(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,973,161 B2 WAFS E.W. E. W (US); (52) U.S. C...54

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,973,161 B2 WAFS E.W. E. W (US); (52) U.S. C...54 US007973161B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,973,161 B2 Bruncko et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jul. 5, 2011 (54) APOPTOSIS PROMOTERS (60) Provisional application No. 60/519,695, filed on Nov. 13, 2003. (75) Inventors: Milan Bruncko, Green Oaks, IL (US); Hong Ding, Gurnee, IL (US); Steven (51) Int. Cl. Elmore, Northbrook, IL (US); Aaron C07D 24I/02 (2006.01) Kunzer, Arlington Heights, IL (US); C07D 403/02 (2006.01) WAFS E.W. E. w (US); (52) U.S. C. ................................ 544/393; 54.4/121 (US);an Cheol-Min cellan, Park, waukegan, Singapore (SG); (58) Field of Classification Search ........................ None Andrew Petros, Mundelein, IL (US); See application file for complete search history. Xiaohong Song, Grayslake, IL (US); (56) References Cited Xilu Wang, Grayslake, IL (US); Noah Tu, Gurnee, IL (US); Michael Wendt, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Vernon Hills, IL (US); Alexander 5,138,069 A 8, 1992 Carini et al. Shoemaker, Green Oaks, IL (US); 6,410,584 B1 6/2002 Pamukcu et al. Michael Mitten, Beach Park, IL (US) 6,720,338 B2 4/2004 Augeri et al. (73) Assignee: Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL (Continued) (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this NZ 230 136 12/1991 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued) U.S.C. 154(b) by 1010 days. This patent is Subject to a terminal dis- OTHER PUBLICATIONS claimer. Thomas H. Corbett, et al., “Discovery and Preclinical Antitumor Efficacy Evaluations of LY32262 and LY33169. Investigational (21) Appl. No.: 11/600,445 New Drugs, Feb. 21, 2003, vol. 31: pp. 33-45. (22) Filed: Nov. 16, 2006 (Continued) (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner — Zinna N Davis US 2007/0072860A1 Mar. 29, 2007 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Jones Day Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/491,851, Disclosed are compounds which inhibit the activity of anti filed on Jul. 24, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part apoptotic protein family members, compositions containing of application No. 11/202,827, filed on Aug. 12, 2005, the compounds and uses of the compounds for preparing now Pat. No. 7,642,260, which is a medicaments for treating diseases during which occurs continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/127,940, expression one or more than one of an anti-apoptotic protein filed on May 12, 2005, now Pat. No. 7,767,684, which family member. is a continuation-in-part of application No. 10/988,338, filed on Nov. 12, 2004, now abandoned. 5 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets EXAMPLE 2 and Etoposide 4000 E 3000 -- -H EXAMPLE 2 2000 -A - Etoposide s - -O- EXAMPLE 2 + Etoposide s -(- Combinotion Vehicle 5 1000 S 3. O 14. 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 Days post inoculation US 7,973,161 B2 Page 2 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS ISA, PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated 7,030,115 B2 4/2006 Elmore et al. May 15, 2006, in International Application No. PCT/US2004/ 7,358,251 B2 4/2008 Elmore et al. 037911, filed Nov. 12, 2004. 7,390,799 B2 6, 2008 Bruncko et al. ISA, PCT International Search Report dated May 13, 2005, in Inter 7,449,485 B2 11/2008 Elmore et al. national Application No. PCT/US2004/036770, filed Nov. 3, 2004. 7,504,512 B2 3/2009 Augeri et al. ISA, PCT International Search Report dated May 13, 2005, in Inter 7,585,858 B2 9, 2009 Elmore et al. 7,642,260 B2 1/2010 Bruncko et al. national Application No. PC1/US2004/037911, filed Nov. 12, 2004. 2002fOO86887 A1 7/2002 Augeri et al. Kutzki, et al., “Development of Potent Bcl-Xl Antagonist Based on 2003/01 19894 A1 6/2003 Murthy et al. O-Helix Mimicry,” J. Am. Chern. Soc., 2002, 124, 11838-11839. 2006/0258657 A1 11/2006 Bruncko et al. Tse et al., “ABT-263: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable Bcl-2 Family 2007, OO15787 A1 1/2007 Bruncko et al. Inhibitor.” May 1, 2008, Cancer Research 68(9):3421-3428. 2008/0076779 A1 3/2008 Elmore et al. Wang, et al., “Structure-based discovery of an organic compound that 2008/0287419 A1 11/2008 Bruncko et al. binds Bcl-2 protein and induces apoptosis of tumor cells.” PNAS, Jun. 20, 2000, vol.97, No. 13, pp. 7124-7129. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Wang, et al., “A novel Small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-X inhibits WO O224636 A1 3, 2002 tumor growth in a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma WO 02098.848 A1 12/2002 Xenograft model.” Proceedings of the American Association for Can WO O3040 107 A1 5, 2003 cer Research, vol. 44, 2" Ed., Jul. 2003, p. 942, #4740. WO WOO3O80586 A1 10, 2003 Amendment and Response filed on Oct. 8, 2009 in U.S. Appl. No. WO 2004.043950 A1 5, 2004 WO 2004.0483.29 A1 6, 2004 1 1/600,445. WO WO 2005/049594 6, 2005 Banker, Gilbert S. et al., “Modem Pharmaceutics, Marcel Dekker', 1996. WO WO2005049593 A2 6, 2005 Final Office Action dated Aug. 12, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 12/120,914. Hattori et al., CAS Accession No. 2006: 298664, 2006. Degterev, et al., “Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of inter Non-final Office Action dated Nov. 28, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. action between the BH3 domain and Bcl-X.” Nature Cell Biology, 12/120,914. vol. 3, Feb. 2001, pp. 173-182. Oltersdorf et al., “An inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins induces Enyedy, et al., “Discovery of Small-Molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 regression of solid tumours.” Nature, 2005, 435. through Structure-Based Computer Screening.” J. Med. Chem. Wang G. et al., “An Efficient Synthesis of ABT-263, a Novel Inhibi 2001, 44, 4313-4324. tor of Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins”. Synthesis, 2008, 15, 2398-2404. ISA, PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Wolff, Mandred E. "Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Dis May 15, 2006, in International Application No. PCT/US2004/ covery.” Principles and Practice, 1995,975-977, 5th Ed, vol. 1, John 036770, filed Nov. 3, 2004. Wiley & Sons. U.S. Patent Jul. 5, 2011 Sheet 1 of 7 US 7,973,161 B2 99 09:9ZZZ 000; 000€ 000Z 000|| (ues Fuu) ION JOun '9NW U.S. Patent US 7,973,161 B2 09GW07ÇÇGZ U.S. Patent US 7,973,161 B2 d'OHO+ZBT1dWWX3 U.S. Patent Jul. 5, 2011 Sheet 4 of 7 US 7,973,161 B2 0009) 0 00çZ'+ 0091?i 000||E. ( B 33 ? G E 009? U.S. Patent Jul. 5, 2011 Sheet 5 Of 7 US 7,973,161 B2 000£ 0 00çZ'+ 000){ 0091?i 0001? 009» ( B % ? Q --| ço U.S. Patent Jul. 5, 2011 Sheet 6 of 7 US 7,973,161 B2 |DNAunS lueOued U.S. Patent Jul. 5, 2011 Sheet 7 Of 7 US 7,973,161 B2 X90 0"| (uu) bulleMS pDd 100 US 7,973,161 B2 1. APOPTOSIS PROMOTERS (I) This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent V/ application Ser. No. 1 1/491,851, filed Jul. 24, 2006, now ly N Yl pending, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent appli 5 cation Ser. No. 1 1/202,827, filed Aug. 12, 2005, now U.S. Pat. i | No. 7,642,260, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent D1 Al B', application Ser. No. 11/127,940, filed May 12, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,767,684, which is a continuation-in-part of 10 wherein A' is N or C(A): U.S. patent application No. 10/988,338, filed Nov. 12, 2004, one or two or three or each of A, B, D" and E' are now abandoned, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional independently selected R', OR', SR', S(O)R', SOR', C(O) Application No. 60/519,695, filed Nov. 13, 2003. R", C(O)OR', OC(O)R', NHR', N(R'), C(O)NHR', C(O) The specifications of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. N(R'), NHC(O)R', NHC(O)OR', NRC(O)NHR', NRC 11/202,827, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/127,940 and 15 (O)N(R'), SONHR', SON(R'), NHSOR', U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/519,695, are hereby NHSONHR' or N(CH)SON(CH)R', and the remainder incorporated by reference into this application. are independently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF, C(O)OH, C(O)NH, or C(O)OR'; and Y' is H, CN, NO, C(O)OH, F, Cl, Br, I, CF. OCF, FIELD OF THE INVENTION 2O CFCF. OCFCF, R7, OR'7, C(O)R'7, C(O)OR'7, SR'7, NH, NHR'7, N(R7), NHC(O)R'7,C(O)NHC(O)NHR'7, This invention pertains to compounds which inhibit the C(O)N(R'7). NHS(O)R7 or NHSOR'7; activity of anti-apoptotic protein family members, composi O tions containing the compounds, and methods of treating B' and Y', together with the atoms to which they are diseases during which are expressed of one or more than one attached, are imidazole or triazole; and of an anti-apoptotic protein family member. one or two or each of A, D" and E' are independently selected R', OR', SR', S(O)R, SOR', C(O)R', C(O)OR', BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION OC(O)R', NHR', N(R'), C(O)NHR', C(O)N(R'), NHC 30 (O)R', NHC(O)OR, NHC(O)NHR', N(CH)C(O)N(CH.) R', SONHR', SON(R').
