international fora; ternational institutions, and to address • Promote the African Peer Review Mecha- global challenges and common concerns, nism and support the African Charter on such as human rights, including chil- • Democracy, Elections and Governance; dren’s rights and gender equality, fair • Strengthen cooperation in the area of trade, migration, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tu- cultural goods. berculosis and other pandemics, climate change, energy security and sustainabil- Area 3: Trade, Regional Integration and In- ity, terrorism, the proliferation of Weap- frastructure ons of Mass Destruction and the illicit • Support the African integration agenda; trafficking of Small Arms and Light • Strengthen African capacities in the area Weapons, and knowledge-based society of rules, standards, and quality control; issues as ICT, science, technology and • Implement the EU-Africa Infrastructure innovation. Partnership. • To facilitate and promote a broad-based Area 4: Millennium Developments Goals and wide-ranging people-centred part- • Ensure the finance and policy base for nership, Africa and the EU will empower achieving the MDGs; non-state actors and create conditions to • Accelerate the achievement of the Food enable them to play an active role in de- Security Targets of the MDGs; velopment, democracy building, conflict • Accelerate the achievement of the Health Targets of the MDGs;

ESPI Report 26 16 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

• Accelerate the achievement of the Edu- Regarding Priority Action 3, the objective is cation Targets of the MDGs. to enhance cooperation in the use of space applications and technology to support Af- Area 5: Energy rica’s sustainable development objectives. • Implement the Energy Partnership to in- The expected outcome is to fully integrate tensify cooperation on energy security space related issues in specific dialogues and and energy access. cooperation initiatives in areas such as envi- Area 6: Climate Change ronment and resource management, climate • Build a common agenda on climate change, peace and security. It expected to change policies and cooperation; create specific projects based on space tech- • Cooperate to address land degradation nologies to achieve regional and global de- and increasing aridity, including the velopment goals. The activities foreseen in "Green Wall for the Sahara Initiative". the Action Plan are: Area 7: Migration, Mobility and Employment • Jointly analyse the potential to use space • Implement the Declaration of the Tripoli applications to better manage natural re- Conference on Migration and Develop- sources, improve living conditions of ment; populations and promote sustainable de- • Implement the EU-Africa Plan of Action velopment, in particular in the areas of: on Trafficking of Human Beings; o Telecommunications and bridging the • Implement and follow up the 2004 Oua- digital divide; gadougou Declaration and Action Plan on Employment and Poverty Alleviation in o Monitoring of climate change, deserti- Africa. fication or fires, and water and food resources through Earth Observation, Area 8: Science, Information Society and such as Global Monitoring for Envi- Space ronment and Security (GMES) for Af- • Support the development of an inclusive rica; information society in Africa; • Support S&T Capacity Building in Africa o Navigation applications such as and Implement Africa's Science and GALILEO, the European Geostationary Technology Consolidated Plan of Action; Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS); • Enhance cooperation on space applica- Facilitating humanitarian aid operations and technology. o tions and improving security of popu- The eighth area explicitly mentions space but lations through integrated space ap- other areas also make use and benefit from plications, satellite applications. Area 8 as presented in Space technologies and scientific ap- the First Action Plan 2008-2010 will be de- o plications as contributions to the scribed in greater detail. . Furthermore, Area knowledge based society. 6 climate change and Area 3 infrastructures are also areas where space based information • Ensure effective follow-up to the event and applications are used and various pro- “Space for Development - the Case of jects are developed (see projects in Section GMES and Africa”; 8.1). • Develop concrete joint cooperation initia- Area 8: Science, Information Society and Space tives in selected areas. The actors foreseen in these activities were: The importance and role of science and technology and ICT as already identified in the • AU Commission/NEPAD, African States; Plan of Action have been developed in the • European Commission, EU Member Sta- Millennium Development Goals. The Africa tes; Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of • European agencies such as the European Action and the component of the NEPAD pro- Space Agency (ESA) and EUMETSAT; gramme related to science and technology, • Private Sector. capacity building, knowledge production and technological innovation have been consoli- Area 6: Climate Change dated. It is recognised that space applications provide an essential platform for Africa’s re- This area of the First Acton Plan focuses on gional and continental sustainable develop- climate change and space systems can con- ment and can assist in tackling the problems tribute mainly in: Africa is facing including monitoring climate • promoting climate observation, in par- change ticular for the African continent, and enhance links to global climate observatory systems; and

ESPI Report 26 17 September 2010

• strengthening climate-monitoring and The Ministerial Meeting foresees that the forecasting capacities. implementation should be improved through the following: The implementation of African Monitoring of Environment and Sustainable Development • enhanced political and policy dialogue; (AMESD) (€20 million – 9th European Devel- • enhanced involvement of Joint Africa-EU opment Fund, implemented by AUC) is rec- Strategy Actors; ognised as one of the achievement of the • Joint Expert Groups (JEG); Partnership 6. • resources; • communication. The ClimDev Africa programme, which also recognises the usefulness of space system, is It was agreed that the involvement of Africa’s one of the major programmes implemented regional and sub-regional organisations within Partnership 6. (See details of projects (REC’s) is essential for the success of the in Section 8.1). Joint Strategy. In the next phase the REC’s will be invited to come forward with proposals for tracking the implementation of the Action Second Action Plan 2011–2013 Plan. The prioritisation of regional and conti- During the 14th Africa-EU Ministerial Meeting nental activities and effective communication that took place in Luxembourg on 26 April is important. The AUC is expected to take 2010 within the framework of the Africa-EU concrete steps to engage the involvement of Dialogue, the general options for the Action the REC’s and create the conditions for the Plan 2011-2013 were discussed6. This plan involvement of all stakeholders and identify will be endorsed at the 3rd Africa-EU Summit and ensure regular participation of core ex- that will take place on 29-30 November 2010 perts in meetings to guarantee a critical mass in Libya. of competent actors from Africa and Europe. The JEG’s are expected to be reformed in It is expected that the current areas of coop- order to make links with national and regional eration of the eight thematic partnerships will levels, as well as existing structures in the- remain unchanged and the Second Action matic areas and to better link implementation Plan will be along the same lines as the First to existing structures/bodies that could be of Action Plan. Nevertheless, the Second Action use in each partnership. Regarding resources Plan should be more focused, realistic, man- including funding and human and technical ageable, and effective. The primary focus resources, it is recognised that this is essen- 6 should be on activities that : tial for the implementation of the technical • Have a clear regional, continental, or cooperation. In the Joint Strategy, Africa and global dimension and adequate steps Europe have agreed to make efforts to build should be taken to ensure coordination together synergies also via the progressive and coherence among activities at the establishment of a Pan-African financial sup- continental, regional and national levels. port programme. Better utilisation of existing instruments is needed and the need to ex- • Have a clear added value, are focused plore innovative financial agreements includ- and streamlined, and reinforce comple- ing pool funding when necessary is recog- mentarities and coherence with existing nised. Furthermore, it was recognised that it initiatives and fora, and align with African is important to increase the visibility of the strategic priorities, their structures and Joint Africa-EU partnership in Africa, the EU their mechanisms (for example Ministe- and internationally. rial Conferences, the PIDA program in infrastructure, etc.). • Have a proven buy-in of a critical mass of competent actors on both sides, including the necessary political, human and financial resources.

6 Council of the European Union, “14th Africa- EU Ministe- rial Meeting”, Luxembourg, 26th April, 9041/10 (Press 92).

ESPI Report 26 18 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

3. African, European and International Actors

The main actors operating in the African con- and memorandums of understanding with tinent can be categorised as African actors, African actors and states. Other organisations European actors, United Nations and private residing in Europe, such as the European initiatives. In Figure 3 the various actors op- Space Agency and EUMETSAT, are also active erating in Africa can be seen. The African in Africa in their respective fields of expertise. Actors can be categorised into those that The United Nations has numerous agencies operate in Africa on a continental level, re- involved in activities in Africa and many of gional organisations, technical organisations them use satellite applications as a means to and African Space Agencies. In Europe the achieve their goals. For many years the pri- European Commission directly cooperates vate sector also has shifted its attention to with the African Union on various levels. At Africa as it offers various business opportuni- the same time many of the European Member ties. The various actors will be described in States have direct cooperation agreements the following subsections.

Figure 3: African, European and International Actors involved in African satellite application projects.

ESPI Report 26 19 September 2010

4. African Actors

The African actors include organisations that mon policy positions. operate at the continental level such as the Various technical institutions that have been African Union, Regional Organisations typi- created often act as the technical executive cally the Regional Economic Communities for various projects under the auspices of (RECs), technical organisations such as spe- UNECA. They cooperate in a matrix like rela- cialised agencies and institutes in different tionship with UNECA and the AU and the areas and the African space agencies. Figure RECS. These institutions are the Centre for 4 shows the various policy relevant actors in Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), the Africa and the matrix relationship for coop- Regional Center for Mapping of Resources for eration between them. Development (RCMRD), the African Organiza- At the continental level the African Union tion of Cartography and Remote Sensing (AU), the United Nations Economic Commis- (AOCRS) and the Centre of Meteorological sion for Africa (UNECA) and the African De- Application for Development (ACMAD). velopment Bank (ADB) have a joint secre- There are numerous regional blocks in Africa, tariat. These three institutions have distinct also known as Regional Economic Communi- roles: the AU has the political mandate, the ties, which have been established by various ADB has the financial mandate and the ECA is African countries to facilitate mutual eco- responsible for economic issues. The three nomic development amongst various African institutions largely operate independently states. Some of the REC’s have become pil- with their own initiatives. The role of the se- lars of the African Union and others have not. cretariat is to assist in coordinating their ac- The CEN-SAD, COMESA, EAC, ECCAS, tions and see how best to advocate for com- ECOWAS, IGAD, SADC and UMA are pillars of

Figure 4: Policy relevant actors in Africa.

ESPI Report 26 20 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

the African Economic Community and organi- successor of the Organisation of African Unity sation of the African Union. In Figure 5 the (OAU). Among the objectives of the AU are: REC pillars of the African Economic Commu- to accelerate the political and socioeconomic nity (AEC) and their respective African mem- integration of the continent; to promote and ber states can be seen. The other RECs defend African common positions on issues of namely CEMAC, IOC and UEMOA have not interest to the continent and its people; to become part of the AU umbrella but are fully achieve peace and security in Africa; and to functional and active in Africa. There are promote democratic institutions, good gov- some overlaps in many of the RECs in mem- ernance and human rights. The AU aims at bership from the African states as well as in establishing an African Economic Community activities. with a single currency, the “Afro”, by 2023. The AU consists of various bodies and the most important decisions are made by the Assembly of the AU during a semi-annual meeting of the Heads of States of its member states. The AU Secretariat and the African Union Commission (AUC) are located in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.

Historical Background The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was the predecessor to the AU. It was established on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa by 32 governments that signed the OAU Charter. The main objectives of the OAU were, inter alia, to rid the continent of the remaining vestiges of colonization and apartheid; to promote unity and solidarity among African states; to coordinate and intensify cooperation for de-

Figure 5: Regional Economic Communities (RECs) which velopment; to safeguard the sovereignty and are part of the African Economic Community (AEC) and territorial integrity of Member States and to their African member states. promote international cooperation within the frame work of the United Nations. Over the years 21 states joined gradually and in 1994 4.1 African Union (AU) South Africa become the 53rd member. Four Summits led to the establishment of the Overview AU on 9 July 2002. The first Summit held in September 1999, adopted the Sirte Declara- The African Union is an intergovernmental tion with a view, inter alia, to accelerating the organisation with 53 member states and six process of integration in the continent to official languages. The only African state that enable it to play its rightful role in the global is not a member is Morocco. The AU was economy while addressing multifaceted so- established on the 9th of July 2002 as the cial, economic and political problems, com-

Figure 6: African Union decision making process

ESPI Report 26 21 September 2010

pounded as they are by certain negative as- • Achieve greater unity and solidarity be- pects of globalisation. It was decided to es- tween the African countries and the peo- tablish an African Union in conformity with ples of Africa; the objectives of the Charter of the continen- • Defend the sovereignty, territorial integ- tal organisation and the provisions of the rity and independence of its Member Treaty establishing the African Economic States; Community. In particular, it decided to shorten the implementation periods of the • Accelerate the political and socio- Abuja Treaty; ensure the speedy establish- economic integration of the continent; ment of all the institutions provided for in the Abuja Treaty; such as the African Central • Promote and defend African common po- Bank, the African Monetary Union, the African sitions on issues of interest to the conti- Court of Justice and especially, the Pan- nent and its peoples; African Parliament; strengthen and consoli- • Encourage international cooperation, tak- date the RECs as the pillars for achieving the ing due account of the Charter of the objectives of the African Economic Commu- United Nations and the Universal Decla- nity and realising the envisaged Union; and ration of Human Rights; convene an African Ministerial Conference on Security, Stability, Development and Coop- • Promote peace, security, and stability on eration in the Continent, as soon as possible. the continent; In 2000, the Lome Summit adopted the Con- • Promote democratic principles and insti- stitutive Act of the Union; the 2001 Lusaka tutions, popular participation and good Summit drew the road map for the imple- governance; mentation of the AU and, finally, in 2002 the Durban Summit launched the AU and con- • Promote and protect human peoples' vened the 1st Assembly of the Heads of State rights in accordance with the African of the AU. Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and other relevant human rights instruments; The Vision of the AU • Establish the necessary conditions which The African Union has set for itself the ambi- enable the continent to play its rightful tion of building by the year 20307: “A united role in the global economy and in inter- and integrated Africa; an Africa imbued with national negotiations; the ideals of justice and peace; an inter- dependent and robust Africa determined to • Promote sustainable development at the map for itself an ambitious strategy; an Af- economic, social and cultural levels as rica underpinned by political, economic, social well as the integration of African econo- and cultural integration which would restore mies; to Pan-Africanism its full meaning; an Africa • Promote cooperation in all fields of hu- able to make the best of its human and ma- man activity to raise the living standards terial resources, and keen to ensure the proof African peoples; gress and prosperity of its citizens by taking advantage of the opportunities offered by a • Coordinate and harmonise the policies globalized world; an Africa capable of pro- between the existing and future Regional moting its values in a world rich in its dispari- Economic Communities for the gradual ties.” attainment of the objectives of the Un- ion; This ambition is reflected in the following Vision: “… build an integrated Africa, a pros- • Advance the development of the conti- perous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own nent by promoting research in all fields, citizens and representing a dynamic force in in particular in science and technology; the international arena”. and • Work with relevant international partners The Objectives of the AU in the eradication of preventable diseases and the promotion of good health on the The objectives of the African Union as con- continent. tained in the Constitutive Act, Article 3, are to: Member States of the AU The AU has 53 member countries, each holding the annually rotating presidency in turn. 7 “Strategic Plan of the African Union Commission”, Vol- The member states are: ume 1: Vision and Mission of the African Union, May 2004, African Union.

ESPI Report 26 22 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina posed of five members per country with Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cen- at least one woman per country. It will tral African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Côte subsequently evolve into a parliament d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, elected by universal suffrage. Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equa- • The African Court of Justice will adjudi- torial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, cate in civil cases and be responsible for Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Libe- human rights protection and monitoring ria, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, human rights violations. It will also con- Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, São stitute itself into a real criminal court in Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Si- the long term. erra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, • The Commission of the African Union is Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Zambia, the Secretariat of the Union. It is com- Zimbabwe. posed of the Chairperson, his or her Deputy and Commissioners. It represents A former member of the African Union is Mo- the Union and defends its interests under rocco which left the AU’s predecessor OAU in the direction of the Assembly and the 1984 after the majority of member states Executive Council. It can initiate propos- granted membership in the OAU to the Saha- als for submission to the other organs of ran Arab Democratic Republic set up by the the Union and executes decisions taken independence movement in the disputed by them. It assists Member States in territory of Western Sahara. executing the policies and programmes of the Union, particularly NEPAD8 and Languages of the AU CSSDCA9. It formulates common positions of the Union and coordinates the According to the Constitutive Act of the Afri- work of Member States during interna- can Union, its working languages are Arabic, tional negotiations. English, French, and Portuguese, as well as Afrikaans. In 2003 a protocol amending the • The Economic, Social and Cultural Coun- Constitutive Act added Spanish, Swahili and cil (ECOSOCC) is an advisory organ com- "any other African language" and termed all posed of different social and professional six "official" languages of the African Union. groups from Member States of the Union, particularly youth and women’s associations. The ECOSOCC is assisted by CIDO Organisation of the AU (African Citizens Directorate, the AU Commission department in charge of re- According to the Constitutive Act the organs lations with civil society and the dias- of the African Union are as follow: pora). • The Assembly of the Union, the supreme • The African Court of Human and People’s organ of the Union, is composed of Rights is composed of 11 members Heads of State and Government or their elected by the Assembly of Heads of duly accredited representatives. This or- State and Government for a 6 year man- gan meets at least once in extraordinary date. It has jurisdiction over all disputes session. and requests submitted to it in respect of • The Executive Council, composed of the interpretation and implementation of the Foreign Ministers or such other Ministers African Charter on Human and People’s or representatives as are designated by Rights the governments of Member States, is • Three Financial Institutions: a) The Afri- responsible for coordinating and taking can Central Bank; b) The African Mone- decisions on policies in areas of common tary Fund; and c) The African Investment interest to Member States. Bank. This integration process has the • The Permanent Representatives’ Com- constant support of the African Develop- mittee, composed of the Permanent Rep- ment Bank and the United Nations Eco- resentatives or other Plenipotentiaries of nomic Commission for Africa. Member States, is responsible for prepar- ing the work of the Executive Council and 8 NEPAD: New Partnership for Africa’s Development acts on the latter’s instructions. 9 CSSDCA: Conference on Security, Stability, Develop- • The Pan-African Parliament will be uni- ment and Cooperation in Africa Subsequent to the adoption of the Solemn Declaration on cameral with representatives from all the CSSDCA, the NEPAD initiative has come into being as Parliaments of the countries of Africa. It Africa’s principal agenda for development, providing a will adopt legislation by two-thirds ma- holistic, comprehensive integrated strategic framework for jority of its members. It will be com- the socio-economic development of the continent, within the institutional framework of the African Union.

ESPI Report 26 23 September 2010

• Specialized Technical Committees are 4.2 The African Union Com- composed of Ministers or senior officials responsible for the sectors falling within mission (AUC) their respective areas of competence. Seven Technical Committees, the num- The African Union Commission is the Secre- bers and composition of which are not tariat of the Union with executive functions. limited, are provided for in the Constitu- It represents the Union and protects its inter- tive Act of the Union; namely: ests under the auspices of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government as well as The Committee on Rural Economy and o the Executive Committee. The headquarters Agriculture; of the Commission are located in Addis The Committee on Monetary and Fi- o Ababa, Ethiopia. The role of the AUC is simi- nancial Matters; lar to its counterpart in Europe - the Euro- The Committee on Trade, Customs o pean Commission of the European Union. and Immigration Matters; o The Committee on Industry, Science As the secretariat of the Union the AUC con- and Technology, Energy, Natural Re- sists of a chairperson, his deputy and number sources and the Environment; of commissioners dealing with different policy o The Committee on Transport, Com- areas. The leadership of the African Union munications and Tourism; Commission is: o The Committee on Health, Labour and • Chairperson: H.E Dr Jean Ping (Gabon) Social Affairs; and • Deputy Chairperson: H.E. Erastus Jarnal- o The Committee on Education, Culture ese Onkundi Mwencha (Kenya) and Human Resources. • Commissioner for Political Affairs: Mrs. • The Peace and Security Council com- Julia Dolly Joiner (Gambia) posed of 15 Member States is responsi- • Commissioner for Trade and Industry: ble for the promotion of peace, security H.E Mrs Elisabeth Tankeu (Cameroons) and stability in Africa, preventive diplo- • Commissioner for Peace and Security: macy and the restoration of peace. It is H.E Mr. Ramtane Lamambra (Algeria) also responsible for disaster manage- • Commissioner for Human Resources, ment and humanitarian activities. It re- Science and Technology: H.E. Dr Jean Pi- places the Central Organ of the Conflict erre Onvehoun Ezin(Benin) Prevention, Management and Resolution • Commissioner for Rural Economy and Mechanism established in 1993 by Heads Agriculture: H.E Mrs Rhoda Peace Tu- of State at the Tunis Summit. musiime (Uganda) • Commissioner for Infrastructure and En- ergy: H.E Dr. Elham Mahmoud Ahmed Contact Information Ibrahim (Egypt) H.E. Dr. Jean PING • Commissioner for Economic Affairs: H.E. Tel: (251) 11 5514554 / (251) 11 551 77 00 Dr. Maxwell M. Mkwezalamba (Malawi) ext 120 • Commissioner for Social Affairs: Advo- Fax:(251) 11 5513036 cate. Bience Philomina Gawanas (Na- E-mail: [email protected] mibia) African Union Headquarters The functions of the Commission are, among P.O. Box 3243 others, to: Roosevelt Street • Represent the Union and defends its in- (Old Airport Area) terests under the guidance of and as W21K19 mandated by the Assembly and the Ex- Addis Ababa ecutive Council; Ethiopia • Initiate proposals to be submitted to the Tel: (251) 11 551 77 00 Organs as well as implement the deci- Fax: (251) 11 551 78 44 sions that are taken by the other Organs; Website: www.africa-union.org and • Act as a custodian of the Constitutive www.au.int Act, its protocols, the treaties, legal instruments, decisions adopted by the Un- ion and those inherited from the OAU; • Organise and manage the meetings of the organs;

ESPI Report 26 24 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

• Assist Member States in implementing • Prepare and submit an annual report on the Union programmes and policies, in- the activities of the Union to the Assem- cluding CSSDCA and NEPAD; bly, the Executive Council and the Par- liament; • Coordinate and monitor the implementation of the decisions of other organs of • Prepare the Staff Rules and Regulations the Union in close collaboration with the for approval by the Assembly; PRC and report regularly to the Executive • Implement the decisions of the Assembly Council; regarding the opening and closing down • Work out draft common positions of the of sections and administrative or techni- Union and coordinate the actions of cal offices; Member States in international negotia- • Follow-up and ensure the application of tions; the Rules of Procedure and Statutes of • Prepare the Union’s Programme and the organs of the Union; Budget for approval by the policy organs • Negotiate, in consultation with the PRC, as well as strategic plans and studies for with the host countries, the Host Agree- the consideration of the Executive Coun- ments of the Union and those of its ad- cil; ministrative or technical offices; • Elaborate, promote, coordinate and har- • Build capacity for scientific research and monize the programmes and policies of development for enhancing socio- the Union with those of the RECs; economic development in the Member • Ensure the mainstreaming of gender in States; all programmes and activities of the Un- • Strive to promote and popularise the ob- ion; jectives of the Union; • Manage the assets and liabilities of the • Coordinate the actions of the Members Union according to laid down regulations States during international negotiations and procedures; as well as collect and disseminate infor- • Prepare strategic plans and studies for mation on the Union; the consideration of the Executive Coun- • Assist the Member States in ensuring the cil; implementation of the various programs • Take action in the domains of responsi- of the Union as well as the policies; bility as may be delegated by the As- • Provide operational support to the PSC sembly and the Executive Council. The and ensure the promotion of peace, de- domains include: mocracy, security and stability. o Control of pandemics; Seven missions defined for the Commission o Disaster management; of the African Union translate the Vision of o International crime and terrorism; the African Union into concrete action: o Environmental management; o Negotiations relating to external • Mission 1: Building the capacity of inte- trade; gration players. o Negotiations relating to external debts; • Mission 2: Ensuring Overall Coherence of the programmes aimed at speeding up o Population, migration, refugee and displaced persons; the integration process through concrete actions. o Food security; o Socio-economic integration; and • Mission 3: Organizing Brainstorming and o All other areas in which a common Instituting a Strategic Watch Tower on position has been established. Key Issues Affecting the Future of the • Mobilize resources and devise appropri- Continent ate strategies for self-financing, income • Mission 4: Assuming a Dynamic Informa- generating activities and investment for tion and Advocacy Role for Africa vis-à- the Union; vis the World. • Promote integration and socio-economic • Mission 5: Playing a Leadership Role for development; Promotion of Peace, Human Security and • Strengthen cooperation and co- Good Governance in the Continent ordination of activities between Member • Mission 6: Stimulating Economic, Social States in fields of common interest; and Cultural Development in the Conti- nent.

ESPI Report 26 25 September 2010

• Mission 7: Establishing a Standing Fol- NEPAD is a very active organization. There low-up/Evaluation Mechanism. are no space projects or programs in NEPAD, but space technologies could be useful in the Contact Information sectors highlighted above. Ms. Esther Azaa Tankou Senior Editorial Officer Division of Communication and Information, African Union Commission 4.4 Regional Economic Tel.Mob. +251 911 3611 85 Communities (RECs) Email: [email protected] From the 1960’s until the 1990’s Africa wit- nessed the creation of various regional economic communities targeting economic coop- 4.3 Special Programmes of eration and integration. Many were initially the AU created and functioned for some years and then after decades were revised and re- Two special programmes of the African Union established. Africa has the highest number of are the NEPAD and CIDO. such cooperation and integration agreements. This process has been characterised by a variety of African state conglomerates 4.3.1 African Citizens’ Directorate Civil Society and with overlapping memberships mandates and Diaspora (CIDO) programmes. There is no country in Africa that does not belong to at least one group- The African Citizens’ Directorate Civil Society ing; most belong to two or more of these and Diaspora (CIDO) was established in 2005 groups. to liaise with civil society on the continent, reach out to the African Diaspora, and func- Africa’s regional integration was given a tion as an interim secretariat for ECOSOCC. boost in 1991 by the adoption of the Abuja CIDO is mandated to facilitate civil society Treaty which established the African Eco- contributions to the decision-making proc- nomic Community (AEC) with the objective esses of the AU, including the Summits. It “to promote economic, social and cultural has also been instrumental in the establish- development and integration of African ment of the ECOSOCC. Economies in order to increase economic self- reliance and promote an endogenous and self-sustained development”10. The Abuja 4.3.2 New Partnership for Africa’s Development Treaty describes the relationship between the (NEPAD) AEC and the RECs. In particular, in accor- NEPAD was created in July 2001, as a pro- dance with Article 88 of the Abuja Treaty, the gramme of the Organization of African Unity foundation of the Treaty is that the African the predecessor of the African Union. NEPAD Economic Community must be established was given the task of providing a framework mainly through the coordination, harmonisa- that would eradicate poverty; place African tion and progressive integration of the activi- countries, both individually and collectively, ties of the RECs. Nowadays, the AEC is a on a path of sustainable growth and devel- project of the African Union and thus Africa’s opment; halt the marginalization of Africa in regional integration groupings as they have the globalization process and enhance its full evolved can be grouped into those that have and beneficial integration into the global become pillars of the African Union and those economy; and accelerate the empowerment that are not. Nevertheless, all regional inte- of women. gration groups are factional and play an important role in the sustainable development Some of the key areas for NEPAD to focus on of Africa. The REC’s that have become pillars were: policy reforms and increased invest- of the African Union are: CEN-SAD, COMESA, ment in agriculture; human development with EAC, ECCAS, ECOWAS, IGAD, SADC, and a focus on health, education, science and UMA. The other REC’s, often described as technology and skills development; building sub-regional economic communities (SECs), and improving infrastructure, including In- are: CEMAC, IOC, UEMOA, CEPGL, MRU, formation and Communication Technology SACU, WAMZ. (ICT), Energy, Transport, Water and Sanita- tion; promoting diversification of production and exports, particularly with respect to agro-industries, manufacturing, mining, mineral beneficiation and tourism; accelerating intra-African trade and improving access to markets of developed countries. 10 OAU, Abuja Treaty, Article 4.

ESPI Report 26 26 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Africa Union Regional Economic Communities • the harmonization of educational, peda- gogical, scientific and cultural systems of 4.4.1 Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN- the various cycles of education. SAD) Programmes of CEN-SAD are the special food security programme, the great green wall The Community of Sahel-Saharan States programme and the visa exemption pro- (CEN-SAD) was established in 1998 during gramme between the CEN-SAD Member the Summit Meeting in Tripoli. The Treaty on States. the establishment of the Community was signed by the Leader of Great El-Fateh Revo- The list of CEN-SAD countries is: Republic of lution and the Heads of State of Burkina Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Faso, Mali, Niger, Chad and Sudan. The Cen- Union of the Comoros, Republic of Côte tral African Republic and Eritrea joined the d'Ivoire, Republic of Djibouti, Arab Republic Community during the first Summit of the of Egypt, State of Eritrea, Republic of The organization held in Syrte in April 1999. Gambia, Republic of Guinea, Republic of Senegal, Djibouti and Gambia joined during Guinea-Bissau, Republic of Ghana, Great the N’djamena Summit in February 2000. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Others countries joined later, and still more Republic of Liberia, Republic of Kenya, Re- are in the process of joining the Organization. public of Mali, Islamic Republic of Mauritania, On July 2000 it became a Regional Economic Kingdom of Morocco, Republic of Niger, Fed- Community during the Conference of Heads eral Republic of Nigeria, Republic of Senegal, of State and Government of the Organisation Republic of Sierra Leone, Somali Republic, of African Unity held in Lomé in the Republic Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Prin- of Togo. cipe, Republic of Sudan, Republic of Chad, Togolese Republic, Tunisian Republic. The objectives of CEN-SAD are: • the establishment of a global Economic Contact Information Union based on the implementation of a CEN-SAD Secrétariat community development plan that com- P.O.Box 4041 plements the local development plans of Place d'Algeria member states and which comprises the various fields of a sustained socio- Tel: (00218) 21 3614832, (00218) 21 economic development: agriculture, in- 3614832 dustry, energy, social, culture, health… Fax: (00218) 21 3343670, (00218) 21 333216 • the removal of all restrictions hampering E-mail: [email protected], info@cen- the integration of the member countries sad.org through the adoption of necessary measures to ensure: http://www.cen-sad.org/ o Free movement of persons, capitals and interests of nationals of member 4.4.2 Common Market for Eastern and Southern States; Africa (COMESA) o Right of establishment, ownership and The Common Market for Eastern and South- exercise of economic activity; ern Africa (COMESA) was established in 1993 as a successor of the Preferential Trade Area o Free trade and movement of goods, for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA). commodities and services from mem- COMESA formally succeeded the PTA in 1994. ber states; The idea of regional economic co-operation • the promotion of external trade through traces back to the mid 1960’s. In 1981 the an investment policy in member states PTA was established by a treaty which came into force in 1982. The PTA was established • the increase of means of land, air and to take advantage of a larger market size, to maritime transport and communications share the region's common heritage and des- among member States and the execution tiny and to allow greater social and economic of common projects co-operation, with the ultimate objective • the same right, advantages and obliga- being to create an economic community. The tions granted to their own citizens to na- PTA Treaty envisaged its transformation into tionals of the signatory countries in con- a Common Market and, in conformity with formity with the provisions of their re- this, the Treaty establishing the Common spective constitutions Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, COMESA came into force.

ESPI Report 26 27 September 2010

COMESA’s Vision is to “be a fully integrated, tions and foreign multinational corpora- internationally competitive regional economic tions. community with high standards of living for The Member States of COMESA are: Burundi, all its people ready to merge into an African Comoros, D.R. Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eri- Economic Community”. Its mission is to “En- trea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, deavour to achieve sustainable economic and Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, social progress in all Member States through increased co-operation and integration in all Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zim- fields of development particularly in trade, babwe. customs and monetary affairs, transport, communication and information, technology, Contact Information industry and energy, gender, agriculture, environment and natural resources”. The Mr. Masiko Kachamba, Secretary General Secretariat of COMESA has a specific Mission Ben Bella Road Statement as follows: “To provide excellent Lusaka technical services to COMESA in order to Zambia facilitate the region’s sustained development Tel (+260-211) 229 725; through economic integration”. (+260-211) 229 725 COMESA’s programmes have the following Email: [email protected] focus: achievement of zero tariffs for all trad- http://www.comesa.int able goods among COMESA members (free trade area status) by the year 2000 with continued development of COMESA as a 4.4.3 East African Community (EAC) common investment area, establishment of a common external tariff, CET, or customs un- The Permanent Tripartite Commission for ion by the year 2004 (common market East African Co-operation was first formed in status), the implementation of programmes 1967 as the East African Community. It col- to enable free movement of services, labour lapsed in 1977 due to political differences. (including right of establishment) and capital The Treaty for the Establishment of the East (leading to monetary union) between 2000 African Community was signed in Arusha on and 2025. 30 November 1999. The Treaty entered into force on 7 July 2000 following the conclusion The core of COMESA's development integra- of the process of its ratification and deposit of tion agenda is: the Instruments of Ratification with the Sec- retary General by all the three Partner • Trade Development with focus on forma- States. The EAC was inaugurated in January tion of a free trade area 2000, formation 2001. The treaty was amended on 14 De- of a customs union with a common ex- cember 2006 and August 2007. The Treaty ternal tariff, 2004, formation of a mone- calls for a customs union (the framework of tary union. which was to be negotiated over the next • Investment Development with focus on four years), common market and monetary industry, agriculture, fisheries, livestock union and sets the ultimate objective as the development, irrigation development, birth of a political federation of east African tourism, industrial and private sector states. Among the key institutions are an support, and gender mainstreaming East African parliament, a regional stock exchange and a joint court of justice. • Infrastructure Development with focus on transport, communication and infor- The objectives of the community according to mation, environment and energy the Treaty shall be to develop policies and programmes aimed at widening and deepen- • Science and Technology (S&T) Develop- ing co-operation among the Partner States in ment with focus on promotion of a sup- political, economic, social and cultural fields, portive policy environment for increased research and technology, defence, security investment in R&D by both the public and legal and judicial affairs, for their mutual and private sector, adaptation and trans- benefit. fer of new and emerging technologies, promotion of collaborative research and The Community shall ensure: development, including commercialisa- • the attainment of sustainable growth and tion of R&D results, promotion of indige- development of the Partner States by the nous technology, promotion of capacity promotion of a more balanced and har- building, including literacy in S&T, pro- monious development of the Partner motion and strengthening of inter-firm States; linkages, in particular collaboration between local firms and scientific institu-

ESPI Report 26 28 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

• the strengthening and consolidation of Austrian Development Co-operation and the cooperation in agreed fields that would World Meteorological Organization. Being a lead to equitable economic development new organization, EAC does not have any within the Partner States and which space project. would in turn, raise the standard of living The Partner States of the EAC are Kenya, and improve the quality of life of their Uganda and Tanzania. populations; • the promotion of sustainable utilization of Contact Information the natural resources of the Partner States and the taking of measures that East African Community would effectively protect the natural en- Arusha International Conference Centre vironment of the Partner States; 5th Floor Kilimanjaro Wing P.O. Box 1096 • the strengthening and consolidation of Arusha the long standing political, economic, so- Tanzania cial, cultural and traditional ties and associations between the peoples of the Tel: +255 27 2504253/8 Partner States so as to promote a people Fax: +255 27 2504255 centred mutual development of these Email: [email protected] ties and associations; http://www.eac.int • the mainstreaming of gender in all its endeavours and the enhancement of the 4.4.4 Economic Community of Central Africa role of women in cultural, social, political, States (ECCAS) economic and technological development; At a summit meeting in December 1981, the leaders of the Central African Customs and • the promotion of peace, security, and Economic Union (UDEAC) agreed in principle stability within, and good neighbourliness to form a wider economic community of Cen- among, the Partner States; tral African states. CEEAC/ECCAS was estab- • the enhancement and strengthening of lished on 18 October 1983 by the UDEAC partner ships with the private sector and members and the members of the Economic civil society in order to achieve sustain- Community of the Great Lakes States able socioeconomic and political devel- (CEPGL) (Burundi, Rwanda and the then Za- opment; and ire) as well as Sao Tome and Principe. Angola remained an observer until 1999, when it • the undertaking of such other activities became a full member. ECCAS began func- calculated to further the objectives of the tioning in 1985, but has been inactive since Community, as the Partner States may 1992 because of financial difficulties (non- from time to time decide to undertake in payment of membership fees) and the con- common. flict in the Great Lakes area. The war in the Over the years, EAC has laid the foundation DRC has been particularly divisive, as for strategic partnership with the rest of the Rwanda and Angola fought on opposing world and benefited from technical and finan- sides. cial assistance from a large number of inter- CEEAC has been designated a pillar of the national aid and development agencies, in- AEC, but formal contact between the AEC and cluding the World Bank, European Union, CEEAC was only established in October 1999 European Investment Bank, African Devel- due to the inactivity of CEEAC since 1992 opment Bank, Swedish International Devel- (CEEAC signed the Protocol on Relations be- opment Co-operation Agency (SIDA), United tween the AEC and the RECs in October Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 1999). The AEC again confirmed the impor- German Agency for Technical Co-operation tance of CEEAC as the major economic com- (GTZ), East African Development Bank, munity in Central Africa at the third prepara- United Kingdom Department for International tory meeting of its Economic and Social Development (DFID), Norwegian Agency for Council (ECOSOC) in June 1999. Development (NORAD), Commonwealth Se- cretariat and Danish International Develop- CEEAC aims to achieve collective autonomy, ment Agency (DANIDA). Other development raise the standard of living of its populations partners with whom EAC expects to enter and maintain economic stability through into co-operation programmes or who have harmonious cooperation. Its ultimate goal is entered into Memoranda of Understanding to establish a Central African Common Mar- include France, India, Finland, Canada, Swe- ket. den, Norway, International Labour Organisa- tion, UN Food and Agriculture Organisation,

ESPI Report 26 29 September 2010

At the Malabo Heads of State and Govern- communications, energy, agriculture, natural ment Conference in 1999, four priority fields resources, commerce, monetary and financial for the organization were identified: questions, social and cultural matters." • to develop capacities to maintain peace, Over the years it aims to promote co- security and stability, which are essential operation and integration in economic, social prerequisites for economic and social de- and cultural activity, ultimately leading to the velopment; establishment of an economic and monetary union through the total integration of the • to develop physical, economic and mone- national economies of member states. It also tary integration; aims to raise the living standards of its peo- • to develop a culture of human integration ples, maintain and enhance economic stabil- [sic]; and ity, foster relations among member states and contribute to the progress and develop- • to establish an autonomous financing ment of the African Continent. The commu- mechanism for ECCAS. nity is financed by a community tax of 0.5% The member states of ECCEAS are: Angola, levied on all goods from third countries. Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, There exists a health initiative with the Euro- Chad Congo (Brazzaville), Democratic Repub- pean Union in collaboration with ECOWAS lic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, called the West African Regional Programme Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe (PRSAO). The objective of the program is to strengthen regional integration in West Africa Contact Information through the coordination and the harmoniza- Luís Silva Nguema tion of health policies, the facilitation of free Secretary General of the Economic Commu- movement of populations, goods, services nity of Central African State (ECCAS), and technologies and to contribute to the CEEAC, BP 2112 improvement of the performance of health Libreville, Gabon systems in areas of common interest. Tel. +241-73 3547/8 ECOWAS does not have any space project. www.ceeac.org (website not functional) It is composed of 15 Member States- Nigeria, Niger, Republic of Benin, Burkina Faso, Libe- ria, Cape Verde, Mali, Sierra Leone, Togo, 4.4.5 Economic Community of West African Guinea Bissau, Cote D’Ivoire, The Gambia, States (ECOWAS) Senegal, Ghana, and Guinea. On 28 May 1975, 15 West African Countries Contact Information signed the Treaty of Lagos for the creation of an Economic Community of Western African Tel: (234) (9) 31 47 647-9 States. The protocols launching ECOWAS Fax: (234) (9) 31 43 005, 31 47 646 were signed on 5 November 1976 in Lomé, Email: [email protected] Togo. The objective of ECOWAS was to pro- Website: www.ecowas.int vide a forum for economic cooperation and to eliminate mistrust between its members. In July 1993, a revised ECOWAS Treaty de- 4.4.6 Intergovernmental Authority on Develop- signed to accelerate economic integration and ment (IGAD) to increase political co-operation, was signed. The recurring and severe droughts and other The revised treaty of 1993, which was to natural disasters between 1974 and 1984 extend economic and political co-operation which caused widespread famine, ecological among member states, designates the degradation and economic hardship in the achievement of a common market and a sin- Eastern Africa region, led to the creation of gle currency as economic objectives, while in the Intergovernmental Authority on Drought the political sphere it provides for a West and Development (IGADD) in 1986. IGADD African parliament, an Economic and Social was replaced by the Intergovernmental Au- Council and an ECOWAS Court of Justice to thority on Development (IGAD) in 1996. replace the existing Tribunal and enforce Community decisions. The treaty also for- The IGAD mission is to assist and comple- mally assigned the Community with the re- ment the efforts of the Member States to sponsibility of preventing and settling re- achieve, through increased cooperation: gional conflicts. • Food security and environmental protec- The mission of ECOWAS was to promote eco- tion nomic integration in "all fields of economic • Promotion and maintenance of peace and activity, particularly industry, transport, tele- security and humanitarian affairs, and,

ESPI Report 26 30 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

• Economic cooperation and integration. Contact Information The objectives of IGAD are to: IGAD Secretariat Avenue Georges Clemenceau • Promote joint development strategies P.O. Box 2653 Djibouti and gradually harmonize macro- Republic of Djibouti economic policies and programmes in the social, technological and scientific fields; Telephone +253-354050 Fax: +253-356994 • Harmonize policies with regard to trade, customs, transport, communications, ag- Website: http://www.igad.int/ riculture, and natural resources, and promote free movement of goods, services, and people within the region. 4.4.7 South African Development Community (SADC) • Create an enabling environment for foreign, cross-border and domestic trade The South African Development Community and investment; (SADC) was founded in 1980, with the aim of achieving development and economic growth, • Achieve regional food security and en- alleviating poverty, enhancing the standard courage and assist efforts of Member and quality of life of the peoples of Southern States to collectively combat drought and Africa and support the socially disadvantaged other natural and man-made disasters through regional integration, promoting and and their natural consequences; defending peace and security, promoting self- • Initiate and promote programmes and sustaining development on the basis of col- projects to achieve regional food security lective self-reliance, and the inter- and sustainable development of natural dependence of Member States; achieving resources and environment protection, sustainable utilisation of natural resources and encourage and assist efforts of and effective protection of the environment. Member States to collectively combat It comprises 15 member states- Angola, Bot- drought and other natural and man- swana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Leso- made disasters and their consequences; tho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozam- • Develop and improve a coordinated and bique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, complementary infrastructure, in the ar- Swaziland, Tanzania Zambia, and Zimbabwe. eas of transport, telecommunications and SADC headquarters are located in Gaborone, energy in the region; Botswana. SADC aims to • Promote peace and stability in the region • Harmonise political and socio-economic and create mechanisms within the region policies and plans of Member States; for the prevention, management and • Mobilise the peoples of the region and resolution of inter- and intra-state con- their institutions to take initiatives to de- flicts through dialogue; velop economic, social and cultural ties • Mobilize resources for the implementa- across the region, and to participate fully tion of emergency, short-term, medium- in the implementation of the pro- term and long-term programmes within grammes and projects of SADC; the framework of regional cooperation; • Create appropriate institutions and • Promote and realize the objectives of the mechanisms for the mobilisation of req- Common Market for Eastern and South- uisite resources for the implementation ern Africa (COMESA) and the African of the programmes and operations of Economic Community; SADC and its institutions; • Facilitate, promote and strengthen coop- • Develop policies aimed at the progressive eration in research development and ap- elimination of obstacles to free move- plication in science and technology. ment of capital and labour, goods and services, and of the peoples of the region IGAD neither has a space project nor a space generally within Member States; program. However space technologies will go a long way in helping IGAD achieve its mis- • Promote the development of human re- sions. sources; IGAD is comprised of 7 East African States • Promote the development, transfer and Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, mastery of technology; Uganda, and Eritrea. • Improve economic management and performance through regional cooperation;

