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Toxicological Assessment of Hanford Tank Headspace Chemicals - Determination of Chemicals of Potential Concern

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Toxicological Assessment of Hanford Tank Headspace Chemicals - Determination of Chemicals of Potential Concern PNNL-14949 Rev. 0 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Toxicological Assessment of Hanford Tank Headspace Chemicals - Determination of Chemicals of Potential Concern I. E. Burgeson N. A. Moore A. L. Bunn J. L. Huckaby December 2004 • Prepared for CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared by Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle) as an account of sponsored research activities. Neither Client nor Battelle nor any person acting on behalf of either: MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report may not infringe privately owned rights; or Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by Battelle. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of Battelle. @ This document was printed on recycled paper. (9/97) PNNL-14949 Rev. 0 Toxicological Assessment of Hanford Tank Headspace Chemicals - Determination of Chemicals of Potential Concern I. E. Burgeson N. A. Moore A. L. Bunn J. L. Huckaby December 2004 Prepared for CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. Pacific Northwest Nationa] Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Summary A toxicological assessment of chemicals found, or predicted to be present, in Hanford tank headspaces was performed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in support of the Industrial Hygiene Chemical Vapor Technical Basis produced by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. The objective of the toxicological assessment was to identify chemicals of potential concern that might be present in the worker's breathing zone. A list of 1826 chemicals was compiled that included the gases and vapors that have been identified in tank headspace characterization samples, a list of chemicals proposed by the Industrial Hygiene Tank Vapor Data Quality Objectives team, and other volatile chemicals identified as being potentially present in the headspaces on the bases of waste chemistry. Inhalation occupational exposure levels were collected for these chemicals using recognized technical resources. A database system was used to organize the information on each chemical, document the results of the classification process, and maintain the records of the cited literature. Once the chemical list was compiled and the existing toxicological information collected, criteria were established to prioritize the chemicals using reported headspace concentration data and the toxicological information. Chemicals were separated as either carcinogens or non-carcinogens and then further sub­ grouped based upon availability and type of inhalation occupational exposure levels. The chemicals were further separated according to whether they had been detected in the tank headspaces or only predicted to be present by established chemical reactions. Carcinogens were sub-divided according to whether they are known human carcinogens, probable human carcinogens, or possible carcinogens. Chemicals were categorized as either high-priority, needing further evalu~tion, or low probability of worker exposure, based upon carcinogenicity and a simple comparison of maximum observed tank headspace concentrations to the corresponding lowest occupational exposure guideline available. Chemicals identified as known and probable carcinogens were placed on the high-priority list without consideration to the measured concentration. Chemicals measured at greater than l 0% of the lowest available occupational exposure guideline were also placed in the high-priority list. Chemicals not designated as known or probable carcinogens were identified as needing further evaluation if they had no established occupational exposure guideline, no measured tank or tank headspace concentration, or the maximum reported headspace concentration was less than 10% of the occupational exposure guideline. Chemicals that were determined to be non-plausible in the tank headspace or non-discernible entries from characterization results (e.g., "alkane mixture") were placed on the low probability of exposure list. The categorization resulted in the following designations: • 52 high-priority chemicals • 1538 chemicals that need further evaluation • 236 chemicals that are considered low probability of exposure. iii List of Terms ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association AEGL Acute Exposure Guideline ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry CAS Chemical Abstracts Service CHRIS Chemical Hazard Response Information System CH2M HILL CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. COPC Chemical of Potential Concern DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene DQO Data Quality Objective EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ERP GS Emergency Response Planning Guideline Series GC-MS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer IH Industrial Hygiene IRAC International Agency for Research on Cancer IRIS Integrated Risk Information System ITP Independent Toxicological Panel JSC Johnson Space Center LOEG Lowest Occupational Exposure Guideline MRL Minimal Risk Level NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health OEL Occupational Exposure Limit OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PEL Permissible Exposure Limit PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RAC Reference Allowable Concentration REL Recommended Exposure Limit v RfC Reference Concentration RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances SEAL Submarine Escape Action Level SMAC Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentration STEL Short-I erm Exposure Limit TCD Tank Characterization Database TEEL Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit TLV Threshold Limit Value TWA Time-Weighted Average TWINS Tank Waste Information Network System voe Volatile Organic Compound WEEL Workplace Environmental Exposure Level .11.!!lli kg kilograms L liters m meters m3 cubic meters mg milligrams ppbv parts per billion by volume ppmv parts per million by volume s second Vl Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the following Pacific Northwest National Laboratory staff for their assistance in completing this research: Robert Stenner for his toxicological expertise and Bonnie Hoopes for her database expertise. They would also like to thank CH2M HILL staff for their assistance in the preparation of this document: Joe Meacham, Jim Honeymann, Robert Cash, and Addanki Sastry. They would especially like to thank Dr. Leon Stock for his assistance in evaluating tank waste components. Vll Contents Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... iii List of Terms ................................................................................................................................................. v 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1.1 2.0 Data Sources ..................................................................................................................................... 2.1 2.1 List of Chemicals for Evaluation ............................................................................................. 2.1 2.2 Sources for Inhalation Occupational Exposure Levels ............................................................ 2.2 2.3 Sources for Identification of Carcinogenicity Ranking ........................................................... 2.3 2.4 Sources for Other Chemical-Specific Parameters ................................................................... 2.3 2.5 Database Population ................................................................................................................ 2.6 3.0 Evaluation Methodology ................................................................................................................... 3.1 3.1 CAS Number Assessment and Chemical Discemability ......................................................... 3.1 3.2 Carcinogenicity Classification ................................................................................................. 3.2 3.3 Comparison with OEL or RAC ............................................................................................... 3.2 3.4 Chemicals Without TCD Concentration Data ......................................................................... 3.3 3.5 Criteria for Identifying and Prioritizing the Chemicals of Potential Concern List.. ................ 3.3 4.0 Results of Categorization and Prioritization ..................................................................................... 4.1 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 5.1 6.0 References ......................................................................................................................................... 6.1
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