Recommended publications
  • United States Patent [19] [11] 15 Re. 30,811 Dykstra Et A1
    United States Patent [19] [11] 15 Re. 30,811 Dykstra et a1. [45] Reissued Dec. 1, 1981 [54] SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINES 2,780,577 2/1957 Phillips et a]. .................. .. 424/267 THERAPEUTIC PROCESS AND 3,192,213 1/1965 Krapcho . .. 260/253 COMPOSITIONS 3,789,072 1/1974 Bernstein ...... .. 260/557 D 3,931,195 1/1976 Dykstra et a1. .............. .. 260/293.58 [75] Inventors: Stanley J. Dykstra; Joseph L. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Minielli, both of Evansville, Ind. 73 A. - ._ Mead J hnson 81 C a Lawson, J. Pharm. Ex p . Thera p ., 160, pp . 21-31 (1968). [ 1 ‘Slgnee Evansv?le in mm’ ‘W’ Krapcho et al., J. Med. Chem, 6, p. 219 (1963). ' Krapcho et al., J. Med. Chem, 7, pp. 376-377 (1964). [2!] Appl- NW 98.008 Krapcho et 31., .1. Med. Chem, 9, pp. 809-812 (1966). [22] Filed. No“ 28, 1979 Krapcho et al., J. Med. Chem, 12, pp. 164-166 (1969). Phillips, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72, pp. 1850-1852 (1950). Related US. Patent Documents Primary Examiner—Stanley J. Friedman Reissue of. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert H. Uloth; Robert E. [64] Patent NO.I 4,064,254 Camha" Issued: Dec. 20, 1977 [57] ABSTRACT F531:A 1. N 0 .: 0cL734,583 21 1976 The compounds are of the heterocycltc, class of 2 v _ ’ phenethylpiperidines having an amido substituent in the U-5- APPl1cat1°I151 ortho position of the phenethyl moiety. Substituents in 160] Dlvisio" 0151?’ NO- 620-207’ Ocl- 3» 19751 Pa" N°~ the ortho position include formamido, benzamido, cin 4‘00Oé143' wh‘ch '5 agd‘wls‘gn 025:", No- 384'34l' Jul" namamido, 2-thiophenecarboxamido, alkanesul 31' 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Derivatives of Carboxylic Acid
    Derivatives of Carboxylic Acid acid chloride carboxylate nitrile amide acid anhydride ester Nomenclature of Acid Halides IUPAC: alkanoic acid → alkanoyl halide Common: alkanic acid → alkanyl halide I: 3-aminopropanoyl chloride I: 4-nitropentanoyl chloride c: b-aminopropionyl chloride c: g-nitrovaleryl chloride I: hexanedioyl chloride c: adipoyl chloride Rings: (IUPAC only): ringcarbonyl halide I: benzenecarbonyl bromide I: 3-cylcopentenecarbonyl chloride c: benzoyl bromide Nomenclature of Acid Anhydrides Acid anhydrides are prepared by dehydrating carboxylic acids acetic anhydride ethanoic acid ethanoic anhydride I: benzenecarboxylic anhydride I: butanedioic acid I: butanedioic anhydride c: benzoic andhydride c: succinic acid c: succinic anhydride Some unsymmetrical anhydrides I: ethanoic methanoic I: benzoic methanoic anhydride anhydride I: cis-butenedioic c: benzoic formic anhydride anhydride c: acetic formic anhydride Nomenclature of Esters Esters occur when carboxylic acids react with alcohols I: phenyl methanoate I: t-butyl benzenecarboxylate I: methyl ethanoate c: phenyl formate c: methyl acetate c: t-butyl benzoate I: isobutyl I: cyclobutyl 2- I: dimethyl ethanedioate cyclobutanecarboxylate methylpropanoate c: cyclobutyl a- c: dimethyl oxalate c: none methylpropionate Cyclic Esters Reaction of -OH and -COOH on same molecule produces a cyclic ester, lactone. To name, add word lactone to the IUPAC acid name or replace the -ic acid of common name with -olactone. 4-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid lactone -methyl- -valerolactone Amides Product of the reaction of a carboxylic acid and ammonia or an amine. Not basic because the lone pair on nitrogen is delocalized by resonance. Classes of Amides 1 amide has one C-N bond (two N-H). 2 amide or N-substituted amide has two C-N bonds (one N-H).