ESPI Report 26 31 September 2010

• Promote the coordination and harmonisa- opment plans of the four countries, their in- tion of the international relations of ternational trade and relationships with the Member States; European Union. • Secure international understanding, co- The main objectives of the AMU Treaty are to operation and support, mobilise the in- strengthen all forms of ties among Member flow of public and private resources into States (in order to ensure regional stability the region; and and enhance policy coordination), as well as to introduce gradually free circulation of • Develop such other activities as Member goods, services, and factors of production States may decide in furtherance of the among them. Common defence and non- objectives of SADC. interference in the domestic affairs of the The SADC Common Agenda is based on vari- partners are also key aspects of the Treaty. ous principles, such as development orienta- The Treaty highlights the broad economic tion; subsidiarity; market integration and strategy to be followed, namely, the devel- development; facilitation and promotion of opment of agriculture, industry, commerce, trade and investment and variable geometry. food security, and the setting up of joint pro- The SADC Common Agenda includes: jects and general economic cooperation programs. Finally, the agreement provides the • the promotion of sustainable and equita- possibility for other Arab and African coun- ble economic growth and socio-economic tries to join the Union at a later stage. development that will ensure poverty alleviation with the ultimate objective of its The AMU had been in a dormant status for a eradication; while but recently significant efforts have been made to revive its activities. • promotion of common political values, systems and other shared values which AMU Secretariat are transmitted through institutions 14 Rue Zalagh which are democratic, legitimate and ef- Rabat-Agdal fective; and Morocco • the consolidation and maintenance of Phone: +212-37-671 274/78/80/85 democracy, peace and security. Fax:+212-37-671 253 SADC runs projects on Combating HIV&AIDS, www.maghrebarabe.org environment and sustainable development, gender equality and development, information & communication technologies, poverty Other Regional Economic Communities eradication, science and technology, statistics. SADC has no space project however; 4.4.9 Communauté Économique et Monétaire space technologies could be useful in achiev- de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC) ing the aim of sustainable utilisation of natural resources, and the effective protection of In 1964 in Brazzaville, the states of Central the environment. Africa, Congo, Gabon and Chad signed the Treaty establishing the Customs and Eco- Contact Information nomic Union of Central Africa (UDEAC). After the 1980-1990 successive economic crises, it Telephone +2673951863 seemed essential to re-launch the economic Fax+2673972848 and social integration by signing in 1994 in Email: [email protected] N’Djamena, Chad, the Treaty to establish the Website: www.sadc.int Economic and Monetary Community of Cen- tral Africa (CEMAC). CEMAC replaced UDEAC, which was suspended in 1999. The primary 4.4.8 Union du Maghreb Arabe (UMA) mission of CEMAC is to promote the harmonious development of Member States in the The Arab Maghreb Union (Union du Maghreb context of establishing a genuine common Arabe – UMA) was formed in 1989 in Marra- market. kech by a Treaty that was signed by the Heads of States of five countries (Algeria, The objectives of CEMAC and its Member Libya, Morocco and Tunisia). The history of States reaffirm their commitment to the prin- its creation dates back to1964 with the first ciples of freedom and democracy and their conference of Maghreb Economic Ministers in commitment to expand all human and natural Tunis, which established the Conseil Perma- resources for the welfare of their peoples in nent Consultatif du Maghreb (CPCM) between all areas; provide a new and decisive impulse Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. The aim for the integration process in Central Africa was to coordinate and harmonise the devel- through greater harmonisation of policies and

ESPI Report 26 32 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

laws of their states; and ensure the conver- resources and ecosystems, culture, science gence of their economic policies. and education. CEMAS’ objectives are to: Ten projects are currently underway, focused on four strategic priorities adopted at the • Establish a system of multilateral surveil- 2005 Summit that define the mandates of the lance of economic policies of member IOC and are under the following axes: states; • Political and diplomatic cooperation to • Ensure stable management of the com- support regional stability and good gov- mon currency; ernance. Participation in political and • Secure the environment of economic ac- strategic dialogue between the member tivities and business in general; states • Harmonize regulations of sectoral policies • Economic and trade cooperation to insert in key areas required by the organiza- the island economies into the regional tional instruments (agriculture, livestock, and global economy. fisheries, industry, trade, transportation • Sustainable regional development fo- and telecommunications, energy and en- cuses in part on the protection of people vironmental research, education and vo- and improving their quality of life and cational training.) also the preservation of terrestrial and • Create a common market based on the marine natural resources. free movement of persons, goods, capital • Strengthening of regional identity and and services. bringing people who are needed, by the The Member States of CEMAS are Cameroon, intensification of cultural exchanges and Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of networking professionals and organiza- Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. tions on issues related to youth, gender, training and regional mobility Contact Information The IOC includes five member states: Como- Jean Nkuete Executive Secretary ros, France (Réunion Island), Madagascar, CEMAC Building, Mauritius and Seychelles. Avenue des Martyrs BP 969 Bangui Contact Information Tel : +236 61 18 85 Secretary General +236 61 21 79 Callistus D'Offay +236 61 47 81 Q4, Avenue Sir Guy Forget +236 61 65 84 Quatre Bornes +236 61 21 35 Mauritius Email: [email protected] Tel: +230 427 3366 or +230 427 6172 or http://www.cemac.int/ +230 427 6199 Fax: +230 425 2709 / 425 2487 4.4.10 Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) Email: [email protected] http://www.coi-ioc.org The Indian Ocean Commission was established in 1984 by the General Agreement of Victoria (Seychelles). Its objective is to pro- 4.4.11 Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Af- mote sustainable development of the West- ricaine (UEMOA) ern Indian Ocean Islands. Its headquarters The Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest are located in Quatre Bornes in Mauritius. It Africaine (UEMOA) was established by Treaty is mainly financed by the European Develop- signed on 10 January 1994 in Dakar by the ment Fund (EDF). It executes and imple- Heads of State of seven countries in West ments projects financed by EDF and others Africa with the idea of creating a common such as the World Bank, African Development currency. The Treaty entered into force on Bank, French Cooperation, UNESCO and UN- 1August 1994, after ratification by the Mem- AIDS. ber States. The objectives and missions of IOC are pri- The objectives of UEMOA were: marily to strengthen links between the peoples of its member states and improve their • to enhance the competitiveness of eco- standards of living, promoting cooperation in nomic and financial activities of the a number of areas: diplomacy, economy, Member States through an open and trade, agriculture, fishing, the conservation of

ESPI Report 26 33 September 2010

competitive environment and a rational- d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. On ised and harmonised legal market; May 2, 1997, Guinea-Bissau became the eighth member of the UEMOA. • to ensure convergence of economic performance and policies of the Member States by establishing a multilateral sur- Contact Information veillance procedure; Mr. Soumaila Cisse • to create among Member States a com- President of the UEMA Commission mon market based on the free move- Avenue du Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo, ment of persons, goods, services, capital 01 BP 543 Ouagadougou 01 and right of establishment of persons, Burkina Faso freelance or employed, as well as a Tel.: + 22650 31 88 73 / 76 common external tariff policy in com- Fax: + 22650 31 88 72 merce; Email: [email protected] Ainsi une • to coordinate national policies in different Convention de financement, d'un montant de sectors by the implementation of joint quatorze millions quatre actions and common policies including http://www.uemoa.int/ human resources, planning, agriculture, energy, industry, mining, transport, infrastructure and telecommunications; 4.4.12 Mano River Union (MRU) • to harmonise the legislation of Member The Mano River Union (MRU) was established States and particularly the system of in 1973 as a custom union between Liberia taxation in favour of the proper function- and Sierra Leone with the aim to foster eco- ing of the common market. nomic cooperation among the partner countries, to promote trade and a unified tariff The UEMOA has close cooperation with the and customs policy. In 1980 Guinea joined European Union and has developed active the Union. The MRU can be regarded as the cooperation with ECOWAS, the Permanent first attempt at close regional cooperation Interstate Committee Fight against Drought and economic integration in the Mano River in the Sahel (CILSS), the Economic and West Africa. Unfortunately, due to political Monetary Community of Central Africa instabilities in the region the objectives of the (CEMAC), with whom it manages the site Union could not be achieved. As there were www.izf.net through the promotion of in- conflicts between the two founding members vestment in the Franc Zone, the Common of the union, it became dormant for two dec- Organisation of Cooperation Against Major ades. However, it was reactivated on May Endemic Diseases (OCCGE), the Organization 2004 at a Summit with the leaders of the for the Harmonization of Business Law in three member states. Since then, there have Africa (OHADA), the Organization of African been several high level meetings. In 2008 Unity (OAU), the African Development Bank Cote d’Ivoire joined the Union. The current (ADB) and the United Nations Economic chair of the union is the Liberian MRU Chair Commission for Africa (ECA). It has recently President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. strengthened its cooperation with the Organi- zation of the United Nations Food and Agri- MRU’s development partners include the culture Organization (FAO), the Islamic De- United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the velopment Bank (IDB), the International United Nations Development Program Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), (UNDP), the Asia Development Bank/Asia the International Organization of La Franco- Development Fund (ADB/ADF), the Economic phonie, the World Bank and the International Community of West Africa (ECOWAS), the Monetary Fund (IMF). UEMOA has strength- African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF), ened its cooperation, bilaterally, with the the African Union (AU), the United Nations United States of America, through the signing (UN), the European Union (EU), the United of an Agreement on Trade Development and States Agency for International Development Investment and with France, with the signing (USAID), and the Joint United Nations Pro- of a financing agreement under the Priority gram on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Solidarity Fund (FSP). Contact Information The countries that signed the initial agreement were Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte Not available. d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. On 2 May, 1997, Guinea-Bissau became the eighth member of the UEMOA. The countries that signed the initial agreement were Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte

ESPI Report 26 34 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

4.4.13 Communauté Economique de Pays des High Commission Territories. The primary Grands Lacs (CEPGL) goal was to promote economic development through regional coordination of trade. The The Communauté Economique de Pays des Southern African Customs Union came into Grands Lacs (CEPGL) -Great lakes River Ba- existence on 11 December 1969 with the sin- was established in 1976 with the aim of signature of the Customs Union Agreement economic integration and to facilitate the between South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, movement of goods and people between the Namibia and Swaziland. It entered into force countries of the Great lakes region. The on1 March 1970, thereby replacing the Cus- CEPGL project was suspended following ma- toms Union Agreement of 1910. In 2002 the jor political problems in the region. In latest SACU agreement was signed. The ob- 2004Louis Michel, Foreign Minister of Belgium jectives of SACU as contained in Article 2 of invited foreign ministers of DR Congo, the 2002 SACU Agreement are: Rwanda and Burundi in the Palais d'Egmont in Brussels to discuss the details of a possible • to facilitate the cross-border movement revival of the CEPGL. Since then there have of goods between the territories of the been various attempts related to the revival Member States; of CEPGL. The CEPGL is in Gisenyi in Rwanda. • to create effective, transparent and de- The member states are Burundi, DR Congo, mocratic institutions which will ensure and Rwanda. The Community operates equitable trade benefits to Member through four specialised agencies: States; • L’Institut de Recherche Agronomique et • To promote conditions of fair competition Zootechnique (IRAZ). Its primary mission in the Common Customs Area; is to conduct research in agriculture and livestock and to participate in the execu- • to substantially increase investment option of community projects. portunities in the Common Customs Area; • La Banque de Dévelopement des Etats des Grands Lacs (BDEGL). Its main ob- • to enhance the economic development, jective is to mobilize financial resources diversification, industrialization and com- to finance projects whose purpose is to petitiveness of Member States; pursue economic integration and devel- • to promote the integration of Member opment in the region. States into the global economy through • La Société Internationale pour enhanced trade and investment; l’Electricité des Grands Lacs (SINELAC). • to facilitate the equitable sharing of Its mission is the operation of the hy- revenue arising from customs, excise droelectric Community Ruzizi II and the and additional duties levied by Member marketing of energy to the three mem- States; and ber countries through their national societies of electricity, namely the National • to facilitate the development of common Society Electricité (SNEL) for Congo and policies and strategies. Burundi and of the REGIDESO The vision of the Union is an economic com- ELECTROGAZ for Rwanda. munity with equitable and sustainable devel- • L’Organisation de la CEPGL pour l’Energie opment, dedicated to the welfare of its peo- des Grands Lacs (EGL). Its primary mis- ple for a common future. The SACU mission sion is to ensure cooperation between is: Member States in the field of energy. Its • to serve as an engine for regional inte- role is that of a planning body, conductor gration and development, industrial and of studies and project implementation. economic diversification, the expansion of intra regional trade and investment, Contact Information and global competitiveness; Not available. • to build economic policy coherence, harmonization and convergence to meet the 4.4.14 Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) development needs of the region; The Southern Africa Customs Union is the • to promote sustainable economic growth oldest customs union dating back to the 1889 and development for employment crea- Customs Union Convention between the Brit- tion and poverty reduction; ish Colony of Cape of Good Hope and the • to serve as a building block of an ever Orange Free State Boer Republic. In 1920 a closer community among the peoples of new agreement was signed, extending SACU Southern Africa; to the Union of South Africa and the British

ESPI Report 26 35 September 2010

• to develop common policies and strate- with a mandate for Training, Research, Con- gies for areas such as trade facilitation; sultancy and Advisory Services in Geoinfor- effective customs controls; and competi- matics. The Centre is a joint project of Afri- tion; can countries. Current participating countries are: Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Ghana, Mali, • to develop effective, transparent and Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. democratic institutions and processes. The objectives of the Centre are: The member states of SACU are South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. • To provide theoretical and practical training in the field of geo-informatics, inte- Contact Information grating photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems, The Executive Secretary cartography and airborne geophysical Private Bag 13285 surveys. Windhoek Namibia • To conduct seminars, workshops and short term courses with a view to provid- Tel: (+264) 61 295 8000 ing an opportunity for disseminating in- Fax: (+264) 61 245 611 formation in the field of geo-informatics. Email: [email protected] • To promote studies and research in the Website: www.sacu.int field of geo-informatics. • To provide advisory and consultancy ser- 4.4.15 West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) vices upon request on geo-informatics matters, including instrument mainte- The West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) nance, to governments of the member came into existence on 15 December, 2000 states of ECA, and to other survey and when the five countries, Gambia, Ghana, mapping organizations in the region. Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone (also members of ECOWAS), signed the Articles of Agreement of the zone at the Second Summit Contact information of the WAMZ Heads of State and Government Dr. Olajide Kufoniyi held in Bamako, Mali. On 20 April 2002, the Director Accra Declaration was signed, launching the [email protected] Second Monetary Zone after ECOWAS, the [email protected] West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). The [email protected] objective of the WAMZ is to establish a monetary union characterized by a common Mr. Massaër Mbaye central bank and a single currency to replace Deputy Director the existing five national currencies. The [email protected] group of five countries are planning to intro- RECTAS, P.M.B 5545, duce a common currency, the Eco, by the Ile-Ife, Osun State, year 2015. Nigeria. Contact Information Tel: 234-36-230050; -230225 Fax: 234-36-230481 Not available. E-mail: [email protected]

4.5.2 Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources 4.5 Centres, Institutes, Or- for Development (RCMRD) ganisations, Associations The Regional Centre for Mapping of Re- and Conferences sources and Development was founded in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1975, under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission 4.5.1 Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace for Africa and the then Organization of Afri- Surveys (RECTAS) can Unity (now the African Union). The goal of RCMRD is to be a premier Centre of excel- The Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace lence in the provision of Geo-Information and Surveys (RECTAS), which is located at the Information Technology applications in Africa Obafemi Awolowo University (O.A.U) Cam- and beyond. The promotion of the develop- pus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, was estab- ment and use of Geo-information and Infor- lished in 1972 under the auspices of the UN mation technology in the sustainable devel- Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) opment of Africa is the main mission of the

ESPI Report 26 36 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

RCMRD. This mission includes assistance in Tel: +254-020-8560227, -8560265, - human resource and institutional capacity 8561775, -8560335, -8560336, -8564131, - building. 8561673, -8563767 The objectives of RCMRD are: www.rcmrd.org • To provide quality Geo-Information. • To ally ICT products and services in envi- 4.5.3 African Organisation of Cartography and ronmental and resource management for Remote Sensing (AOCRS) sustainable development in its member The African Organisation of Cartography and countries and beyond. Remote Sensing (AOCRS) is an intergovern- At the beginning the RCMRD programmes mental organization established in Addis contained service technology frameworks Ababa in 1988 by the merger of the African (e.g. remote sensing, geodesy, cartography Association of Cartography (AAC) with the etc.). The programmes have now varied into African Remote Sensing Council (ARSC). problem solving applications in natural re- The objectives of AOCRS are: source and environmental management. RCMRD is now providing service on a demand • To promote, encourage, co-ordinate and driven basis and in a business-like manner. harmonize member states policies in the fields of surveys, cartography and re- The Regional Centre for Mapping of Re- mote sensing (understood in their widest sources for Development (RCMRD) and the senses of the terms): United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) signed a cooperation agreement • Promote the development of cartographi- on the occasion of the UNSPIDER Regional cal and remote sensing activities in Workshop – “Building Upon Regional Space- member states, encourage the setting up based Solutions for Disaster Management and of services for cartographical production Emergency Response for Africa” in Addis and processing remote sensing in order Ababa on 7 July 2010. In its role as to assist economic planning and improve UNSPIDER Regional Support Office, RCMRD the development of natural resources, will support development and strengthening desertification and disaster management, of national capacities in the Eastern African and other activities related to geo- region, contribute to horizontal cooperation information and space sciences and co- and technical assistance to countries and operate with member states’ govern- organizations involved in disaster prevention ments for the establishment of efficient and mitigation, as well as assist in generating coordination of its activities. and sharing knowledge for the use of valu- • Favour the exploration and development able space based information in the decision of surveys, cartography, remote sensing making processes. and space science activities and ensure The RCMRD is an inter-governmental organi- the co-ordination of these activities in sation composed of 15 Member States in the the territories of its member states for Eastern and Southern Africa Regions, the better exploration, inventory and de- namely; Botswana, Comoros, Ethiopia, velopment of each nation’s natural re- Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, sources and those of common economic Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, interest to more than one of its member Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. states. • Encourage the establishment of close re- Contact Information lationships between its member states in Dr. Hussein Farah the fields of cartography and remote Director General sensing at the bilateral and multilateral [email protected] levels, ensure the coordination of activities and harmonization of efforts for the Dr. Tesfaye Korme success of cooperation and in this con- Director of Remote Sensing, Geo-Information text promote exchange of personnel. Systems and Mapping [email protected] • Be informed of potentialities in Africa or put at its disposal, introduce new tech- Kasarani Road, Off Thika Road niques and management of techniques of P. O. Box 632-00618 cartographical and remote sensing activi- Nairobi ties, inform member states and African Kenya bodies operating in this field about them through magazines, directories and other publications and fight for the national

ESPI Report 26 37 September 2010

and optimal use of existing means ac- 1987 and has been operational since 1992 in cording to the principle “depend on one- Niamey. All 54 states of Africa are members self first” in accordance with the Lagos of ACMAD. Plan of Action. The main goal of ACMAD is to contribute to • Promote the development of surveys, the sustainable development of African socio- cartography, remote sensing and space economic sectors by using information re- sciences through the establishment in lated to weather, climate and environment as territories of member states of reception, resources for development(within the context processing, training and assistance cen- of national strategies for poverty eradication) tres to use and participate closely in the in the fields of agriculture, water resources, coordination of activities of existing cen- health, public safety and renewable energy. tres of member states. To fulfil its goals, ACMAD works together with • Allow member states to have access to meteorologists from member states and ca- all techniques of cartography, remote pacity-building professionals from the Na- sensing and space sciences and promote tional Meteorological Services (NMS). The the development of them by creating at NMS specialise in weather prediction, climate the levels of the continent and its regions monitoring (extreme events…), transfer of training and services centres and foster- technology (telecommunications, computing ing those that already exist and rural communication) and in research. The NMS are encouraged by ACMAD to pre- • Set-up and support, in close collabora- pare strategic development plans that inte- tion with co-operating bodies, high level grate new African initiatives (NEPAD, regional training initiatives for member states as integration) and the socio-economic condi- well as organizations at the national, re- tions related to the changing global environ- gional and continental level, and organise ment (post Rio Conventions, Kyoto Protocol). conferences, seminars, exhibitions and Since 1996 ACMAD has been cooperating other meetings and demonstrations deal- with EUMETSAT and bringing into focus the ing with all aspects of activities in the use of METEOSAT satellite data. EUMETSAT fields of cartography, remote sensing and and ACMAD have a long-standing partnership space sciences. where ACMAD is responsible for the activities • Sustain regional specialized centres and related to climate monitoring in Africa and help them in implementing projects re- assembles on a periodic basis the meteoro- lated to mapping and geo-information. logical bulletin. This meteorological bulletin is disseminated throughout Africa through AOCRS conducts programs in the following EUMETCast. fields: Basic Geodetic Network; Cartography; Natural Resource Mapping; Remote Sensing The objectives of ACMAD are: and Space Sciences; Geographical Informa- • to prepare and disseminate products and tion System; Early warning; Training. services, specialising in early morning Principal national mapping and remote sens- advisories for agriculture and water man- ing organizations/agencies represent the agement; governments of 24 African countries: Algeria, • to ensure development and transfer of Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central Africa, tools and technology to the NMS; Congo, DR Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Libya, Mada- • to monitor communications with users gascar, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, notably in rural communities; Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, and • to network with NMS and regional devel- Uganda. opment aid institutions; Contact Information • to perform data collection and analysis; http://www.oact.dz/oact/ (not functioning) • to monitor climate variability and change, especially relating to economic 4.5.4 African Centre for Meteorological Applica- activities; tions for Development (ACMAD) • to provide a window to technology partners, under conditions which are typical The creation of the African Centre for Mete- of the African situation; supplement orological Applications for Development member states and partners contribu- (ACMAD) was initiated by the Conference of tions through a Resource Mobilisation the Ministers of the United Nations Economic policy. Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the World Meteorological Organization (WTO) in

ESPI Report 26 38 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Contact Information The mission of ARC is to promote information and training about food security, desertifica- 85 Avenue des Ministères, BP 13184 tion control and the management of natural Niamey and water resources; focusing on the science Niger and techniques applied to agricultural devel- Fax: +227 20723627 opment, rural development and natural re- Email: [email protected] source management. www.acmad.ne The objectives of ARC are to contribute to achieving food security and increased agricultural production in CILSS member states; 4.5.5 African Association of Remote Sensing of and to improve natural resource management the Environment (AARSE) in the Sahelian region by providing training and information to development stakeholders The African Association of Remote Sensing of and partners in agroecology taken as a whole the Environment was founded in 1992 for the (agroclimatology, hydrology, crop protec- development of GIS and remote sensing in tion…). Africa as part of the regional csollaboration process. It currently has over 1000 individual ARC uses METEOSAT data for operational and and institutional members from within and development activities, including rainfall es- outside Africa. It has annual conferences that timates, training, and agro-meteorological are increasingly popular for bringing together and hydrological applications, through the Africa’s growing communities of academics, established cooperation of EUMETSAT and professionals and enthusiasts working in the AGRHYMET from1996. For Western Africa, field of remote sensing and Geographic In- AGRHYMET has been the reference Regional formation Systems (GIS). It seeks to address centre for the framework of the PUMA Project the range of Africa’s developmental needs, and for the Regional Implementation Centre from resource management to governance in AMESD. ASMESD is responsible for the through the application of space technologies THEMA “Cropland and Rangeland Manage- while paying attention to related factors like ment” in the ECOWAS region. policy and infrastructure. Being the largest ARC has nine member states: Chad, Niger, conference of its type on the continent, it also Bukina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gam- serves as a hub to gather professionals bia, Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde. around other space-related initiatives with related themes such as the activities of the Group on Earth Observation System of Sys- Contact Information: tems in Africa, the development of open Mr. Mohamed YAHYA Ould MAHMOUD source GIS platforms and even proprietary (Director General) geo-informatics software. Tel: + 22 72 03 15 20 2 Email: [email protected] Contact Information: Mrs. Fatchima YAHAYA Tsehaie Woldai Tel: + 22 72 03 15 20 3 Email: [email protected] Tel: +31 53 487 42 79 Fax: +31 53 487 43 36 Mr. Philippe MORANT E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +22 72 03 15 26 5 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.itc.nl/aarse Mrs. Mariama SALIFOU Tel: + 22 72 03 15 26 6 4.5.6 AGRHYMET Regional Centre (ARC) Email: [email protected] The Regional Centre (ARC) of Agrometeo- www.agrhymet.ne rological and Hydrometeorological Operations and their Applications (AGRHYMET) is an interstate public institute and has interna- 4.5.7 IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications tional status. It was established in 1974 in Centre (ICPAC)) Niamey (Niger) as a specialised institution of the Permanent Inter-State Committee for The Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) is prone to Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS). It is a extreme climate events such as droughts and regional institute specialized in the science floods. These extreme events have severe and techniques applied to agricultural devel- negative impacts on key socio-economic sec- opment, rural development and natural re- tors of all the countries in the sub-region. source management. In 1989, twenty four countries in Eastern and Southern Africa established a Drought Moni- toring Centre with its headquarters in Nairobi

ESPI Report 26 39 September 2010

(the DMCN) and a sub centre in Harare The mission is to avail timely climate infor- (Drought Monitoring Centre Harare – DMCH) mation and prediction products, and enhance in response to the devastating weather re- application of the products to the reduction of lated disasters. In October 2003, the Heads climate and weather related risks to food of State and Governments of the Intergov- security, water resources and health for sus- ernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) tainable development in Southern Africa. held their 10th Summit in Kampala, Uganda, The main objective of the SADC DMC is to where DMCN was adopted as a specialized carry out climate monitoring and prediction IGAD institution. The name of the institution for early warning and mitigation of adverse was at the same time changed to IGAD Cli- impacts of extreme climatic events on agri- mate Prediction and Applications Centre cultural production, food security, water re- (ICPAC) in order to better reflect all its man- sources, energy, and health among other dates, mission and objectives within the socio-economic sectors. IGAD system. A Protocol integrating the institution fully into IGAD was however signed on The SADC-DMC is currently hosted by the 13 April 2007. Botswana Department of Meteorological Ser- vices. The vision of ICPAC is to become a viable regional centre of excellence in climate prediction and applications for climate risk man- Contact Information: agement, environmental management, and Mr B.J. Garanganga sustainable development. Its mission is to The Coordinator provide a timely climate early warning infor- The Drought Monitoring Centre mation and supporting specific sector applica- P/Bag 0095 tions to enable the region cope with various Gaborone, Botswana risks associated with extreme climate variability and change for poverty alleviation, Tel: +267 395 3413 environment management and sustainable Fax: +267 397 2848 development of the member countries. Email: [email protected] The centre is responsible for seven member http://www.sadc.int/dmc countries namely: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda as well 4.5.9 Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation as Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania Aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar Contact Information: (ASECNA) ASECNA is an international organisation cre- Laban A. Ogallo ated in 1959 with the mandate of ensuring Director general air traffic safety for its 18 Member IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications States, managing their air space and provid- Centre (ICPAC). ing services for air traffic and aeronautical P.O. Box 10304, 00100 Nairobi, meteorology. KENYA. The Agency is responsible for the design, Tel: 254 20 3514426 implementation and transmission of technical Fax: 254 20 3878343 , messages and traffic, guide traffic, control of Email: [email protected] air traffic information theft, forecasting and www.icpac.net reporting in the meteorological field for route approach and landing at airfield. 4.5.8 SADC- Drought Monitoring Centre (SADC- ASECNA operates the Ecole Africaine de la DMC) Météorologie et de l’Aviation Civile (EAMAC) in Niamey, Niger. ASECNA has close collabo- The start of the SADC-Drought Monitoring ration with EUMETSAT which began in 1998 Center (SADC-DMC) dates back to 1983 and aims at coordinating training activities on where during the sub-regional (SADC) satellite meteorology for Africa, including the Drought management meeting sponsored by use of EUMETSAT data and products for edu- WMO, Zimbabwe National Meteorological And cational purposes at EAMAC. EUMETSAT and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) agreed to EAMAC are regularly jointly organising train- cooperate, exchange climate data and estab- ing session on Satellite Meteorology for the lish a regional telecommunication hub in Lu- French-speaking African users. saka. SADC-DMC is provides the sub-region with weather and climate advisories as well ASECNA has also participated actively to the as timely early warnings on droughts, floods EGNOS Africa test bed implementation. and other extreme climate related events.

ESPI Report 26 40 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

The member states of ASECNA are Benin, Tel: +216 71 206 633/634 Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central, Comoros, Fax: +216 71 206 636 Congo, Cote d’ivore, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Email: [email protected] Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mauri- http://www.oss-online.org/ tania, Niger, Senegal, Chad, and Togo. Contact Information: 4.5.11 Commission Internationale du Bassin Mahamat Youssouf Congo-Oubangui-Sanga (CICOS) ASECNA Direction Générale The agreement establishing a Uniform 32-38, Avenue Jean Jaurès framework for the river system and creating BP 3144 Dakar, Senegal CICOS was signed on 6 November 1999 by Tel: +221 33 849 66 00 the 4 heads of state of Cameroon, Central Fax: +221 33 823 46 54 Africa, Congo and Democratic Republic of Email: [email protected] Congo (Angola is now observer). An Adden- dum to the agreement extending the man- http://www.asecna.aero/ date of CICOS to IWRM was signed on 22 February 2007. 4.5.10 Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) The aim of CICOS is to ensure efficient and effective coordination to enhance water man Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) is an agent in the Congo river basin. independent international organisation based in Tunis, Tunisia. It was founded in 1992 to CICOOS works together with various partners improve early warning and monitoring sys- such as the African Water Facility, GTZ, tems for agriculture, food security and France Coopération, FAO, WMO, African Net- drought in Africa. It has the role of the North- work of Basin Organizations in Central Africa South partnership platform. (RAOB). Furthermore, CICOS is involved in the AMESD project. The mission of OSS is to provide an adequate framework for North-South-South partner- The member states of CICOS are Cameroon, ship. Through this partnership, it aims to Central African, Congo and democratic repub- mobilise and reinforce member countries’ lic of Congo. capacity to tackle the environmental issues they face with a view to underpinning sus- Contact Information: tainable development and combating desertification in circum-Saharan Africa. The main Benjamin Ndala focus is on issues related to water and land General Secretary degradation. Building Kilou, BP 12645, Kinshasha Democratic Republic of Congo The OSS community includes 22 member countries, 5 countries in Europe and North Tel: +243 81 555 36 76, +243 81 555 36 75 America. These are: Algeria (AMU), Email: [email protected] Burkina Faso (CILSS), Canada, Cape-verde http://www.cicos.info (CILSS), Chad (CILSS), Côte d'Ivoire, Dji- bouti (IGAD), Egypt, Eritrea(IGAD), Ethiopia (IGAD), France, Germany, Guinea Bissau 4.5.12 African Institute of Space Science (CILSS), Italy, Kenya (IGAD), Libya (AMU), The African Science and Technology Consoli- Mali (CILSS), Mauritania (CILSS / AMU), Mo- dated Plan of Action were developed in 2005 rocco (AMU), Niger (CILSS), Senegal to give direction to the continent’s aspirations (CILSS), Somalia (IGAD), Sudan (IGAD), and efforts to collaborate on common initia- Switzerland, The Gambia (CILSS), Tunisia tives that would enhance its technological (AMU), Uganda (IGAD). It also includes, 4 capabilities. It follows a series of consulta- sub-regional organisations: AMU, IGAD, tions and workshops that aimed to consoli- CILSS, CEN-SAD; regional and international date the plans on science and technology for organisations: ACMAD, AOCRS, FAO, UNCCD, the continent developed by the African Union UNESCO, UN-GS; and civil society: Environ- and the New Partnership for African Devel- mental Development Action in the Third opment (NEPAD). It “articulates Africa’s World (Enda-TM). common objectives and commitment to collective actions to develop and use science Contact Information: and technology for the socio-economic trans- Mr Chedli Fezzani, formation of the continent and its integration Sahara and Sahel Observatory Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat, BP 31 Tunis Carthage, Tunisia, 1080

ESPI Report 26 41 September 2010

into the world economy”11. The establishment 4.5.15 International Academy of Astronautics Af- of an African Institute of Space Science is one rican Regional Conference of the programs under this plan and it aims to do the following: The International Academy of Astronautics holds annual African Regional Conferences. “(a) building public and policy-makers’ These conferences bring together space pro- awareness of the benefits of space science to fessionals on the continent. The membership Africa’s economic transformation and sus- of the academy is growing on the continent tainable development; and the regional conferences help to expand (b) Mapping global trends and identifying interest and awareness in astronautics and specific technological opportunities; and Af- other space activities especially as they per- rica’s Science and Technology Plan of Action tain to Africa’s unique needs and level of 37; development. (c) Identifying specific institutional arrange- General Secretary: ments for space science in Africa”. Jide AJAYI, National Space Research and Development Agency, Website: http://www.nepadst.org/platforms/aiss.shtml Tel: 234-802-340-1381, 234-807-584-9733 or 234-(9)-2342203 Fax: +234-(9)-4132624 4.5.13 Regional African Satellite Communications Email: [email protected], Organisation (RASCOM) [email protected] or [email protected] http://iaaweb.org/content/view/255/392 In February 1991, African countries agreed to co-operate in order to build a telecommunication satellite that will satisfy Africa's tele- 4.5.16 The African Institute of Corporate Citizen- communications needs, globally and opti- ship (AICC) mally. This decision led to the establishment of the Regional African Satellite Communica- The African Institute of Corporate Citizenship tions Organisation (RASCOM) in 1992. In (AICC) was established in 2001 and promotes December 2001, RASCOM launched its first sustainable business practice in Africa as an satellite RASCOMStar-QAF, however, the NGO. The aim of AICC is to facilitate the satellite suffered power failure 8 days after competitiveness of countries, companies, and its launch, thus reducing the orbit life by 13 communities through responsible business years from its expected 15 year life. The sat- activity and to be a centre of excellence in ellite will be replaced by Thales-Alenia, the corporate citizenship in Africa, promoting the company that built the first satellite. role of business in building sustainable communities. 4.5.14 African Leadership Conference (ALC) The objective of AICC is to facilitate, promote, support, and work in partnership with The idea of the ALC was conceived in 2004 by a range of development stakeholders in order South Africa, Algeria and Nigeria. The objec- to influence the underlying values of corpo- tive of the ALC is promoting the use of space rate citizenship and sustainable business tools towards achieving Africa’s sustainable practice. It aims to develop programmes in development. The ALC also seeks to sensitize the following fields: good governance and African leaders on the importance of science eliminating corruption; promoting a sustain- and space technology for the sustainable able workplace; and influencing the global socio-economic development of Africa. It also corporate social responsibility architecture. provides a regular forum for information ex- AICC takes the role of the key player in a change and will promote inter-African co- range of international corporate citizenship operation in the development and the appli- initiatives by providing African perspectives cation of space technology. The ARMC col- to emerging global standards of best practice. laboration is an initiative of the ALC. Additionally AICC offers advisory services to Prof. Ade Abiodun public and private sector businesses on a Tel: +1-516-333-5474 or range of sustainability issues. Through these +1-516-884-0559 processes AICC seeks to be an agent of pro- Email: [email protected] gressive change in advancing the corporate citizenship agenda. AICC's portfolio contains a wide range of activities and services. Moreover AICC assembles a number of multi-stakeholder project 11 AU and NEPAD. 2005. Africa’s Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action. [Online] Available at: networks spanning many countries in Africa. www.nepapdst.org/doclibrary/pdfs/ast_cpa_2007.pdf

ESPI Report 26 42 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Contact Information alisation conditions attached to loans and debt relief by working with and through Johannesburg office its partners. 1st Floor, 09 St Davids Place Parktown, Johannesburg • Mitigation against Climate Change. ADF P.O. Box 37357 works with partners to develop accessi- Birnam Park ble theological resources on ‘creation Johannesburg care’ to enable learning on global warm- South Africa ing and its disproportionate effects on the continent of Africa. This will include Tel: +27 11 643 6604 raising awareness about the way in Email: [email protected] which northern governments and busi- Malawi Office nesses react and respond Amina House Ground Floor • Preventing HIV/AIDS. ADF works with Lilongwe 3 Malawi partners to increase understanding of Private Bag 382 HIV/AIDS by developing a theological Lilongwe 3 framework in which to respond to stigma Malawi and discrimination. In addition support Tel. +265 1 772 404 the campaign to make life saving treat- Email: [email protected] ments available to African countries. The ADF targets the mobilisation of the Afri- 4.5.17 African Development Forum (ADF) can and Caribbean Christian community and wider diaspora through the confrontation with The African Development Forum (ADF) was poverty and the response to poverty by chal- founded in 2006 through the encouragement lenging unjust structural systems, which keep of Britain’s African and Caribbean Christian millions of Africans poor. Through educational community and implemented as a team in and advocacy activities, the AFD aims for 2007. The African Development Forum (ADF) economic and social progress. is formed by African and Caribbean Church leaders and is guided by the motto, ‘We be- In order to reinforce its vision, AFD extends lieve in Africa’. its collaboration with Christian Aid and Dr Robert Beckford, and partners with Tipping The objectives of ADF are: Point Film Fund to develop the ADF Progres- sive Forum. • Economic Justice. ADF will engage with the global movement calling for rich country governments and institutions to Contact Information implement pro-poor and pro- [email protected] development trade policies. This includes international trade rules and trade http://www.africandevelopmentforum.org/ agreements; an end to damaging liber-

ESPI Report 26 43 September 2010

5. European Actors

menting the decisions of the Parliament and the Council. It is also responsible for initiating 5.1 European Union (EU) legislation. The President of the Commission is Mr. Barroso. In the decision making process the European Parliament, the Council and Overview the Commission shall be assisted by an Eco- nomic and Social Committee and a Commit- The European Union is an economic and po- tee of the Regions acting in an advisory ca- litical union with 27 member states and 23 pacity. Under the latest treaty of the Union, official languages. It has established a single the Lisbon Treaty which entered into force on market and 16 member states have the Euro 1 December 2009, the European Council be- as their common currency. The EU maintains came an institution and has a permanent exclusive competencies in monetary policy for President. The European Council is responsi- member states in the Euro, customs, com- ble for defining the general political directions merce, and conservation of marine biological and priorities of the Union and has no legisla- resources. Other policy area competences tive functions. The President of the European such as social, economic, social and territorial Council will ensure the representation of the cohesion, agriculture, fisheries, environment, Union on issues concerning foreign and secu- consumer protection, transport, energy, free- rity policy. The European Council consists of dom, security and justice, and public health Heads of States or Governments of Member safety matters are shared between the EU States, together with the President of the and its member states. The first seeds for the Commission and its President Mr. Van Rom- EU were put in place after the Second World puy. The High Representative of the Union for War with the aim to end the wars between Foreign Affairs and Security Policy takes part the neighbouring countries in Europe. The EU in its work. With the entry into force of the was established in 1993 with the Treaty of Lisbon treaty Ms. Ashton is the High Repre- Maastricht, succeeding the European Com- sentative of the Union of Foreign Affairs and munities. On 1 December 2009, the European Security with the duties to conduct the Un- Community was replaced by the European ion’s common foreign and security policy and Union and takes all its rights and responsibili- has authority over the European External ties. The European Union consists of various Action Service (EEAS), also set up by the institutions and bodies of which the three Treaty of Lisbon, and over some 130 Union main institutions involved in the decision delegations in third countries and interna- making process of the Union are the Euro- tional organisations. Furthermore she is the pean Commission, the European Parliament Council’s representative for Common Foreign and the Council of the European Union often and Security policy, the President of the For- referred to as the Council. The European eign Affairs Council and the Vice-President of Commission (EC) is located in Brussels in the Commission. Regarding the space compe- Belgium; the Council is located in Brussels; tences, before the Lisbon treaty it was left up and the European Parliament (EP) is in Brus- to the Member States of the Union. Now, sels and in Strasbourg in France. The Council Articles 4 and 189 call for the Union to de- is one of the key actors in the European deci- velop competences to carry out activities and sion-making process. The Ministers of the implement programmes. In particular it calls Member State meet within the Council to for the Union to draw up a European Space approve legal regulations and budgets of the Policy and take up activities that may take a EU and other decisions. The Presidency of the form of a European Space Programme. The Council is held for six months by each Mem- treaty also recognises the importance of the ber State on a rotating basis. The European European Space Agency and calls for estab- Parliament represents the EU citizens and is lishing all appropriate relations at the Union responsible together with the Council for the level. other half of the legislature and budget approval of the Union. The European Commis- sion represents the interests of the Union as a whole and has the role of the executive of the Union, where it is responsible for imple-

ESPI Report 26 44 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Figure 7: European Union decision making process before the Lisbon Treaty.

Figure 8: European Union decision making process after the Lisbon Treaty.

ESPI Report 26 45 September 2010

latest treaty of the Union is the Lisbon Treaty which was signed in 2007 and entered into Historical Background force in 2009. This treaty makes the Euro- In 1951 six European countries, Belgium, pean Council an institution and creates a new France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the political figure, the President of the European Netherlands signed a Treaty establishing the Council, with the task to ensure the external European Coal and Steel Community which representation of the Union on issues con- entered into force in 1952 and expired in cerning the Union’s common foreign and se- 2002. In 1957 two Treaties were signed - the curity policy. The President of the European Treaties of Rome, whereby the European Council will be assisted in this by the EU High Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and Representative for Foreign Affairs and Secu- the European Economic Community were rity (often called the High Representative). formed. In 1965 the Marger Treaty provided The Treaty also sets the legal basis for a a single Council and Commission for the three European External Action Service (EEAS) communities. In 1973 the first enlargement headed by the High Representative. The took place with Denmark, Ireland, and the EEAS will be separate from the Commission United Kingdom becoming members of the and the Secretariat and will work in coopera- Union. In 1981, Greece became the 10th tion with the diplomatic services of the mem- member state and in 1986 Portugal and ber states and will coordinate the Union’s Spain were also included. In 1987 the Single external actions. It will prepare policy pro- European Act provided the foundations for posals for the Council and European Parlia- achieving a single market in the Union which ment and, after approval, implement them. had by then 12 member states. In 1989 the Furthermore, the EU’s crisis management fall of the Berlin Wall and the unification of structures will be part of EEAS as well as the East and West Germany highlighted the be- conduct of the European Security and De- ginning of the fall of the communist regimes fence Policy. in central and east European countries making new borders in Europe. In 1992 with the The EU values and aims Treaty of Maastricht that entered into force in 1993, the European Community was estab- The recently adopted Lisbon Treaty of the lished replacing the European Economic Union reaffirms the values of the Union for Community. This treaty also provided the peace, democracy, respect for human rights, foundations for closer intergovernmental justice, equality, rule of law and sustainabil- cooperation’s opening ways for economic and ity. The aims of the Union according to the political integration. It introduced the concept treaty are: of European citizenship and launched the • offer people an area of freedom, security Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The and justice without internal frontiers; freedom of movement of goods, services, people and money dominate as concepts in • work for sustainable development of the single market. In 1995 three more mem- Europe based on balanced economic bers, Austria, Finland and Sweden were growth and price stability, a highly com- added making the Union of 15. In 1997 the petitive social market economy, aiming Treaty of Amsterdam was signed entering at full employment and social progress, into force in 1999, amending the Treaty of with a high level of protection of the en- Maastricht and the Treaty of Rome. In 2001 vironment; the Treaty of Nice was signed and entered into force in 2003 focusing on reforming the • combat social exclusion and discrimina- institutions of the Union for it to function tion and promote social justice and pro- more efficiently. In January 2002 the Euro as tection; a single European Currency was circulated • promote economic, social and territorial amongst the 15 member states. In 2004 the cohesion, and solidarity among Member Union was enlarged to 24 states including 8 States; former communist countries: the Czech Re- public, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, • remain committed to economic and Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia as well as monetary union with the euro as its cur- Malta and Cyprus, as a divided island. In rency; 2007 Bulgaria and Romania also joined mak- • uphold and promote the European Un- ing a Union of 27 member states. Currently ion’s values in the wider world and con- 16 of the 27 member states are part of the tribute to peace, security, the sustainable Eurozone: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, development of the earth, solidarity and France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, respect among peoples, free and fair Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, trade, and the eradication of poverty; Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. The

ESPI Report 26 46 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

• contribute to the protection of human represents their interests. It is one of the rights, in particular the rights of the main decision making bodies in the union child, as well as the strict observance and it shares lawmaking powers with the and the development of international Council of the European Union. The law, including respect for the principles European Parliament also approves the of the United Nations charter. EU budget. • The Council of the European Union is Member States of the EU made up of 27 government ministers representing each of the Member States. The EU has 27 member countries, each hold- Together with the European Parliament it ing for six months in turn the rotating Presi- shares lawmaking and budgetary powers. dency of the Council of the European Union. It is a key decision making body coordi- The member states are: Austria, Belgium, nating EU economic policies and plays a Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, central role in foreign and security policy. Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, The EU presidency of the Council rotates Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, every six months among the Member Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, States and is chaired by the Minister of Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, the country holding the presidency. Un- Sweden, and United Kingdom. der the new Lisbon Treaty the Council of Foreign Ministers will be chaired by the Languages of the EU High Representative for Foreign and Se- curity Policy who is also the vice- Under the motto “Unity in diversity” the President of the Commission. For other European Union considers that many lan- areas such as agriculture, energy etc. the guages is an asset and promotes the freedom Council is still chaired by the Minister of of speech of speech of its citizens in their the country holding the Presidency. own language. Currently there are 23 official • The European Council is made up of the languages which are: Bulgarian, Czech, Dan- most senior elected political representa- ish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, tives of the Member States with execu- German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, tive powers, together with the President Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portu- of the Commission and the President of guese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish the European Council. Under the Lisbon and Swedish. The number of languages is treaty it has become one of the Union’s expected to increase as the Union will institutions. The role of the European enlarge. Furthermore, there are more than Council is to provide the Union’s general 60 regional or minority languages in the Un- political directions and priorities but it ion. Nevertheless, the procedural languages will not exercise legislative functions. The or working languages of the European institu- President of the European Council will tions are English, French and German, but chair the Council meetings and will rep- the citizens may request official documents in resent the EU internationally at the high- any of the 23 official languages of the Union. est level. The President will also ensure the representation of the Union on issues Organisation of the EU concerning foreign and security policy. The High Representative for Foreign Af- The Union has an institutional framework in fairs and Security Policy will take part in order to fulfil its aim to promote its values, its work. advance its objectives, serve its interests, those of its citizens and those of the Member • The European Commission represents States, and ensure the consistency, effec- the interests of the Union as a whole and tiveness and continuity of its policies and is accountable to the Council and the actions. According to the Lisbon Treaty the European Parliament. The European Institutions of the European Union are as Commission has the power to initiate follow121314: proposals for legislation and it has the role of the executive of the Union to im- • The European Parliament is elected di- plement the decisions of the Parliament rectly by the citizens of the Union to and the Council. The commission en- forces the Union’s policies, ensures that 12 Official Journal of the European Union, 2010/C8301, the budgets are implemented, manages Volume 53, 30 March 2010, ISBN 1725-2423. EU programmes and makes sure that 13 European Commission, “Your Guide to the Lisbon treaties are implemented properly. Treaty”, Belgium, July 2009, ISBN 978-92-79-12935-3. 14 General Secretariat of the Council of the EU, “Back- • The Court of Justice of the European Un- ground-President of the European Council”, Press, Brus- ion consists of at least one judge from sels, November 2009.

ESPI Report 26 47 September 2010

each EU country and the office is renew- The EU Commission able every six years. Its role is to give legal judgment on cases brought before The European Commission has five years it and oversees that EU legislation is in- term in office and currently the 2010-2014 terpreted and applied in the same way in Commission is in place. The Members are: all EU countries, so that the law is equal • President: José Manuel Baroso (Portugal) fore everyone. • High Representative of the Union of For- • The European Central Bank, together eign Affairs and Security Policy, Vice- with the national central banks of the President: Catherine Ashton (United Member States whose currency is the Kingdom) euro, conducts the monetary policy of • Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizen- the Union. Its role is to maintain price ship, Vice-President: Viviane Reding stability in the euro area. (Luxembourg) • Commissioner for Competition, Vice- • The Court of Auditors, carries out the Un- President: Joaquín Alunia (Spain) ion’s audit. Its role is to check that EU • Commissioner for Transport, Vice- funds are used properly. President: Siim Kallas (Estonia) • Commissioner for Digital Agenda, Vice- In addition there are other bodies: President: Neelie Kroes (Netherlands) • The Committee of the Regions is one of • Commissioner for Industry and Entrepre- the advisory bodies of the union which neurship, Vice-President: Antonio Tajani represents regional and local authorities. (Italy) It has to be consulted before EU deci- • Commissioner for Institutional Relations sions are taken on matters such as re- and Administration, Vice-President: Ma- gional policy, the environment, culture, roš Šefčovič (Slovakia) education and transport. • Commissioner for Environment: Janez Potočnik (Slovenia) • The European Economic and Social • Commissioner for Economic and Mone- Committee is one of the consultative tary Affairs: Olli Rehn (Finland) bodies of the union and represent organ- • Commissioner for Development: Andris ised and civil society. It gives represen- Piebalgs (Latvia) tatives of Europe’s interest groups such • Commissioner for Internal Market and as employer organisations and trade un- Services: Michel Barnier (France) ions, and other ‘organised civil society’ • Commissioner for Education, Culture, bodies, a formal platform to express their Multilingualism and Youth: Androula Vas- points of view on EU issues. siliou (Cyprus) • The European Investment Bank has the • Commissioner for Taxation and Customs task to contribute, by having recourse to Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud: Algirdas the capital market and utilising its own Šemeta (Lithuania) resources, to the balanced and steady • Commissioner for Trade: Karel De Gucht development of the internal market in (Belgium) the interest of the Union. Thus, its role is • Commissioner for Health and Consumer to finance economic development. Its Policy: John Dalli (Malta) budget is independent of the EU budget. • Commissioner for Research, Innovation It invests on projects for developing less- and Science: Máire Geoghegan-Quinn developed regions of common interest to (Ireland) several Member States, and for modern- • Commissioner for Budget and Financial ising or converting undertakings or for Programming: Janusz Lewandowski (Po- developing fresh activities called for by land) the establishment or functioning of the • Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and internal market. Fisheries: Maria Damanaki (Greece) • Commissioner for International Coopera- There is also the European Ombudsman tion and Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Re- which has the task to investigate cases of sponse: Kristalina Georgieva (Bulgaria) complaints and uncover maladministration • Commissioner for Energy: Günther Oet- and propose solutions. The Ombudsman acts tinger (Germany) as an intermediary between the citizen and • Commissioner for Regional Policy: Jo- the EU authorities. It carries out investiga- hannes Hahn (Austria) tions following a complaint or on its own ini- • Commissioner for Climate Action: Connie tiative and operates independently. Hedegaard (Denmark) • Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighborhood Policy: Štefan Füle (Czech Republic)

ESPI Report 26 48 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

• Commissioner for Employment, Social low carbon economy, increase the use of Affairs and Inclusion: László Andor (Hun- renewable energy sources, modernise gary) the transport sector and promote energy • Commissioner for Home Affairs: Cecilia efficiency. Malmström (Sweden) • “An industrial policy for the globalisation • Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural era” to improve the business environ- Development: Dacian Cioloş (Romania) ment, notably for SMEs, and to support The European Commission has four main the development of a strong and sus- roles: tainable industrial base able to compete globally. • to propose legislation to Parliament and Council; • “An agenda for new skills and jobs” to • to manage and implement EU policies modernise labour markets and empower and budgets; people by developing their skills • to enforce EU law (jointly with the Court throughout the lifecycle with a view to of Justice); increase labour participation and better • to represent the European Union on the match labour supply and demand, includ- international stage. ing through labour mobility. • “European platform against poverty” to The “Europe 2020”15 Strategy ensure social and territorial cohesion such that the benefits of growth and jobs On the 17 June 2010 the Union adopted are widely shared and people experienc- 15 “Europe 2020” , the Union’s new 10 year ing poverty and social exclusion are en- strategy. This strategy focuses on pulling the abled to live in dignity and take an active Union through from the global financial crisis part in society. and additionally puts forward three mutually reinforcing priorities: The EU and AU Relationship • Smart growth: developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation. There is a permanent delegation of the EU to the AU. Their role is to • Sustainable growth: promoting a more resource efficient, greener and more • help coordinate EU policy and action re- competitive economy. lating to the AU, and relations between the broader partner group and the AU • Inclusive growth: fostering a high- employment economy delivering social • maintain close contact with the AU and territorial cohesion. Commission and its other institutions, and the representative offices of African The Commission has put forward seven flag- sub-regional organisations and AU coun- ship initiatives to catalyse progress under tries each priority theme: • help, advise and support the AU on re- • “Innovation Union” to improve frame- quest, in all areas outlined in the Africa- work conditions and access to finance for EU strategy (e.g. development and im- research and innovation so as to ensure plementation) that innovative ideas can be turned into products and services that create growth • monitor and report on all relevant AU and jobs. developments • “Youth on the move” to enhance the per- • assist the EU's political dialogue and formance of education systems and to broader relationship with the AU facilitate the entry of young people to the Mr. Koen Vervaeke is the EU Special Repre- labour market. sentative to the African Union (until 31 Au- • “A digital agenda for Europe” to speed up gust 2010) the roll-out of high-speed internet and reap the benefits of a digital single mar- Contact Information ket for households and firms. [email protected] • “Resource efficient Europe” to help de- couple economic growth from the use of Tel: +251.11.416.37.00 resources, support the shift towards a Fax: +251.11.416.37.03/17 Press Officer 15 European Commission, “Europe 2020. A strategy for Christophe Boulierac smart, sustainable and inclusive growth”, Communications [email protected] from the Commission, COM(2010)2020, Brussels 3.3.2010

ESPI Report 26 49 September 2010

Secretaries to EUSR collaborate under the GMES Africa initia- Jayne Hill tive. [email protected] • In 1996, EUMETSAT and ACMAD estab- Eva BLAKE lished their cooperation aimed at the use [email protected] of the METEOSAT satellite data. EUMESAT and ACMAD have also been cooperating under the PUMA project. 5.2 EUMETSAT • In 1996, EUMETSAT and AGRHYMET established their cooperation to foster the The European Organisation for the Exploita- use of METEOSAT data for operational tion of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and development activities, including was established in 1986 as an intergovern- rainfall estimates, training and agro- mental organisation with the objective to meteorological and hydrological applica- provide from space information that can be tions. Collaboration with AGRHYMET was used for weather forecasting and climate also achieved under the PUMA project. applications. EUMETSAT has 26 Member States16 and its headquarters are located in • In 1996, EUMETSAT and ASECNA estab- Darmstadt, Germany. lished their cooperation aimed at coordinating training activities on satellite me- The main activity of EUMETSAT is to deliver teorology for Africa, including the use of weather and climate-related satellite data, EUMETSAT data and products for the images and products 24 hours a day, 365 educational purposes of the Ecole Afri- days a year. This is supplied through the caine de la Mètèorogie et de l’Aviation motoring of the surfaces of the earth, includ- Civile (EAMAC) in Niamey, Niger which is ing the oceans by the system of meteorologi- operated by ASECNA. cal satellites, in a high quality. EUMETSAT provides this information to the National Me- As part of EUMETSAT recurrent tasks the teorological Services of the Organisation's following activities are implemented in sup- Member and Cooperating States in Europe as port to its user in Africa: well as private users for meteorological and • Data dissemination in Africa. Thanks to climate related satellite data. EUMETCast Africa (a component of The information provided by the EUMETSAT GEONETCast operated by EUMETSAT), systems also assists meteorologists in identi- EO data and products are provided in fying and monitoring potentially dangerous real-time to various users in Africa. It weather conditions and issuing early fore- encompasses EUMETSAT products but casts and warnings to the relevant authorities also third party product (VEGETATION, and services. This is critical for the protection Marine, MODIS, etc) of human life, property, safety on air travel, • Training activities. In cooperation with shipping and road traffic, farming, construc- the three Training centre (Niger, Kenya, tion and other industries. South Africa) EUMETAST is conducting 3 EUMETSAT provides support in developing to 5 training courses in Africa every year countries including Africa. There are various on satellite meteorology and is contribut- projects where EUMETSAT, together with ing to several other training events. other partners has provided support to Afri- • User Forum in Africa. The purpose of the can States. EUMETSAT has also established Forum is to reinforce the well established various cooperation agreements and signed dialogue between EUMETSAT and the Af- memorandums of understanding with various rican user community to optimise the use African stakeholders. These collaborations of EUMETSAT satellite data and products are: throughout the continent.. • In 2008, EUMETSAT signed a Memoran- • Help Desk. Through it Help Desk dum of Understanding with the African EUMETAST is providing support to its Af- Union Commission regarding the AMESD rican user about their data acquisition in- programme. EUMETSAT and EAC also frastructure (EUMETCast station) and the EUMETAST data and products. In addition to these core activities, 16 The 25 Member States of EUMETSAT are Austria, EUMETAST is involved in various projects Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, currently running in Africa. These projects France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia are: Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey • Provision of Meteosat Second Generation th and the United Kingdom. Romania will be 26 Member in Africa (PUMA). This EDF funded project State. Its membership is currently pending approval.

ESPI Report 26 50 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

is an international collaboration that pro- sation, which today includes 18 members17. vides the continent’s National Meteoro- Most of them are also EU members, apart logical and Hydrological Services with from Switzerland. Canada participates in operational access to state-of-the-art various ESA activities under a Cooperation satellite data, products and technology. Agreement. Currently Hungary, Romania, The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Poland, Estonia and Slovenia are participating of satellites has been the catalyst for the in the Plan for European Cooperating States Preparation for Use of MSG in Africa (PECS), while other countries are in negotia- (PUMA) project. tion with ESA in order to join this initiative. • User Forum in Africa. The purpose of the ESA’s main activities involve drawing up a Forum is to reinforce the well-established European Space Programme and carrying it dialogue between EUMETSAT and the Af- out. The programmes of ESA are manifold rican user community to optimise the use and very broad from scientific and research of EUMETSAT satellite data and products projects and programmes in outer space to throughout the continent. This project is development of satellite-based technologies funded under the EC 7th Framework pro- and services, and promotion of European gram. industries. • African Monitoring of the Environment for ESA is broadly involved in international coop- Sustainable Development (AMESD). This eration with other space faring nations like initiative takes the Preparation for Use of the United States, Japan, Russia as well as MSG in Africa (PUMA) project a stage fur- with developing countries like Africa. The ther by extending the operational use of Director of ESA’s Earth Observation Pro- Earth observation technologies and data gramme has said that "Africa is relevant for to environmental and climate monitoring Europe, and space is relevant for Af- applications. It is funded by the 9th EDF. rica."18Two important projects, which strength the cooperation between Africa and ESA, are • Global Monitoring for Environment and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Africa initiative aims at Security (GMES) and TIGER projects. strengthening of capacities and developing infrastructure for the intense and co- GMES is a European Union guided project in herent exploitation by African users of partnership with ESA.GMES responds to the Earth Observation (space and in-situ), African States’ needs to “develop an inte- data, technologies and services in sup- grated environmental monitoring capability” port of the environmental policies for for the needs of the African citizen such as sustainable development in Africa. land, marine and emergency services. • Other Projects (funded by FP7) The TIGER Initiative is an ESA founded project that was initiated in 2002 in response to GEONETCast applications for and by o the urgent need for action in Africa as Developing Countries (Devcocast) stressed by the Johannesburg World Summit Assessment of ICT for Disaster Man- o on Sustainable Development (WSSD) regard- agement in Africa (AÏDA) ing water resources. TIGER aims to “help Mitigate and Assess risk from Volcanic o African countries overcome problems faced in Impact on Terrain and human Activi- the collection, analysis and dissemination of ties (MIA-VITA) water-related geo-information by exploiting African-European Georesources Ob- o Earth Observation technology.” TIGER in- servation System (AEGOS) cludes several projects, and it contains two EAMNet (European Marine Network) o phases - 2002 and 2009. In TIGER different Details of these projects can be found in Sec- partners cooperate together with ESA such as tion 8. the UNESCO Water Portal, CSIR, UNOOSA and the UN Economic Commission for Africa to fulfil the task of TIGER. The TIGER Stake- holder Group includes: the African Water 5.3 European Space Agency Authorities; the African regional and national technical centres; the African regional eco- The European Space Agency (ESA) was es- nomic and development institutions; the tablished on 30 May 1975 to promote coop- Committee of Earth Observation Satellites eration between European States in space research and technology and in space applications, with the aim of them being used for 17 ESA Member States are: Austria, Belgium, Czech Re- science and operational space application public, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, systems. ESA is an intergovernmental organi- Portugal Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 18 http://www.esa.int/esaEO/SEMRGE361AF_index_0.html

ESPI Report 26 51 September 2010

(CEOS); the international Agencies which Integrated Water Resource Management; the sponsor Integrated Water Management; the private sector; and non-governmental or- international group of funding agencies for ganisations (NGOs).

ESPI Report 26 52 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

6. International Actors

Information Systems (GIS), communications and navigation, meteorology and hydrology. 6.1 United Nations They also apply valuable space-related or space-aided activities to basic space sciences United Nations and Africa and improvement of safety, as well as other activities related to space science. Further to Various organisations within the United Na- that they promote the United Nations aim of tions are involved with activities in Africa but international cooperation in the peaceful uses not all of them are actively involved using of outer space. Space related activities within space and satellite applications. A selected the United Nations system fall into four main list of UN Agencies, Departments, Programs, categories: or Affiliates are: UN Sec.-Gen./Security Council, UN Special Adviser on Africa, UN • education and training; Cartographic Africa Renewal, African Mis- • the provision of expertise to identify ar- sions, Climate Change-Copenhagen, FAO, eas where space applications could be Sustainable Development, UNAIDS, UNCCD, used; UNCDF, UNCHR, UNCHS, UNCTAD, UNDP, POPIN, UNOWA, UN Peacekeeping, UNECA, • the dissemination of information on the UNECA-"NEPAD", PADIS, UNEP, UNESCO, status of space technology; UNFPA, UN-Habitat, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, • pilot projects of applications to support UNMAS, UNOCHA, UNODC (Drugs & Crime), economic and social development. UNRISD, UNU. Details and contact information for each of the United Nations Agencies The use of remote sensing and GIS is being on Africa can be found in Appendix A. UNECA utilized particularly for capacity building in will be described in detail in Section 6.1.1 as developing countries. Most effective efforts it has a focal role in Africa and cooperates are directed towards the strengthening of closely with all other agencies. It has a broad operational capabilities of existing institu- role through its mandate to promote the eco- tions. Mainly, these are involved in environ- nomic and social development of its member mental management for sustainable devel- states, foster intra-regional integration and opment, natural resource monitoring or land- promote international cooperation for Africa's cover mapping. The application of satellite development technology constitutes an important element of technical cooperation in meteorology and United Nations and Space hydrology. In addition, satellite communication systems are considered vital tools for Regarding space activities there are also a social and economic development, as demon- number of organisations within the United strated by the Regional African Satellite Nations that are involved in space technolo- Communications System (RASCOM) project. gies and their terrestrial applications. Such They are also used to improve communica- agencies actively involved in using space tions between the headquarters and the re- technology are: the International Atomic gional offices of the UN organizations and Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Civil between the regional offices themselves, as Aviation Organization (ICAO), the World In- demonstrated by the Mercure satellite tele- tellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the communications system. Meanwhile, applica- World Health Organization (WHO) and the tions of space technology for land, maritime World Bank. Other organisations using space and aeronautical mobile communications are technology and applications are the United being significantly used by the specialized Nations Secretariat, the United Nations De- agencies of the UN. velopment Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Through the provision of expert services, a the United Nations International Drug Control marine and coastal zone data information Board (UNDCP). These organizations use system is being developed. It will improve space technology for the benefit of their management of water and coastal resources Member States within the fields of remote and also upgrade meteorological observations sensing of Earth from space and Geographic by installing networks of data collection plat-

ESPI Report 26 53 September 2010

forms (DCPs). It will also improve the mete- space-related activities of the UN system20. orological telecommunication system by UNOOSA will be described in detail in Section planning the implementation of a regional 6.1.2 as it is has the coordinating role for all network. Reflecting the increasing awareness space activities within the United Nations. of global environmental changes, organiza- Furthermore one of its programmes the tions within the United Nations system are UNSPIDER will be discussed in detail in Sec- cooperating in global schemes such as the tion 6.1.3. Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS), Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), 6.1.1 United Nations Economic Commission for Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), World Cli- Africa (UNECA or ECA) mate Research Programme (WCRP) and the The United Nations Economic Commission for World Climate Data and Monitoring Pro- Africa (UNECA or ECA) was established by the gramme. Turning to the use of space applica- Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the tions to improve global safety, studies have United Nations (UN) in 1958 as one of the been taking place to apply space technology UN's five regional commissions. It is the UN’s to establish safety and early warning systems regional commission serving Africa. UNECA’s such as the Global Maritime Distress and mandate is to promote the economic and Safety System (GMDSS) for the reduction of social development of its member states, natural disasters. foster intra-regional integration, and promote The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer international cooperation for Africa's devel- Space (COPUOS) provides an effective opment. mechanism for keeping states informed of The Commission is organized around six sub- the activities of the international, govern- stantive programme divisions: Food Security mental and non-governmental organizations and Sustainable Development; African Centre involved in this field. Within the United Na- for Gender and Social Development; Trade, tions family of specialized agencies, the FAO Finance and Economic Development; Infor- (Food and Agricultural Organization), the ITU mation and Communications Technologies (International Telecommunications Union), (ICT) and Science and Technology; Govern- WMO ( World Meteorological Organization), ance and Public Administration; and NEPAD IMO (International Maritime Organization) and Regional Integration. It also has the Afri- and UNESCO (United Nations Education, Sci- can Centre for Statistics, the African Institute entific and Cultural Organization) have been for Economic Development and Planning, the actively involved since the beginning of the Office of Strategic Planning and Programme space age with satellite remote sensing tech- Management, and the Division of Administra- nology, space communications, satellite me- tion. In addition, five sub-regional offices teorology and space science. contribute their perspective to the work pro- The United Nations conduct a coordinated gramme and support outreach activities. programme of activities in order to utilise Drawing on this structure UNECA deploys space activities in the fullest19. In order to several modalities and services to support its achieve this, a United Nations Inter-Agency member states: policy analysis and advo- Meeting on Outer Space Activities is con- cacy; enhancing partnerships; technical as- ducted annually to discuss current and future sistance; communication and knowledge activities, emerging technologies of interest sharing; and supporting sub-regional activi- and other related maters. The participating ties. ECA plays a very active role in African UN organisations are: ECA, ECE, ECLAC, development, particularly in the area of ICT ESCAP, ESCWA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ISDR, and Science and Technology. However, ECA IMO, ITU, UN-DESA, UN-DPKO, UN-OCHA, does not have a specific space program; UN-OOSA, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNHCR, space technologies and their applications are UNIDO, UNITAR, UNODC, World Bank, WHO, part of other programmes. WIPO, WMO. ECA's work programme now focuses on The meeting issues a report on it delibera- achieving results in two related and mutually tions for the consideration of the United Na- supportive areas: tions Committee on the Peaceful Uses of • Promoting Regional Integration in sup- Outer Space (UNOOSA), the primary UN body port of the African Union vision and pri- that deals with peaceful uses of space and orities. ECA's support to the implementa- international cooperation in outer space. The tion of AUC's regional integration agenda meeting also produces, on behalf of the Sec- focuses on undertaking research and pol- retary-General, a report on the coordinated icy analysis on regional integration is-

20 The website providing this information is 19 http://www.un.org/events/unispace3/bginfo/activities.htm http://www.uncosa.unvienna.org/uncosa/en/index.html.

ESPI Report 26 54 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

sues, strengthening capacity and provid- to sub-regional activities, particular emphasis ing technical assistance to institutions is now placed on advisory services and tech- driving the regional integration agenda, nical assistance aimed at building the capac- including strengthening and supporting ity of the RECs to implement their agendas the Regional Economic Communities and, particularly, to promote regional inte- (RECs), and working on a range of trans- gration. In particular the ECAs programmes boundary initiatives and activities in sec- are: tors vital to the regional integration • African Center for Statistics (ACS). The agenda. objective is to strengthen capacities for • Meeting Africa's special needs and statistical development at national, emerging global challenges. ECA recog- subregional and regional levels, including nizes the importance of focusing atten- the promotion of the development of im- tion on Africa's special needs, particularly proved and integrated statistical data- within the context of achieving the bases in support of decision-making and MDGs. In this regard, ECA places empha- policy formulation, monitoring and sis on supporting efforts to eradicate evaluation. poverty, placing African countries on the • Food Security and Sustainable Develop- path of growth and sustainable development (FSSD). The overall objective is to ment, reversing the marginalization of strengthen the capacity of member Africa in the globalization process, and states to design institutional arrange- accelerating the empowerment of ments and implement national policies women. It aims to provide significant and programmes that reinforce the link- technical support to the African Peer Re- ages within the nexus of food security, view Mechanism (APRM) and also to population, environment and human set- promote peer learning and knowledge tlements in order to achieve sustainable sharing in a range of development areas. development, and to contribute to build- Within the two pillars, the commission fo- ing the capacity of African countries to cuses on the following thematic areas: utilize science and technology in achieving sustainable development. • Regional Integration, Trade and Infra- structure; • African Centre for Gender and Social De- velopment (ACGS). The overall objective • Meeting the MDGs with a special empha- of the African Centre for Gender and De- sis on Poverty Reduction and Growth, velopment (ACGD) is to inform and influ- Sustainable Development and Gender; ence the content as well as the direction • Promoting Good Governance and Popular of economic and social development Participation; within Africa, with a view to making them more gender- responsive. • ICT, Science and Technology for Devel- opment; and • Governance and Public Administration Division (GPAD). The main goal of the • Statistics and Statistical Development. Governance and Public Administration The choice of activities to be undertaken un- Division (GPAD) is to improve govern- der each thematic cluster is based on the ance and development management to demand expressed by Member States and the enhance national capacity and capability RECs in various forums as well as on the spe- in ECA's member states. It also focuses cific competencies of ECA. In that context, on support for the Africa Peer Review the focus of ECA service delivery is at the Mechanism (APRM) process. regional and sub-regional levels with the • ICT, Science and Technology Division Commission's 5 Sub-Regional Offices (SROs) (ISTD). The objective is to strengthen each taking the lead in their respective sub- the capacity for the development and the regions. At the regional level, the thrust of use of information and knowledge sys- ECA activities is predominantly focused in two tems, such as spatial databases as sup- areas. First, ECA aims to play a significant port tools for decision-making and for role in monitoring and reporting on the pro- socio-economic development at the local, gress being made by the continent on meet- national and sub-regional and regional ing global and continental commitments thus levels. supporting progress in mutual accountability. Second, ECA aims to continue its significant • Regional Integration, Infrastructure and contribution in the area of advocacy and con- Trade Division (RIITD). The programme sensus building, including developing com- aims to support on-going efforts to mon positions to give the continent a achieve inter-REC free trade areas and stronger voice in global forums. With regard common markets and monetary unions

ESPI Report 26 55 September 2010

among regional economic communities rundi, Cameroun (also English), Cap-Vert, and their member states towards accel- Comores, Rep. du Congo, Dem. Rep. du erating the process of Africa’s economic Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypte (also cooperation, effective integration in the English & Arabic), Gabon, Guinée, Guinée- global economy and physical integration Bissau, Guinée équatoriale, Madagascar, Mali, in accordance with the vision and mission Maroc (also Arabic), Mauritanie, Niger, Rép. of the African Union and its NEPAD pro- Centrafricaine Rwanda, Sao Tomé-et- gram. Principe, Sénégal, Tchad, Togo, Tunisie (also Arabic); and the Arabic Speaking Algeria • Economic Development and NEPAD Divi- (also French), Egypt (also English & French), sion (EDND). The work of TFED focuses Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco (also on issues relating to macroeconomic French), Sudan (also English), Tunisia (also analysis, including monitoring of macro- French). economic trends and macro-micro linkages. It also deals with international On 19 July 2010 in Addis Ababa, four Euro- trade, international trade negotiations pean funding partners: Denmark, Norway, development, finance and financial sector Sweden and the UK signed a memorandum of policies, debt, aid, investment, and in- understanding (MoU) under the Joint Financ- dustrial policies. ing Arrangement (JFA) to provide substantial support to the ECA Business Plan 2010-2012. UNECA provides technical assistance and JFA is a step by the four partners towards policy advice to African countries and the fulfilling the Paris Declaration commitments regional economic communities (RECs). This to increase efforts to harmonize, align and assistance is delivered through a variety of manage aid for results. The commitment was tools, including on-demand regional advisory in response to ECA’s request for a long-term services, training workshops and seminars, predictable partner support for projects and and fellowship and internship programmes programmes in its Business Plan 2010-2012, involving visiting scholars and researchers. and complements programmes funded Regional advisory services have focused on through its regular UN budget. key areas, namely gender and development; ICT; the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poverty reduction; public finance Contact Information management; trade promotion and negotia- Office of the Executive Secretary (OES): tion; water; and statistics. Mr. Abdoulie Janneh UNECA's five sub-regional offices (SROs) Executive Secretary serve as vital links between policy-oriented Ms Lalla Ben Barka analytical work generated at headquarters Deputy Executive Secretary and policy making at the sub-regional level. United Nations Economic Commission for They also serve as hubs for the dissemination Africa of UNECA's policy through hands-on work- P.O. Box 3005 shops, training, data collection and knowl- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia edge sharing. Office of the Executive Secretary The headquarters of UNECA are located in Tel: +251 11-544 3336 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and the five sub re- Fax: +251 11 551 4416 gional offices are the Central Africa SRO in ICT and Science & Technology Division Yaoundé in Cameroon, East Africa SRO in (ISTD): Kigali in Rwanda, North Africa SRO in Tangier Ms. Aida Opoku-Mensah, Director in Morocco, Southern Africa SRO in Lusaka in United Nations Economic Commission for Zambia, and the West Africa SRO in Niamey Africa in Niger. P.O. Box 3001 UNECA has 53 member states corresponding Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to the 53 members states of the UN that lie Tel: +251 11 544 3167 within Africa. The member states are the Fax: +251 11 551 0512 English Speaking Botswana, Cameroon (also Email: [email protected] French), Egypt (also French and Arabic), Eri- trea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Leso- Website: www.uneca.org tho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (also Arabic), Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Na- 6.1.2 United Nations Office for Outer Space Af- mibia, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, So- fairs - UNOOSA malia, South Africa, Sudan (also Arabic), Swaziland, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zim- The United Nations Office of Outer Space babwe; the French Speaking Algérie (also Affairs (UNOOSA) was created on 13 Decem- Arabic), Angola, Bénin, Burkina Faso, Bu- ber 1958 by resolution 1348 (XIII) of the

ESPI Report 26 56 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

General Assembly, as a small expert unit Vienna International Centre within the Secretariat to serve the ad hoc P.O. Box 500, A - 1400 Vienna Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Austria Space. In 1962 it became a unit within the Phone: (43-1) 26060-0 Department of Political and Security Council Fax: (43-1) 26060 5830 Affairs and was transformed in 1968 to the E-mail: [email protected] Outer Space Affairs Division of the Depart- ment. Since 1993 the office has resided in Website: www.oosa.unvienna.org/ Vienna. The Office is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, to support the achieve- 6.1.3 United Nations Space-based Information ment of development goals for the benefit of for Disaster Management and Emergency humankind. The Office implements the deci- Response (UN-SPIDER) sions of the United Nations General Assembly The United Nations Platform for Space-based and of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Information for Disaster Management and Outer Space and its two Subcommittees, the Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) pro- Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and gramme was established pursuant to United the Legal Subcommittee. Nations General Assembly resolution 61/110 The Office is headed by Ms. Mazlan Othman on 14 December 2006. The mission of UN- of Malaysia who has served as Director of the SPIDER is to ensure that all countries and Office since December 2007 and has two international and regional organizations have sections: the Space Applications Section access to and develop the capacity to use all (SAS), which organizes and carries out the types of space-based information to support United Nations Programme on Space Applica- the full disaster management cycle. tions (PSA), and the Committee Services and UN-SPIDER has been involved in a number of Research Section (CSRS), which provides initiatives that make space technologies substantive secretariat services to the Com- available for humanitarian and emergency mittee, its two subcommittees and its work- response. UN-SPIDER is the first to focus on ing groups. the need to ensure access to and use of such Since its creation in 1971, the United Nations solutions during all phases of the disaster Programme on Space Applications (PSA), of management cycle, including the risk reduc- the Space Applications Section (SAS), has tion phase, which will significantly contribute had the mission to enhance the understand- to reducing the loss of lives and property. ing and subsequent use of space technology UN-SPIDER is the gateway to space informa- for peaceful purposes in general, and for nation for disaster management support, by tional development, in particular, in response serving as a bridge to connect the disaster to expressed needs in different geographic management and space communities and by regions of the world. being a facilitator of capacity-building and institutional strengthening, in particular for It has made substantial progress in furthering developing countries. In this capacity UN- knowledge and experience of space applica- SPIDER has an active network in various Afri- tions around the world. Provision of country can countries. Currently, in Africa there are capacity-building, education, research and four UN-SPIDER Regional Support Offices development support and technical advisory (RSO) and these are: services by the Programme have all helped to reduce the gap between the industrialized • UN-SPIDER RSO in Nigeria is domiciled in and developing countries. It is implementing the National Space Research and Devel- programmes in the following thematic areas: opment Agency (NASRDA). The RSO in Nigeria was established in 2008 with the • Basic Space Science mandate to promote and support the use • Use and Applications of Global Navigation of space technology within and outside Satellite Systems Nigeria for the management of the full disaster cycle including prevention and • Natural Resources Management & Envi- mitigation. ronmental Monitoring Contact Information: • Satellite Communications Dr. Seidu Onailo Mohammed, Director • Space Technology and Disaster Manage- General/Chief Executive, ment Phone: +234-8033139987 Contact Information Dr. Godstime James, Manager of Re- gional Support Office Remote Sensing Office for Outer Space Affairs and GIS,

ESPI Report 26 57 September 2010

Phone: +234-8022739154; • Satellite observation requirements from +234-7056195374 WMO and co-sponsored programmes E-mail. [email protected] • Consolidating requirements, maintaining • UN-SPIDER RSO in Algeria is domiciled in a Gap Analysis and promoting a vision of the Algerian Space Agency (Agence Spa- the future space-based component of the tiale Algerienne, ASAL). It was estab- GOS lished during the third African Leadership • Developing the space-based component Conference on Space Science and Tech- of the GOS nology for Sustainable Development on 7 December 2009 in Algiers. • Supporting global planning and optimiza- tion, technical coordination, satellite in- • UN-SPIDER RSO in South Africa is in the ter-calibration and coordinated process- process of becoming established. ing of environmental satellite observation • UN-SPIDER RSO in Kenya is the Regional data, in partnership with satellite agen- Center for Mapping of Resources for De- cies, CGMS and CEOS velopment (RCMRD), which is an inter- • Enhancing the availability of satellite governmental organization with 15 Mem- data, products and services ber States in Eastern and Southern Africa Regions. (See Section 4.5.2). RCMRD • Encouraging data sharing and interop- provides GEO-Information and ICT prod- erability, fostering an integrated global ucts and services. data dissemination strategy, promoting advanced dissemination systems, sup- Contact Information porting data coding and metadata stan- dardization within the WMO Information Mr. Jörg Szarzynski system UN-SPIDER Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10 • Enhancing users’ capability to take ad- 53113 Bonn, Germany vantage of satellite applications Tel: +49 (0) 815 0677 • Supporting user information activities, Fax.: +49 (0)228 - 815 0699 training through the Virtual Laboratory, Skype: un-spider-bonn monitoring satellite data use by WMO Email: [email protected] Members

Mr. Michael Leitgab WMO Space programme contribute also to UNOOSA / UN-SPIDER E.R. 9: Enhanced capabilities of NMHSs in Wagramer Strasse 5 developing countries, particularly least devel- A-1400 Vienna, Austria oped countries, to fulfil their mandates Tel: +43 1 26060 4472 Fax: +43 1 26060 5830 Email: [email protected] 6.1.5 The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) UN-SPIDER The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the www.unspider.org United Nations (FAO) is a specialised agency E-mail: [email protected] of the UN family which was founded in 1945 and is leading the international efforts to 6.1.4 WMO (and the WMO Space Programme) against hanger. FAO's mandate is to raise levels of nutrition, improve agricultural pro- The WMO Space Programme coordinates ductivity, better the lives of rural populations environmental satellite matters and activities and contribute to the growth of the world throughout all WMO Programmes and pro- economy. It focuses special attention to de- vides guidance on the potential of remote- veloping rural areas which are home to 70% sensing techniques in meteorology, hydrology of the world’s poor and hungry people. and related disciplines and applications. FAO is composed of eight departments: Agri- It aims at continuously improving the provi- culture and Consumer Protection; Economic sion of data, products and services from op- and Social Development; Fisheries and Aqua- erational and R&D satellites contributing to culture; Forestry; Human, Financial and the Global Observing System (GOS), as well Physical Resources; Knowledge and Commu- as facilitating and promoting the wider avail- nication; Natural Resources Management and ability and meaningful use of these data, Environment and Technical Cooperation. products and services around the globe. FAO works in partnership with various institu- Space Programme activities are developed tions at all levels: private foundations, grass- around the following four cornerstones: roots organizations, companies, professional

ESPI Report 26 58 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

associations, other United Nations agencies, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Pakistan, Burkina national governments and more. Some part- Faso, Poland, Burundi, Republic of Korea, nerships operate at national level or in the Cameroon, Romania, Canada, Russian Fed- field, others are regional or global in nature. eration, Cape Verde, Saudi Arabia, Chile, FAO works in partnership with others on food Senegal, China, Somalia, Colombia, South security, natural resource management, for- Africa, Costa Rica, Sweden, Czech Republic, estry and fisheries, early warning of food Thailand, Democratic Republic of the Turkey, emergencies, disaster recovery, food safety, Democratic republic of the Congo, Tuvalu, bioenergy and many other areas. Even France, Uganda, Germany, United Kingdom though FAO does not have a specific space of Great Britain, Ghana, and Northern Ire- programme it uses satellite based information land, Haiti, United Republic of Tanzania, Hun- and applications to achieve its goals. gary, United States of America, India, Uru- guay Contact Information Contact Information Director-General Dr Jacques Diouf of Senegal Division Headquarters Regional Office for Africa Cristina Boelcke Maria Helena de Morais Semedo P.O. Box 30552 Regional Office for Africa Nairobi 00100, FAO Building Kenya Gamel Abdul Nasser Road Tel: +254 20 7623 727 Box GP 1628, Fax: +254 20 7624 270 Accra Email: [email protected] Ghana Regional Office for Africa (ROA) Tel. +233302675000 Sekou Toure Fax. +233302668427 P.O. Box 30552 Email: [email protected] Nairobi 00100, http://www.fao.org/Africa Kenya Tel: +254 20 7624 284 6.1.6 United Nations Environnent Programme Fax: +254 20 7623 928 (UNEP) E-mail: [email protected] The Unite Nations Environment Programme Liaison Office with the African Union (UNEP) with a mandate stemming from 1972 ECA New Building 4th Floor, is the UN’s designated entity for addressing No. 4NC4-4N13 environmental issues at global and regional P.O. Box 3001, levels. UNEP mandate is to coordinate the Addis Ababa, development of environmental policy consen- Ethiopia sus by keeping the global environment under Tel: +251 1 443 431 review and bringing emerging issues to the Fax: +251 1 521 633 attention of governments and the interna- Email: [email protected] tional community for action. UNEP’s global base in Nairobi, Kenya it is one of the only Liaison Office with the European Union two UN programmes that has its base in the 14 rue Montoyer, developing world the other one is HABITAT in 2nd floor B-1000 Brussels, Nairobi. Tel: +32 2 213 30 50 UNEP has five priority areas: environmental Fax: 32 2 213 30 51 assessment and early warning, development Email: [email protected] of policy instruments, enhanced coordination http://www.unep.org with environmental conventions, technology transfer, and support to Africa. Even though UNEP does not have a specific space pro- 6.1.7 World Food Programme gramme it uses satellite based information and applications to achieve its goals. The World Food Programme (WFP) is the world’s largest humanitarian agency which The member states of the UNEP are: Algeria, fights hunger around the world. It is part of Indonesia, Angola, Islamic Republic of Iran, the United Nations system working on a vol- Antigua and Barbuda, Israel, Argentina, Ja- untary basis for funding. It was created in pan, Australia, Kazakhstan, Austria, Kenya, 1962 with a vision of the world in which Bahamas, Kyrgyzstan, Bangladesh, Mexico, every man, woman and child has access at all Belgium, Monaco, Botswana, Morocco, Brazil, times to the food needed for an active and

ESPI Report 26 59 September 2010

healthy life. In order to achieve its targets programme of the UN system. It contributes WFP has a three year strategic plan 2008- to the UN system to reduce poverty and pro- 2011. mote sustainable development. The UN- HABITAT mandate is to promote socially and The use of space based information and ap- environmentally sustainable towns and cities plications can assist the work of WFP. It has with the goal of providing adequate shelter created networks of academic partnerships in for all. order to take advantage of the in science and technology. In particular satellite and radar In order to achieve sustainable urbanisation imagery and can provide WPF and its part- and inclusive urban development it focuses ners with valuable information regarding cli- on land and housing for all; participatory mate change, early warnings, disaster man- planning and governance; environmentally agement and emergency response. It can sound infrastructure and services; and inno- also provide information for food security. vative housing and urban finance. Even though UNEP does not have a specific space WFP works together with other sister organi- programme the use of satellite based infor- zations like FAO and the International Fund mation and applications would help to for Agriculture Development (IFAD) as well as achieve its goals. with other UN agencies, governments, NGO’s. UNHABITAT has various partnerships at all In Africa it works in the following countries: levels including Africa Algeria , Angola , Benin, Burkina Faso, Bu- rundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic Contact Information Of Congo, Republic Of Côte D'Ivoire, Djibouti Headquarters Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, UN-HABITAT Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia P.O. Box 30030, GPO, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mo- Nairobi, 00100, Kenya zambique, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé And Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone. Tel: (254-20) 7621234 (Operator)/ 7623120 (Information Services Section) Contact Information Tel: (254-20) 7623151/ 3153 (Media and Press Relations) Via C.G.Viola 68 Fax: (254-20) 7624266/ 7624267/ 7624264/ Parco dei Medici 7623477/ 624060 00148 - Rome - Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +39-06-65131 Regional Offices Fax: +39-06-6590632 Africa and the Arab States www.wfp.org UN-HABITAT Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States 6.1.8 The United Nations Human Settlements P.O. Box 30030, GPO, Programme (UN-HABITAT) Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Tel: (254-20) 7621234/7623221 The United Nations Human Settlements Pro- Fax: (254-20) 7623904/7623328 (Regional gramme (UN-HABITAT) is the UN agency for Office) 7624266/7 (Central Office) human settlements. It was established in 1978 and in 2002 the agencies mandates was http://www.unhabitat.org/ strengthened and it became a fully fledged

ESPI Report 26 60 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

7. Space Activities in Africa by African Countries and Non African Countries

Space activities in Africa can be divided into two categories: space activities carried out by 7.1.2 Ghana African countries and space activities remotely carried out in Africa by non-African Ghana as a member of the Africa Ministerial countries. Conference on Science and Technology (AMCOST) and Commission on Science and Technology (COMSAT), through the Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology in- 7.1 Space Activities Carried tends to collaborate with the African Regional Out By African Countries Center for Space Science and Technology Education (ARCSST) at Ile-Ife on capacity development, and with the National Space 7.1.1 Arab Republic of Egypt Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) in Abuja on capacity utilization. The Egyptian Space Agency, The National Authority for Space Science and Remote Specifically in the field of space, Ghana has Sensing, was established in 1994 to pursue, no agreement with any European country. transfer, and provide the most advanced However, the following are some information technology in the fields of remote sensing concerning Ghana and International Obliga- and peaceful application of space sciences, tions. For meeting International Obligations, and build the self-capability to utilize these Ghana has endorsed the agenda and goals of technologies to support national development COPUOS and UNISPACE III and is a state activities. party to the following treaties governing peaceful activities in outer space by signature Africa’s first satellite was launched by Egypt only: Outer Space Treaty of 1967; Resource on 28 April 1998. Nilesat 101, with a lifespan Agreement of 1968; and Liability Convention of 15 years, was manufactured by Matra Mar- of 1972. Additionally, it has ratified four of coni Space (Astrium) and launched by the the eleven UN Agreements, namely: Treaty European Space Agency from Kourou, French banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmos- Guiana. Similar to Nilesat 101, is Nilesat 102, phere, in outer space and underwater; except that it has an additional Receiving Agreement relating to the International Tele- Horn Antenna to receive up-linking from Lon- communications Satellite Organization; Con- don and Europe. Nilesat 102 was launched on vention on the International Mobile Satellite 17 August 2000, by the European Space Organization; and International Telecommu- Agency. nications Constitution and Convention. Ghana EUTELSAT’s Hotbird 4 was leased to the has not accepted to or is not part to Registra- Egyptian Nilesat Company in 2005 and re- tion Convention and Moon Agreement. named Nilesat 103. Nilesat 101, Nilesat 102 Ghana is in partnership with eight other Afri- and Nilesat 103 will provide Direct to Home can Countries to lead the continent’s bid to digital TV channels and data transmission. host the world’s largest telescope and other Egypt’s first scientific satellite EgyptSat-1 sub-stations in South Africa and the other was launched on 17 April 2007. EgyptSat-1 is countries. This has resulted into the African an Earth Remote Sensing Satellite. This satel- Square Kilometer Array Programme. The lite was built by Egypt's National Authority African Square Kilometer Array countries are together with the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in South Africa, Ghana, Botswana, Zambia, Ukraine. Mauritius, Madagascar, Kenya, and Namibia. As part of the activities being undertaken to A fifth Egyptian Satellite, Nilesat 201, built by increasing Africa’s chances of winning the Thales Alenia of France, will be launched by bid, partner countries are establishing Earth Ariane in May 2010. Satellite Station on each country. Through the SKA programme, Ghana is proposing to expand the human capacity of the country in the field of Astronomy and Astrophysics by instituting programmes in the Kwame

ESPI Report 26 61 September 2010

Nkrumah University of Science and Technol- centres in the country. Nigeria’s first satellite, ogy. NigeriaSat-1, built by Surrey Satellite Tech- nology Limited (SSLT), was launched on Sep- tember 27, 2003. NigeriaSat-1 is a remote 7.1.3 Kingdom of Morocco sensing satellite and is one of the satellites The Moroccan space agency, Centre Royal de that make up the Disaster Monitoring Con- Télédétection Spatiale (CRTS) was created by stellation. the government of Morocco to “promote, use Nigeria’s NIGCOMSAT-1 was built by the and develop Remote Sensing applications in China Great Wall Industry Corp. (CGWIC). Morocco.” Maroc-TUBSAT, Morocco’s first NIGCOMSAT-1 had a projected life span of 15 remote sensing satellite was launched on 10 years, however, in November 2008, NigCom- December 2001, as an international co- Sat-1 failed due to a technical error on the operation between CRTS Morocco and the satellite's northern solar array. A replacement Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik at TU for the satellite NigComSat-1R will be Berlin. It was launched by the Indian Space launched in 2011. Research Organization’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. 7.1.6 Republic of Algeria 7.1.4 Kenya Space activities in Algeria can be traced to 1965, when France used Algeria as a launch Kenya is involved in the African Resource and site. Space activities were suspended from environment Management satellite Constella- that period until 2002, when Algeria launched tion (ARMC) Initiative, which is a collabora- her first satellite. The Algerian Space Agency tion between the governments of Algeria, Agence Spatiale Algérienne (ASAL), was es- Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. Regarding tablished in 2003, and has as its objective bilateral cooperation, the government of designing and implementing the country’s Kenya and the government of Italy have an space programs, which must meet national agreement about the San Marco Launching needs (economic, social, and strategic) based and Tracking Station in Malindi, Kenya. The on all relevant institutions. Agreement is coming to an end at the end of 2010. Currently the two countries are en- Algeria’s first satellite ALSAT-1 was launched gaged in preparation and negotiations for the on 22 November 2002. ALSAT-1 was built by renewal of the Agreement which are in an Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSLT), advanced stage. United Kingdom, and forms part of the Disas- ter Monitoring Constellation (DMC). Furthermore, Kenya is involved in the following activities which require the use space In February 2006, four years after the launch based information and satellite applications: of ALSAT-1, the Algerian National Space Technology Centre signed an agreement with • Square Kilometre Array (SKA). EADS Astrium to help develop the ALSAT-2 • international radio telescope for the 21st program which has two satellites Alsat-2A century, and the San Marco Project, Ma- and Alsat-2B. There are also planned Alsat lindi, Kenya 1B, Alsat-3, Alsat-4 and Alcomsat-1satellites. • Tripartite Agreement21 between the Ital- ian Republic, Republic of Kenya and the Algeria is at 28º latitude North of the Equa- European Space Agency on the use of tor, and Longitude 3º 00´ east of Greenwich. the San Marco Launching and Tracking This makes it a good launch site. The city of Project in Malindi Hammaguira at Latitude: 31.0995. Longi- • African Regional Centre for Space Sci- tude: -2.8358 was used as an orbital launch ence and Technology Education in Eng- site for France’s nuclear weapons test and lish (ARCSSTEE (Nigeria) Reggane at Latitude: 26.7189. Longitude: • African Resource and environment Man- 0.2769 has also been used as a suborbital agement satellite Constellation (ARMC) launch site in the past. Tamanrassett, Algeria is an emergency landing site for space shut- tles. 7.1.5 Nigeria The Nigerian space agency was established in 7.1.7 Republic of South Africa 1999 for the purpose of establishing a fundamental policy for the development of space South Africa was the first country in Africa to science and technology and to establish and carry out any space related activity; this was coordinate the activities of space research with the establishment of the Royal Observa- tory at the Cape of Good Hope. Between that 21 time and now, South Africa’s activities in To note that this Tripartite Agreement has not yet been implemented astronomy include the Southern African Large

ESPI Report 26 62 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Telescope (SALT), the largest optical tele- resources to provide satellite communications scope in the Southern Hemisphere; participa- for the African continent. tion in the High Energy Stereoscopic System DICT is the Government Department respon- (HESS), a gamma ray telescope, in sible for the Government’s space programme. neighbouring Namibia; and bidding for the In addition, the President formed a special Square Kilometre Array, destined to be the task force to also explore space resources biggest radio astronomical telescope. and this was chaired by the Secretary of In 1999, South Africa launched her first satel- State. There were only 2 meetings held. lite, SUNSAT, built by staff and students of There was no written policy but the core ob- the University of Stellenbosch. SUNSAT had a jectives of the SEYSAT were to: 2-year life span. Ten years later, on Septem- • Provide Seychelles with reliable, robust ber 17 2009, South Africa’s second satellite and sustainable satellite telecommunica- SumbandilaSat was launched. SumbandilaSat tions services. is a remote sensing satellite. • Commercialise the satellite orbital slots The South African Astronomical Observatory and the space/spectrum resources regis- was established in 1820, and it “conducts tered with the ITU. fundamental research in astronomy and as- Seychelles benefits from several agreements trophysics by providing a world-class facility in respect to meteorological data. For exam- and by promoting astronomy and astrophys- ple Seychelles being a signatory to the World ics in Southern Africa.”22 Meteorological Organisation (WMO) allows In addition to this, there is also the Harte- the Seychelles Meteorological Office to ex- beesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, change meteorological data obtained by sat- which was originally built by the National ellite with many other countries that are Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) members of the WMO. The Seychelles Mete- in 1961 as a station that would track U.S. orological Office has an agreement for the unmanned space probes. Today, the centre exchange of meteorological data via satellite has a radio telescope that can detect radio with South Africa. The Seychelles Meteoro- waves emitted by many different kinds of logical Office has been trying to get a similar objects in the sky. There is also the High agreement with the Indian Meteorological Energy Stereoscopic System, which consists Department (IMD) but this has not been of an array of four telescopes that can detect forthcoming. the light produced by gamma rays entering Seychelles benefits from the Pan African e- the atmosphere. Finally, there is the Friends Network project funded by the Indian Gov- of Boyden Observatory, which operates a ernment but managed under the auspices of unique science communication program for the African Union (AU). The Pan African e- the public and schools. Network consists of the Learning Centre, a The Centre for Scientific and Industrial Re- Tele-Medicine facility and a VVIP node. The search (CSIR) provides “tracking, telemetry latter allows the 53 African Heads of States to and command (TT&C) services for geo- have real-time video consultations with each synchronous and polar orbiting spacecraft to other at no cost using VOIP over satellite. the manufacturers, operators and users of The Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) has satellites and launch vehicles.”23 an agreement with Mozambique for the pro- Hoedspruit, South Africa, is a location for vision of the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) emergency landing during shuttle launches. for their vessels. Basically, SFA relays all the data for the vessels carrying the Mozambique 7.1.8 Seychelles flag. The same type of agreement the Seychelles Seychelles has since 1988 launched a geosta- Meteorological Office has with South Africa, tionary satellite project called SEYSAT to fulfil they also have one with France (via La Reun- its own satellite communications require- ion) for the sharing of meteorological data ments. As such, Seychelles did not join obtained by satellite. There is also an RASCOM like the other 43 African countries agreement with the European Meteorological have done. RASCOM is a consortium of 43 Satellite (EUMETSAT) for the same reason African states. They have pooled their space with EU States. However, it should be noted that DICT on behalf of Seychelles has signed an MOU with 22 South Africa Astronomical Observatory Home Page the Korean Aerospace Research Institute http://www.saao.ac.za/ (KARI) for the purpose of HR capacity devel- 23 Overview: CSIR Satellite Application Center (online) available at http://www.csir.co.za/SAC/index.html ac- opment in the area of satellite network coor- cessed on 27 September 2009. dination and related areas. Seychelles was

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also interested in having access to pictures Tunisia is a member of a number of regional obtained from the South Korean Low Earth organisations which are active in the field of Orbit (LEO) satellite, as that would be useful space. These are: in the monitoring of Seychelles Exclusive CRTEAN, the North African States Regional Economic zone (EEZ). If pictures of activity Centre of Remote Sensing, which has its in the EEZ can be obtained in Pseudo-real headquarters in Tunisia and whose board of time mode, then this would be an effective directors was chaired by Tunisia; tool to fight against high seas piracy. Fur- thermore, Seychelles was also going to • OACT, the African Organization of Car- benefit from the Indian Government with the tography and Remote Censing, whose launching of a very small (micro) multipur- board of directors is chaired by Tunisia. pose/remote sensing satellite system. • the regional center of science and space techniques teaching for French speaking Currently, Seychelles, is exploring the setting Africa. up of a satellite tracking facility in collabora- • the Ligue of the remote sensing centres tion with the University of Rome but this is in the Arab world, whose headquarters still premature. are in Lybia. Through the Pan African e-Network Project • ARABSAT by hosting a secondary moni- Seychelles benefits from free education from toring station of its satellites. several leading universities in India. Additionally, through its scientific institutions, At this juncture, it must be clearly explained Tunisia has a regional activity, such as the that Seychelles, similar to many African Association of Tunisian Young Scientists countries have been stuck with satellite (AJST) which created in 1974 with the objec- communications, which comes at a premium tive to promote and develop scientific spirit cost (around $3000 per month for 1 MBPS and techniques among young people. This Internet link), while the rest of the developed association became a member of the Arab world have been receiving cheaper communi- Union of spatial science and astronomy in cations solutions/Internet at a fraction of a 1998. The AJST, which comprises more than cost. In addition, while developed nations 20 scientific clubs (Space, Astronomy, Ecol- have enjoyed new satellite technology that ogy, Computer science, Electronic, Robotic, make use of extremely small dishes (50cm), Energy, etc) organizes aerospace activities Seychelles and most African countries have for young people (aged 10 to 25). Those ac- no coverage of such technology and have to tivities include launching micro rockets, mini use large dishes which have always been an rockets, experimental rockets and sounding eye sore in our beautiful country. In Sey- balloons as well as sky observation as an chelles all telecommunications service pro- initiation to astronomy. viders (and most banks) make use of a VSAT Furthermore, the National Centre for Cartog- (earth station) to link up a satellite for inter- raphy and Remote Sensing (the national national connectivity. Now that African na- structure for the use and exploitation of tions have submarine fibre optic cable at their space data) has a close relationship with doorsteps, the satellite business will face various European space agencies for cooper- major market forces. Seychelles will shortly ating in activates in the field of space. These have a submarine fibre optic connection to are the European Space Agency (ESA), the the rest of the world but there will always be German space agency DLR, the French space a need for satellite communications to link agency CNES and IRD, and the Spanish the outer islands with communications ser- INFOCARTO. vices. 7.1.9 Tunisia 7.2 Space Activities Remotely Tunisia has established agreements with a Carried Out In Africa by number of African countries, especially member states of regional organisations of which Non African Countries Tunisia is also a member. These agreements include partnerships in the field of research Kenya hosts the Regional Centre for Services and technology transfer and in particular in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing projects concerning the use and exploitation for Eastern and Central Africa, and the Re- of space data and information in various gional Centre for Space Science for Meteorol- fields of applications. In these countries there ogy Services. Located in Kenya is also the are organisations of particular interest with San Macro Platform, developed by National which cooperation’s is fostered. These are Aeronautics and the Ricerche Aerospaziali, as CNTS of Algeria, CRTS of Morocco, LCRSSS of a launch pad for Italian spacecraft. The Euro- Libya and NARSS of Egypt.

ESPI Report 26 64 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

pean Space Agency also has a ground track- between France and Algeria ing station in Malindi, Kenya. (2006). Implemented by the Dakar, the capital of Senegal was used as a National Centre for Space Stud- site for transatlantic emergency landing, but ies (CNES) and the Algerian had to be shut down for fear of terrorist at- Space Agency (ASAL). Three tacks. themes of cooperation: a) Tele- medicine and tele-epidemiology; The Yundum Airport, Banjul, The Gambia, has b) Hyper-Spectral space tech- facilities to support shuttle augmented land- nologies; c) reduction of seismic ing during launch especially for launches into vulnerability. the low inclination orbit. Amilcar Cabral, Cape Verde, is an emergency Table 1: European Member States- African Counties Agreements launch site for shuttle launches. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion (NASA) also has a tracking station in 7.3.1 Belgium Cape Verde. Through its membership of ESA, Belgium and The Roberts International Airport (Monrovia), the company Newtec are participating in the Liberia, is an emergency landing site for shut- building of the first ever eLearning pilot plat- tle launches. The Liberian civil war made use form on effective electoral assistance and of the emergency landing site unsafe. electoral administration in the Democratic Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of Republic of Congo (DRC). This project is Congo, is also an emergency landing site for called "SatElections" and other partners in- shuttle launches. Political instability in DRC clude Openet Technologies (I), SES Astra (L), has made the use of this landing site unsafe. ESA, UNDP, as well as the Independent Elec- toral Commission of the DRC. Via a cooperation agreement with the UNESCO-World Heri- tage Centre, Belgium also financed the 7.3 European Member States SYGIAP Project and developed, in close cooperation with the Institut Congolais pour la Activities Conservation de la Nature, a cost-efficient system allowing to map and monitor, by us- Many European states have direct coopera- ing satellite imagery, the 5 natural World tion agreements or memorandums and are Heritage sites and their buffer zones, as a funding projects directly with various African basic decision supporting tool for improved countries. This cooperation is without the site management with respect to nature con- involvement of the United Nations, the Euro- servation and sustainable development in the pean Union or any other intergovernmental DRC. organisation residing in Europe. In Table 1 the cooperation agreements between Euro- Although Belgium does not have any bilateral pean states and African countries can be agreement with an African country, many seen. In the following subsections the activi- Belgian partners, such as institutes, universities of different European states will be de- ties, government and even commercial com- scribed. panies are involved in cooperative projects with African partners. A lot of these projects Country Agreement with African Coun- are conducted through EU, ESA, and tries/Agencies EUMETSAT. Some examples are the Global Monitoring for Food Security, VGT4-Africa, Germany German Aerospace Center DLR and DevCoCast. But also via the French – signed framework agreement Belgian SPOT-VEGETATION programme and with CSIR of South Africa (1995) the national STEREO-programme cooperative Italy Government of Kenya and Gov- projects are executed in the domain of Earth ernment of Italy (1964). Observation. Agreement at San Marko Ma- lindi, Kenya (1995, renewed 2010) on satellite tracking and 7.3.2 France launching station. 1) French space agreements in Africa United MOU British National Space Cen- Kingdom ter (BNSC) (since April 2010 UK a) Intergovernmental agreement with Algeria Space Agency) and the Algerian Space Agency (ASAL) (2006) An intergovernmental agreement between France and Algeria was signed on 1 February France Intergovernmental agreement 2006, which was implemented by the Na-

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tional Centre for Space Studies (CNES) and jects led by CNES in Mali since 2008 and in the Algerian Space Agency (ASAL). It aims to Benin since 2009, which are financed by the support and promote the scientific, technical, Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National industrial and commercial cooperation be- Identity and Solidarity Development tween the two states in the study and use of (MIIINDS). outer space for peaceful ends. These projects could be extended to other Three themes of cooperation were identified French speaking nations. and will give rise to projects: • Telemedecine and tele-epidemology to 3) The development of African competencies in enable Algerian health public services to teledetection benefit from French knowledge; France is involved, via CNES, in the GEO-Net- • Hyper-spectral space technologies to CaB project. Supported by the European know the environment better; Commission since November 2009, this pro- • Reduction of seismic vulnerability thanks ject integrates South Africa and the Regional to space data; African Centre of Space Sciences and Tech- Two mixed committee meetings took place in nologies in French Language (CRASTE-LF) as April 2006 and February 2009. Also, the non-European partners. It will advance French Embassy of Algiers supports the train- knowledge of the status of the needs and ing of Algerian students incurriculae in the programmes on earth observation and will space sector. conduct a sensitising campaign on using these data and services for improving the b) Discussions with South Africa adaptation capacity of nations facing climate change. Since 2005, France, via CNES, has regularly Furthermore, France participates in the SEAS met governmental actors from South Africa. Indian Ocean project that has established a In early 2010, cooperation in the domain of satellite receiving station on the island of oceanography was discussed more thor- Réunion for the development of regional co- oughly with the new South African National operation in terms of expertise and use of Space Agency (SANSA). Ocean observation teledetection. The targeted nations are the from geostationary orbit is in fact a topic that members of the Indian Ocean Commission could lead to a joint mission, as France and and in particular Madagascar, whose national South Africa are on the same longitudes. committee of teledetection benefits from Cooperation in the telemedicine sector is also French expertise and financial support. under study. France also supports a regional Masters pro- Additionally, the French Embassy in Pretoria gramme “Teledetection and Natural Risks” was closely involved with the Franco-South- co-organised by the universities of the Reun- African Institute of Technology, the F’SATI, ion and of Antananarivo that should com- which welcomed its first students of space mence in October 2010. science in January 2009. 4) The use of space for analysis of deforesta- 2) The development of space applications for tion in tropical forests. health in Africa In December 2007,the UN Climate Change In the framework of these activities of socie- Convention in Bali decided to launch a proc- tal applications, in the area of development ess of awareness of the reduction of green- for health, France, through actions led by house gas emissions related to deforestation. CNES, is supporting the development of sur- For the nations of the Congo basin, this is veillance and early alert systems for emerg- about being able to actively participate in ing or re-emerging diseases in Africa, with a future negotiation mechanisms on climate ‘tele-epidemiology’ approach. change by producing the necessary information including national policies, measures and In concrete terms, the sanitary authorities of actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gases Senegal will validate an early alert system for linked to deforestation and the degradation of the Rift Valley fever. This same approach is forests. deployed in Burkina Faso to fight malaria and in some Mediterranean and North African In this framework, the GEO Forest Carbon countries to follow Vibrio diseases linked to Tracking Task (GEO FCT) has the specific aim the quality of coastal waters. of establishing a worldwide monitoring mechanism, in close partnership with gov- With respect to the area of sanitation, which ernments, space agencies, scientific commu- groups telemedicine and tele-education ac- nities, the private sector and the relevant tivities, France has been involved in two pro- United Nations agencies. France participates

ESPI Report 26 66 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

in this international initiative by encouraging training activities have been performed the Congo basin nations to adhere to the GEO together with the Namibian Ministry of and by helping them insert themselves in this Agriculture, Water and Forestry. plan to contribute. Gabon should shortly join • In the field of Data and Information GEO. Management Systems (DIMS) an opera- At the Copenhagen summit, France commit- tional system has been installed at the ted itself to further financing the provision of CSIR Satellite Application Center (South SPOT satellite imagery for the monitoring of Africa). the Congo basin until 1025. The CNES par- • With various universities and the South ticipates in the implementation of this com- African National Biodiversity Institute mitment, with numerous other French part- (SANBI) in the context of biodiversity re- ners. search. The SEAS Gabon project, resulting from a • Currently a project proposal is being partnership between France and Brazil, pro- elaborated on a „Namibia Trans- vides a satellite reception antenna in Gabon, boundary Flood-Disease Monitoring and associated with a centre of expertise in tele- Mitigation System – An International detection for cartography and forest monitor- SensorWeb Pilot Project“ in cooperation ing, as well as the establishment of environ- with UN-SPIDER, NASA/NOAA and other mental observatories. CNES has brought its partners. expertise to the preliminary study of the implementation of this station. Furthermore, a project proposal is being developed in accordance with BMBF to establish Finally, since 2007 France has been associ- Regional Science Service Centers in Southern ated with the “Open Initiative on the use of Africa. Remote sensing components include space technologies to support the World Heri- Earth observation (EO) data processing tage Convention”, conducted by UNESCO. In (thematic products) and service provision, this context, CNES has made an inventory, data management and archiving, EO applica- with IRD, of forest heritage sites in Latin tions for wet lands, extreme events, water America and Africa, from space data. Today management and satellite based crisis infor- Madagascar is the privileged partner of mation. Section 2.1 above has more informa- France and Africa on this topic. tion concerning the establishment of Regional Centers of Excellence in Africa. 7.3.3 Germany SAMUM (until 2008) The use of space technology in German- African research projects is still largely lim- The first phase of SAMUM (Saharan Mineral ited to remote sensing applications and the Dust Experiment) was dedicated to the un- subsequent use of Earth observation (EO) derstanding of radiative effects in the source data. On the other hand, EO data is now region. A first joint field campaign took place widely used to various extent in many re- at Ouarzazate and Zagora, Morocco in Au- search projects from biology, geography or gust/September 2005 to create the experi- agriculture to urban planning, without neces- mental data set of surface and atmospheric sarily making such projects pure “space pro- columnar information. This data set will projects”. In this sense, such a list of projects vide the base of the first thorough columnar can not be considered complete or authorita- radiative closure tests in Saharan dust. By tive, but it gives good examples of the bene- the end of the first phase of SAMUM (end of fits of space-based research for African citi- 2006) regional radiative forcing and updated zens and societies. global estimates of climate effects of Saharan dust were provided. The second phase will Projects at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) quantify for the first time the radiative effects of the mixed plume of Saharan dust and bio- DLR – German Remote Sensing Data Center – mass burning aerosols as it leaves the source various projects region. For the characterization of the mixed plume a second joint experiment was envi- There is close cooperation with different insti- sioned on Sal, Cape Verde in spring 2007. As tutions in Southern Africa: in the source region, closure efforts will be made in the complex aerosol mixture of the • In the field of disaster management with polluted dust plume. The feedback between Namibia, this includes emergency map- diabatic processes and atmospheric dynamics ping provided by DLR’s Center for Satel- will require major modelling efforts. The sec- lite Based Crisis Information after the ond phase of the SAMUM field campaigns floods in northern Namibia in 2008 and started on 10 January 2008. The main objec- 2009. Moreover, capacity building and tive of the measurements was the characteri-

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zation of aged mineral dust. Therefore, after o Modelling and observation of Sahara the first campaign in Morocco, the Islands of dust transport, modification and ra- Cape Verde were selected as a measurement diative impact site. It is expected that a mixture of mineral • Institute of Applied Geosciences, Techni- dust, biomass burning aerosols and marine cal University of Darmstadt aerosols could be observed. The remote sensing instruments of the MIM include two o Physicochemical parameters of mixed lidar systems, a sun- and skyphotometer, a mineral, biomass burning and marine microtops-instrument for ozone columnar aerosols concentration and a UV-radiometer. The experiment ended on 15 February, 2008. At the • Institute for Remote Sensing, University end of SAMUM a realistic description of dust of Bremen related aerosol processes and feedbacks will • Laboratoire de Physique de be provided with which global scale dust l`Atmosphère, Département de Phy- modelling will be improved. sique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco The SAMUM Consortium • IFM-GEOMAR, University of Kiel • Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Flight operations (Partenavia) and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und o technical support Raumfahrt (DLR) • enviscope GmbH, Frankfurt am Main o Airborne in situ and remote sensing studies on the vertical and areal dis- Further Cooperation: tribution of microphysical and optical properties of Saharan dust MISR-Satellite-Team (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), Jet Propulsion Labora- • Applied Remote Sensing Cluster, tory (NASA), California Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Study: Quantitative and robust discharge of soil o Longwave Radiative Effects of Saha- parameters from hyper-spectral remote ran Dust and the Impact of Particle sensing data Shape The South African "Thicket Biome" with its o Modelling and observation of Sahara dense bush vegetation stores in pristine con- dust transport, modification and ra- dition very large amounts of carbon for a diative impact semi-arid region. Currently the region is subject to a fundamental change from dense • Leibniz-Institute for Troposheric Re- bush to an open savannah-like system that is search Leipzig (IfT) triggered in particular by overgrazing by o Modelling and observation of Sahara goats and is reflected in addition in the deg- dust transport, modification and ra- radation of vegetation including reduction of diative impact soil fertility. Local institutions working on the reforestation of the biome are interested in o Multiwavelength lidar profiling of Sa- the quantification of above and belowground haran-dust/biomass-burning aerosol carbon storage. In this context, the most layers over the Cape Verde Islands important physical parameters of the soil o Optical properties of mixed mineral, (organic carbon, iron, clay) are being derived biomass burning and marine aerosols and quantified using hyperspectral remote at dry and ambient conditions sensing. • Meteorological Institute, University of Cooperation: Munich Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt o Multiwavelength LIDAR profiling of – German Center of Applied Remote Sensing Saharan-dust/biomass-burning aerosol layers over the Cape Verde Islands Living Lands Foundation – Presence Network, South Africa • Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Uni- versity of Mainz University of Stellenbosch, Department of Soil Science, South Africa o Longwave Radiative Effects of Saha- ran Dust and the Impact of Particle Shape

ESPI Report 26 68 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

and scope the RSSC from a national point of Bilateral Agreements view. Country: South Africa To this end the BMBF is going to invest 5.1 million EUR in the next two years. The in- Partners: BMBF – Federal Ministry of vestment for the further build-up phase may Education and Research, later be up to 100 million EUR. The key ques- Department of Arts, Culture, tion of this research cooperation is how agri- Science and Technology, RSA culture can adapt to the increasing water Type of Contract scarcity. Another central issue for researchers Agreement: is how people can better protect themselves against floods. Purpose: Cooperation in the fields of science, research and tech- The Center for Development Research, Uni- nology versity of Bonn, directs currently the construction of one of the two regional Centers Signed on: 12.06.1996 supported by the BMBF – the “WASCAL” Country: South Africa (West African Science Service Center on Cli- mate and Adapted Land Use) in Ouagadou- Partners: DLR, CSIR gou, Burkina Faso. The aim is to collect, store and analyze the data gathered by African and Type of Framework Agreement international researchers on climate change Agreement: and land use. The second Center will be built Purpose: in South Africa. Signed on: 27.07.1995 German University in Cairo

The German University in Cairo (GUC) is one The German Aerospace Center DLR signed of the largest single projects within the Fed- the Framework Agreement with CSIR of eral Government's programme to export South Africa in 1995, which has been used German study programmes to other coun- since then as a basis for different forms of tries. The GUC is of exceptional political im- cooperation. portance and is a reflection of the out- standing collaboration between the two coun- Initiatives of the Federal Ministry for Education tries. The most recent development was the and Research (BMBF) introduction of new subject priorities. Establishment of Regional Centers of Excellence Key areas of cooperation in Africa The current priority topics with potential rele- The Federal Ministry for Education and Re- vance for space research and technology are search (BMBF) together with partners from materials research, environmental research Southern and West Africa has established a and climate research. Further areas of coop- new initiative called “Climate Change and eration are physical and chemical technolo- adapted land management in Southern Af- gies, biotechnology, aquaculture and health rica”. A key element of this initiative is to set research. The so-called Lake Nasser Project is up regional Centers of excellence (Regional a thematically wide-ranging and extensive Science Service Centers) as a long-term Afri- project of scientific and technological coop- can research infrastructure. The RSSC is an eration (STC) with Egypt. Its aim is to find initiative of the BMBF, in cooperation espe- ecologically acceptable ways of developing cially with South Africa, Namibia, Angola, new settlement and economic areas for ap- Zambia and Botswana. The RSSC will focus proximately 1.5 million people in the region on three thematic areas: climate change, of the Aswan dam. The project is to be con- water and land management. The initiative tinued under the future BMBF funding priority consists of: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). • a research programme • a capacity development programme Biodiversity Monitoring Transect Analysis in Af- • a regional advisory and information service. rica (BIOTA Africa) A series of workshops is planned to prepare The Remote Sensing Unit deals with local and the RSSC initiative. There will be workshops regional model generation of land cover dis- in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa tribution for further analysis in the BIOTA and Zambia. These mainly serve to discuss project. Besides land cover and land use mapping over a wide area, current research

ESPI Report 26 69 September 2010

is targeted at a new spectral unmixing ap- BIOTA East Africa proach for more precise land cover detection. Through this, more sensitive temporal change The BIOTA East Africa consortium works in detection and more accurate estimation of the third funding phase for the completion of species distribution dependence on specific its mission, which received a sharper profile land cover types is possible. Further research during phase II. Especially during the past topics are modelling regional biomes distribu- two years, all efforts have focused on five tion for conclusions about species occurrence, overarching themes with their well-defined and analysing fire patterns in Western Africa deliverables. All work packages contributed to this goal and adapted their programs to • Scientific support for sustainable use and achieve BIOTA East Africa's objectives. conservation of biodiversity in Africa. • Monitoring and assessment of biodiver- • A continental observation network in Af- sity in space and time rica, contributing to GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems). • Understanding natural processes of change • A network for observing land degradation and for developing measures to combat • Understanding human use, value and desertification in Africa. impact in space and time • A network for capacity development and • Recommendations and measures for sus- rural development in Africa. tainable use of biodiversity • Capacity building and information policy Core Participants at local, national, and international levels Austria , Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, • Cross-cutting Themes Finland , Germany, Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, The Netherlands, BIOTA Southern Africa Uganda . BIOTA Southern Africa decided to develop a BIOTA-West Africa structure that will support the integrated generation of user-oriented products. The BIOTA-West24 is an interdisciplinary cross- new structure consists of 28 work packages national subproject of the project network funded by BMBF and 11 projects funded by BIOTA AFRICA. Therein, German and West the DS&T. Each of the work packages inte- African partners are engaged in close collabo- grates various disciplinary and interdiscipli- ration in biodiversity research in the Ivory nary activities, always defined by one or sev- Coast, Burkina Faso and Benin. The goal is to eral joint products, generated for one or sev- identify processes leading to a species de- eral specific users. Strong interest in various crease and to develop methods for their con- products has been expressed explicitly in servation. Building up a continental monitor- letters of support. ing network of African biodiversity and land Existing structures based on individual disci- degradation will deliver to decision makers plines will be maintained where appropriate, scientifically established and socioeconomic however, the project structure reflects the basics for efficient and sustained environ- product-oriented approach. mental management. • Drivers of change • The contemporary status of biodiversity • Monitoring of Change in West Africa and concepts for its sus- • Land use, Impact and Value tainable conservation • Process Analysis • Land use changes: agriculture and resto- • Interventions and Restoration ration25 • Transformation and Capacity Develop- ment • Tools and products for decision making 26 and practical application BIOTA Morocco • Capacity building27 BIOTA Maroc was set up to use the biodiversity monitoring results to create suitable tools for sustainable land use and resource management under changing environmental and 24 For further information see www.biota-africa.org 25 http://www.biota- socio-economic conditions. In selected mu- africa.org/West_Phase3_WP.php?subcode1=0&maincode =B 26 http://www.biota- 27

ESPI Report 26 70 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

nicipalities, we will initiate pilot projects for (BIOLOG) in Africa. It started in 2001, with which, together with our Moroccan partners, the establishment of personnel and infra- it will develop adequate intervention schemes structural foundations in Kinshasa and Sa- and knowledge transfer formats for participa- longa National Park. Since 2002, the field site tive resource planning processes at the com- LuiKotal, in the southwest of Salonga Na- munal level. tional Park, has been operating continuously. Local communities shall be enabled to integrate external scientific information and in- 7.3.4 Italy digenous system knowledge about resource availability and fragility in modern planning Under the terms of several Agreements be- processes and management concepts, in or- tween the Government of Kenya and the der to strengthen their collective identity. In Government of Italy, (the first of them con- the long run, an enhanced capacity for auto- cluded in 1964), Italy is present in Malindi, in determined local resource management the location where the San Marco Base has seems the best way of optimising ecosystem been set up. services and of initiating endogenous devel- The Agreement under which the cooperation opment processes that help to conserve the is undertaken at present is the “Agreement fragile environment of arid mountain ecosys- between the Government of the Republic of tems. Kenya and the Government of the Republic of Italy concerning the Satellite Tracking and BIOLOG Africa: BIOTA Congo Project Launching Station at the San Marco Malindi, Kenya”, signed in Nairobi on 14 March 1995. The Cuvette Centrale is a reservoir of medici- The Agreement has been renewed until 31 nal plants. In 1999, the Ministry for Education December 2010 and is currently under re- and Research (BMBF) invited project applica- negotiation. Under Italian Law Decree tions for a new interdisciplinary program with 128/03, the responsibility of managing the focus on biodiversity and global change

ESPI Report 26 71 September 2010

base has been entrusted to the Italian Space In the frame of the Inter-governmental Agency (ASI) since 1 January 2004. Previ- Agreement, education programmes are also ously, that responsibility accrued to the Uni- provided for. ASI supports the technical edu- versity of Rome “La Sapienza”, through the cation and professional training of Kenyan CRSPM (Centro Ricerche Progetto San students. Scholarships have been offered by Marco). the Italian Government to Kenyan researchers for PhDs in Italian Universities, comple- The location of the San Marco Base, which mented with a one year traineeship in Italian has been recently re-named “Luigi Broglio - space industries and/or research Centers. Space Center (BSC)”, on the Indian Ocean is ideal to launch and support equatorial satel- The Remote Sensing stations are currently on lites, provide TT&C activities and acquire stand-by in the acquisition of Earth observa- Earth Observation (EO) data over the Central tion satellites data, but considering the im- and Eastern Africa region. portant role that space applications may play in that area, the Joint Steering Committee set The “Broglio Space Center (BSC)” is divided up for the management of the bilateral Ital- into two main segments: ian-Kenyan Agreement has appointed a joint • the Sea Segment, consisting of 5 off- Working Group with the task of producing a shore platforms for the rocket launch ac- Feasibility Study for the realization of a Re- tivities (activity suspended); gional Center for Earth Observation in Kenya. The study foresees a distributed facility: ac- • the Land Segment, known as Base quisition, pre-processing, archiving and cata- Camp, covering an area of about 3.5 loguing would take place at the BSC in Ma- hectares. It contains a TT&C Complex, lindi; processing, specific products generation with two ground stations that provide and distribution to users would take place in real time acquisition, recording, and Nairobi. transmission of satellite data, and a Re- mote Sensing Center, dedicated to Earth In the new draft Agreement between the Observation satellite data acquisition and Government of the Republic of Kenya and the processing; it also includes a geophysical Government of the Italian Republic currently facility. under negotiation, there is a specific mention of the two main European space applications The space activities are currently concen- programmes, in particular: trated in the two Ground Stations of the land Segment and both are currently active in: 1) 1. The Lisbon Declaration on Global the TT&C and acquisition of the scientific data Monitoring for Environment and Se- of the NASA SWIFT and the ASI AGILE astro- curity (GMES) and Africa, dated 7 physics satellite missions; 2) tracking from December 2007, and the Maputo and hosting support at Malindi for ESA and Declaration, of 15 October 2006, both CNES, (tracking support to the satellites recognizing the important role that launched by the Ariane launchers, carried out Earth Observation Services play in from the Center Spatial Guyanese in Kourou; the sustainable development and se- in the future, these services will be extended curity of Africa; also to the Soyuz and Vega launches). Coop- 2. The participation of the Government eration activities with ESA are undertaken of the Italian Republic in the Galileo pursuant to a tripartite Agreement among Program and the important benefits ESA, the Government of the Kenya Republic that may accrue from this program to and the Government of the Italian Republic, African Countries. signed in 1995, which is going to be extended and amended to take into account the new Moreover, since August 2008, ASI has started services that will be provided from the BSC. to study the possibility of launching strato- The BSC has provided support to the Chinese spheric balloons and sounding rockets from human missions Shenzou. the Broglio Space Center. The Broglio Space Center also hosts experi- Furthermore, ASI has recently negotiated mental receiving antenna for the GALILEO with the Egyptian National Authority for Re- constellation installed at the request of ESA, mote Sensing and Science (NARSS) a Memo- which are devoted to testing the reception of randum of Understanding for collaboration in the navigation message transmitted by the the field of Earth Observation, Space Applica- first two satellites of the constellation: Giove- tions and Technologies, which is expected to A and Giove-B. The data collected are then be signed in the forthcoming months. relayed to the European Space Operation Center (ESOC) in Darmstadt (Germany) for analysis. An ESA service for a geodetic GPS receiver is also in operation.

ESPI Report 26 72 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

7.3.5 Netherlands gramme (Earth Observation Market Devel- opment), which is devoted to fostering the The Netherlands has no bilateral agreement usage of geoinformation products and ser- with any African country or space agency. vices within new markets and sectors. The The Dutch consultancy bureaus and value aim of the GAZELLE PLAN is to analyse the adders have a large number of cooperative current situation of the EO sector in this re- projects with African parties, both national gion in order to draw a Strategic Plan to steer and via ESA, EU, UN etc., some also on a activities during the following 5 years. The private commercial basis. Some well-known study includes a market characterization sup- examples are WACMOS and TIGER projects ported by the execution of mini-projects (or via ESA, the PUMA/AMESD projects via the service trials) in different countries involving EU, UN projects like RiskView and Agromet- local stakeholders and European & Canadian Shell, several Water projects and the FESA companies, and a final action plan reflecting Food project. Next to that the well known ITC the recommendations for the future. University Faculty at Enschede has educated and trained several thousands of African stu- Furthermore, there is some Spanish space dents in geo-informatics and Earth sciences companies working in consortiums that de- in the past decades. velop international activities with Africa based on space technologies. The projects are listed 7.3.6 Switzerland below. Switzerland does not have any specific Projects Based on Navigation agreements with African partners in the SIRAJ space sector. The numerous bilateral agreements of scientific and technical cooperation In the context of the 7º Frame Programme, with African partners could, however, include three Spanish companies are taking part in some projects in the space sector. As Swit- the SIRAJ consortium (Pildo Labs as coordi- zerland does not have a national space pro- nator, and Navya Solutions and SENASA as gramme it conducts the majority of its space partners). SIRAJ (SBAS28 Implementation in activities through ESA. the regions of ACAC and ASECNA), is a project recently approved in the 7th FP 2nd In terms of partnerships or projects in Africa GALILEO Call Theme Transport (including making use of space applications, there is a Aeronautics) under the International Activi- certain number of them whose nature, loca- ties & EGNOS Service Extension. The project tion, concerned actors, and origin of spatial duration will take 18 months. data are very varied. An example is the establishment in east Chad of a hydrogeological The main objective of SIRAJ is to perform geographical information system by Swiss concrete actions in support of the EGNOS specialists seconded at UNHCR and at service extension into areas covered by the UNITAR/UNOSAT. There are also other pro- Arab Civil Aviation Commission (ACAC) and jects in the Horn of Africa involving Swiss the Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation academic centres in cooperation with local aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar entities and often international agencies, (ASECNA). aiming at the realisation of data banks, nota- The activity aims at promoting and demon- bly ‘mapping’ using satellite imagery (either strating the benefits to a critical sector such commercial or through other channels). as civil aviation in a real environment and also attacking the necessary actions to de- 7.3.7 Spain velop a suitable framework towards regional EGNOS service extension with a direct strat- Spain has no direct cooperation agreements egy. between Africa and Spain in the field of space. Indirectly, this cooperation is chan- It implies formulating the main guidelines nelled through the ESA programmes in which and recommendations for a possible Euro- Spain participates, particularly in the case of ACAC Global Navigation Satellite System in the GMES programme and specifically order to evaluate a potential investment in through the GMES and Africa Action Plan. EGNOS Service Extension in the ACAC and Furthermore, the European Space Agency ASECNA regions. SIRAJ intends to: (ESA) has contracted Indri, a Spanish com- • Achieve a definitive action regional plan pany, which works in remote sensing systems focusing on involving the major players and applications, to conduct a characteriza- in the process. tion study of Mediterranean Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia) on Earth Observation (EO) sector. This project, named GAZELLE PLAN, belongs to the EOMD pro- 28 Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems

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• Demonstrate to the major regional performed within the project and created stakeholders the benefits of EGNOS. a solid collaborative framework between institutions. • Create the necessary solid collaborative framework between institutions to ease Within the service demonstrations, Pildo Labs service extension and future operations acted as technical support for the set up and in the Region. installation of the MedaCoN network, continuously monitoring the EGNOS signal In this activity, Pildo is in charge of the man- through a network of six data collection sta- agement of the whole activity and the promo- tions located in Tunis, Morocco, Turkey, Is- tion of the activity. In addition, the company rael, Palestine and at Pildo Labs' premises. is leader of the concept proof and flight dem- The results obtained were stored and pre- onstrations and the related conclusions and sented through a website also developed by recommendations for cooperation with the Pildo Labs and the main objective of the net- region. work, which was to demonstrate the possibilities offered by the EGNOS system to Civil The Consortium: Coordinator & Partners Aviation over the region, was fully accom- Partners Country plished. Pildo Labs (coordinator) Spain Moreover, and also in the frame of the METIS demonstrations, Pildo Labs gave support to Telespazio Italy Telespazio in the frame of the civil aviation Egis Avia France demonstrations. In addition to the help on the activity coordination, Pildo Labs designed Navya Solutions Spain and encoded an LPV29 procedure for the EGNOS flight trials at Çanakkale airport that ACAC International Or- demonstrated that EGNOS will enable APV30 ganization operations in the Mediterranean countries ASECNA International Or- reducing the need of the conventional and ganization expensive ground navigation aid infrastructure such as ILS31 to perform precision ap- SENASA Spain proaches. The Consortium: Coordinator & Partners

METIS Partners Country The Spanish company Pildo Labs was in- Telespazio (coordinator) Italy volved in the consortium for the project METIS, which was led by the Italian company Al-Akhawayn University Morocco Telespazio. ESSP France The main objective of METIS was to prepare FDC France the introduction of GNSS services in the Mediterranean region aiming at the en- Thales Alenia Space France hancement of transport safety, reliability and security. Pildo Labs Spain

Three main activities were performed in light of this goal in the frame of METIS: Projects Based on Earth Observation • The first was the elaboration of a Euro- Mediterranean Policy to prepare the in- The MalarSat Project troduction of the EGNOS service, and the Malaria is one of the major public health chal- future Galileo, in the MEDA area, for the lenges undermining development in the period 2009-2019, taking into account world. The aim of the MalarSat Project is to the particular needs of the area and the provide malaria risks infection maps on a social and economic benefits that their global scale using Earth Observation data to use will generate. support and prevent epidemic episodes. The • A set of GNSS Service demonstrations proposed service for creating malaria risk was then conducted to remark the bene- maps would be critically useful to improve fits of the use of EGNOS for Civil Aviation efficiency in insecticide programs, vaccine and freight transport (maritime, road and rail). • A complete training and awareness pro- 29 Localizer performance with vertical navigation 30 gramme complemented all the activities Approach Procedure with Vertical guidance 31 Instrument Landing System

ESPI Report 26 74 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

campaigns and the logistics epidemic treat- Spanish companies GTD Information Systems ment. and IsardSAT -leader of the project-. Different teams have already carried out CBERS-2B General Information studies in order to exploit the use of Earth The CREPAD32 Program of the Remote Sens- Observation (EO) data with epidemiology ing Area of INTA33 is aware of the constant purposes. In the case of malaria risk maps, it increase and improvement of the Earth Ob- has been shown that meteorological data is serving Satellite network. Therefore a con- not sufficient to fulfil this objective. In par- stant effort is being made to incorporate data ticular, being able to map the malaria mos- from those new satellites and sensors. During quito habitat would increase the accuracy of the last year the implementation of CBERS risk maps. The malaria mosquitoes mainly 2B data have been carried out. reproduce in new water puddles of very reduced dimensions (about 1 meter The CBERS-2B satellite, successfully launch in wide). Different teams have already carried 2007, is a low earth polar orbit satellite out studies in order to exploit the use of aimed at the observation of the Earth. On- Earth Observation (EO) data with epidemiol- board it carries three cameras but only two of ogical purposes. Nowadays it has been dem- these cameras will be acquired by CREPAD onstrated that there is no instrument that antennas in Maspalomas Space Station (lo- could detect such small patches of water cated in the island of Gran Canaria, Spain). unless there are many of them spread in an In March there was a problem with the Atti- area of several hundreds of meters. MalarSat tude Control System and the satellite lost aims at using the radar altimeter data from attitude. At the moment CBERS 2B is not the EnviSat, RA-2, to try and build indicators working. It is planned to be replaced by of mosquitoes’ existence. CBERS-3 in 2011. Radar altimetry measurements have been The setting up of the Maspalomas Space Sta- traditionally used to monitor ocean surfaces tions for receiving CBERS 2B images has and ice caps. Previous studies have shown included among its tasks the distribution of the potentialities of radar altimetry to moni- data free of charge to all interested Spanish, tor land surfaces at the global scale. How- African, Brazilian and Chinese users34. This is ever, radar altimetry applications over conti- an important initiative of wide spreading nental surfaces remain relatively underdevel- availability of remotely sensed data to African oped. The major innovation of this study is countries, promoting the use of geoinforma- the use of EnviSat RA-2 data to detect water tion for the sustainable development of Af- puddles of very reduced dimensions (about 1 rica. meter wide) where typically malaria mosquitoes reproduce. The interest of RA-2 relies on The image catalogue accessible via Internet its ability to discriminate a particular echo will be accessible by means of the CREPAD shape. Due to the flatness of these water web site surfaces (and therefore very specular reflec- (http://www.crepad.rcanaria.es/en/index- tion), these areas will produce a particular en.html). echo shape even if the water surface is only a small part of the radar footprint. Despite RA- 7.3.8 Sweden 2 spatial resolution (about 350m) being rather poor when compared to other ra- There is no agreement between Sweden or dar systems like ASAR (20m), its ability to SNSB and an African counterpart in the field discriminate a particular echo shape can en- of space. There is no other partnership or able detection of water surfaces much program between Sweden and Africa but smaller than the RA-2 spatial resolution. In SNSB does sponsor a few minor projects that this study, five-year-measurements of the are performed in cooperation between Swed- EnviSat radar altimeter are studied over Mo- ish researchers/companies and African coun- zambique. The temporal and spatial stability terparts and that rely on space technologies of the parameters from the different nominal for their implementation. Under this frame- retracking procedures is assessed. work some projects in Sweden are: The results show, among other things, the capabilities of radar altimeter to map flooded areas. These results are very promising and 32 Center for REception, Processing, Archiving and Dis- they open ground for new applications in the semination of Earth Observation Data. future. The Spanish company Pildo performed 33 (Spanish) National Institute for Aerospace Technology. the data management tools and data visuali- 34 For this purpose, a Memorandum of Understanding zation of the project, in strong collaboration (MoU) between INPE (The Brazilian National Institute for with the Spanish International Health Centre Space Research), INTA and CRESDA (China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Applications) has been Hospital Clinic (CRESIB, Barcelona) and the signed by Brazil, China and Spain in 2008.

ESPI Report 26 75 September 2010

• The project "Choosing the right way in the Mtwara Development Corridor" aims 7.3.9 United Kingdom to demonstrate the benefits of combining satellite data with other relevant geo- In 2006 the United Kingdom entered into a graphical information to facilitate the Memorandum of Understanding between the planning of sustainable development in British National Space Center (BNSC) and the developing countries in Africa. It is un- Algerian Space Agency (ASAL). The aim of 35 dertaken by the World Wildlife Fund this MOU is to provide a framework of col- (WWF) together with the company laborative activities and to review areas of Metria. common interest in the civil aspects of space; to facilitate the interchange of information, • The project performed by the company technology and personnel in areas of mutual Forsway concerns bringing Internet ac- interest. The United Kingdom had previously cess to the African people using satellite cooperated in connection with Algeria’s na- based triple-play. This is now being de- tional satellite AISAT-1. veloped further in an ESA-project (in Ar- tes-3). • The project "Remote Sensing of Carbon Dynamics in the Sahel" is performed by the University of Lund.

35 The link for the MOU can be found in the following link: http://www.ukspaceagency.bis.gov.uk/assets/channels/abo ut/MoU_Algeria.pdf

ESPI Report 26 76 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

8. Projects in Africa

http://www.who.int/africahealthinfoway/en/

8.1 Alphabetic list of projects 8.1.2 African Monitoring of the Environment for in Africa Sustainable Development (AMESD)

In the following subsections a list of projects Name that have been competed and are ongoing in African Monitoring of the Environment for Africa using satellite applications are listed. Sustainable Development (AMESD) These projects are developed by European, African and International actors. The list is Objectives not exhaustive but provides an overview of the types of projects developing. AMESD aims to extend the operational use of Earth Observation technologies and data to environmental and climate monitoring appli- 8.1.1 Africa Health Infoway cations in order to provide all African nations with the resources needed to manage their Name environment more effectively and ensure Africa Health Infoway long-term sustainable development in the region. Objectives Description Support health workers with high quality data to improve patient care, assist health manag- AMESD builds on the success of the Prepara- ers with collecting real-time data from health tion for the Use of Meteosat Second Genera- facilities, help policy-makers with reliable tion in Africa (PUMA) programme and paves health data for evidence-based decision- the way for GMES Africa. making, support health managers with infor- It has received funding from the European mation to monitor and evaluate programmes Union’s European Development Fund and is and resources, support the general public by being implemented by the African Union’s providing all the necessary information for Commission, with international technical as- making informed choices about health pro- sistance and the support from five Regional grammes, and support partners with sustain- Implementation Centres, EUMETSAT and the able feedback on the programmes to which European Commission Joint Research Centre. they are committed. The programme is being executed in close Description cooperation with five Regional Economic Groupings – the Economic Community of Africa Health Infoway is an ICT-based net- West African States (ECOWAS), Communaute work of e-health solutions, to support health Economique et Monetaire de l’Afrique Cen- at districts in 53 African countries. It is trale (CEMAC), the Intergovernmental Au- planned for implementation over 5 years, thority on Development (IGAD), the Southern delivering connectivity to global information, African Development Community (SADC), strengthening the capture, use and exchange and the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) – of health information. the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) Secretariat. The World Meteoro- Consortium logical Organization, UN Economic Commis- sion for Africa (UNECA), UN Environment This project is conducted under the World Programme (UNEP) and Food and Agriculture Health Organisation. Organization (FAO) are also overseeing the programme. Contact Information AMESD’s focus areas are Mr. Sahlu Getachew Email: [email protected]

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• Providing the African user community BDMS with better access to Earth Observation, [email protected] field and ancillary data; Tel: (267) 395 6281 • Setting up five operational regional in- Fax: (267) 395 6282 formation services to support and im- www.weather.info.bw prove decision-making in environmental ICPAC management [email protected] • Establishing national, regional and conti- Tel: (254) 20 387 83 40 nental environmental information proc- Fax: (254) 20 387 83 43 esses, frameworks and activities to en- www.icpac.net able African governments to meet inter- MOI national environment treaty obligations [email protected] • Organizing specialized training and staff Tel: (230) 427 4434 exchange programmes to maintain the Fax: (230) 427 4433 technical capability of African AMESD www.moi.gov.mu stakeholders in the long term. [email protected] www.amesd.org CEMAC THEMA: Management of water resources ECOWAS THEMA: Water management for 8.1.3 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses cropland and rangeland management (AMMA) SADC THEMA: Agricultural and environmental Name resource management African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses IGAD THEMA: Land degradation mitigation (AMMA) and natural habitat conservation IOC THEMA: Coastal and maritime manage- Objectives ment African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) is an international project to improve Funding Body our knowledge and understanding of the The European Union’s European Development West African monsoon (WAM) and its vari- Fund ability using a multi-scale approach: time- scales, space scales, etc. Consortium AMMA’s main goal is to provide African deci- The responsible body for this project is the sion makers with improved assessments of African Union Commission. The consortium similar rainfall changes which are likely to consists of Thales Alenia Space; IRD, Re- occur during the 21st century due to natural search Institute for Development, France; fluctuations and as a result of anticipated BRL Ingénierie and Conzortio ITA, Italy; global climate change. An essential step in AGRYMET, Regional Implementation Center that direction is to improve our ability to for the ECOWAS region; CICOS, Regional forecast the weather and climate in the West Implementation Centre for the CEMAC re- African region. gion; BDMS, Regional Implementation Centre for the SADC region; ICPAC, Regional Imple- Consortium mentation Centre for the IGAD region; MOI, Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built Regional Implementation Centre for the IOC by an international scientific group and is region; EUMETSAT; EC-JRC. This project currently funded by a large number of agen- started in October 2007 and will have a dura- cies, especially from France, the UK, US and tion of 48 months. Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Contact Information Community’s Sixth Framework Research Pro- AGHRYMET gramme. [email protected] The Senegalese scientific teams involved in Tel: (227) 2031 5316 / (227) 2031 5436 AMMA are CSE, UCAD, IPD and DIREL. Me- Fax: (227) 2031 5435 dias-France is working with the Senegalese www.agrhymet.ne scientific teams. The study site is Barkedji, CICOS located in the Ferlo area. [email protected] Tel: (243) 81 555 36 76 / (243) 81 555 36 CSE, UCAD and Medias-France are working 75 together on environmental issues (climate, www.cicos.info meteorology, hydrology, water quality, re-

ESPI Report 26 78 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

mote sensing (land use and land cover)…). Description IPD is in charge of all aspects related to en- tomology and DIREL is involved in veterinary South Africa and its neighbouring countries investigations. have a combination of well-equipped telecommunication urban centres with a large Contact Information area of less-equipped telecommunication infrastructure density. It is this combination http://www.redgems.org/spip.php?rubrique6 that makes the use of satellite applications a 1 clear advantage in national development. Galileo combined with other satellite applications is clearly an enabler towards sustain- 8.1.4 African Resource Management Constella- able development in the SADC region. tion (ARMC) AFSAGA will demonstrate to the SADC com- The African Resource Management Constella- munity that satellite applications can not only tion (ARMC), a collaboration currently involv- efficiently support economic sectors, such as ing Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya and Algeria, industry, farming, marine, mining, tourism, aims to develop a constellation of satellites to construction, road infrastructure and civil provide real time, unrestricted and affordable aviation, but also events, such as the 2010 access to satellite data to support effective FIFA World Cup. environmental and resource management in Africa. The first workshop was held in May Informing key users 2005 in Algeria. There is already a constella- The possibilities offered by combined Galileo tion design that would have each satellite and satellite-based telecommunication appli- equipped with a 2.5m resolution panchro- cations, as well as what has already been matic imager and a 5m resolution multispec- carried out in other regions, will be communi- tral imager in 6 multispectral bands. The cated to selected user communities. program would also include capacity building initiatives and the development of low-cost Analysing user needs multi-source ground receiving stations to aid The second step is an analysis and consolida- the less privileged countries who can gain tion of identified user needs. This consolida- access through these stations to remote tion process will include the cross-checking sensing and meteorological satellite data. The and justification of a proposed satellite-based ARMC Space Agreement was signed in Algiers solution. This process will be used to analyse in December 2009. the regional barriers to the implementation of such applications as well as the establishment Contact Information of an action plan to be discussed with regional stakeholders. Prof. Ade Abiodun Tel: +1-516-333-5474 Cell: +1-516-884-0559 Funding Body E-mail: [email protected] Co-financed by EC under FP6 8.1.5 African Satellite Communication & Galileo Consortium Applications (AFSAGA) The Council for Scientific and Industrial Re- search (CSIR), South Africa and Thales Alenia Name Space, France who was the coordinator. The project started on 01/03/2007 with a dura- African Satellite communication & Galileo tion of 12 months. Applications (AFSAGA) Objectives Contact Information Yannick Lefebvre The purpose of AFSAGA is to develop aware- THALES ALENIASPACE, FRANCE ness of the latest telecommunication tech- Navigation Business Unit nologies and their potential use in the south- Building P, Door 265 26, ern African region. The project analyses the Ave J. F. Champollion, potential applications available from Galileo 31037 Toulouse, France and satellite communications in South Africa Tel: +33 5 34 35 71 95 as well as in the Southern African Develop- Fax: +33 5 34 35 55 18 ment Community (SADC) region. Email: [email protected] http://www.afsaga.org

ESPI Report 26 79 September 2010

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space Department, School of Mines, University of /files/afsaga.pdf Zambia, Zambia; GSD Geological Survey Department, Ghana; GSE Geological Survey of Ethiopia, Ethiopia; GSM Geological Survey 8.1.6 African-European Georesources Observa- and Mines Department, Uganda; GTK Ge- tion System (AEGOS) ologian Tutkimuskeskus, Finland; INETI In- stituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Name Inovação, Portugal; IRA Institute for Re- source Assessment, Tanzania; IRD Institut African-European Georesources Observation de Recherche pour le Développement, System (AEGOS) France ; JRC European Commission/ DG Joint Research Centre/ Institute for Envi- Objectives ronment and Sustainability, International The AEGOS project aims at setting-up the Organisation; MMI Ministère des Mines et de preparatory phase for the building of an in- l'Industrie - Direction des Mines et de la formation system containing and making Géologie, Sénégal ; PGI Panstwowy Instytut accessible data and knowledge on African Geologiczny, Poland; RBINS Royal Belgian geological resources including mineral re- Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium, Part- sources, raw material, groundwater and en- ner; SEAMIC Southern and Eastern African ergy (georesources). Mineral Centre, International Organisation; TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Description Scientific Research, Netherlands; UEMOA Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Afri- AEGOS is a Support Action of the European caine, International Organisation; DGS De- Union 7 th Framework Programme. It is actu- partment of Geological Survey, Botswana; ally the preparatory phase of a pan-African DNG M Direcção Nacional de Geologia, Mo- observation system including the information zambique; EUMETSAT European Organisa- and knowledge so far collected and future tion for the Exploitation of Meteorological acquisitions regarding georesources in Africa. Satellites, International Organisation; MAWF The information system will be based on a Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, distributed architecture with local and Inter- Namibia; RMCA Royal Museum for Central net access. The management of the intellec- Africa, Belgium; SGU Sveriges Geologiska tual propriety rights on the data sets will be Undersökning, Sweden. The project was co- addressed. funded by EC FP7 Environmental theme. The project started on 09/02/2009 with a dura- The main objectives of AEGOS project are the tion of 30 months. definition of: • operational procedures for data man- Contact Information agement (spatial data infrastructure, metadata and data), AEGOS Project - Work Package 9 Co-leader. • user-oriented products and services in- Ms Cindy Petersen (Council for Geocience) cluding the preparation of innovative cnr. Oos & Reed Streets spin-off projects, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa 7535 • the African-European partners network: Telephone: +27 21 943 6730 strengthening and development, Mobile: +27 78 233 4071 • a geoscience contribution to GEOSS, in Fax: +27 86 615 5858 the context of the Infrastructure for Spa- http://www.aegos-project.org tial Information in Europe (INSPIRE). 8.1.7 Africover Consortium In this project consortium was: Beak Con- Name sultants GmbH, Germany; BGR Bundesan- Africover stalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Germany; BGS British Geological Survey, Objectives United Kingdom; BRGM Bureau de Recher- ches Géologiques et Minières, France ; To strengthen the capabilities of African CIFEG Centre International pour la Forma- countries for sustainable planning and man- tion et les Echanges en Géosciences, agement of natural resources, by producing France; CGS Council for Geoscience, South reliable land cover databases and strengthen- Africa; CzechGS Ceska Geologicka Sulzba, ing national capacities in operational applica- Czech Republic; DNG Ministère des Mines et tions of remote sensing. de l'Energie - Direction Nationale de la Géologie, Guinea ; GD-SOM-UNZA Geology

ESPI Report 26 80 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Description Description The use of remote sensing and geographic Disaster occurrence and loss has increased information system technologies for natural rapidly over recent decades. In the past 20 resource management. It also seeks to es- years, over 3 million people have lost their tablish a digital georeferenced database on lives around the world in large-scale natural land cover for Africa. Africover reinforces disasters, the majority of them in developing national and subregional capacities for the countries. The situation is particularly prob- establishment, update and use of land cover lematic in Africa, a continent which is very maps and spatial data bases and produces prone to the negative effects of climate geographic information required for decision change. In some countries, years of devel- making, planning and natural resources man- opment gains have suddenly been lost, deep- agement in African countries. Based on the ening poverty for millions and leaving them Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Africover even more exposed to future natural haz- collects and produces data for 10 African ards. The African communities are very vul- countries: Burundi, Democratic Republic of nerable economically, socially and environ- the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, mentally to natural hazards and the situation Somalia, Sudan, Uganda and United Republic is aggravated by the rapid growth of the of Tanzania. population. Many of these fragile economies and communities do not have sufficient ca- Consortium pacity to resist the disaster. Out of sheer necessity, many African people live at high This project is under the Food and Agriculture risk. The increasing number of natural haz- Organization (FAO), United Nations Environ- ards strikes those who are already the most mental Program (UNEP). The funding is pro- vulnerable. vided by the Italian Cooperation, FAO and UNEP “Reducing the risk of natural and human- induced disasters and improving the capacity Contact Information to respond to emergencies” was deservedly identified as one of the key-societal chal- c/o FAO Representative in Kenya lenges to be addressed within the “ICT for P.O. BOX 30470 - 00200 City Sq. sustainable growth” work programme. better Nairobi, Kenya prevention (monitoring), detection (early Tel: +254 - 20 - 3743454 warning) and management (planning and Fax: +254 - 20 – 3743498 deploying forces when a crisis has been trig- Email: [email protected] gered) of these disasters could have saved http://www.africover.org/index.htm many of these 3 million lives. ICT-based solutions can play a crucial role here, as they can reduce the risks the African population is 8.1.8 Assessment of ICT for DM in Africa – Best exposed to. As such, ICT can save many practices and information sharing (AIDA) lives. Name On top of these considerations, we see that there is a huge demand for ICT related in- Assessment of ICT for DM in Africa – Best formation in Africa at the moment. During practices and information sharing (AIDA) the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe/Japan in January 2005, all countries Objectives agreed to implement the Hyogo framework for action. This action plan builds upon the The objectives of the AÏDA project are : resilience of nations and communities to dis- • to reduce the risk of natural disasters in asters and is translated into concrete actions Africa at all levels. Many countries are setting up • to improve the capacity to respond to National Disaster Action Plans and require disasters decent ICT related information to select the • to fill the ICT information gap most appropriate ICT tools. • to promote existing successful ICT solutions; In spite of the urgent need, many African • to open GEONETCast for alerting pur- countries have no access to or cannot afford poses; the most innovative or modern ICT solu- • to strengthen the European leadership in tions. Nevertheless, some ICT solutions have ICT solutions; already successfully proven their value in • to pave the road for long-term ICT coop- Africa while other ICT solutions might look eration with Africa. promising but need to be investigated and potentially tailored to the African situation. On the African side, many stakeholders could

ESPI Report 26 81 September 2010

benefit from the knowledge and experience 8.1.9 City Mapping Project (SIM) in Sudan that’s already available to other communities or in other countries within Africa. Therefore, Name sharing knowledge, experience and best 36 practices about affordable and successful ICT City Mapping Project (SIM) in Sudan solutions theatre used in support of DRM (Disaster and Risk Management) in Africa is Objective of utmost importance. The objective of the City Mapping Project Multiple sources (e.g. the UN/ISDR website) (SIM) is the updating and complementing of already provide disaster information for Af- available geographic information for the sup- rica. Little to nearly no information is avail- port of aid delivery in South Sudan, which is able about ICT solutions in support of the grounded on the physical infrastructure. mitigation and management of the disaster. There is a lack of ICT information available Description and it forms a gap. The SIM project focuses on the development The AÏDA project wants to fill this gap, and and establishment of “two-sided A1 foldable collect and share the ICT for DRM knowledge maps” in Sudan by very high resolution satel- and solutions in Africa. As such it will ad- lite imagery and vector data. The tools for vance the use of ICT solutions by the stake- the maps, satellite imagery and vector data, holders involved in disaster management have been planned by a series of assess- across multiple hazards categories and across ments of some months duration. The re- country boundaries within Africa. This activity quirement and the use of the maps is related does not compete with existing initiatives to humanitarian workers, who are in need of from the UN. At the contrary, AÏDA fully accurate mapping to locate agency offices, complements those initiatives by focusing on logistical assets (fuel points, warehouses, the role of ICT within DRM, an aspect that transport hubs), guest houses and other ac- has hardly been addressed. commodation, and major roads and streets. Moreover, these maps can be used as a basis Consortium for longer term urban planning and monitoring by local authorities. The main activities in The coordinator is the Flemish Institute for this project are an inter-agency working Technological Research (VITO), Belgium. The group, data collection/management training, partners are: Ardhi University Disaster Man- and to compile updated info and training agement Centre (ARU), United Republic of GoSS. Tanzania; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteoro- Consortium logical Satellites (EUMETSAT), International This project was funded by the United Na- Organisation; GEOSAT Technology, France ; tions and is in cooperation of Central Bureau Institut d’Economie Rural du Mali (IER), Mali; of Statistics, UNDP, UNMIS, NSSE, International Institute for Geo-Information EUSC,UNJLC, FAO, UNICEF, UNHCR,WHO, Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Nether- UNFPA,UNOCHA. lands; Federal University of Technology (FUTM), Nigeria; Switzerland; Technology Contact Information Sans Frontière (TSF), Luxembourg. This project has been funded under FP7. It started on Joe Crowley 01/06/2008 with a duration of 24 months. Information Management Unit House 23, block 11 Contact Information Riyadh Khartoum, Sudan Project Coordination Tel: +249 (0) 912160272 Gilliams Sven Email: [email protected] Tel: +32-14-336827 Fax: +32-14-322795 Email: [email protected] www.aidaonline.info

36 http://www.unsudanig.org/sim/index.php?fid=projects

ESPI Report 26 82 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

8.1.10 Coordination and Advancement of Sub- • To identify and prioritise common re- Saharan Africa-EU Science & Technology search areas of mutual interest and Cooperation Network (CAAST-Net) benefit, especially for inclusion in the thematic priorities of the FP7 Cooperation Name Programme, harnessing cooperation to address specific problems faced locally Coordination and advancement of sub- and regionally within Africa, as well as Saharan Africa-EU science & technology co- common problems of a global nature. operation network (CAAST-Net) • To promote synergy between Europe- Africa S&T partnerships and development Objectives cooperation instruments in order to enhance the creation and application of CAAST-Net serves as a platform aiming to new knowledge in support of achieving advance bi-regional cooperation in science the MDGs, poverty alleviation and eco- and technology. nomic growth. • To undertake specific activities dedicated Description to strengthening of the participation of African countries in the Framework Pro- CAAST-Net is a four-year joint Africa-Europe gramme through a series of events platform dedicated to advancing bi-regional aimed at raising awareness, providing in- cooperation in science and technology. formation, brokering partnerships and The Joint Africa-EU Strategic Partnership, optimising synergies. endorsed at the December 2007 Summit in • To monitor the performance and impact Lisbon, is a political vision and roadmap for of Europe-Africa S&T cooperation under future cooperation between the two conti- the Framework Programme to inform fu- nents in existing and new areas. Cooperation ture cooperation policy. between Europe and Africa in the field of science and technology, with its long and Consortium multifaceted history, is one of the pillars supporting the increasingly diverse relationship African partners are the Ministry of Higher between our two continents and is a strand Education, Science and Technology (Mo- running both explicitly and implicitly through HEST), Kenya; Research (Africa) (Pty.) Ltd the joint strategy and its first action plan. (RA), South Africa; Ugandan National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST), Against the background of a global consensus Uganda; Ministry of Education (MINEDUC), that indigenous capacity in science and tech- Rwanda; Ministry of National Education and nology is an essential pre-requisite to eco- Scientific Research (DR-MENRS), Madagas- nomic competitiveness, sustainable develop- car; Science and Technology Policy Research ment and poverty reduction, the Network for Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial the Coordination and Advancement of sub- Research (CSIR-STEPRI), Ghana; Direccao Saharan Africa-EU Science & Technology Co- Geral de Ensino Superior e Ciencia (DGESC), operation (CAAST-Net) has been developed Cape Verde; Ministry of Scientific Research as a high-level platform, financed by the and Innovation (MINRESI), Cameroon; Min- European Union's Seventh Framework Pro- istère de la Recherche Scientifique (MRS), gramme (FP7), to advance international co- Senega; operation between Europe and Africa for mu- Department of Science and Technology tual benefit. (DST), South Africa. The European partners CAAST-Net's goal is an increase in the quality are the Africa Unit, Association of Common- and quantity of bi-regional cooperation in wealth Universities (on behalf of the UK De- science and technology between Europe and partment of Universities, Innovation and Africa, targeting areas of mutual interest and Skills) (AU-ACU), United Kingdom; Interna- benefit through greater use of instruments tional Bureau and National Contact Point Life under the FP7, as well as through other in- Sciences of the German Federal Ministry of struments of international cooperation, and Education and Research (PT-DLR), Germany; through lobbying for greater synergy be- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement tween R&D and development instruments. (IRD), France; The Research Council of Nor- way, Division for Strategic Priorities (RCN), In support of its goals, CAAST-Net has a Norway; University of Jyväskylä/ Finnish Uni- range of activity clusters aiming: versities' Partnership for International Devel- opment (on behalf of the Finnish Ministry of • To support and inform existing Europe- Foreign Affairs) (JyU-UniPID), Finland; Swed- Africa S&T policy dialogue and coopera- ish Governmental Agency for Innovation Sys- tion processes. tems (VINNOVA), Sweden; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche

ESPI Report 26 83 September 2010

Agronomique pour le Développement Description (CIRAD), France; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal. This project was ClimDev is an African development pro- funded under the FP7 and expected to be gramme to integrate Climate Risk Manage- completed in 2013. ment (CRM) into pertinent policy and decision processes throughout the continent. It will be Contact Information implemented under the direction of the Joint AUC-ECA-AfDB Secretariat with support from Africa Region Coordinator a number of sources. It is envisaged as a 3- Dr Eric Mwangi phase programme over an 11-year period. Climate Risk Management is both: a) A ra- CAAST-Net Africa Region Coordinator tional way of coping with the effects of cli- Principal Research Officer Department of Re- mate variability today, and b) A practical, ‘no search Development regrets’ way of incorporating longer-term Ministry of Science and Technology climate uncertainty and risk, into policy and Harambee Avenue, 9583-00200 Nairobi decision making tomorrow. Currently, climate Kenya data is little used in development processes Tel: +254 (20) 241369 in Africa because of weaknesses in both de- Email: [email protected] mand for, and supply of, pertinent climate EU Region Coordinator services. In order to strengthen resilience to Dr Andrew Cherry short-term climate variability, ClimDev-Africa will assess primary stakeholder needs in rela- CAAST-Net Coordinator tion to climate information and build capacity Science and Technology Adviser in institutions (public, private and civil) and The Africa Unit people to use climate knowledge more effec- The Association of Commonwealth Universi- tively in planning and decision-making. It will ties also build capacity in climate and weather Woburn House, 20-24 Tavistock Square institutions, to be able to provide the many London WC1H 9HF, United Kingdom information services required. Tel: +44 (0)20 7380 6746 Email: [email protected] Consortium Administrative Officer Ms Sara Calamassi This project is implemented under the direction of the Joint AUC-ECA-AfDB Secretariat. CAAST-Net Administrative Officer The Africa Unit Contact Information Association of Commonwealth Universities Woburn House, 20-24 Tavistock Square Email: [email protected] London WC1H 9HF United Kingdom 8.1.12 Crisis Monitoring and Response Technolo- Tel: +44 (0)20 7380 6723 Email: [email protected] gies (CriTech) http://www.caast-net.org Name Crisis Monitoring and Response Technologies 8.1.11 Climate for Development in Africa Pro- (CriTech) gramme (ClimDev-Africa) Objectives Name Crisis Monitoring and Response Technologies- Climate for Development in Africa Programme CriTech aims to develop and verify solutions (ClimDev-Africa) to enhance decision-making in crisis management including experimenting with multi- Objective ple-source information retrieval techniques, real-time data stream prioritisa- ClimDev-Africa aims to enhance economic tion/visualisation, numerical modelling sys- growth and progress towards the MDGs tems, and visualisation/display systems. through mitigating the vagaries of climate variability and climate change, and to ensure Description that development achievements already gained are climate resilient in the longer CriTech has been developed under the policy term. Theme “Europe as a World Partner”, Agenda “Global Security”

ESPI Report 26 84 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

It is based on the Strategy of the Global Se- 8.1.13 Cross-cutting project “Application of re- curity and Crisis management Unit of JRC, mote sensing for integrated management which aims at risk reduction, crisis preven- of ecosystems and water resources in Africa” tion, crisis preparedness, crisis response and recovery. Name Through the development and verification of Cross-cutting project “Application of remote solutions, Cri-Tech strengths the EU's part- sensing for integrated management of eco- ners and its capacity in crisis prevention, systems and water resources in Africa” preparedness and response, focusing especially on humanitarian natural disasters, public health crises, conflict and political crises. Objectives Instruments include the Community Instru- The target of the cross cutting project is to ment for Stability, the Community Humani- promote biodiversity conservation, to aid tarian Aid Instrument, the Community Disas- sustainable development and to help alleviate ter Risk Reduction Action Plan, the Commu- poverty in Africa. nity Action Plan on Reinforcing the European Union's Disaster Response Capacity, the Description Community Health Programme, and the external security dimension of GMES. The development of processes, which give the possibility to African countries to access Its objectives are: and use satellite data and information and • to develop reliable and up-to-date Geo- communication technologies, including the spatial data infrastructure and the main- Internet, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geo- tenance of existing geospatial data infra- graphic Information Systems (GIS) to moni- structure, including updating pinning es- tor, assess and manage Ecosystems and Wa- sential datasets and upgrading underpin- ter Resources. ning software and hardware to maintain its high quality, efficiency and reliability. Consortium • to develop field-based data gathering This project is under UN sponsorship and tools to support crisis situation aware- UNESCO assemblies ness and post crisis needs assessments. This project is run in cooperation with ISFEREA Action. Contact Information • to develop situation and secure room Mr. K F Seddoh, UNESCO Project leader: models Email: [email protected] • to host critical servers and a secure Mr. J Ahanhanzo, UNESCO Project Manager working environment to handle/store Email: [email protected] sensitive data on a restricted access basis in a collaborative crisis management portal. This project is run in cooperation 8.1.14 Distribution of Vegetation Data in Africa with ISFEREA Action through EUMETCAST (VGT4-AFRICA) • to model tsunamis and tropical cyclones • to develop and implement a Global Flood Name Detection System • to model epidemiological events and Distribution of vegetation data in Africa quantitative risk assessment of emerging through EUMETCAST (VGT4-AFRICA) health threats Objectives Consortium The VGT4AFRICA project aimed at setting up This project is under the leadership of an operational and timely distribution system JRC.DG.G Institute for the Protection and of VEGETATION data from the SPOT satellites Security of the Citizen, Ispra (Italie) and is and creating high level derived products to all currently ongoing. African countries. Contact Information Description Mr. Alessandro Annunziato, leader The first task ('get it there') was to make the [email protected] production and near-real time distribution of 10 products fully operational. The data is provided, free-of-charge, to all non- commercial users all over Africa. In order to reach out to remote areas and areas lacking internet connectivity, the EUMETCast satellite

ESPI Report 26 85 September 2010

telecommunication system, operated by Fax: +32 14 33 55 99 EUMETSAT, complements the deliveries via Email: [email protected] the web and on fixed media. EUMETCast has http://www.vgt4africa.org been used in various research projects and is rapidly becoming the global GEONETCast 8.1.15 Earth Observation and ENVironmental data dissemination system. modelling for the mitigation of HEAlth risks Delivering state-of-the-art environmental (EO2HEAVEN) data on the desks of the experts in the area of earth observation in Africa has, however, Name not been enough. That is why the second objective of the project was to 'get the data Earth Observation and ENVironmental model- used' in Africa. The project has achieved this ling for the mitigation of HEAlth risks by organizing 4 international training work- (EO2HEAVEN) shops, as well as several user support activities and follow-on projects. Objectives Data provided to more than 100 users The project aims at monitoring changes in- VGT4Africa operationally produces and produced by human activities, with emphasis on vides data to 11 EUMETCast receivers (an- atmospheric, river, lake and coastal marine other 5 are in preparation) to over 100 users pollution. in more than 20 different countries, including international organizations like the Food and Description Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World EO2HEAVEN follows a multidisciplinary and Food Programme (WFP), and 4 regional envi- user-driven approach involving public health ronment research and education centres. The stakeholders who work closely with technol- data is now used, for example, for a GIS web ogy and service providers in both the earth portal in South Africa, food security early observation and in situ environmental moni- warning systems in the Sahel and crop monitoring domain. The result of this collaboration toring and livestock research in Kenya. aims at the design and development of a GIS Follow-up research based upon an open and standards-based Spatial Information Infrastructure (SII) en- VGT4Africa inspired a number of follow-on visaged as a helpful tool for research of hu- projects. Its user support and training activi- man exposure and early detection of infec- ties will continue through an FP7 project: tions. “GEONETCast for and by developing countries” that will extend this approach to South The key factors of the EO2HEAVEN system America and China. Certain follow-up projects are: focus on international cooperation and appli- • enhanced integration of remotely sensed cation development, like Endeleo and and in-situ environmental measure- VGT@Work, and further pave the way for the ments, and African Union’s African Monitoring of the En- • the development of models to relate vironment for Sustainable Development these environmental data to exposure (AMESD) project and other similar activities and health data. Both factors will directly in Europe and Africa. address current goals of GEOSS such that the resulting system will be inte- Consortium grated into the GEOSS infrastructure af- The coordinator is Flemish Institute for Tech- ter successful validation already during nological Research, Belgium and the partners the course of the project. Throughout the are the Joint Research Centre – Institute for life span of the project the stakeholder Environment and Sustainability, Italy and requirements from three different use MEDIAS-France, France The project started cases (in Europe and Southern Africa) on 01/01/2005 with a duration of 36 months. will be assessed and the technical solutions proposed by EO2HEAVEN will be Contact Information evaluated through an iterative process, thus ensuring that the solutions can be Geert Borstlap applied on a global scale. EO2HEAVEN Flemish Institute for Technological Research will specify and implement the SII as an NV open architecture based upon interna- Teledetection and Earth Observation (TAP) tional standards and adaptive geospatial division Web services in alignment with the large- Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol, Belgium scale initiatives INSPIRE and GMES. The Tel: +32 14 33 68 39 SII will include bridging capabilities at

ESPI Report 26 86 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

the syntactic and semantic levels to and GEO. EAMNet is coordinated by PML with 9 between environmental and health sys- other partners in Africa and Europe. tems. Ongoing and recently completed EAMNet will: research projects in the ICT, environmental and health domains will be stud- • Promote exploitation of existing and new ied and used in an integrative approach. marine EO data streams produced in Europe and Africa (e.g. MyOcean, OSI- Consortium SAF and DevCoCast) and disseminate the data using fast and reliable systems Atos Origin Sociedad Anonima Espanola, ES; (GEONETCast) Technische Universität Dresden, DE; • Harmonize and contribute to the evolu- 52°North Initiative For Geospatial Open tion and improvement of application of Source Software GmbH, DE; Umweltbunde- these data. Improve the coverage of the samt, DE; Spot Image (Si) SA, FR ; Nevan- marine GEONETCast reception network tropic, FR ; Commission of the European • Contribute to existing training courses Communities - Directorate General Joint; undertaken in AMESD, DevCoCast and Research Centre – Jrc, BE; Council for Scien- other initiatives tific And Industrial Research, ZA; Open Geo- • Develop EO specific modules within the spatial Consortium (Europe) Limited, UK; courses of three African Universities Co- Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der ordinate R&D activities in Africa with Angewandten Forschung e.V., DE; Bureau de GMES projects in Europe and promote Recherches Geologiques et Minieres, FR; best practices through targeted exchange Stichting International Institute for Geo- of personnel and open fellowships Information Science and Earth Observation, • Connect the African and EU marine Nl; University of Kwazulu-Natal, ZA; ICT Pol- communities by co-organizing yearly icy Implementation Technical Unit, MZ. The symposia (in parallel with the alternating project is funded under EC FP7 Environmental AARSE and AMESD meetings), maintain- theme. The project started on 01/02/2010 ing a web site and publishing a regular with a duration of 36 months. newsletter • Identify the requirements of the African Contact Information stakeholders for the provision of GMES services http://www.eo2heaven.org • Contribute to the implementation of the Action Plan for GMES and Africa Partner- 8.1.16 Europe-Africa Marine EO Network (EAMNet) ship resulting from the Lisbon Process on “GMES and Africa” and planned to be en- Name dorsed at the next EU-Africa Summit. Europe-Africa Marine EO Network (EAMNet) Consortium Objectives The coordinator is Plymouth Marine Labora- tory, UK and the partners are the University EAMNet aims to construct a network linking of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Ma- Earth Observation (EO) information provid- rine Research, Portugal; Danish Meteorologi- ers, user networks and centres of excellence cal Institute, Denmark; EUMETSAT; Natural in Europe and Africa in the area of coastal Environment Research Council – National and marine observations towards sustainable Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK; development in Africa. Institute of Marine Sciences University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; University of Description Ghana, Ghana; MeteoFrance - Centre de Météorologie Spatiale, France; National In- The network will undertake capacity building stitute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Egypt. and maintenance and build upon existing The project is funded under EC FP7 Coopera- infrastructure and expertise in Africa. The tion and the starting date was the end of overall aim is to improve the exploitation of 2009 with a duration of 36 months. EO data for coastal and oceanic monitoring towards an Africa-wide observation system Contact Information (GOOS-Africa). It will provide an interface between European GMES-related core and Plymouth Marine Laboratory downstream services and R&D projects (no- Prospect Place tably MyOcean) and African initiatives (e.g. The Hoe AMESD) with the emerging GMES-Africa ini- Plymouth tiative. It will also provide further links with United Kingdom PL1 3DH

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Tel: +44 (0)1752 633 100 • Commercial Service: EGNOS provides a Fax: +44 (0)1752 633 101 terrestrial commercial data service called [email protected] the EGNOS Data Access Service (EDAS). http://www.eamnet.eu EGNOS’ infrastructure comprises a ground network of 34 ranging and integrity monitor- 8.1.17 European Geostationary Navigation Over- ing stations (RIMS), six navigation land earth lay Service (EGNOS) stations (NLES) and four mission control centres and signal transponders on three geosta- Name tionary satellites (Artemis, Inmarsat AOR-E and Inmarsat IOR-W). The signal coverage European Geostationary Navigation Overlay area includes most European countries. Service (EGNOS) The possibility of extending EGNOS coverage to Africa is being evaluated. The European Objectives Commission has invited experts from Africa The European Geostationary Navigation Over- and Europe to contribute further analysis on lay Service (EGNOS), aiming to improve the 11 specific areas aimed at the preparation of open public service offered by the an implementation plan. USA’s Global Positioning System (GPS). Consortium Description EGNOS was developed by the EGNOS Opera- The development of EGNOS arose from a tor and Infrastructure Group (EOIG) with the tripartite agreement between the European support of the European Commission (EC), Space Agency (ESA), the European Commis- the European Space Agency (ESA) and Euro- sion (EC) and Eurocontrol, the European Or- control. ESA had overall responsibility for the ganisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. design and development of the EGNOS system. The European Commission has assigned EGNOS is Europe’s first venture into satellite the operational management and mainte- navigation and makes GPS suitable for safety nance of EGNOS to the European Satellite critical applications such as flying aircraft, Services Provider (ESSP), a company founded navigating ships through narrow channels, or in 2001 by seven European air navigation road transport. service providers: AENA (Spain), DFS (Ger- EGNOS provides both correction and integrity many), DSNA (France), ENAV (Italy), NATS information about the GPS system, delivering (UK), NAV (Portugal), Skyguide (Switzer- opportunities to use the more accurate posi- land). The funding is form EC, ESA, Eurocon- tioning data for improving existing services or trol. developing a wide range of new services. In terms of correction of data, EGNOS improves Contact Information the accuracy of GPS by providing a position- European GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA) ing accuracy to within three metres. By com- Rue de la Loi, 56 parison, someone using a GPS receiver with- 1049 Brussels, Belgium out EGNOS can only be sure of their position Tel: + 32 2 297 16 16 to within 17 metres. Regarding integrity of Fax: + 32 2 296 72 38 message, EGNOS also provides verification of http://www.egnos-portal.eu/ the system’s integrity, which relates to the trust that can be placed in the correctness of the location information supplied by the navi- 8.1.18 FAO African Water Resource Database gation system. EGNOS’ infrastructure consists of three geostationary satellites over Europe Name and a network of ground stations. FAO African Water Resource Database37 • EGNOS will offer three services. These are: Objectives • Open Service: The service is provided free of charge without any guarantee or The African Water Resource Database resulting liability. It is open for use to (AWRD) focuses on a dataset for inland anyone with an EGNOS-enabled satellite aquatic resource management, especially navigation receiver. inland fisheries and aquaculture, and im- • Safety-of-life Service: EGNOS will pro- provement of food security through a geo- vide a valuable integrity message warn- graphic information system (GIS) analytical ing the user of any malfunction of the framework. GPS signal within six seconds. 37http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/awrd/en

ESPI Report 26 88 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Description This technical support contains research and scientific development in different contexts of Through the recommendations of the Com- yield forecast models, combining NDVI indi- mittee on Inland Fisheries for Africa (CIFA), cators; Water satisfaction models; methodol- the AWRD was established. The AWRD is ogy of vulnerability analysis combining socio- successor operation to the earlier project led economical and physical indicators; making by the Aquatic Resource Management for use of spatial analysis and of various survey Local Community Development Programme datasets, calibration and validation of rainfall (ALCOM) entitled the “Southern African De- estimates products (2nd Generation velopment Community Water Resource Data- METEOSAT); validation and assessment of base” (SADC-WRD). The project itself is sub- the MODIS medium resolution products and divided in two parts. The first part treats the integration as crop masks in the crop moni- description and overview of the AWRD and toring systems. FOODSEC has extended its separates two application types. One is writ- expertise in other fields of food security like ten for administrators and managers and the vulnerability analysis, post harvest losses, other for professionals in technical fields. The market prices. second part more practically responds to the question “how to” supply and include a tech- Objectives are: nical manual for spatial analysts and a work- • to monitor crop yield by delivering crop book for university students and teachers. yield monitoring and yield forecasting on The storage and collection of the AWRD cov- a regular basis (national/ regional Bulle- ers the whole African continent, especially tins) over the Horn of Africa, Central the surface water bodies, watersheds, aquatic Asia, and South America. Start future ex- species, rivers, political boundaries, popula- tension of the activities in Sub-Saharan tion density, soils, satellite imagery and Africa according to existing infrastruc- many other physiographic and climatological tures. data. The spatial analysis improves under- • to provide ad-hoc assessment on regions standing for aquatic resources management at acute risk (DPRK, others). and answers related questions. Thanks to the • to improve the efficiency of the crop visual nature of the database it is possible to monitoring system through the integra- integrate different types of information in an tion of new products and develop yield interrelated program.38 forecast modules (from qualitative to quantitative EWS). Consortium • to acquire complementary expertise on This project is developed under FAO and is some of the other components of food currently ongoing. security; vulnerability assessment, post- harvest losses and market analysis, by Contact Information building on present studies (NRI, IFPRI) and partnerships (7 agencies participat- Email: [email protected] ing with JRC in the implementation of the Integrated food security Phase Classifica- tion-IPC) to carry out research in these 8.1.19 Food Security Assessment (FOODSEC) fields. • to build capacity of national and regional Name FS information systems in Africa, through provision of technical support and train- Food Security Assessment (FOODSEC) ing in the various components of FS, in particular crop monitoring and yield as- Objectives sessment. FOODSEC’s target is crop monitoring and • to improve scientific cooperation with Af- assessment of agricultural production in re- rican universities and networks of regions stricken by food insecurity. search (FARA, ASARECA) and CGIAR organisations in crop monitoring and food Description security. • to contribute to the ACP Thematic pro- FOODSEC supports the Food Security and gram in the field of Food Security and Food aid/assistance policies of the European Agriculture, in particular in the common Union by monitoring crops and assessing research topic “competition on land”, by agricultural production. It particularly sup- playing an increased role in the GMES ports the 1st Action Plan. "Global Land" (Food Security and Agricul- ture component) 38http://www.fao.org/fishery/gisfish/servlet/CDSServlet?stat • to provide relevant inputs to projects us=ND1saXRlcmF0dXJlX2NmLjI4MjImNj1lbiYzMz1pbmxh such as GEOLAND, AMESD or GMFS. bmRfZG9jJjM3PWluZm8~

ESPI Report 26 89 September 2010

• to ensure technical support in Food Secu- being identified in consultation with the Afri- rity matters to the EC Delegations and in can Union under the ‘GMES and Africa’ initia- particular to the EC Delegation to the UN tive. The project has two technical objec- organizations in Rome, by providing tives: technical monitoring and advice on EC • To exchange information, through work- funded Food Security Projects and pro- shops on GMES Emergency Response grammes. Core Service; and the International Char- • to define with RELEX family DG's the ter - Space and Major Disasters. contribution of JRC to the Food Security • To improve the quality of the current Thematic Programme (2008-2013), in- GMES Service, for African emergencies, cluding priorities in term of geographic through local requirements gathering ex- and thematic extensions and identifying ercises; and the ingestion of in situ data synergies with the Component 1 of the in product generation. FSTP (ARD - Agricultural research for Development). Consortium Consortium This project is co-ordinated by Infotera Ltd and it has 17 African and European Partners. This project is developed under JRC.DDG.H The European partners are: Infoterra Ltd in Institute for environment and sustainability, the UK, Metria (Sweden), Keyobs (Belgium), Ispra (Italie) and is currently ongoing. Vito (Belgium), PLUS (Austria), EDISOFT (Portugal), ITC (The Netherlands), DMCii Contact Information (UK), SYSECO (Belgium). The partners in Mr. Olivier Leo, leader Africa are: African Association for Remote Email: [email protected] Sensing of the Environment (AARSE), EIS- http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars/About- Africa, Regional Centre for Mapping of Re- us/FOODSEC sources for Development (RCMRD), Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), Centre Royal pour Teledetection 8.1.20 GMES and Africa: Regional Network for in- Science (CRTS), Centre for Science and In- formation Exchange and Training in Emer- dustrial Research (CSIR), Satellite Operations gencies (GARNET-E) Centre in South Africa, Societe Nacionale Protection Civile in Cape Verde (SNPC-CV), Name GeoSAS Ltd. It works close with global partners: UNITAR/UNOSAT, UNSPIDER, UNEDRA. GMES and Africa: Regional Network for in- This project is funded under FP7 and is cur- formation Exchange and Training in Emer- rently ongoing. gencies (GARNET-E) Contact Information Objective Jo Lambert This project aims to address the implementa- GARNET-E Project Manager tion of a sustainable emergency response Infoterra Ltd. service in Africa, using satellite Earth Obser- Europa House, Southwood Crescent, South- vation data. wood, Farnborough, Hampshire, U.K. , GU14 0NL Description Tel: +44 (0)1252 362053 Fax: + 44 (0) 1252 375016 The objective of GARNET-E is to contribute to Email: [email protected] the partial re-alignment of the “GMES Emer- gency Response in Africa” agenda, from technical activities focused purely on risk and 8.1.21 GEO Network for Capacity Building (GEON- poverty reduction and response using Euro- etCab) pean capacities, to those more directed to building sustainable local capacities, leading Name to real wealth creation in Africa. GARNET-E focuses to enable and enhance the ability of GEO Network for Capacity Building (GEONet- African states to use satellite Earth Observa- Cab) tion for the management of natural and man- made humanitarian emergencies and to de- Objectives velop a network of EU and African organisations and African users, in order to build eco- The purpose of the GEO Network for Capacity nomic, technical and commercial capacity Building (GEONetCab) project is to create the within African states, along the priority lines conditions for the improvement and increase

ESPI Report 26 90 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

of the GEO capacity building activities and Contact Information framework, with special emphasis on developing countries, new EU member states (and Mark Noort EU neighbouring states) and climate moni- International Institute for Geo-Information toring, and will serve the bigger goal of im- Science and Earth Observation (ITC) proved effectiveness and efficiency of GEO PO Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, the Nether- capacity building for application in the GEO lands societal benefit areas Tel: +31(0)53 4874 221 Fax: +31(0)53 4874 436 Description E-mail: [email protected] http://www.itc.nl The project will deliver the following output: • Capacity building needs in earth observa- 8.1.22 Geographic Information Support for tion are identified (at a generic and Treatment Programmes (GISA) global level, but with emphasis on the target regions). Name • Specifications for earth observation capacity building are described. Geographic Information Support for Treat- • Resource providers are identified. ment Programmes (GISA) • Sustainable brokerage between stakeholders (including resource providers) is Objectives established. • A mechanism to facilitate cooperation The objective of this project was to study the between stakeholders and providers is potential role of geographic and space tech- established. niques related to HIV/AIDS and ARV issues in • A global base of technical expertise for sub-Saharan Africa. Geographic information education and training in earth observa- systems (GIS) technology makes it feasible tion is established (with emphasis on de- for example to track the HIV epidemic in developing countries, new EU member fined areas. states and climate monitoring). • Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms Description for determining the efficacy of GEO ca- In support of local health centres and hu- pacity building efforts are established. manitarian organisations, precise local map- To achieve maximum impact demonstration ping of AIDS cases, HIV infection and related projects will be carried out in Southern Africa, risk factors can: the French-speaking African region, the • provide demographic and environmental Czech Republic and Poland, with spin-offs to perspectives on the current status of the EU neighbouring countries and Latin America epidemic, and Asia. The project (with a duration of • portray historical and long-term trends, three years) will be carried out by a strong • evaluate the delivery and impact of pre- consortium of partners from the Netherlands, vention and care services, France, South Africa, Morocco, the Czech • test hypotheses on social, political and Republic and Poland, supervised by an advi- environmental determinates of transmis- sory board with worldwide representation and sion, strong connections to GEO. • target outreach efforts to locations where Consortium transmission is likely to be highest. GISA will: Stichting International Institute for Geo- Information Science and Earth Observation, • Support local health centres and work Nl; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Fr ; towards improved information manage- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpe- ment related to the treatment of pa- ment, Fr; Centrum Badan Kosmicznych Pol- tients, reporting with up-to-date informa- ska Akademia Nauk, Pl; Karlova Universita, tion from the geo-spatial context Přírodovědecká Fakulta V Praze, Cz ; Council • Link to ongoing initiatives as well as na- For Scientific And Industrial Research, Za; tional and local authorities Centre Régional Africain des Sciences et Technologies de l'Espace – LF, MA ; Umvoto Consortium Africa pty ltd, ZA. The project is co-funded by In this project ESA, World Health Organiza- EC FP7 Environmental theme. It started in tion (WHO), Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) October 2009 and the duration is 36 months. were involved. UNAIDS, Telecoms Sans Fron-

ESPI Report 26 91 September 2010

tieres (TSF) had an advisory role. This project • Embedding EO and GEONETCast in eve- has been completed. ryday African applications Furthermore, EUMETCast satellite receivers Contact Information are established or upgraded to operational Didier Schmitt status at 4 large marine ecosystem monitor- Email: [email protected] ing services in Ghana, Namibia, Tanzania, http://gisa.web.cern.ch/gisa/en/ Senegal. These 4 marine end-users are supported to embed the marine data they receive into their applications. Additional 8.1.23 GEONETCast applications for and by de- EUMETCast receivers are also built up in 3 veloping countries (DevCoCast) pilot national Desert Locust Centres in Eri- trea, Mali and Sudan, to support UN-FAO′s Name fight against the Desert Locust. GEONETCast applications for and by develop- Consortium ing countries (DevCoCast)39 The project coordination is the Flemish Insti- Objectives tute for Technological Research NV (VITO), Belgium. Partners are the African Centre of The DevCoCast project aims to involve devel- Meteorological Application for Development oping countries in the GEONETCast initiative (ACMAD), Niger; Regional centre for training and is setting up a strong user and provider and operational applications in agrometeorol- base. ogy and hydrology (AGRHYMET), Niger; Food Supply Agency of the Ministry of Agriculture Description (CONAB), Brazil; Centre for Surveying and Assessment of Agriculture and Natural Re- GEONETCast, provides reliable, worldwide sources (CREAN), Argentina; Council for Sci- and continuous access to Earth Observation entific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - information and is a core infrastructure and Meraka Institute, South Africa; Danish Mete- early success of the Global Earth Observation orological Institute (DMI), Denmark; Brazilian System of Systems (GEOSS). DevoCoCast Agricultural Research Corporation aims involve developing countries and ulti- (EMBRAPA), Brazil; European Organisation mately to introduce and embed GEONETCast for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satel- based data in various local and national plan- lites (EUMETSAT), Germany; National Insti- ning and decision-making processes in a sys- tute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil; Na- tematic manner. tional Institute of Agriculture Technology Many developing countries have no reliable (INTA), Argentina; Technology International access to real-time environmental informa- Institute for Geo-Information Science and tion and are exposed to serious environ- Earth Observation (ITC), The Netherlands; mental risks. The GEONETCast concept over- European Commission - DG Joint Research comes existing telecommunication limitations Centre - Institute for Environment and Sus- to provide reliable access to this vital envi- tainability (JRC-IES), Italy; University of ronmental information. Cape Town (UCT), Marine Research Institute (MA-RE), South Africa; Institute Natural Envi- DevCoCast uses GEONETCast to disseminate ronment Research Council (NERC), National existing environmental added-value data Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOCS), (both in-situ and satellite-based) from vari- UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), UK. ous sources in Africa, South and Central This project started on 01/05/2008 with a America, Asia and Europe to a broad range of duration of 36 months and is funded under end-users in developing countries. the FP7 Environment-Group on Earth Obser- This project is building on the work from pre- vations (GEO) theme. vious and ongoing projects like PUMA, AMESD, VGT4AFRICA. Contact Information It will focus on Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV • Sharing cross-cutting Earth Observation Teledetection and Earth Observation (TAP) products, produced by and for African division countries. Boeretang 200BE-2400 Mol, Belgium • Building on African capacity Tel: +32 (0)14 33 55 11 Fax: +32 (0)14 33 55 99 39 http://www.devcocast.eu http://www.eumetsat.int/groups/cps/documents/document/ pdf_br_fs01_en.pdf

ESPI Report 26 92 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

8.1.24 Geo-Spatial Information Analysis for rity dimension of Global Monitoring of En- Global Security and Stability –Information vironment and Security (GMES) policy; Support for Effective and Rapid External Ac- • to improve automatic information extraction (EU) (ISFEREA) tion from VHR satellite data; • to contribute to methodological improve- Name ment for computer-enhanced visuals; • to develop tools for interpretation, image Geo-Spatial Information Analysis for Global information mining and automatic feature Security and Stability – Information Support extraction, patterns; for Effective and Rapid External Action of the • to improve recognition and image under- EU (ISFEREA40) standing using new-generation satellite data including optical and radar new sen- Objectives sors; • to optimise satellite data collection by The aim of Geo-Spatial Information Analysis testing and benchmarking the new gen- for Global Security and Stability (ISFEREA) is eration of satellite sensors in both the op- to provide scientific support to EU external tical and radar domains; relations policies, specifically those concerned • to define new image structural descrip- with international crisis management, and tors based on multi-scale morphological especially the Community Instrument for and textural image characteristics, exten- Stability, the Community Humanitarian Aid sion to spatially uncertain reasoning; Instrument, the Community Action Plan on • to improve automatic image matching Disaster Risk Reduction Initiative, the Com- procedures and 3D volumetric informa- munity Action Plan on Reinforcing the Union's tion extraction; disaster response capacity, and the external • to define, implement and test new infer- security dimension of Global Monitoring of ential engines able to handle spatial un- Environment and Security (GMES) policy. certainty for integrating different partially non-consistent geo-information sources Description in the final assessment, as satellite VHR images for multi-temporal change detec- ISFEREA supports the Strategy of the Global tion; Security and Crisis Management Unit of JRC • to study the neuro-cognitive processes in risk reduction, prevention, crisis prepared- involved in satellite image data interpre- ness and crisis response and recovery (re- tation tasks and improvement of the pos- construction). In the future ISFEREA will de- sibility to integrate them by machine velop methodologies focusing on newly- learning processes; defined and further improved procedures • to foster scientific collaboration with high- based on textural and morphological process- level European and international research ing, and multi-temporal description by multi- centres involved in similar topics by source comparison (archived satellite images, means of results oriented bilateral existent cartography). agreements and activities including the The specific relation of this project with Africa implementation of shared experiments, can be found in its contribution in the devel- building of shared reference datasets for opment of the GMES and Africa Action Plan testing and validation of new algorithms 2008-2010 in international crisis manage- and systems, organisation of thematic ment, in risk reduction, prevention and crisis workshops, exchange of senior research- preparedness. ers and coordination of PhD and post-doc activities to activate synergies and share Its objectives are: newly-developed tools and systems; • to provide scientific support to EU exter- • to improve image data processing sys- nal relations policies, specifically those tems, spatial data infrastructure, and the concerned with international crisis man- validation protocol and digital map pro- agement, and especially the Community duction; Instrument for Stability, the Community • to develop a Global Crisis Atlas; procure- Humanitarian Aid Instrument, the Com- ment, processing and standardisation of munity Action Plan on Disaster Risk Re- global continental and regional datasets duction Initiative, the Community Action within a GIS framework; Plan on Reinforcing the Union's disaster • to support crisis risk assessment in policy response capacity, and the external secu- areas like Disaster Risk Reduction, Crisis Preparedness capability through content information at the local scale (at city or 40 http://.jrc.ec.europa.eu/jpb_public/act/publicsimplesearch.h settlement, high information input), local tml?activityId=2195&viewAll=N&searchtext=Africa, satel- city scale earth observation EO based in- lite&wpId=100&yearSearch=100 formation and regional scale remote

ESPI Report 26 93 September 2010

sensing only for crisis hotspots with the Bank; CEODE CAS - Chinese Academy of aim to test a global approach for assess- Sciences, Center for Earth Observation and ing the element at risk focusing on the Digital Earth. This project is funded by the building stock and population; European Commission and is currently ongo- • to quantify potential losses for well de- ing. fined hazardous events in two research components; extraction of built-up stock Contact Information and definition of the vulnerability of the built-up stock; Mr. Martino Pesaresi, leader • to model in a GIS context crisis risk Email: [email protected] based on hazard events, built-up stock http://isferea.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ and its vulnerability, based on the results of satellite data and GIS in the analysis of 8.1.25 Global Forest Resource Monitoring – crisis risk for both local decision mak- TREES-3 ers/policy makers; • to monitor temporal changes in the built- up stock to quantify the increased crisis Name risk due to urban sprawl especially when Global Forest Resource Monitoring – TREES-3 related to informal and vulnerable settlements; Objectives • to develop regional built-up layers focusing on high risk, hazard, prone areas; The Global Forest Resource Monitoring – • to support human settlement analysis in TREES-3 aims is to have an overview on de- policy areas like disaster Risk Reduction; forestation in a global perspective, focused • to improve crisis preparedness capability on Tropics and Eurasia forest and boreal ar- by information about (e.g. villages, cities) eas. and informal settlements (e.g. slums, refugee/IDP camps); Description • to focus on developing information layers on built-up areas including location and Changes in forest resources is one of the characterisation of settlements from sat- relevant EU policies related to global envi- ellite data and geo-spatial analysis; ronmental and forestry issues. TREE-3 maps • to support post-disaster damage assess- and measures these changes inforest and ment for needs assessment/recovery boreal resources in Eurasia and Caribbean planning and reconstruction monitoring and Pacific regions. Policy areas; The objectives are: • to support conflict resources monitoring • To continue the development of a system and conflict risk modelling. for documenting forest cover changes in the Tropics and boreal Eurasia. Particular Consortium emphasis will be placed on the finalisa- tion of a semi-automatic processing The project is run by JRC.DG.G Institute for chain for producing forest cover change the Protection and Security of the Citizen, maps from Landsat-type imagery for Ispra (Italie). European Partners are: ESA - tropical forests ecosystems and on the European Space Agency; EUSC - European feasibility of acquisition of a satellite im- Union Satellite Centre European Partners; agery database for the year 2010. This is COC - Competence Centre in Information performed in the framework of the TREE- Extraction and Image Understanding for 3 in collaboration with the UN-FAO, and Earth Observation; TRSL PV - University of MONDE and FOREST Actions (methodol- Pavia, Department of Electronics, Telecom- ogy). munication & Remote Sensing Laboratory; • To estimate forest cover changes in RETINA - Bilkent University, Department of tropical regions (South & Central Amer- Computer Engineering, RETINA Vision and ica, Africa and South East Asia). This Learning Group; RSLab - University of Trento, project is performed in the framework of Department of Information Engineering and TREE-3 in contribution to JRC's sub- Computer Science, Remote Sensing Labora- Priority Area "Climate Change" and in tory. The following institutions are involved: collaboration with UN-FAO and MONDE UN OCHA - United Nations, Office for the Action (methodology). coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; UN DP - • To organise validation workshops at JRC, United Nations, Development Programme; UN Ispra or in tropical countries for the es- HABITAT - United Nations, Human Settlement timation of forest cover changes in tropi- Programme; UN DPKO - United Nations, cal regions. This project runs in collabo- Peacekeeping Operations; UN SC - United ration with UN-FAO and MONDE action Nations, Security Council; WB - The World

ESPI Report 26 94 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

and aims to aid in the framework Com- tion with the MONDE Action. Contribution mission project "Support to the Global to the Thematic Programme "Africa Car- Forest Resources Assessment Process" ibbean Pacific Observatory" (DG-AIDCO). • To provide scientific and technical sup- • To support FAO in the implementation of port concerning deforestation, carbon a series of sub-regional workshops, in emissions from deforestation and sus- which national counterparts will be tainable forest management to Commis- trained on land use change assessment. sion DGs and delegations dealing with in- This is performed in the framework of ternational environmental conventions TREE-3 and in collaboration with the UN- and agreements, in particular as a fol- FAO and MONDE Action and in the low-up to EC Communication on defores- framework of Support to the Commission tation issued in October 2008,in collabo- project "Support to the Global Forest Re- ration with JRC-IES GHG-AFOLU Action. sources Assessment Process" (DG- This project is run in contribution to the AIDCO). JRC's sub-Priority Area "Climate Change" • to develop a data distribution mecha- and the Thematic Programme "ACP Ob- nism, allowing the provision of the data servatory" (Global Climate Change Alli- to FAO for its network of national part- ance) ners. This project is run in collaboration with the UN-FAO and MONDE Action and Consortium in the framework of Support to Commis- sion project "Support to the Global Forest This project is coordinated by JRC.DDG.H Resources Assessment Process" (DG- Institute for environment and sustainability, AIDCO). Ispra (Italy) and is currently ongoing. • To link through a Web interface TREES-3 forest change interpretations to other Contact Information global forest data sets, e.g. in-situ forest Mr. Frederic Achard measurements from the FAO National Email: [email protected] Forest Monitoring and Assessment. This is performed in the framework of TREE 3 in collaboration with the JRC-IES FOREST 8.1.26 Global Ocean Observing System in Africa and MONDE actions and in the frame- (GOOS-AFRICA) work of the EuroGEOSS project. • To extend the thematic analysis of the Name database of the radar satellite mosaic at 50 m resolution from the Advanced Land Global Ocean Observing System in Africa Observing Satellite (ALOS) over Sub- (GOOS-AFRICA) Saharan Africa using the sample site results of land cover assessments from the Objectives JRC-IES MONDE Action. This project is run in collaboration with the MONDE Ac- The GOOS affords a global view of the ocean tion and in the framework of the collabo- system and the support of operational ser- rative agreement with the Japanese vices worldwide by observation, modelling 41 Space Agency (JAXA). and analysis of marine and ocean areas and • To develop a method for forest cover also the establishment of the Regional Ocean 42 change assessment in the Tropics from Observing and Forecasting System in Africa. the integration of recent medium resolution satellite data from radar sensors Description (e.g. ALOS PALSAR mosaics at 50 m As part of the GEOSS, the Global Earth Ob- resolution) with historical satellite data serving System of Systems, the UN and from optical sensors (e.g. Landsat-type UNESCO governing bodies have ensured that of data). international cooperation takes up the first • To refine knowledge on the evolution of priority of GOOS- Africa.43 In order to have a forest resources in Central Africa. global view of the ocean system by observa- • To contribute to the sub-Priority Area "Climate Change" (deliverable 11.1) and the Thematic Programme "Africa Carib- 41 http://www.ioc- bean Pacific Observatory" (deliverable goos.org/component/option,com_oe/task,viewGroupRecor 11.2). This project is run in the frame- d/groupID,39/ 42 work of support to the Commission pro- http://www.ioc- ject "FORAF" (DG-AIDCO). goos.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocument Record&docID=2737 • To contribute to the Forest Carbon Track- 43 http://www.ioc- ing task of GEO (Group on Earth Obser- goos.org/component/option,com_oe/task,viewGroupRecor vation). This project is run in collabora- d/groupID,39/

ESPI Report 26 95 September 2010

tion and the support of operational ocean Global Ocean Observing System, services, modelling and analysis of marine Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commis- and ocean areas, GOOS Africa presents accu- sion rate description of the state of the “oceans, 1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France including living resources, continuous fore- Tel: +33 (0)1 45 68 40 42 casts of the future conditions of the sea for Email: [email protected] as far ahead as possible, and the basis for forecasts of climate change.”44 Additionally, through the establishment of the Regional 8.1.27 GMES Space Component Ocean Observing and Forecasting System in Africa, GOOS Africa can contribute to the Name sustainable use and protection of its marine GMES Space Component and coastal environments and the activation of an improved management of the impacts of climate change. To reach these goals, Objectives GOOS Africa has a system of programmes The provision of Earth-observation data to and platforms. The programmes are designed turn into services for monitoring the envi- to serve oceanographic researchers, coastal ronment and supporting civil security exer- managers, parties to international conven- cises. tions, national meteorological and oceanographic agencies, hydrographic offices, ma- Description rine and coastal industries, policy makers and the interested general public in the following The GMES Space Component comprises five activities: monitor, understand and predict types of new satellites called Sentinels that weather and climate; describe and forecast are being developed by ESA specifically to the state of the ocean, including living re- meet the needs of GMES, so-called Contribut- sources; improve management of marine and ing Missions and the associated Ground Seg- coastal ecosystems and resources; mitigate ment infrastructure. damage from natural hazards and pollution; All the dedicated Sentinels, Contributing Mis- protect life and property on coasts and at sions and Ground Segment infrastructure will sea; enable scientific research. The pro- be part of the overall GMES Space Compo- grammes include “different and complemen- nent architecture managed by ESA. ESA is tary aspects of establishing an operational therefore responsible for establishing a ocean observation capability for all of the mechanism to integrate, harmonise and co- world's nations.”45 ordinate access to all the relevant data from the multitude of missions contributing to Consortium GMES. This is carried out in close cooperation Member states through government agen- with national space agencies, EUMETSAT and, cies, navies and oceanographic research in- where relevant, with owners of non-European stitutions working together in a wide range of missions contributing to the GMES objectives. thematic panels and regional alliances. The The Sentinel missions include radar and su- funding for this project some from IOC, per-spectral imaging for land, ocean and at- UNEP, WMO and ICSU and GOSS-Africa is mospheric monitoring. The first three Senti- currently ongoing. nels are currently under industrial development, with Sentinel-1 planned to launch in Contact Information 2012. Mr. Geoff Brundrit (GOOS-AFRICA Chairman) When identifying the necessary elements to Oceanography Department provide GMES services to Africa, the following University of Cape Town thematic areas aspects should be specifically Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700 evaluated: Cape Town, South Africa Tel: +27 (21) 650 3278 • Capacity building framework for GMES Fax: + 27 (21) 650 3979 and Africa Email: [email protected] • Policy and institutional framework for GMES and Africa Mr. Keith Alverson • Infrastructure framework for GMES and Africa • Thematic framework for GMES and Africa 44 http://www.ioc- • Natural disasters goos.org/component/option,com_oe/task,viewGroupRecor d/groupID,39/ • Food security and rural development 45 http://www.ioc- • Long-term management of natural re- goos.org/component/option,com_oe/task,viewGroupRecor sources d/groupID,39/

ESPI Report 26 96 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

• Water resource management Consortium • Impacts of climate variability and change • Marine and coastal areas The prime contractor for this project is Noetix • Conflicts and political crises Research Inc. (Ontario, Canada) and the • Infrastructures and territorial develop- partners are C-Core (Canada) and the Kenya ment Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). This project is funded by the European Space Consortium Agency and the Canadian Space Agency. The European Space Agency is the coordina- Contact Information tor and actors involved are ASI, BNSC, CDTI, CNES, CSA, DLR Applied Remote Sensing Diego Fernandez Cluster, EC, EUMETSAT. The funding is pro- Email: [email protected] vided by the European Commission and the Tom Hirose project is currently ongoing. Email: [email protected] Contact Information 8.1.29 Information Society Technologies-IST- Josef Aschbacher Africa (2010-2011) Head, GMES Space Office ESA ESRIN, Frascati/Italy Name Email: [email protected] Information Society Technologies-IST-Africa http://www.gmes.info (2010-2011) 8.1.28 Identifying Natural Mosquito Habitats Objectives IST-Africa aims at supporting the 8th Africa- Name EU Strategic Partnership regarding Informa- Identifying Natural Mosquito Habitats tion Society Technologies. Objectives Description The objectives are the development and IST-Africa is supported by the European demonstration of EO Technology for Identify- Commission under FP6 and FP7, IST-Africa ing Natural Mosquito Habitats and Predicting (Regional Impact of Information Society Malaria Risk in Africa. Technologies in Africa) is a multi-stakeholder initiative focused on: Description • Supporting JEG8 Activities and Imple- mentation of the 8th Africa-EU Strategic The project is part of Kenya's National Ma- Partnership laria Control Program that involves an inter- • Skills Transfer to Support Research Ca- disciplinary team in insect ecology, human pacity Building & STI Development in Af- health and tropical diseases, and ecologists. rica The objectives of this project are to provide • Community building to support EU- detailed maps, monitor changes to mosquito African Research Cooperation. habitats (wetlands), and develop malaria risk maps using data on topography, larva ecol- Like other regional initiatives, IST-Africa fo- ogy, human health, households, and habitats. cuses on capacity building by organising con- This information will be an integral part of an ferences and training of workshop partici- overall larva-control strategy to identify lar- pants on eHealth, eLearning, and eGovern- vicide-application practices that would reduce ment projects. IST-Africa is open to interna- the mosquito population. tional collaboration particularly with the EU, and is interested in having space projects. Detailed space-based data on wetlands and mosquito control are not available for the region but can be obtained for reasonable Consortium cost by high-resolution Earth-observation The coordinator of the project is IIMC Inter- sensors. Data acquired over time can monitor national Information Management Corpora- the change and provide a more accurate re- tion Limited ("IIMC", Ireland). Partners are source map. Continuous cloud cover during the Department of Science and Technology wet seasons and the cumulus clouds caused (South Africa); Ministry of Communications, by heat during the dry season means that an Science and Technology (Botswana); Ministry all-weather satellite with high spatial resolu- of Communications, Science and Technology tion modes, like RADARSAT, will provide a (Lesotho); ICT Policy Implementation Techni- reliable source of multi-temporal imagery.

ESPI Report 26 97 September 2010

cal Unit (Mozambique); Ministry of Education As part of the IWAREMA (Integrated Water (Namibia); National Computer Board (Mauri- Resource management for Zambia) project, tius); COSTECH - Tanzania Commission for funded through ESA’s Data User Element, Science and Technology; Uganda National data from ESA’s multispectral MERIS sensor Council for Science and Technology; Ministry aboard Envisat was used to create maps de- of Higher Education, Science and Technology picting existing water resources, suitable dam (Kenya); Ministere de l'Enseignement Su- locations and land cover. The project is car- perieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Bu- ried out by the Belgium Company GIM (Geo- rundi); Ministry in President's Office in charge graphic Information Management) in partner- of Information and Communication Technol- ship with the University of Zambia and the ogy (Rwanda); Agence Nationale des Tech- Zambian water authorities. nologies de l'Information et de la Communi- cation (Cameroon); Ministère de la Recherche Consortium Scientifique (Senegal) and Ministry of Com- munications and Information Technology This project is conducted under the European (Egypt). IST-Africa is currently funded under Space Agency and the Zambian Water Au- FP7 but has also been running under FP6 thorities. before. Contact Contact Information [email protected] Paul Cunningham / President/CEO/IST-Africa Initiative Coordinator 8.1.31 Integrating Morocco in the European Re- IIMC International Information Management search Area (M2ERA) Corporation Limited 13 Docklands Innovation Park, 128 East Wall Road, Dublin 3, Ireland Name Tel: +353-1-8170607 Integrating Morocco in the European Re- Fax: +353-1-8170606 search Area (M2ERA) Email: [email protected] http://www.ist-africa.org/home/ Objectives The M2ERA project aims to reinforce the S&T 8.1.30 Integrated Water Resource management cooperation and partnership between Mo- for Zambia (IWAREMA) rocco and Europe in order to foster the integration of Morocco into the European Re- Name search Area. Integrated Water Resource management for Zambia (IWAREMA) Description The activities foreseen in this project will Objectives complement previous initiatives implemented at the regional level, such as ERA-MED IWAREMA is aiming at generating a variety of (Strengthening the European Research Area environmental maps to provide local policy in Mediterranean Countries) and MIRA (Medi- makers with the necessary tools for effective terranean Innovation and Research Coordina- water resource management. tion Action). They will target the specific needs of Morocco, such as supporting capac- Description ity building, promoting partnership and rein- Zambian water authorities are integrating forcing policy dialogue. The activities planned information based on satellite imagery to within M2ERA project include: alleviate water shortages. Due to inadequate • Study of Moroccan-European S&T coop- information many water-related problems are eration. faced. The IWAREMA project is an ESA pro- • Capacity building for implementing the- ject which focuses on generating a variety of matic National Contact Point (NCPs) environmental maps to provide local policy • Promotion of partnership between Europe makers with the necessary tools for effective and Morocco water resource management. • Implementation and dissemination activi- IWAREMA was one of the projects initiated ties under ESA’s TIGER initiative, launched in 2002 to assist African countries to overcome Consortium water-related problems and to bridge Africa's For this project the following entities are in- water information gap using satellite data. volved: Association Research and Develop-

ESPI Report 26 98 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

ment (R&D) Morocco (R&D, Morocco); Minis- Tel.: +254 20 860654 or 803320/2/9 try of Higher Education and Scientific Re- Fax: +254 20 861673 or 802767 search (MENESFCRS, Morocco); National Email: [email protected] or Centre for Scientific and Technological Re- [email protected] search (CNRST, Morocco); Aster S.C.P.A. Web: http://www.rcmrd.org (Aster, Italy); Open University of the Mediter- Dozie Ezigbalike ranean Region (TETHYS, France); CIRPS Senior Geographic Information Systems Offi- Consortium (CIRPS, Italy). This project cer, DISD started on 01/12/2008 for a duration of 36 Knowledge Management Coordinator, ISP months and is funded under EC FP7 Capaci- UN Economic Commission for Africa P.O. Box ties. 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +251-1-51-02-75 or +251-1-44-45-69 Contact Information Fax: +251-1-51-05-12 Email: [email protected] Mohamed Smani Tel: +212 5 22 22 44 66 Email: [email protected] 8.1.33 ITU Projects http://www.pin.edunet.ma/m2era.php In line with the C7 line of Action of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), 8.1.32 International Boundary Information Sys- ITU implemented different projects in the tem (UNIBIS) project. African continent that would make use of telecommunications infrastructure. Name These include the e-government projects in Benin, Burkina Faso, and Cameroon, and e- International Boundary Information System health projects in Zambia, Senegal, Mozam- (UNIBIS) project. bique, Mauritania, Lesotho, Kenya, and Objectives Ethiopia. The UNIBIS objective is the creation and the Contact Information maintenance of a worldwide geodatabase on Mr Souheil Marine, Head ICT Applications and international boundaries, including Africa. Cybersecurity Division ITU Tel: +41 22 730 5323 Description Fax: +41 22 730 5484. Under the UNIBIS project a geodatabase is Email: [email protected]. being created. This database collects geome- http://www.itu.int/ITU-/cyb/app/projects/afr/ try, status, claims, dates of treaty agreements, and reference materials for interna- 8.1.34 Land Degradation Assessment in Dry- tional frontiers. The use of authoritative sources of information, such as treaty maps, lands project (LADA) coordinates, rulings, treaty text, and inter- preted satellite imagery is included in the Name UNIBIS in consultation with other interna- Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands tional experts on boundaries. Thereby poten- project (LADA) tial conflicts can be discovered and UNIBIS assists the state on conflict prevention activi- Objectives ties and readiness for assistance on boundary demarcation issues. The Land Degradation Assessment in Dry- lands project (LADA) is focused on the crea- Consortium tion of a basis for informed policy advice on land degradation at the global, national and This project is funded by the United Nations local level. and various UN entities are involved. This project is currently ongoing. Description Contact Information To achieve this target, LADA used the assessment of land degradation at different Dr. Wilber Ottichilo spatial and temporal scales and the creation Director General of a baseline at global level for future moni- Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for toring by applying a variety of technologies, Development from satellite images to digital databases to Kasarani Road, PO BOX 18118 -00500, soil and vegetation sampling, linked with Enterprise Road, Nairobi, Kenya biophysical and socio-economic issues. This

ESPI Report 26 99 September 2010

assessment of LADA could be only realised by • cost efficient monitoring tools designed the definition and mapping of different Land for poorly monitored volcanoes (satellite Use Systems, the involvement of stake- & gas analysis & volcano-seismology) holders at all levels and contributive ap- • improvement in terms of vulnerability proaches, expert consultations and capacity assessment (people, buildings and bio- building. LADA projects were set up in Sene- sphere) gal and in South Africa. • socio-economic surveys to enhance community resilience Consortium • integrated information system (data organisation and transfers, communica- This project is funded by the Global Environ- tions) taking advantage of GEONETCast ment Fund (GEF). The FAO and UNEP are initiative Results will be achieved with involved in this project which is due to be help from local scientists and stake- completed by the end of 2010. holders in Africa (Cameroon, Cape Verde), in Asia (Indonesia, Philippines) Contact Information and will be validated on a European volcano (Montserrat). The objectives will be Email: [email protected] reached through sharing/transfer of know-how, through scientific and techno- 8.1.35 Mitigate and Assess Risk from Volcanic logical developments, and through dis- Impact on Terrain and Human Activities semination/training. (MIA-VITA) Consortium Name The consortium of the project is: Bureau de Mitigate and assess risk from volcanic impact Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM), on terrain and human activities (MIA-VITA) France; Institute Nationale Geophysica Vol- canologia (INGV), Italy; Instituto Superior Objectives Tecnico (IST), Portugal; Laboratoire de Géographie Physique (CNRS), France; Nor- Following UN International Strategy for Dis- wegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), aster Reduction recommendations and start- Norway; KELL, Italy; Instituto de Engenharia ing from shared existing knowledge and prac- de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e tices, the MIA-VITA project aims at develop- Desenvolvimento (INESC-ID), Portugal; ing tools and integrated cost effective meth- Hohenheim University, Germany; University odologies to mitigate risks from various of Cambridge, United Kingdom; French Civil hazards on active volcanoes (prevention, Defence (DDSC), France; Italian Civil Defence crisis management and recovering). (DPCI), Italy; National Meteorological and Geophysical Institute (INMG ), Cape Verde; Description Ministry of Industry, Mines and Technological Development (MINIMIDT), Cameroon; Center In EU countries, volcanic risks assessment for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitiga- and management are tackled through scien- tion (CVGHM), Indonesia; Philippine Institute tific knowledge and monitoring, although of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), there is still a need for integration between Philippines. This project is funded under the all risk management components. For inter- EC FP7 Environmental theme. It started on national cooperation partner countries 01/10/2008 and is expected to run for 48 (ICPCs), the risk management depends on months. local situations but is often less favourable. The methodology will be designed for ICPC Contact Information contexts but will be helpful for European Pierre Thierry stakeholders to improve their experience in Bureau De Recherches Geologique et Minieres volcanic risk management. The project mul- (BRGM) tidisciplinary team gathers civil defence Quai Andre Citroen - Tour Mirabeau agencies, scientific teams (earth sciences, Paris, France social sciences, building, soil, agriculture, Tel: +33-2-38643264 Information Technologies and telecommuni- Fax: +33-2-38643689 cations) and an IT private company. The sci- http://miavita.brgm.fr/default.aspx entific work will focus on: • risk assessment methodology based on a multi-risk approach developed at Mt Cameroon by one of the partners in cooperation with Cameroonian institutions

ESPI Report 26 100 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

8.1.36 MOnitoring Natural resources for DEvel- with international organisations such as the opment Co-operation (MONDE) African Union Commission and several UN bodies (e.g. UNEP and FAO). Name Contact Information MOnitoring Natural resources for DEvelop- ment Co-operation (MONDE) Mr. Andreas Brink Email: [email protected] Objectives http://gem.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php/pages /MonitoringNaturalResourcesinAfrica/1 The establishment of dedicated monitoring techniques for promoting the sustainable management of natural resources in African, 8.1.37 Moroto High School Telecentre Project Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) countries is the main target of MOnitoring Name Natural resources for DEvelopment Co- Moroto High School Telecentre Project operation - MONDE. Description Objective Providing broadband access to the Moroto Water, forests, agricultural/grazing land, region of Uganda for teleducation and tele- coastal resources and their biological diver- medicine. sity have high economic and social value. Dynamic information on the location, condi- tion and evolution of environmental resources Description is needed for Europe (both the EU and its In Uganda’s rural communities like most Member States) to properly define, target, parts of Africa, there is general lack of basic deliver and evaluate its development Aid ICT infrastructure. By the end of 1998, Multi- strategies and programmes. African coun- purpose Community Telecenters (MCT) pilot tries' decision-makers in national govern- projects had been launched with the support ments and regional organisations need ready- of IDRC/ITU/UNESCO at three different sites to-use information on environment on which in Uganda. The broad mission of the MCTs to base appropriate policy responses. was to study the efficacy of use of ICTs to The overall objectives of the monitoring of promote rural community development. natural resources in Africa are: Consortium • to improve the knowledge of natural resources dynamics, availability and trends This project is run with the World Bank in- and their correlation with the economies volvement. The project contributors are Edu- of beneficiary countries and livelihoods; cation Program of the World Bank Institute • to contribute to the ACP Observatory for World Links, Bill and Melinda Gates Founda- Sustainable Development which is being tion, Uganda Ministry of Education and built by the European Commission Ser- Sports, Schools On-line, and participating vices and the ACP Countries and Re- schools in Uganda and Zimbabwe. The fund- gions. ing is provided by World Bank's Energy for Rural Transformation (ERT) program working Consortium in conjunction with WorLD and World Links. The JRC.DDG.H Institute for environment and Contact Information sustainability, Ispra (Italie) is coordinating the efforts for this project. Active collabora- Mr. Meddie Mayanja tion in Europe with scientific institutions in Email: [email protected], the EU Member states (e.g. the Royal Society or [email protected] for Protection of Birds in UK, the IRD and CIRAD in France, the Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium, the CNR in Italy). Col- 8.1.38 New Technologies to Avoid Digital Divi- laboration outside of Europe with institutions sion in e-Divided areas (Net-ADDeD) from two African regions for the terrestrial part (the COMIFAC in Central Africa or the Name AGRHYMET centre in West Africa); with New Technologies to Avoid Digital Division in Southern Africa for the marine activities and e-Divided areas (Net-ADDeD) national institutions in Africa (the Centre de Suivi Ecologique in Senegal or the University of Cape Town in South Africa). Collaboration

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Objectives Consortium NeT-ADDeD aims at developing and validat- The coordinator for this project is Astrium ing technical features for improved perform- SAS, France. Partners involved are: CNES, ance of operation of hybrid satellite-wireless France; Cemagref, France; Université Blaise- technologies, in line with the growing de- Pascal, France; Sabanci University, Turkey; mand for broadband communication within Telemedicine Technologies SA, France; Min- the ‘International Cooperation’ (INCO) coun- istère de l'Industrie, du Commerce et des tries, as well as with their evolution in Nouvelles Technologies, Département de la Europe. Poste des Télécommunications et des Tech- nologies de l’Information, Morocco; Groupe- Description ment des Retraités Educateurs sans Fron- tières, France; Université Médicale Virtuelle The following axes contribute to improved Francophone, France; Istanbul Medical Fac- conditions for use of the hybrid satellite- ulty – Istanbul University, Turkey; Faculté de wireless technologies: Médicine et de Pharmacie – Université Hassan • The specification, implementation and II, Morocco; FORTHnet SA, Greece ; Con- validation of self-installation processes nected Schools, France. This project started usable by customers; on 01/04/2007 with duration of 24 months. • The implementation of compact trans- The project was funded under EC FP6. portable terminals, easy to deploy and adapt to the conditions in the INCO Contact Information countries; María Zapata Margelí • The development and validation of re- EADS ASTRIUM mote satellite control capabilities for re- Telecom Systems Department duction of operating costs; Telecommunications Business Development • The development and validation of 31 Rue des Cosmonautes mechanisms of service differentiation on 31402 Toulouse Cedex 4, France the satellite component. Tel: +33 5 62 19 94 59 The above features were validated under real Fax: +33 5 62 19 94 94 conditions in more than ten validation sites in Email: [email protected] North and Central Africa (Morocco, Burkina http://www.netadded-project.eu Faso, Benin), Turkey, Cambodia and Europe, which were selected with the support of national and regional public authorities. The 8.1.39 Quantification, understanding and predic- sites correspond to different profiles of rural tion of carbon cycle, and other GHG gases, communities and cover domains, such as in sub-Saharan Africa (CARBOAFRICA ) healthcare, education, agriculture, tourism, corporate and residential services. Name NeT-ADDeD contributes in the e-Learning Quantification, understanding and prediction efforts in Africa. It provides innovative appli- of carbon cycle, and other GHG gases, in cations that meet the specific requirements of sub-Saharan Africa (CARBOAFRICA) rural user communities in specific countries. Project activities in Central Africa aim at sus- Objectives taining two main e-learning actions: basic education for illiterate populations in the The CARBOAFRICA network develops and most isolated areas of Burkina Faso and spe- strengths the enhancement of an Earth ob- cific medical training in Benin. For this, the servations system, the capacity building ac- Groupement des Retraités Educateurs sans tivities of Europe to understand global change Frontières (GREF) is working on the devel- process and the promotion of the integration opment of specific contents for alphabetiza- of the environmental dimension in the social tion and improving socio-economical activity and economic context by supporting Sub- dedicated to the rural communities. Further- Saharan African countries on the path of a more, the Université Médicale Virtuelle Fran- sustainable development. cophone (UMVF), an institutional medical training organisation, is adapting French Description medical university content to African condi- CARBOAFRICA aimed to reach its target by tions (hygiene, prevention of venereal dis- the establishment for the first time of a GHG eases, nutritional education, public health, fluxes monitoring network in Africa. etc.). The network has been implemented to quantify, to understand and to predict greenhouse

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gas emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa by a for Cameroon, Senegal and Togo, which can multi-disciplinary integrated approach and be used for efficient decision making and the associated spatial and temporal variability. production of a software platform consisting For the network, CARBOAFRICA used and of satellite remote sensing, a database of expanded carbon observing systems and urban space-maps in digital format and hard established new infrastructures, improving copies of updated space maps of a number of the required monitoring systems such as geo- target towns. spatial data sets and metadata systems. CARBOAFRICA specific objectives are: Description • to consolidate and expand the terrestrial The remote detection contribution for update carbon and other GHG fluxes monitoring of urban maps in sub-Saharan Africa project network of sub-Saharan Africa; is part of the ARAPKE Action Plan and it • to provide an analysis of the require- works in partnership and in cooperation with ments in order to establish a terrestrial African governments. The software platform GHG monitoring system for sub-Saharan is subdivided into three parts: „the develop- Africa; ment of urban maps”, “consultation of urban • to understand, quantify and predict the cartography”, and “the updating of urban GHG budget of sub-Saharan Africa and maps”. The remote detection contribution for its associated spatial and temporal vari- update of urban maps in sub-Saharan Africa ability; project fulfils the project by setting the fol- • to assess the current land use change lowing objectives: to acquire and process and evaluate the potential for carbon se- images for the setting up of the initial data- questration in sub-Saharan Africa in the base; to digitalise old maps on 14 sites; to context inter alia of the Kyoto Protocol. produce initial spatio-maps cities; to implement maps on test zones with geo referenc- Consortium ing, classification of specific entities, extract- ing useful geographical information (commu- The consortium consists of 15 European and nication methods, land demarcation limits, African organisations: University of Tuscia integration into the test zones). (IT), Max Planck Institute - BGC (DE), Lund University (SE), FAO, GTOS programme (In- Consortium ternational), CIRAD (FR), NERC-CEH (UK), CNR-IBIMET (IT), IAO (IT), 2nd University of Partners are National superior school of tech- Naples (IT), CSIR (ZA), UR2PI (CG), ARC nology of Yaounde, University of Yaounde I (SD), CEA-LSCE (FR), King's College of Lon- (Cameroon), Polytechnique school of France- don (UK), University of Leicester (UK) Ville, University Marien Ngouabi, University of Bangui, CFA - STEPHENSON Contact Information Contact Information Mr. Dario PAPALE Department of Forest Science and Environ- Professeur Emmanuel TONYE, ment (DISAFRI), Laboratoire d’Electronique et de traitement University of Tuscia du signal via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Département des Génies Electrique et des Tel: +39 0761 357251 Télécommunications Fax: +39 0761 357389 Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique Email: [email protected] Université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 8390 Yaoundé http://www.carboafrica.net/objectives_en.as Cameroun. p Tel: +237 222-45-47 +237 994-47-53 Fax: +237 222-45-47 8.1.40 Remote detection contribution for update Email: [email protected] of urban maps in sub-Saharan Africa www.lets.africa-web.org Name 8.1.41 Rural Multipurpose Community Telecen- Remote detection contribution for update of tres Pilot Projects in Africa urban maps in sub-Saharan Africa Name Objectives Rural Multipurpose Community Telecentres The remote detection contribution for update Pilot Projects in Africa of urban maps in sub-Saharan Africa project goal lies in the development of urban maps

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Objectives ing thematic networks developed at national, regional or continental levels. The purpose is to try out and test new technologies and applications, and to demon- Consortium strate the economic, social and cultural development impact of provision of such tools Thales Alenia Space France (France), Geosat to populations in rural and remote areas. Technology SARL (France), GAF AG (Ger- many), Agence Nationale De La Meteorologie Description Du Senegal (Senegal), Bureau National d’Etudes Techniques et de Développement / The telecentres will offer low-cost means of Centre de Cartographie et de Télédétection providing library services through the provi- (Cote d’Ivoire), INAM (National Institute of sion of access to national and worldwide elec- Meteorology) (Mozambique), Ghana Meteoro- tronic information banks as well as providing logical Agency (Ghana), Agence Nationale de information support for literacy campaigns, l’Aviation Civile (Republique du Congo), Co- basic and non-formal education, information mafrique (Ivory Coast). This project is cur- on government programmes, etc. They will rently ongoing. also provide facilities for the generation and exchange of community-based information. Contact Information Consortium Jean-Paul Raoust Thales Alenia Space France, France This project is conducted under UNESCO with Tel: +33 (0)4 92 92 77 01 the involvement of ITU, IDRC, and African Email:[email protected] Information Society Initiative (AISI) pro- m gramme. Contact Information 8.1.43 SCenarios for Hazard Emergency Man- agement (SCHEMA) J. Rose Email: [email protected] http://www.unesco.org/webworld/telematics/ Name telecentre.htm SCenarios for Hazard Emergency Manage- ment (SCHEMA) 8.1.42 Support Action to GMES-Africa on Earth Observation (SAGA-EO) Objectives The SCHEMA project explores the use of Project earth observation techniques to elaborate a generic method helping experts in building Support Action to GMES-Africa on Earth Ob- vulnerability and hazard impact maps associ- servation (SAGA-EO) ated with tsunamis and disaster scenarios. Objectives Description The objective of SAGE-EO is to study an or- The vulnerability map creation technique ganisational model and its associated tech- takes into account the vulnerability charac- nology, and to prove a concept is viable for teristics of the systems facing a hazard Earth Observation (EO) in five African coun- (types of buildings, categories of inhabitants, tries. etc.), of the environment (location of buildings in old areas, access conditions, etc.) and Description of crisis organisations that support efficient In order to strengthen the foundations of rescue operations. GMES in Africa, SAGA-EO is a comprehensive The hazard scenario prepared by SCHEMA will feasibility study focusing on the drafting of be reviewed by end-users and stakeholders in one dimension of possible future framework countries recently impacted by coupled for African GMES. The SAGA-EO’s target is earthquake-tsunami events. bridge the gab that there is no project that tackles the EO field as a global approach. In The resulting work flow will be embedded order to implement capacity building is to set within existing hazard and exposure analysis up dedicated EO networks of users belonging techniques to provide risk evaluation of tsu- to the same African Country and link them nami and related phenomena. together with existing initiatives in Africa and The project goal has been split into six sub- in Europe. The African national EO user net- objectives: work in each country will contribute in build-

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• To draw, from the recent Asian tsunami This is possible through the working platform post disaster studies, the input and out- for the collection, management, analysis, put data required for hazard modelling, visualisation and sharing of sub-national data vulnerability/damage assessment and for the long-term and conserving this from emergency management; the national to the global level. • To specify rules that provide hazard in- tensity, vulnerability and damage sce- Description nario descriptions to support relief managers, rescue planners and policy mak- The SALB was initiated in 2001, with the ers; founding of the UN Geographic Information • To design and develop a scenario elabo- Working Group (UNGIWG). Since the initia- ration methodology; tion of SALB, it has accrued different sub • To propose tsunami-based disaster sce- national levels for the data. The first one was narios in five selected test sites; created in 1990, the 2nd sub national level • To validate the generic scenario devel- for the data in 2000. All of the databases are opment methodology based on a review standardised as regards the international of the results obtained for the test sites. border, metadata profile, spelling, coding scheme and editing protocols used. The digi- Consortium tal maps follow a thematic mapping in order to achieve precise location or modelling GEOSCIENCES CONSULTANTS sarl (France) based on the differences between the docu- is the coordinator. The partners of the con- ments compiled. All of the data of the plat- sortium are: ALGOSYSTEMS (Greece), form contain National Mapping Agencies’ con- HIDROMOD (Portugal), University of Bolo- tact information, coded historic changes gna, Geophysics Laboratory (Italy), Univer- starting from 1990 for the 1st sub national sity of Coventry -Centre for disaster man- level and from 2000 for the 2nd sub national agement- (UK), National Observatory of level, and seamless GIS maps corresponding Athens- Institute of Geodynamics- (Greece), to the different situations observed since Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale (Mo- January 2000. rocco), ACRI-ST (France), Bulgarian Acad- emy of Science -Space Research Institute- Consortium (Bulgaria), Joint Research Centre -Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citi- UN Geographic Information Working Group zen- (International Organisation), TUBITAK– (UNGIWG) in collaboration with and validated MRC-EMSC (Turkey). The project started on by the National Mapping Agencies (NMA) of 01/08/2007 with a duration of 36 months. each UN Member State. This project is funded by the UN. Contact Information Contact Information Richard Guillande GEOSCIENCESCONSULTANTS sarl World Health Organisation 157 rue des Blains Office 3139 92220 Bagneux, France 20, av Appia Tel: + 33 146 646 060 1211 Geneva 27 Fax: + 33 146 646 161 Switzerland Email: [email protected] Tel: +41 22 791.47.44 Fax : +41 22 791.48.06 e-mail: [email protected] 8.1.44 Second Administrative Level Boundaries data set project (SALB) 8.1.45 Service Availability Mapping (SAM) Name Name

Second Administrative Level Boundaries data 47 set project (SALB)46 Service Availability Mapping (SAM) Objectives Objectives The target of the Second Administrative Level SAM’s goal is the collection and presentation Boundaries data set project (SALB) is to proof basic information in health services such vide the international community with a as health infrastructure, human resources global standardized GIS layer containing the delimitation of administrative boundaries. 47 http://www.who.int/healthinfo/systems/serviceavailabilityma 46 http://www.unsalb.org/ pping/en/index.html

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and services offered and to support decision on ART to developing countries in sub- making by providing sub-national planners Saharan Africa. SpaceDream aims to investi- with the skills and tools required to map and gate specifically: monitor service and resource availability on a • The use of Earth Observation for basic regular basis. mapping of infrastructure (such as roads, if they exist); Description • The use of GIS for integrating the differ- This project aims at the sub-national or dis- ent mapping information as well as AIDS trict level. It consists of survey methodology, related information as base level infor- remote field data collection devices and the mation to be permanently updated by WHO's Health Mapper application, which map the local users; and monitor health services, including health • The use of Navigation for the tracking of infrastructure, human resources, and avail- ARV transportation; ability of key services. Depending on the • The use of Telecommunication for relay- situation of districts in the country, SAM cre- ing this information and data bases and ates maps and summary statistics. allowing the different levels of stakeholders to communicate with each other Consortium and thus promoting information exchange in the whole ARV supply chain; This project is funded by WHO. • The training of users as well as their feedback, also using space added value Contact Information when possible. World Health Organization In a later phase, this first system architecture Avenue Appia 20 and its pilot application shall be used to dem- 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland onstrate the use of those dedicated space Tel: + 41 22 791 21 11 means and, if successful, to extend the case Fax: + 41 22 791 31 11 to other countries, organisations, etc. The study and pilot project were to be de- 8.1.46 Space-based logistical support for distri- fined and carried out in a manner that em- bution of medicines phasises sustainability of the approach taken, in order to facilitate scaling up of the project. Name Consortium Space-based logistical support for distribution of medicines (SpaceDream) This project was conducted in coordination with ESA. Participants were Comunità di Objectives Sant'Egidio, LUXSpace, CISAS ‘G.Colombo’ This project has been completed. The objectives of the proposed activity were to undertake a study and a pilot project, to Contact Information understand how space-based technologies can support the logistical efforts to supply Fabio Riccardi antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV/AIDS Comunità di Sant'Egidio within affected areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Email: [email protected] Didier Schmitt Description European Space Agency [email protected] SpaceDream addresses the interest and need www.spacedream.it to apply space based tools and technologies for the location of patients and specifically the seamless transportation of Antiretrovirals 8.1.47 Strengthening the European-South Afri- to patients in a comprehensive but robust can Science and Technology Advancement supply chain management system as support Programme (ESASTAP2) to the “3 by 5 Initiative” focusing on simpli- fied, standardised tools for delivering ART Name and effective, reliable supply of medicines Strengthening the European-South African and diagnostics. Science and Technology Advancement Pro- SpaceDream investigates where existing gramme (ESASTAP2) Earth Observation, Navigation and Telecom- munication systems and their different com- binations can be used to develop a system to provide better access to medicine with focus

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Objectives Health Organisation (WHO), the European Commission (EC) and ESA. ESASTAP2 seeks to build on the foundation laid out by the European-South African Sci- Description ence and Technology Advancement Pro- gramme (ESASTAP), an FP6 Specific Support Satellite solutions delivering information and Action project. communication technologies can help improve health in sub-Saharan Africa; this was Description the main conclusion of a dedicated telemedicine task force that met in Botswana. To ESASTAP2 (Strengthening the European- make these solutions a reality, some short- South African Science and Technology Ad- term, concrete actions have been suggested vancement Programme) is based on the Sci- in a pilot projects proposal. Three activities ence and Technology (S&T) agreement are proposed: one focussing on the health signed between South Africa (SA) and the workforce (scaling-up numbers, improving European Union (EU). ESASTAP2’s long-term performance, increasing quality); a second on aim, and the criteria on which the project will clinical services (increasing health service be judged, is to increase S&T cooperation and coverage, reaching isolated areas) and a priorities determination between SA, the EU third aimed at strengthening the intelligence and its member states; enhance the aware- gathering capacity of health systems and ness of S&T capability in SA and in EU mem- their ability to use information for decision ber states; promote SA's knowledge and par- making. ticipation in the Framework Programmes and other cooperation mechanisms, and increase These demonstration projects are meant to the participation of SA S&T organisations in be used to inform and to help develop a FP7. ESASTAP2 will seek mechanisms to fa- framework for extending eHealth, which cilitate greater bilateral and multilateral co- should be considered as part of the European operation and to provide a greater input into Union Strategy for Africa commitment to future Framework Programmes and propos- utilise Information and Communication Tech- als, for sustainability and growth of the SA nologies (ICT) to enhance interconnectivity in and EU S&T communities. Africa. The potential of this greater interconnectivity, which will be supported under the Consortium tenth European Development Fund (EDF), to extend the reach of health and health ser- ESASTAP2 is coordinated by South Africa’s vices will be tested and demonstrated Department of Science and Technology through these proposed projects. (DTS). This project was funded by EC FP7 Capacities. The starting date was 01/09/2008 Consortium with a duration of 36 months. In the Task Force there was participation Contact Information from the main relevant African organisations, the World Health Organization, the European Mrs. Mamohloding Tlhagale Commission and the European Space Agency. Tel: +27 12 843 6340 Fax: +27-866810056 Contact Information Email: [email protected] http://www.esastap.org.za Giorgio Parentela Email: [email protected] 8.1.48 Telemedicine Task Force for sub-Saharan Africa (TTF) 8.1.49 TIGER Name Name Telemedicine Task Force for sub-Saharan TIGER Africa (TTF) Objectives Objectives The initiative’s primary objective is to help The TTF was set up to investigate the poten- African countries overcome problems faced in tial for satellite telecommunication technol- the collection, analysis and dissemination of ogy as a tool for supporting healthcare sys- water-related geo-information by exploiting tems in sub-Saharan Africa. It is composed of EO technology. the relevant African Organizations, the World

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Description level in the continent. A call for proposals was issued in 2009, which resulted in the selec- In 2002, responding to the urgent need for tion of 20 projects submitted by African sci- action in Africa stressed by the Johannesburg entists, water authorities and technical insti- World Summit on Sustainable Development tutions. (WSSD), the European Space Agency (ESA), within the context of the Committee of Earth Consortium Observation Satellites (CEOS), launched the TIGER initiative. The overall objective of the The TIGER process aims at fostering partner- initiative is to assist African countries to ships between the TIGER beneficiaries and overcome problems faced in the collection, space agencies worldwide, the expert centres analysis and use of water related geo- in earth observation applications for water information by exploiting the advantages of management (e.g., key universities and in- Earth Observation (EO) technology. ternational research organisations), the private sector (e.g., value adding companies), Since 2005, under the guidance of the African NGOs and finance and development agencies. Ministerial Council on Water (AMCOW), with All these organisations represent collectively contributions from CEOS (e.g., ESA, the Ca- the TIGER Stakeholder Group. nadian Space Agency), UNESCO and the Afri- can Development Bank and in collaboration with the Economic Commission for Africa Contact Information (UN-ECA) and several other African and in- European Space Agency (ESA) ternational organizations (e.g. CSIR, CRTM, Earth Observation Application Department - Ramsar-Africa, South African Department of EOP/AEP Water Affairs), TIGER has supported African Via Galileo Galilei - Casella Postale 64 partners with access to space-borne data and 00044 Frascati – ITALY products, by offering specific training on EO Email: [email protected] applications for water management, by fund- http://www.tiger.esa.int ing North-South collaborative projects aimed at developing tailored EO-based water information systems, and by supporting take-off, 8.1.50 UNITAR Operational Satellite Applications operationalisation and technology transfer of Programme (UNOSAT) those demonstrated systems to African water authorities. Name TIGER has completed its first implementation UNITAR Operational Satellite Applications period (2005-2007) involving more than 150 Programme (UNOSAT) African institutions (water authorities, universities, technical centres) through its projects Objectives and training activities. The results and achievements of these first years of activity UNOSAT sets a program, which is based on were recognized at the First African Water satellite technologies, including earth obser- week organized in Tunis on 25-29 March vation to telecommunication, positioning and 2008 with a direct recommendation navigation. The goal is to support emergency “International initiatives like … TIGER which response operations and also states with provide» useful tools to the countries to respect to poverty, hazards, conflicts and strengthen their capacities for ensuring water crises. security should be encouraged and supported”. As a direct response to this African Description request, a new implementation period of the TIGER initiative was proposed aiming at sup- UNOSAT is a technology intensive pro- porting African countries to enhance their gramme active in all aspects of applied re- capacities to better understand, monitor and search relating to satellite solutions, from manage water resources. earth observation to telecommunication, positioning and navigation. UNOSAT delivers A major component of this new phase is de- satellite solutions, geographic information to voted to supporting African scientists to de- organizations within and outside the UN sys- velop the scientific skills and technical capac- tem to make a difference in the lives of ity to make the best use of Earth Observation communities exposed to poverty, hazards, technology to better understand, assess and and conflict, or affected by humanitarian and monitor the status of the water resources in other crises. Africa as well as the potential impacts of climate change, hence establishing sound sci- UNOSAT is a program of the United Nations entific bases for developing effective adapta- Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). tion or mitigation measures at the political In 2003 UNOSAT created a new humanitarian

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rapid mapping service that is today fully de- 8.1.51 United Nations International Boundary veloped and has been activated over 100 Evidence project (UNIBED) times by UN relief and coordination agencies. This work implies very quick acquisition and Project name processing of satellite imagery and data for the creation of map and GIS layers in support United Nations International Boundary Evi- of emergency response and humanitarian dence project (UNIBED)48 relief coordination (UNDAC teams, impact assessment missions, damage estimates, Objectives etc). UNOSAT remains engaged beyond the emergency phase by supporting early re- The creation and maintenance of a worldwide sponse and recovery activities. A growing geodatabase, based on boundaries informa- number of national and international devel- tion, including accurately depicting geometry, opment projects receive support from status, claims, date of treaty agreements is UNOSAT for strategic territorial planning and the target of the United Nations International advanced GIS applications. The expertise Boundary Evidence project. accumulated by our technical team with extensive field experience allows us to provide Description a technological edge to local capacity devel- The creation of a worldwide geodatabase is opment. only possible with the informational and evi- Furthermore, UNOSAT develops and imple- denced sources of authorities, which were set ments integrated training modules and pro- through international treaties like treaty grammes that sometimes include the design maps, coordinates, treaty text description and realization of GIS and cartographic cen- and interpretation of satellite imagery. tres that can continue to exist after the con- The web interface represents the essential clusion of a cooperation project, for example tool to collect the information for a database as self-supporting geo-information centres. in a complete and comprehensive way. This The topics this project is involved in are: database is forwarded for the service of key satellite imagery search and procurement UN personnel in the Department of Political assistance, image processing, map produc- Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Opera- tion including information extraction & analy- tions, the UN Treaty Section and senior man- sis, research and methodology (design and agement guidance), field and remote technical assistance, including strategic consulting, training Consortium and capacity development, integrated satellite communication solutions, data storage This project is developed by the UN and information & communication technology solutions. Contact Information Consortium Guillaume Le Sourd United Nations This project is developed by UNITAR and is 1 UN Plaza, DC1-512, currently ongoing. New York 10017, United States Tel: +1 917 367 9534 Contact Information Email: [email protected] UNOSAT / UNITAR International Environment House Chemin des Anémones 11-13 8.2 Private Sector Initiatives CH-1219 Châtelaine, Geneva - Switzerland In the following subsections a list of projects Tel: +41 22 767 4020 (UNOSAT Operations) in Africa using satellite applications by few Tel: +41 22 917 8720 - 8650 (UNOSAT Man- private entities are listed. The list is not ex- agement) haustive but provides an overview of the Fax: +41 22 917 8993 types of projects developing. Email: [email protected] http://www.unitar.org/unosat/

48http://proceedings.esri.com/dvd/uc/2009/uc/abstracts/a17 69.html

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8.2.1 GEO-Africa (AfricaSat1) Funding Body European Development Funds (under as- Name sessment) and African Space Agencies. GEO-Africa (AfricaSat1) Contact Information Objectives Andre Nonguierma, GIS Officer, United Na- To provide permanent and high resolution tions Economic Commission for Africa, Earth Observation data, which are fully dedi- PO Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia cated to Africa and its specific needs, in order Email: [email protected] to encourage the continent’s sustainable development. 8.2.2 Other 3 billion (o3b) Description Name The GEO-Africa satellite (AfricaSat1), conceived by EADS Astrium, will capture images o3b (Other 3 billion) over the entire continent. It will provide the sensing of up to 100 scenes of 300 x 300 km Objectives per day, with a possible total coverage of Africa every 4 days. Receiving stations will To launch a constellation of 16 satellites into be in Africa making access to its images eas- orbit to provide inexpensive Internet service ier. Additionally, fast access (in 30 minutes) to developing countries. to any area of the continent will be guaran- teed to deal with crisis situations. GEO-Africa Description will bring important socio-economic benefits O3b Networks plans to provide a high- to the continent, in terms of natural re- capacity satellite connection to the Internet sources management, crisis management, on which telephone companies and Internet urban planning and infrastructure develop- service providers in emerging markets will be ment. The AfricaSat1 system will be built able to build their high-speed mobile and based on compatibility with existing national web-access offers. Low Earth Observation missions in Africa and synergies with on-going African framework programs, such as the African Resources Consortium Management Constellation (ARMC). Google, HSBC, SES, North Bridge Venture Partners, Allen & Company, and Liberty Consortium Global EADS Astrium (system designer), African Union, Algerian Space Agency (ASAL), Nige- Responsible Body rian National Space Research & Development o3b Networks Agency (NASDRA), Egyptian National Author- ity for Space Science and Remote Sensing Funding Body (NARSS), South African Department of Sci- ence and Technology (DST), Kenya, New Google, HSBC, SES, and Liberty Global Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), United Nations Economic Commis- Contact Information sion for Africa (UNECA), African Association of Remote Sensing of the Environment Maher Simon VP - International Carrier Ac- (AARSE), Regional Centre for Mapping of counts Resources for Development (RCMRD), Lake Tel: +44 7833 453018 Chad Basin Commission (LCBC), Faculty of Skype Name: simon.j.maher Geo-Information Science and Earth Observa- Email: [email protected] tion of the University of Twente (ITC), Group http://www.o3bnetworks.com/ on Earth Observation Secretariat. This project has completed the design phase 8.2.3 mHealth for Development and is currently in the development phase. Responsible Body Name mHealth for Development GEO-Africa Core Team

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Objective • Project Masiluleke in South Africa with sponsoring organisations: Sponsoring mHealth’s objective is harnessing mobile Organization and Partners: Praekelt technologies for the provision of health- Foundation, iTeach, National Geographic, related service. Nokia, Siemens Networks, MTN, Ghetto Ruff, Children of South African Legacies, Description Aricent and frog design In many parts of the world, epidemics and a • Text to Change (TTC) – HIV Prevention shortage of healthcare workers continue to Through SMS Quiz in South Africa with present grave challenges for governments sponsoring organisations: Text to and health providers. Yet in these same Change (TTC), Zain (previously Celtel), places, the explosive growth of mobile com- the local NGO AIDS Information Centre munications over the past decade offers a (AIC), the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Af- new hope for the promotion of quality health- fairs and Merck care. Among those who had previously been • The Dokoza System in South Africa with left behind by the ‘digital divide,’ billions now sponsoring organisation. Dokoza, State have access to reliable technology. Information Technology Agency (SITA), Centre for Public Service Innovation The mHealth project case studies are organ- (CPSI), Centre for Scientific and Indus- ized by primary application area, from least trial Research (CSIR) and the Meraka In- specialized (education and awareness) to stitute, with the cooperation of South Af- most specialized (diagnostic and treatment rica’s National Department of Health support). Although several projects offer mul- • EpiHandy in Uganda, Zambia, Burkina tiple applications, they are categorized here Faso with the Center for International by their more specialized function. The main Health, Norway as a sponsoring organi- topics are: sation. • Education and Awareness • Remote Data Collection Consortium • Remote Monitoring Rockefeller Foundation, United Nations Foun- • Communication and Training for Health- dation, and Vodafone Foundation, and U.S. care Workers President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief • Disease and Epidemic Outbreak Tracking (PEPFAR), Orange Healthcare, and telecom- • Diagnostic and Treatment Support munications service providers in the countries In particular for Africa the project “HIV Confi- where they carry out the mHealth project dant”49 has been implemented in South Af- rica. In places where HIV-positive status re- Responsible Body mains a stigma, successful outreach efforts UN Foundation/ mHealth Alliance must address people’s privacy and confiden- tiality concerns. The HIV Confidant project aims to encourage HIV/AIDS testing by en- Funding Body suring secure distribution of test results Ted Turner donated $ 1 billion in 1998, but through the use of handheld computers and now a public charity. standard encryption techniques. Dimagi, a US-based software company, implemented For the “HIV Confidant” project in South Af- the HIV Confidant project in 2003 at the Af- rica the sponsoring partners was Dimagi, Inc. rica Centre for Health and Population Studies (privately held software company). in South Africa. In the pilot, 45,000 adults were tested for HIV, and results were shared Contact Information with participants through a secure PDA-based Media Contact system. People who were tested were pro- Adele Waugaman vided with a unique ID code, and results were (202) 778-1635 given only to those who provided the code. [email protected] The HIV Confidant system runs on Palm m500 and Handspring Visor PDAs, but can be adapted for non-Palm devices for greater 8.2.4 Réseau en Afrique Francophone pour la flexibility and extended reach. Télémédecine (RAFT) There are many other projects under this mHealth initiative in Africa. Some are Name Réseau en Afrique Francophone pour la Té- lémédecine (RAFT)

49 http://www.dimagi.com/content/hiv-confidant.html

ESPI Report 26 111 September 2010

Objective Objective The deployment of telemedicine and IT en- The development of a large teleshope for the abled diagnostic devices in Africa. southern hemisphere. Description Description Provision of healthcare through tele- The South Africa Large Telescope is the larg- consultations, tele-echography, and tele- est optical telescope in the southern hemi- education of healthcare providers. sphere. South Africa contributed about a third of its total value. The rest was contributed by Consortium partners from the international community. The telescope was completed in November Geneva University Hospitals, UNESCO, Can- 2005. ton Genève, le Service d'Informatique Médi- cale des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Consortium l'Université Numérique Francophone Mondia- le, la Fondation Health On the Net, Fonds de National Research Foundation South Africa, Solidarité Numérique, and le Réseau Univer- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre sitaire International Genevois. Poland, Hobby-Eberly Telescope Board Texas, Rutgers University, USA, Georg-August- Responsible Body Universität Göttingen Germany, University of Wisconsin - Madison USA, Carnegie Mellon Geneva University Hospitals University, USA, University of Canterbury New Zealand, Universities of Central Lanca- Funding Body shire, Southampton, Nottingham, Keele, the Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland and Canton Genève the Open University, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill USA, Dartmouth Col- Contact Information lege USA, Inter-University Centre for Astron- Prof. Antoine Geissbuhler omy and Astrophysics India, American Mu- Email: [email protected], seum of Natural History USA. [email protected] http://raft.hcuge.ch Funding Body Institutions in South Africa, United States of 8.2.5 South African Large Telescope America, Germany, Poland, India, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Name Contact Information South African Large Telescope Tel: +27 (0)23 5711205 Fax: +27 (0)23 5712456 Email: [email protected] http://www.salt.ac.za/telescope/overview/

ESPI Report 26 112 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

9. Conclusions and Recommendations

including its various components such as the GMES in Africa. The Second Action Plan 9.1 The setting (2011-2013), which is soon to be adopted, is expected to keep the same eight thematic Africa is often looked at as one continent but areas as the first one. The eight thematic the needs change from region to region. areas have proven to be suitable for setting Although some African countries have the basis of cooperation, but it is necessary reached mature levels of space technology to capture the progress made, lessons and use of satellite applications, most coun- learned and set out concrete actions to be tries are struggling to maintain the basic followed. Thus, Area 8 which includes the levels needed for simple use of satellite appli- space component, will be maintained. It is cations. Space is transversal and touches important though, to properly capture the many policy areas (e.g. environment, agricul- transverse nature of space in the other areas ture, health, disaster management), thus, it and to ensure the involvement of the RECs is important that it receives more attention for future developments. Furthermore, Euro- for growth and sustainable development. pean Member States continue to support the Africa has the highest number of Regional efforts of the EU by engaging themselves in Economic Communities (RECs) which target direct agreements with various African coun- cooperation and integration of their Member tries, but the coordination between the vari- States and receive strong support from them. ous Member States and the EU is loose which Eight of these RECs have become pillars of results in duplication of efforts and would the African Union (AU) but the links between need to be strengthened. the AU and RECs are not always strong. Africa is in need of maintaining these long- There is often a strong debate in Africa about lasting partnerships and finding new effective the effectiveness of the AU supporting inte- instruments to support its efforts to achieve gration and development whereas the RECs sustainable development. A comprehensive are often portrayed as the most effective mapping of activities and actors is essential instrument due to their closer links with the in setting the way forward. Space activities in Member States. The AU appears to be lacking the African continent are characterised by sufficient recourses to achieve its goals and strong collaboration between the African needs to be strengthened. countries and European and international There are only five years left before for the actors. There are various initiatives at all Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) tar- levels but there is lack of a comprehensive get. It is essential that European and interna- overview tackling the three main questions in tional efforts align their resources and en- Africa regarding the use of satellite applica- gage in closer coordination with each other tions: 1) “who is who”; 2) “who is doing and with African actors. In particular, the what”; and 3) “who is cooperating with United Nations is engaged in various activi- whom”. This study provides a comprehensive ties in Africa and even though not all are overview of the main African actors and their directly engaged in space related projects activities in the continent as well as gathers and programmes, many of them are using information regarding projects run by the space-based information for their work. The main European players and the United Na- UN activities are not always fully coordinated tions organisations. This mapping was con- between the agencies as “one UN”. Currently ducted in consultation with European and though, there are some pilot projects in Afri- African stake holders and the presented ma- can countries to implement the “one UN” terial reflects mainly a European perspective. approach, such as the one in Tanzania50. From the information gathered a social, legal and economic, political and technological The First Action Plan (2008-2010) for the (SLEPT) microenvironmental factor analysis is implementation of the Africa-EU strategic used as a tool to draw up policy recommen- partnership is currently under evaluation, dations.

50 http://www.untanzania.org/inside.asp?mainId=3&contID=8

ESPI Report 26 113 September 2010

9.2 Conclusions and Recom- to be the most effective. A coherent mechanism of knowledge transfer has to mendations by Factor be ensured from the very beginning of pilot-projects. Social factor Legal factor Space applications can assist in providing solutions to the African population regarding In Africa the areas of telecommunications and their basic needs such as providing food and satellite imaging are fragmented into small water security, healthcare, education, early national markets and the licence require- warning, disaster management and emer- ments and regulations vary from country to gency response, etc. Nevertheless, the bene- country. Current regulatory aspects regarding fits of space applications are not sufficiently satellite applications may hinder private ini- communicated to decision makers as well as tiatives by African and foreign investors and the wider population and there is not enough delay sustainable development. Furthermore, basic education at various levels to perform, there is very little coordination between vari- manage and operate space-based assets. ous policy and regulatory frameworks in vari- Various space projects in different areas have ous African countries regarding space and the been developed for Africa but very few are space component of other sectors. Often sustainable beyond the pilot phase. This is different African government or different min- due to the fact that often the local commu- istries within a government purchase the nity of the end users is not involved from the same asset from satellites. This duplication beginning and does not have the feeling of increases administrative and economic over- ownership. Often, appropriate bodies have heads. Current taxation systems on goods not been identified within the government import affects the development of satellite structure to take up the responsibility for applications equipment since equipment, running the project and its maintenance. The devices and services need to be imported. It projects developed in Africa are often con- appears that taxation is duplicate for the ceived by developed countries without being same goods and services at various levels able to capture properly the societal need resulting in accumulative excessive burden and infrastructure restrictions of the under- for the importer. The recommendations are: developed countries. The recommendations • Implement appropriate regulations. It is are: necessary to foster initiatives to build in- • Enhance communication about the bene- stitutional capacity in making treaties, fits of space. Appropriate information setting standards, formulating policy, mechanisms need to be set up to com- drafting regional integration protocols municate the benefits of various space and harmonising regulations at a pan- applications and projects at local com- Africa level. munity level. Such communication • Coordinate policies and regulations. Afri- mechanisms could be local information can governments should coordinate their centres, radio and TV info notes. policies and regulations regarding com- • Enhance education regarding space and mercial and non-commercial space appli- its applications. Education regarding cations (e.g. data policy). They should space should be enhanced at school and foster policy and regulatory harmonisa- university level. Adequate learning mate- tion to create larger common markets rial on the benefits of space and its con- based on regional economic communities tribution to skills development should be while increasing private sector participa- provided. Capacity building at all levels tion. This would facilitate exchange of of education (primary, secondary, terti- assets and reduced duplication in pur- ary and continuous learning) should be chasing the same asset. emphasised. Educational programs are a • Harmonise licensing procedures. Estab- long-term measure with longer social lish common licensing and authorisation benefits. procedures instead of having them coun- • Enhance the involvement of the commu- try by country. Creation of an internet nity in ensuring continuation and sus- based licence application and dissemina- tainability after the pilot phase is com- tion of regulatory information would sig- pleted. The African citizen should be in- nificantly assist potential investors. volved in the ownership of each project. • Facilitate cross border exchange and This would enhance continuation beyond harmonise information infrastructure. the completion of the project. Involve- With regard to the purchase of informa- ment at the community level is expected tion from satellites, initiatives should be

ESPI Report 26 114 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

promoted for investment in access and • Improve economic regulatory frame- cross-border information infrastructure works for FDI, making them far more through effective partnerships between open, permitting profit repatriation and public, private and not-for-profit sectors, providing economic measures and other in order to achieve universal access and incentives to attract investment. full inter-country exchange of informa- • Enhance and regulate the pre- tion and data. competition environment. Promote liber- alization and privatization in order to Economic factor open access to satellite operators and service providers through partnerships Even though during the past 10 years there with local stakeholders in terms of public have been significant efforts by the REC’s in entities, private firms and not-for-profit integrating the various markets, many of sectors. The pre-competition framework them are still fragmented. At the same time has to facilitate the involvement of Afri- the low income levels in Africa and limited can SMEs. economies of scale make it unattractive for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Licence fees • Improve taxation. African countries are for satellite systems are generally very high also encouraged to accelerate the con- and the cost of satellites is also high, which clusion of double taxation treaties makes it difficult for companies to survive. (DTTs). DTTs can make it more attractive There is a need to have low cost systems to for foreign investors to invest in a coun- facilitate improved access. The African mar- try by helping them to avoid paying 51 ket is mostly dominated by government ac- taxes twice on the same transaction . tivities in the field of space, satellite applica- Taxation is a leverage to be considered tions and related sectors. It is important that also in order to support demand for sat- the market is opened up. The recommenda- ellite services in terms of tax-emption or tions are: negative taxation – financial support - in order to improve citizens’ rights as • Enhance institutional coordination. Com- members of society (freedom of self- mon economic targets, complementari- expression, right to be informed, free- ties and how they can be achieved need dom of press, etc). to be identified. The current institutional framework in Africa is appropriate but concrete links of cooperation need to be Political factor established between the main African ac- The political commitment of African leaders to tors like the AU, UNECA and the REC’s. work together and with other international Common strategic partnerships between partners to solve problems for the African them are essential for sustainable devel- citizen and achieve societal, economic and opment. Adequate resources such as political integration is being materialised step funding, personnel and technical exper- by step through the African Union and the tise are essential for the success of the various Regional Economic Communities. partnership. Nevertheless, political commitment for space • Align funding mechanisms. The various and satellite applications is lacking. This is funds provided from Europe, United Na- mainly due to the fact that there is insuffi- tions, European member states, private cient understanding of the benefits and bodies, etc need to be aligned in terms of communication of the success stories. The funding, time scale and expected targets context of space policy is different in Europe in order to better utilise the available re- and in African and also varies from country to sources, avoid duplication and create country in Africa. The main objectives of a complementarities. The funding mecha- space policy for Africa would be to focus on nisms should also be aligned such that implementing those policy aspects that would they cover the entire cycle of a satellite allow successful use of space based informa- applications project, from pilot project to tion and applications for sustainable devel- hand over, operation, capacity building opment. Space policy is uncoordinated at the and maintenance. continental level as well as the regional level. Furthermore, within each African country • Refocus allocation of funding. A cost- there are insufficient links between the space benefit analysis should be performed before projects are started. The criteria should not necessarily be based on direct 51 The majority of African countries have signed multilateral monetary factors but should be based agreements dealing with the protection of FDI, such as the factors such as benefits to the citizen, Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guar- antee Agency (MIGA) and the Convention on the Settle- safety, job creation, etc. ment of Investment Disputes between States and Nation- als of Other States.

ESPI Report 26 115 September 2010

component and other policy areas (e.g. agri- and continental levels. After establishing culture, environment, health, transport, secu- national needs, African countries should rity). The link between the priorities of the work together on the regional and conti- various African countries and how space can nental levels to tackle their common assist in achieving them is missing. Even goals. As a second step, a pan-African though at the continental level the appropri- Space Policy that can reflect common in- ate institutional mechanisms are present for terests such as disaster management harvesting the benefits of space, there is and emergency response, climate change insufficient coordination between the various (including desertification, deforestation, institutions. drought etc.), telecommunications and GMES would better facilitate the coordi- • Capture adequately Member States nation of efforts. The area that is in vital needs and translate them into concrete need of such a pan-African approach is areas where space can assist in meeting disaster management and emergency re- them. The national needs of African sponse. Thus, a common policy in disas- countries where space competence is ter management and emergency represent need to be translated and response could set the first area of the flected in other national policies (e.g. ag- pan-African space policy. riculture, environment, health, transport, security) in a coherent manner. Coordi- • Formalise institutional relations for space nation meetings, workshops and confer- based information and applications. As a ences can be used as tools for the ap- first step, existing institutions are suffi- propriate capturing of the need. cient enough to work together in building sustainable development for Africa but • Identify responsible actors. At the begin- there is lack of cooperation and coordina- ning of every project the appropriate po- tion between institutions and agencies tential governmental actors needed for involved in space based information and the sustainability of projects need to be applications. The first point of coordina- identified. Communication and estab- tion that is needed is in the field of ac- lishment of appropriate links with the re- cess, use and sharing of space based in- spective authorities should be part of the formation. In particular, maps and GIS tasks before the completion of the pilot would be the first step to formalise inter- project. actions and institutionalise use of these • Establish appropriate governance links. assets on the regional level. A particular The AU, ECA and REC’s are important ac- topic where this coordination is essential tors in Africa. The coordination and inter- is early warning and emergency response action between them regarding space in disaster management. An effort should based information and applications be made to foster horizontal agreements should be strengthened and formalised. to establish institutional groups. A second step to be targeted in the long run • Establish harmonized international rela- would be to set the basis for institution- tions between African countries. This alisation at the continental level. Particu- would increase political stability and fa- lar fields of coordination could be envi- cilitate FDI’s attractiveness which would ronmental monitoring and disaster man- further technological and industrial de- agement. Discussions about the estab- velopment. lishment of a continental institution • Increase the involvement and commit- which would work in cooperation with the ment of political leaders. African leaders AU date back to 1991. The AU project for and politicians need to be more aware of the establishment of an African Space and committed to the benefits of space Agency was finally launched last month. and use of satellite applications for the Such an institution would be beneficial sustainable development of Africa. for centralise purchase of space data like maps, satellite images etc. and would be • Coordinate space policy and other policy beneficial for avoiding duplications. It areas. Space policy and the space com- could also be involved as a central point ponent in other policies (e.g. agriculture, to the outsider with respect to disaster environment, health, transport, and se- management and emergency response. curity) need to be identified in a system- Nevertheless, this should be a long term atic way. Coordination should be plan starting first at national and regional achieved at the three levels: national, levels since different countries have dif- regional and continental. ferent needs and different levels of de- • Develop the basis for a pan-African space velopment. policy. The common aspects of the space component should be treated at regional

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• Enhance communication of the benefits should be given priority, which capture of space. The success stories of the use African needs. These projects should be of satellite applications for the benefit of chosen at a regional, national and conti- the African citizen and for sustainable nental level. Appropriate workshops development for Africa need to be com- should be taking place that involve the municated in way that political figures local community and the technical ex- are able to use as arguments for sup- perts. porting their case. Relevant information • Implement technological innovation material needs to be prepared by consor- scoreboard. This should be implemented tiums including representatives from in order to map and to monitor the de- technical experts, end users, entrepre- gree of technology. This tool will help to neurs, administrators, societal and politi- understand the current degree of tech- cal groups, etc. nology and whether this technology is • Promote bilateral and/or multilateral in- suitable for the needs of the end user. vestment treaties (BITs). This should be • Increase cooperation between those that conducted in conjunction with other have technology know-how and users. countries who aim at protecting and The end user often has very limited un- promoting FDI to clarify the terms under derstanding or receives insufficient ca- which FDI can take place between the pacity building from those that have the partner countries. technology know-how. After training they often move out to more senior manage- Technological factor rial (not hand-on) levels. Increased in- tensity of education at the various user The different African countries focus their levels could be enhanced. Community to space activities and run projects under three community training may reduce the cost main categories: a) Infrastructure develop- of implementation. ment; b) use of satellite applications; and c) capacity building. From these categories the • Enhance transfer-of-knowledge mecha- majority of the projects focus on space appli- nisms through initiatives of mutual learn- cations and there is a need for more projects ing platforms. Academic cooperation with on capacity building. A pan-African University all other actors in order to facilitate is currently being established where space know-how development and exchange will be covered by the South Africa unit. should be enhanced. Existing academic networks could provide the initial neces- • Increase projects on capacity building. sary links needed. The pan-African Uni- Projects with a focus on capacity building versity, currently under establishment, is should be enhanced. These projects expected to play an important role in the should cover all levels including schools, development of sustainable development universities, government employees, of Africa. politicians, and the public at large. • Identify relevant space technology in re- Specific recommendations per actor lation to providing solutions to needs of African population. Developed countries In the following table when the word space is often initiate projects without being able used it is meant space based information and to sufficiently capture the needs of the applications through the use of satellites, African population. African-led initiatives unless stated otherwise.

ESPI Report 26 117 September 2010

Actor Proposed Actions European Union • strengthen its neighbour policy towards Africa focusing on Space as a (European Commis- strategic leverage crossing different thematic issues, such as extension sion and other Euro- of infrastructure, extra-EU transport, energy, industrial development pean institutions) and trade, etc • enhance thematic coordination of European activities of European Actors • enhance coordination of EU financial instruments, European Investment Bank and Member States’ contributions • establish a closer dialogue with the UN agencies present and active in Africa and coordinate funding. • establish direct dialogue with Regional Economic Communities in Africa, the eight pillars of the AU and the others. • promote the use of space in other areas of the strategic partnership for the 2011-2013 Action Plan. • promote the benefits of space for Africa’s sustainable development to African politicians through the High Representative of the European Un- ion for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and External Action Service representatives in African countries. • regularly maintain an overview mapping of funded projects, bilateral agreements, best practices, etc. • assist the African Union with obtaining adequate resources for its targets • move towards a co-funding (Africa-European) system with African states and the Africa Development Bank to increase sustainability • perform assessments of public funding activities and share best practices with European Member States. • implement better mechanisms for follow-up impact assessment of pilot projects. EU Member States • improve coordination between national activities in Africa and EU activities • maintain an overview of national activities regarding space based information and applications for Africa • perform assessments of public funding activities and share best practices with other European Member States and the EU. European Space • ensure that the actors involved in ESA projects properly deal with the Agency transition from pilot projects to operational projects and assure the commitment of African government relevant bodies to continuation and local acquisition in terms of knowledge end technology transfer • promote the coordination of space efforts through African space agencies for the space faring nations of Africa and through other governmental and technical bodies where space is relevant for those that are users of space and those that are not • participate in education regarding the use of space at different levels EUMETSAT • promote coordination of space efforts on a regional level through its links with African government bodies and technical agencies • increase support for capacity building efforts in Africa • enhance the role of Africa to acquire data in-situ in order to merge with satellite data United Nations • promote the use of space at the level of decision makers and through UNECA for the sustainable development of Africa • coordinate the efforts between the different UN agencies and programmes regarding space use as “one UN”. • Establish in UNECA a specific department for space and coordinate and support the RECs in this area. • establish coordination mechanisms with the EU regarding space activities in Africa • perform cost benefit analysis of the use of space as part of awareness campaigns in order to underline shadow-prices and cross-sectional benefits • increase coordination of activities through the joint secretariat between the AU, UNECA and AfDB. European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Actor Proposed Actions African Union • enhance its international relationships in order to show local needs that could be satisfied through space technology • enhance its role as a catalyser of Africa’s Vision for Space. The main objectives of space policy for Africa would be to focus on implementing those policy aspects that would allow successful use of space based information and applications for sustainable development. • increase the resources of the AUC in relation to space • establish a position responsible for space as a shared competence among African Member States which deals with space topics such as telecommunications, navigation, remote sensing, etc and is responsible for maintaining a database of African capabilities and projects and promoting the use of space for sustainable development • encourage Africa entrepreneurship • promote a bottom-up approach to projects • establish closer coordination with the RECs and establish policies that cover regional needs and identify how space can assist in development • develop a capacity mapping database at the continental level (experts, institutions, data, information, infrastructure etc.) • map the different ongoing activities conducted by regional and international agencies and identify end users. • collect in a systematic way and disseminate case studies and lessons learned, promoting the benefits of space with arguments to inform politicians and assist them in supporting a case for space • promote cost benefit analysis of projects that use space assets. • increase coordination of activities through the joint secretariat between the AU, UNECA and AfDB. • develop mechanisms for increasing co-funding activities with African capital • promote education on space at all levels of education: primary, secondary, tertiary and continuous learning (egg. school, university, on the job training, etc.) • perform studies on the economic benefits of space for African development • promote the implementation of space policy and space components in other policies for capacity building at various institutional levels and different actors (end-users, decision makers and trainers) • ensure sustainability by continuous training to mitigate “brain drain” • prepare and conduct workshops for key decision makers Regional Economic • promote a fair investment climate in order to attract FDI for develop- Communities ment and deployment of space • take space up as a topic for sustainable regional development • create a map of existing mechanisms and capacities in the region (experts, institutions, data, information, infrastructure etc.) • conduct an evaluation of the use of space from different mechanisms in the region • promote space based information and applications as a key development component for sustainable development • promote the development and adoption at the regional level of a space policy reflecting the needs of the regions • open intra-regional dialogues for continental integration • perform cost benefit analysis of the use of space for development and comparison with no use of space. A particular case would be disaster management and disaster forecasting. • establish regional centres for single point acquiring of data and maintaining a common database • promote regional development in download capabilities, information processing and capacity building • facilitate the establishment of a critical mass of providers and users at the regional level • organise regionally early warning and emergency response in disaster management and coordinate with UN efforts

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Actor Proposed Actions • facilitate cooperation between universities, schools, technical centres and the local community for training on space assets and sustainability • coordinate with member states to harmonise appropriate rules and regulations, licensing procedures, taxation etc. regarding space • facilitate horizontal cooperation to establish institutional groups • strengthen multi-institutional mechanisms African Member • develop a map of national needs and space relevance States • develop a map of national capabilities (experts, institutions, data, information, infrastructure etc.) • facilitate local activities and commitment to build up capacity and avoid reliance on foreign actors • conduct an evaluation of the use of space from different mechanisms in the country • explore ways to promote and benefit from public-private partnerships • facilitate courses in space based information and applications and rec- ognise such professionals in civil service positions. • coordinate with other member states to harmonise appropriate rules and regulations, licensing procedures, taxation etc. regarding space • strengthen multi-institutional mechanisms • coordinate through the RECs to develop a common strategy on needs and how space can provide solutions and share costs for data acquisition, processing and capacity building. Passive users52 and Active users52 • identify other policy areas where space could be beneficial • promote the development and adoption at the regional level of a space policy or space policy component in other policy areas reflecting the needs of the nation • establish a centralised national approach and creation of centres for acquiring, distributing and maintaining databases of space information to avoid duplication of acquisition • promote the implementation of space policy and space components in other policies for capacity building at various institutional levels and ensure sustainability by continuous training to mitigate “brain drain” • promote on the job training • facilitate communication between information providers, and users in the country to bridge the gap between the two communities.

Active developers52 • promote cases of success to other countries and assist them in development • develop mechanisms to attract FDI African Space Agen- • coordinate their efforts on a regional level cies • establish links with other technical bodies in Africa that could benefit from space • establish links with academic networks • coordinate their efforts on a continental level • strategically inform and assist in making politicians and decision makers aware of the benefits of space and provide them with arguments and cases • identify a strategic plan for international relationships with European entities such as EU, ESA and EUMETSAT African Technical • strengthen existing networks and create new networks for cooperation Organisations and coordination of activities between the technical actors • strengthen the existing institutions to be able to take up new technolo-

52 Passive users are African countries that do not have any space capabilities. They only receive passively information already processed by others. Active users are Africa countries that have the capacity to process information offered. Active developers: are those African countries that themselves have the capacity in space activities and typically have a space agency and more advanced space policy components either self standing or as parts of other policies.

ESPI Report 26 120 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Actor Proposed Actions gies • map and monitor the current local degree of technical feasibility for space • focus on GIS and mapping activities • strengthen capacity building in radar and image processing technologies • explore opportunities to acquire information via African receiving stations • promote and lobby professionals in the fields of space based information and applications • increase the involvement of the local community • strategically inform and assist in making politicians and decision makers aware of the benefits of space and provide them with arguments and cases • facilitate data sharing among institutions

ESPI Report 26 121 September 2010

Annex 1: Space Agencies, Treaties, Laws and Policies in Africa

A1.1 Space Agencies in Africa

National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Nigeria http://www.nasrda.org Department of Science and Technology, South Africa http://www.space.gov.za/ Agence Spatiale Algérienne (ASAL) Algeria http://www.asal-dz.org/ Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale (CRTS), Morocco http://www.crts.gov.ma/ National Authority for Space Science and Remote Sensing (NARSS), Egypt http://www.narss.sci.eg/

ESPI Report 26 122 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

A1.2 Overview of Space Policies, Laws and Treaties in Africa

1979 National Law Space National Pol- Space icy 1967 Outer Space Treaty 1968 Rescue Agreement 1972 Liability Con- vention 1976 Registration Convention Moon Agree- ment

Nigeria R R R - - - 9

Republic of South Africa R R S - - 9 9

Morocco R R R R - - -

Egypt - S S - - - -

Algeria R - R R - - -

Angola ------

Benin R - R - - - -

Botswana S R R - - - -

Burkina Faso R ------

Burundi S - S S - - -

Cameroon S R - - - - -

Cape Verde ------

Central African Republic S - S - - - -

Chad ------

Comoros ------

Congo S - - - - -

Cote d’Ivoire ------

Democratic Republic of S S S - - - - Congo

Djibouti ------

Equatorial Guinea R ------

Eritrea ------

Ethiopia S ------

Gabon - R R - - - -

Gambia S R S - - - -

Ghana S S S - - - -

Guinea ------

Guinea- Bissau R R - - - - -

ESPI Report 26 123 September 2010

1979 National Law Space National Pol- Space icy 1967 Outer Space Treaty 1968 Rescue Agreement 1972 Liability Con- vention 1976 Registration Convention Moon Agree- ment Kenya R - R - - - -

Lesotho S S - - - - -

R Ratified S Signed 9 Existing national space policy 9 Existing national space law

ESPI Report 26 124 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Annex 2: Project Overview for European Actors

This Annex lists in tables some projects were the European Commission and ESA are involved. Mo- re projects and details of these projects can be found in the main part of the report.

A2.1 European Space Agency

Responsible/ Projects Objectives Partners Status Implementers

Provision of EO data for GMES ASI, BNSC, CDTI, CNES, pre-operational; monitoring environ- Space Com- EC, ESA CSA, DLR, EC, Sentinel-1 to be ment ponent EUMETSAT, ESA launched in 2011 and supporting civil security expert centres in EO Help African nations applications for water first implementa- overcome difficulties in management, private tion period over collection, analysis and sector, NGOs, finance & (2005-2007); TIGER dissemination of wa- ESA development agencies second imple- ter-related geo- (collectively representing mentation period information Through the TIGER Stakeholder ongoing EO exploitation Group) Investigate potential for satellite communication technology as African organisations, pilot project pro- TTF ESA support for healthcare WHO, EC, ESA posed systems in sub- Saharan Africa space-based technologies for support to Comunita di Sant'Egidio, supply antiretrovirals SpaceDream ESA LUXSpace, CISAS Ongoing for treatment of 'G.Colombo', ESA HIV/AIDS in sub- Saharan Africa study potential role of geographic and space WHO, Medecins Sans techniques related to Frontieres, ESA, GISA HIV/AIDS and ARV ESA Ongoing UNAIDS, Telecoms Sans issues in sub-Saharan Frontieres Africa. GIS for tracking epidemics Development and demonstration of EO Identifying technology for identi- Natural Mos- ESA ESA Ongoing fying natural mosquito quito Habitats habitats and predicting Malaria risk in Africa

ESPI Report 26 125 September 2010

provide local Zambian policy makers with Zambian Water Authori- IWAREMA necessary tools for ESA Ongoing ties, ESA effective water resource management

A2.2 European Commission

Responsible/ Projects Objectives Partners Status Implementers International project to improve understanding of French initia- Agencies from FR, UK, US AMMA the West African monsoon tive; and Africa; CSEl UCAD, IPD, since 2002 and its variability using a EC FP6 DIREL; Medias-France multi-scale approach DST; MCST-Botswana; MCST-Lesotho; ICT PITU- Multi-stakeholder initiative Mozambique; ME-Namibia, IST-Africa focused on capacity build- IIMC; NCB-Mauritius; COSTECH; (2010- ing; open to collaboration Ongoing EC FP7 & FP6 UNCST; MoHEST; MESRS- 2011) and interested in having Burundi; MPO-ICT-Rwanda; space projects ANTIC-Cameroon; MRS; MCIT-Egypt MoHEST; RA; UNCST; A four year joint Africa- MINEDUC; DR-MENRS; Europe platform dedicated MOST-KE; AU- CSIR-STEPRI; DGESC; CAAST-Net to advancing biregional ACU; MINRESI; MRS; DST; AU- ongoing cooperation in science and EC FP7 ACU; PT-DLR; IRD; RCN; technology JyU-UniPID; VINNOVA; CIRAD; FCT Explores the use of EO ALGOSYSTEMS; techniques to elaborate HIDROMOD; University of generic method helping GEOSCIENCES Bologna; University of Cov- ongoing experts in building vulner- CONSULTANTS entry; National Observatory SCHEMA 01/08/07 - ability and hazard impact sarl; of Athens; CRTS; ACRI-ST; 01/08/10 maps associated with EC FP6 Bulgarian Academy of Sci- tsunamis and disaster ence; JRC-IPSC; TUBITAK- scenarios MRC-EMSC Operational and timely distribution system of Flemish Insti- vegetation data from tute for Tech- Flemish Institute for Tech- completed VGT4- SPOT satellites and creat- nological Re- nological Research; EC-JRC- 01/01/05 - AFRICA ing high level derived search; IES; MEDIAS-France 01/01/08 products to all African EC FP6 countries The project analyses the potential applications completed available from Galileo and Thales Alenia; AFSAGA CSIR; Thales Alenia 01/03/07 - satellite communications EC FP6 01/03/08 in South Africa and the SADC region. Aims at developing and Astrium SAS; CNES; Cema- validating technical fea- gref; Universite Blaise- completed tures for improved per- Astrium SAS; Pascal; Sabanci University; Net-ADDeD 01/04/07 - formance of operation of EC FP6 Telemedicine Technologies; 01/04/09 hybrid satellite wireless MICNTl Groupement des technologies. Retraites Educateurs sans

ESPI Report 26 126 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Responsible/ Projects Objectives Partners Status Implementers Frontieres; Universite Medi- cale Virtuelle Francophone; Istanbul Medical Faculty; Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie Universite Has- san II; FORTHnet SA; Con- nected Schools Improves the open public service offered by the USA's GPS, making it EC; ESA; Eurocontrol; suitable for safety critical EC; ESA; Euro- EGNOS AENA; DFS; ENAV; NATS; ongoing applications. control NAV; Skyguide The possibility of extending EGNOS coverage to Africa is being evaluated Aims to construct a net- PML; UCT; Portuguese Insti- work linking EO informa- tute of Marine Research; tion providers, user net- DMI; EUMETSAT; ongoing Plymouth Ma- works and centres of ex- NERC/NOCS; Institute of started rine Labora- EAMNet cellence in Europe and Marine Sciences University end 2009 tory; Africa in the area of of Dar-es-Salaam; Univer- duration EC FP7 coastal and marine obser- sity of Ghana; MeteoFrance; 36 months vations towards sustain- Egypt National Institute of able development in Africa Oceanography & Fisheries Providing reliable, worldwide and continuous ac- VITO; ACMAD; AGRHYMET; ongoing cess to EO data and de- CONAB; CREAN; CSIR; started rived environmental in- VITO; DMI; EMBRAPA; EUMETSAT; DevCoCast 01/05/08 formation for sustainable EC FP7 INPE; INTA; ITC; JRC-IES; duration development. A core in- UCT/MA-RE; NERC/NOCS; 36 months frastructure and early PML success of GEOSS. Aims to fill ICT information gap, and collect and VITO; ARU; CSIR; Completed share ICT for Disaster and VITO; EUMETSAT; GEOSAT Tech- AIDA 01/06/08 - Risk Management knowl- EC FP7 nology; IER; ITC; FUTM; 01/06/10 edge and solutions in Af- NET Qi; TSF rica Aims to extend the operational use of EO technologies and data to environmental and climate moni- Ongoing toring applications in or- AUC; Thales Alenia; IRD; started der to provide all African AUC; BLR; AGRYMET; CICOS; October AMESD nations with the resources EU-EDF BDMS; ICPAC; MOI; 2007 needed to manage their EUMETSAT; EC-JRC duration environment more effec- 48 months tively and ensure long term sustainable development in the region. Will monitor changes in- ATOS; Technical University duced by human activi- Dresden; 52 North Initiative Ongoing ties, with emphasis on for Geospatial Open Source started EO2HEAVEN atmospheric, river, lake EC FP7 Software; Umweltbunde- 01/02/10 and coastal marine pollu- samt; SPOT image; duration tion. Three different cases NEVANTROPIC; EC-DG; 36 months (in Europe and South Af- JRC; CSIR; Open Geospatial

ESPI Report 26 127 September 2010

Responsible/ Projects Objectives Partners Status Implementers rica) will be assessed and Consortium; Fraunhofer; solutions evaluated. Bureau de recherche gro- logiques et minieres; Sticht- ing International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation; University of Kwazulu-Natal; ICT Policy Implementation Technical Unit Aims at setting up the preparatory phase for the Beak Consultants; BGR; building of an information BGS; BRGM; CIFEG; CGS; system containing and CzechGS; DNG; GD-SUM- Ongoing making accessible data UNZA; GSD; GSE; GSM; started AEGOS and knowledge on African EC FP7 GTK; INETI; IRA; IRD; JRC- 09/02/09 geological resources in- IES; MMI; PGI; RBINS; duration cluding mineral resources, SEAMIC; TNO; UEMOA; 30 months raw material, groundwater DGS; DNG M; EUMETSAT; and energy (geore- MAWF; RMCA; SGU sources).

Stichting International Insti- Create conditions for im- tute for Geo-information Ongoing provement and increase of Science and Earth Observa- started GEO capacity building tion; CNRS; IRD; Karlova October GEONetCab EC FP7 activities and frameworks Universita; Centrum Badan 2009 with special emphasis on Kosmicznych Polska Akade- duration developing countries mia Nauk; CSIR; CRAST; 36 months Umvoto Africa

BRGM; INGV; IST; CNRS; Aims at developing tools NILU; KELL; INESC-ID; Ongoing and integrated cost effec- Hohenheim University; Uni- started tive methodologies to MIA-VITA EC FP7 versity of Cambridge; 01/10/08 mitigate risks from vari- DDSC; DPCI; INMG; duration ous hazards on active MINIMIDT; CVGHM; 48 months volcanoes PHIVOLCS Aims to reinforce S&T cooperation and partner- Ongoing ship between Morocco and MENARA; MENESFCRS; started M2ERA Europe in order to foster EC FP7 CNRST; Aster; TETHYS; 01/12/08 the integration of Morocco CIRPS consortium duration into the European Re- 36 months search Area. Is based on the S&T agreement signed between South Africa and Ongoing the European Union and started seeks to build on the ESASTAP2 EC FP7 DTS 01/09/08 foundation laid by the duration European-South African 36 months Science and Technology Advancement Programme (ESASTAP).

ESPI Report 26 128 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Appendix 3: Questionnaires

2. The African Union is a direct partner to the European Union. How is this viewed? Is this functional/effective? A3.1 Questions to African ac- Does it reflect the African reality? tors for obtaining coun- Should other constructions be considered? Regional Communities? (e.g. tries profiles Economic Community of West Africa, South African Development Commu- Q1. Is there any agreement between your nity etc.), UN ECA, other? country and/or national space agency and another African country in the field of space 3. In outreach and capacity building in activities and the use of satellite applications? Space, which are the main European and African players? Q2. Is there any agreement between your country and/or national space agency and 4. Which are the actions for sustainable another European country in the field of development that Africans are under- space? taking themselves? Q3. More generally, is there any other part- 5. What is the level of horizontal coop- nership or programme with other African eration between African countries countries that your country may have been themselves? engaged into, and that fully or partially relies 6. Are the African leaders convinced of on space technologies for its implementation? the benefits of Space? (in the field of education, development aid agriculture, or any other). 7. How should African leaders be addressed regarding the benefits of us- Q4. Does your country have a space agency, ing satellite applications for sustain- space policy, space programme and who is able development in Africa? the responsible body? 8. What should be the next steps at the policy level? A3.2 Questions to African ac- 9. How high/low are space & space ap- tors for drawing policy plications on the political agenda? 10. Why do African nations feel a need to perspectives in European cooperate with Europe? African Partnership through the use of satel- Part 2: Economic lite applications 1. Are current funding mechanisms in place adequate for sustainable development? Part 1: Political a. Which can be considered as suc- 1. How should African groupings in rela- cess stories? tion to need, capabilities, social and b. Which can be considered as les- political relations be split? sons for avoidance? • Via regions: North, East, South, c. What should be done next? West, Centre 2. In relation to the previous question, • Via Languages: French, English funding Mechanisms to discuss are: etc. a. European funding • Via interests: desertification, deforestation, disease etc. b. African funding c. European African co-funding

ESPI Report 26 129 September 2010

d. Public Private Partnerships A3.3 Questions to European 3. Is there an overview of funding levels actors for obtaining coun- in pan-African or national levels? tries profiles 4. Which are the actions for sustainable development that Africans are under- Q1. Is there any agreement between your taking themselves? country and/or national space agency and an African counterpart in the field of space ? Part 3: Social Q2. More generally, is there any other part- 1. Are the benefits of space well com- nership or programme with Africa that your municated to the citizens? country may be engaged into, and that fully or partly relies on space technologies for its 2. Are the citizens able to use them? implementation ? (in the field of education, 3. What is considered to be the most development aid, agriculture or any other beneficial space application for Afri- domain)? can society? 4. What happens after a project is completed? Is there continuation? How is A3.4 Questions aux acteurs this monitored? Is there an African africains pour l’élaboration authority or other body that takes up the responsibility after a project is des perspectives politiques completed? du partenariat européen- 5. What happens to projects conducted africain à travers in partnership with non-African partners after external partners leave the l’utilisation des applica- project? Does enough local expertise/infrastructure remain in Africa for tions de satellites sustainability? 6. Has there been measurable evidence Première Partie: Volet politique. of the results of space applications to 1. De quelle manière faut-il effectuer the local communities in achieving des regroupements de pays par rap- the millennium goals? Please give export aux besoins, aux capacités, aux amples. relations sociales et politiques? 7. Lessons learned: good and bad prac- • Par régions: le nord, l'est, le sud, tices? What is needed and what can l'ouest, le centre be done next? • Par langues: français, anglais Part 4: Technological etc. • Par intérêts: la désertification, la 1. Technology levels can be seen as ac- déforestation, les maladies etc. tive or passive user, technology developer. User needs mapping cur- 2. L'Union Africaine est un partenaire di- rently is being performed for GMES. rect de l'Union Européenne. Comment What else has been done? What other cela est-il perçu? Est-ce que c'est mapping of needs are missing and fonctionnel/efficace ? Est- ce que cela what should be the next steps? reflète la réalité africaine? D'autres constructions devraient-elles être 2. What thematic topics are missing? considérées, telles que des commun- 3. What can be done to facilitate tech- autés régionales? (par exemple La nology development? How should this Communauté Économique de l'Afri- be looked at the different technology que Ouest, la Communauté de Déve- levels? loppement sud-africaine, la Commis- sion Economique pour l’Afrique etc.) 4. How is sustainability viewed in this ou autres ? context? 3. Quels sont les principaux acteurs eu- 5. Which mechanisms exist for success- ropéens et africains en termes de fully training/educating the next gen- travail de proximité et de renforce- eration of Africans in space activities ment des capacités spatiales? and applications using satellites?

ESPI Report 26 130 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

4. Quelles sont les actions pour le déve- 2. Les citoyens sont-ils capables de les loppement durable que les Africains utiliser? entreprennent eux-mêmes? 3. Quelle est l'application spatiale qui 5. Quel niveau de coopération horizon- est perçue comme la plus avan- tale existe-t-il entre les pays africains tageuse pour la société africaine? ? 4. Qu’arrive-t-il lorsqu’un projet est 6. Les leaders africains sont-ils convain- achevé? Y a-t- il une continuité? cus des avantages de l’Espace? Comment est-ce géré? Y a-t-il une autorité africaine ou un organe quel- 7. Comment les aborder pour promou- conque qui prend le relais? voir auprès d’eux les avantages de l’utilisation des applications des satel- 5. Qu’arrive-t-il aux projets menés en lites pour le développement durable partenariat avec des partenaires non en Afrique? africains après le départ de ces der- niers? Reste-t-il assez d'expertise et 8. Quelles devraient être les étapes sui- d’infrastructures locales pour la dura- vantes au niveau de la politique me- bilité? née? 6. Y a-t-il eu des preuves quantifiables 9. Quelle place l´espace et les applica- des résultats des applications des sations spatiales occupent-ils dans tellites pour les communautés locales l’ordre du jour politique? dans l'accomplissement des objectifs 10. Pourquoi les nations africaines res- du millénaire pour le développement? sentent-elles le besoin de coopérer Pouvez-vous donner des exemples? avec l'Europe? 7. Les leçons apprises: bonnes et mau- vaises pratiques? Quels sont les be- Deuxième partie: Volet économique soins actuels et qu'est-ce qui peut être entrepris par la suite? 1. Les mécanismes actuels de financement sont-t-ils adéquats pour le dé- veloppement durable? Quatrième partie: Volet technologique a. Lesquels peut-on considérer 1. On peut considérer plusieurs niveaux comme des succès? de technologie : utilisateur passif, utilisateur actif, développeur de tech- b. Lesquels doit-on éviter à l’avenir nologie. Les besoins de l’utilisateur ? sont actuellement en cours de classi- c. Quelle est la prochaine action à fication pour le GMES. Quelles autres entreprendre en ce domaine? tâches ont été accomplies? Qu’est-ce qui manque encore à l’identification 2. En relation avec la question pré- des besoins? Quelles devraient être cédente, voici les mécanismes de files prochaines étapes? nancement à envisager : 2. Quels sont les sujets thématiques a. Financement européen manquants? b. Financement africain 3. Que peut-on faire pour faciliter le dé- c. Cofinancement africain et eu- veloppement technologique à dif- ropéen férents niveaux? d. Partenariats public- privé 4. Comment le développement durable est-il perçu dans ce contexte? 3. Y-a-t-il une vue d’ensemble des niveaux de financement au niveau pan- 5. Quels sont les mécanismes existants africain ou national? pour former et éduquer la prochaine génération d’Africains à l’espace et 4. Quelles sont les actions pour le déve- aux applications utilisant les satel- loppement durable que les Africains lites? entreprennent eux-mêmes?

Troisième Partie : Volet social 1. Les avantages de l’espace sont-ils bien expliqués aux citoyens?

ESPI Report 26 131 September 2010

A3.3 Questions to European 12. Why do African nations feel such a strong need to cooperate with actors for drawing policy Europe? perspectives in European African Partnership Part 2: Economic through the use of satel- 1. Are current funding mechanisms in place adequate for sustainable devel- lite applica-tionsPart 1: Po- opment? litical a. Which can be considered as success stories? 1. Why is Europe interested in Euro- b. Which can be considered as les- pean-African cooperation? What are sons for avoidance? the underlying motives? c. What should be done next? 2. How strong is the European interest in Africa? 2. Funding Mechanisms to discuss 3. How is the increasing involvement of a. European funding non-European players in Africa (like China ) perceived by Europeans? b. African funding 4. How should African groupings in rela- c. European African co-funding tion to need, capabilities, social and d. Public Private Partnerships political relations be split? 3. How is the progress on the actions for • Via regions: North, East, South, sustainable development that Afri- West, Centre cans are undertaking themselves • Via Languages: French, English viewed by the Europeans? etc. • Via interests: desertification, de- Part 3: Social forestation, disease etc. 1. Are the benefits of space well com- 5. The African Union is the direct part- municated to the citizens? ner to the European Union. How is 2. Are the citizens able to use them? this viewed? Is this func- How do they differ from our European tional/effective? Does it reflect the understanding? African reality? Should other constructions be considered ? Regional 3. What is the most beneficial space ap- Communities? (eg. Economic Com- plication for African society from a munity of West Africa, South African European perspective? Development Community etc.) other? 4. What happens after a project fin- Should there be a more ‘peer to peer’ ishes? Is there continuation? How is involvement? this monitored? Are the European 6. In outreach and capacity building in Stakeholders involved? Space, which are the main European 5. What happens to projects in partner- and African players? ship after external partners leave the 7. Which are the actions for sustainable scenes? Does enough local exper- development that Africans are under- tise/infrastructure remain? What is taking themselves? And how are the European involvement? these perceived by Europeans? 6. Has there been measurable evidence 8. Are the African leaders convinced of of the results of space to the commu- the benefits of Space? nities in achieving the millennium goals? 9. How to address them? 7. Lessons learned: good and bad prac- 10. What should be the next steps at the tices? What is needed and what can policy level? be done next? 11. How high/low are space & space applications on the political agenda?

ESPI Report 26 132 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Part 4: Technological 4. How is a ‘system of systems’ build up approach perceived? 1. Technology levels can be seen as passive user, active user, technology 5. How is sustainability viewed by Euro- developer. User needs mapping are peans in this context? currently being performed for GMES. 6. Which mechanisms exist for success- What else has been done? What other fully training/educating the next gen- mapping of needs are missing and eration in space and related tech- what should be the next steps? nologies? 2. What thematic topics are missing? 3. What can be done to facilitate technology development? How should we look at the different levels?

ESPI Report 26 133 September 2010

List of Acronyms

AARSE African Association of Remote Sensing for Environment AAU Association of African Universities ACMAD African Centre for Meteorological Applications ACP Africa/Caribbean/Pacific countries ACSRT African Centre for Studies and Research on Terrorism ACST African Cluster on Science and Technology ADOS African Doppler Survey (ended in 1986) AEG African Expert Group AfDB African Development Bank AFREF African Geodetic Reference Frame AICC African Institute on Climate Change ALC African Leaders Conference AMCEN African Ministerial Conference on the Environment AMCOST African Ministerial Conference on Science and Technology AMESD African Monitoring for Sustained Environment and Development AOCRS African Organization of Cartography and Remote Sensing AOSTI African Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation APF African Peace Facility APM Anti-Personnel Landmines APO African Press Organisation APRM African Peer Review Mechanism APSA African Peace and Security Architecture ARAPKE African Regional Action Plan for Knowledge Economy (AU initiative) ARC AGRHYMET Regional Centre (specialized institute of CILSS) ARMC African Resource Management Constellation ASAL Algerian Space Agency (Agence Spatiale Algerienne) AU PSC AU Peace and Security Council AUC African Union Commission AUC-HRST AUC’s Department on Human Resource Science and Technology AXIS African Internet Exchange System BASIC Building Africa’s Scientific and Institutional Capacity CAAST-Net Network for the Coordination and Advancement of Africa=EU Science and Tech- nology Cooperation CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa CILSS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel ClimDev Africa African Climate Information for Development Programme

ESPI Report 26 134 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

CODIST ECA’s Committee on Development Information, Science and Technology CPA Africa’s Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action CRM Climate Risk Management CRTS Royal Centre for Remote Sensing CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research CSOs Civil Society Organisations DCI Development Cooperation Instrument DGESC Direccao Geral de Ensino Superior a Ciencia, Cape Verde DR-MENRS Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research DRSRS Department of Resources Surveys and Remote Sensing, Kenya DST Department of Science and Technology, South Africa EAC East African Community EAMNet Europe-Africa Marine EO Network ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECOSOCC AU Economic, Social and Cultural Council ECOWAS Economic Community of East African States EDCTP European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership EDF European Development Fund EEG European Expert Group EESC European Economic and Social Committee EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service ENPI European Neighbourhood Policy Instrument EP European Parliament EPAs Economic Partnership Agreements ERA European Research Area ERW Explosive Remnants of War EUROGI European Umbrella Organization for Geographic Information FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa FP6 Framework Programme 6 FP7 Framework Programme 7 GCCA Global Climate Change Alliance HESS High Energy Stereoscopic System IAA International Academy of Astronautics IAG International Association of Geodesy ICA Infrastructure Consortium for Africa ICPAC IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre ICSU International Council for Science IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development INCO Instruments for Cooperation IOC Indian Ocean Commission ITRF International Terrestrial Reference Frame KMD Kenya Meteorological Department

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MDGs Millennium Development Goals MEAs Multilateral Environmental Agreements MinESS Ministry of Education, Sport and Science, Ghana MINISTR Ministry of Science and Technology, Rwanda MINRESI Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Cameroon MOST-KE Ministry of Science and Technology MPC Mediterranean Partner Countries MRS Ministere de la Recherche Scientifique, Senegal NARSS National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, Egypt NASRDA National Space Research and Development Agency, Nigeria NCST National Council for Science and Technology, Kenya NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NRF National Research Foundation, South Africa OOSA United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs PAIPO Pan African Intellectual Property Organisation PAP Pan-African Parliament PAU Pan African University PIDA Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa PPPs Public-Private Partnerships PRSAO West African Regional Health Programme (Programme Regional Sante en Afrique de l’Ouest) PRSPs Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers PSC Partnership Steering Committee PUMA Preparation for the Use of Meteosat second generation in Africa RA Research (Africa) (Pty) Ltd., South Africa RASCOM Regional African Satellite Communications Organisation RCMRD Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development, Kenya RECs Regional Economic Communities RECTAS Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys SAAO South African Astronomical Observatory SADC South African Development Community SALT South African Large Telescope SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons SBAS Satellite-based Augmentation Services SICAs Specific International Cooperation Actions SSLT Surrey Satellite Technology UNCST Ugandan National Council for Science and Technology UN-ECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa YD Yamoussoukro Decision

ESPI Report 26 136 September 2010 European-African Partnership in Satellite Applications for Sustainable Development

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the speakers at the European-African Roundtable, chaired by Kai- Uwe Schrogl (Director ESPI) and co-chaired by Colin Hicks (President Eurisy) on 10 February 2010: Ulrich Huth (UNCOPUOS-STSC Chairman), Adigun Ade Abiodun (Former Chairman UNCOPUOS, Founder of the African Space Foundation, Nigeria), Driss el Hadani (Director Royal Centre for Re- mote Sensing, Morocco), Peter Martinez (Division Head of Space Science and Technology, South African Astronomical Observatory), Jean-Francois Mayence (Belgian EU Council Presidency 2/2010) and Marie-Elisabeth de Vel (International Relations ESA). The author would also like to thank the participants in the European stakeholders workshop on 24 June 2010 held in Vienna on European- African partnership: Lionel Poncelet (Belgian High Representation for Space Policy), Michel Bosco (European Commission), Juan-Carlos Villagràn de León (United Nations), Vincent Gabaglio (EUMETSAT), Christine Leurquin (SES) and Colin Hicks and Sebastian Rieder (Eurisy). The author would like to thank the UNSPIDER organisers for the invitation to participate in their Addis Ababa workshop of 6 to 10 July 2010, in particular Juan-Carlos Villagràn de León (UNSPIDER), Michael Leitgab (UNSPIDER), Agnieszka Lukaszczyk (SWF) and the Austrian government for providing travel funding. The author would also like to thank all those who provided additional information and comments on drafts of this report during the UNSPIDER workshop in Addis Ababa and after. In particular the author would like to thank Makane Faye (UNECA), Elizabeth Maeda (Ministry of Agriculture, Tanzania), Vincent Gabaglio (EUMETSAT), Harry De Backer (EC), Jean-Paul Malingreau (JRC), Micheline Tabache (ESA), Florian Loire (EADS Astrium), Ghislain De La Sayette (EADS Astrium), Marc Leroy (AMESD), Nick Veck (Infoterra) and Jo Lambert (Infotera). The mapping could have not been prepared without the input by numerous African and European contributors for which the author is especially grateful. Special thanks are due to Lionel Poncelet for his support in this study and for his trust that this effort would become a useful input to the Belgian EU Council Presidency. Last but not least thanks go to ESPI Director Kai-Uwe Schrogl for providing his guidance and advice throughout the project duration. The author would also like to highlight the support of Cecile Desnos, Olufunke Ero-Phillips and Karina Wardak for their assistance in conducting this study.

Participants in the stakeholder workshop organised by ESPI (from left): Michel Bosco (EC), Christine Leurquin (SES), Cecile Desnos (ESPI), Christina Giannopapa (ESPI), Lionel Poncelet (Belgian EU Council Presidency 2/2010), Sebastian Rieder (Eurisy), Vincent Gabaglio (EUMETSAT)

ESPI Report 26 137 September 2010

Round table from left: Colin Hicks (President Eurisy), Adigun Ade Abiodun (Former Chairman UNCOPUOS, Founder of the Afri- can Space Foundation, Nigeria), Driss el Hadani (Director Royal Centre for Remote Sensing, Morocco), Peter Martinez (Division Head of Space Science and Technology, South African Astronomical Observatory), Jean-Francois Mayence (Belgian EU Council Presidency 2/2010), Marie-Elisabeth de Vel (International Relations ESA) and Kai-Uwe Schrogl (Director ESPI)

UN SPIDER workshop organisers and ESPI Resident Fellow. From right: Michael Leitgab (UNOOSA), Andre Nonguerma (UNECA), Christina Giannopapa (ESPI), Juan-Carlos Villagràn de León (UNOOSA), Agnieszka Lukaszczyk (SWF).

ESPI Report 26 138 September 2010

Mission Statement of ESPI

The mission of the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) is to provide decision-makers with an independent view and analysis on mid- to long-term issues relevant to the use of space.

Through its activities, ESPI contributes to facilitate the decision-making process, increases awareness of space technologies and applications with the user communities, opinion leaders and the public at large, and supports researchers and students in their space-related work.

To fulfil these objectives, the Institute supports a network of experts and centres of excellence working with ESPI in-house analysts.