    [Show full text]
  • First Principles Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties
    2 First Principles Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties Hélio F. Dos Santos and Wagner B. De Almeida NEQC: Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, ICE Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Campus Universitário Martelos, Juiz de Fora LQC-MM: Laboratório de Química Computacional e Modelagem Molecular Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Campus Universitário, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte Brazil 1. Introduction The determination of the molecular structure is undoubtedly an important issue in chemistry. The knowledge of the tridimensional structure allows the understanding and prediction of the chemical-physics properties and the potential applications of the resulting material. Nevertheless, even for a pure substance, the structure and measured properties reflect the behavior of many distinct geometries (conformers) averaged by the Boltzmann distribution. In general, for flexible molecules, several conformers can be found and the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of these isomers is known as conformational analysis (Eliel, 1965). In most of the cases, the conformational processes are associated with small rotational barriers around single bonds, and this fact often leads to mixtures, in which many conformations may exist in equilibrium (Franklin & Feltkamp, 1965). Therefore, the determination of temperature-dependent conformational population is very much welcomed in conformational analysis studies carried out by both experimentalists and theoreticians.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Assessment of Hanford Tank Headspace Chemicals - Determination of Chemicals of Potential Concern
    PNNL-14949 Rev. 0 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Toxicological Assessment of Hanford Tank Headspace Chemicals - Determination of Chemicals of Potential Concern I. E. Burgeson N. A. Moore A. L. Bunn J. L. Huckaby December 2004 • Prepared for CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared by Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle) as an account of sponsored research activities. Neither Client nor Battelle nor any person acting on behalf of either: MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report may not infringe privately owned rights; or Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by Battelle. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of Battelle. @ This document was printed on recycled paper. (9/97) PNNL-14949 Rev. 0 Toxicological Assessment of Hanford Tank Headspace Chemicals - Determination of Chemicals of Potential Concern I. E. Burgeson N. A. Moore A. L. Bunn J. L. Huckaby December 2004 Prepared for CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. Pacific Northwest Nationa] Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Summary A toxicological assessment of chemicals found, or predicted to be present, in Hanford tank headspaces was performed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in support of the Industrial Hygiene Chemical Vapor Technical Basis produced by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Group Additivity Values for Enthalpies of Formation (At 298 K) of Carbon– Hydrogen and Carbon–Hydrogen–Oxygen Compounds
    Revised Group Additivity Values for Enthalpies of Formation (at 298 K) of Carbon– Hydrogen and Carbon–Hydrogen–Oxygen Compounds Cite as: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 1411 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555988 Submitted: 17 January 1996 . Published Online: 15 October 2009 N. Cohen ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN Additivity Rules for the Estimation of Molecular Properties. Thermodynamic Properties The Journal of Chemical Physics 29, 546 (1958); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744539 Critical Evaluation of Thermochemical Properties of C1–C4 Species: Updated Group- Contributions to Estimate Thermochemical Properties Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 44, 013101 (2015); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.4902535 Estimation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrocarbons at 298.15 K Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 17, 1637 (1988); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555814 Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 1411 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555988 25, 1411 © 1996 American Institute of Physics for the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Revised Group Additivity Values for Enthalpies of Formation (at 298 K) of Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Compounds N. Cohen Thermochemical Kinetics Research, 6507 SE 31st Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97202-8627 Received January 17, 1996; revised manuscript received September 4, 1996 A program has been undertaken for the evaluation and revision of group additivity values (GAVs) necessary for predicting, by means of Benson's group additivity method, thermochemical properties of organic molecules. This review reports on the portion of that program dealing with GAVs for enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K (hereinafter abbreviated as 298 K) for carbon-hydrogen and carbon-hydrogen-oxygen compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Handout, All of Our Functional Groups Are Presented As Condensed Line Formulas, 2D and 3D Formulas and with Nomenclature Prefixes and Suffixes (If Present)
    In this handout, all of our functional groups are presented as condensed line formulas, 2D and 3D formulas and with nomenclature prefixes and suffixes (if present). Organic names are built on a foundation of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Those examples are presented first and you need to know those rules. The strategies can be found in Chapter 4 of our textbook (alkanes: pages 93-98, cycloalkanes 102-104, alkenes: pages 104-110, alkynes: pages 112-113 and combinations of all of them 113-115). After introducing examples of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and combinations of them, the functional groups are presented in order of priority. A few nomenclature examples are provided for each of the functional groups. Examples of the various functional groups are presented on pages 115-135 in the textbook. Two overview pages are on pages 136-137. Some functional groups have a suffix name when they are the highest priority functional group and a prefix name when they are not the highest priority group, and these are added to the skeletal names with identifying numbers and stereochemistry terms (E and Z for alkenes, R and S for chiral centers and cis and trans for rings). Several low priority functional groups only have a prefix name. A few additional special patterns are shown on pages 98-102. The only way to learn this topic is practice (over and over). The best practice approach is to actually write out the names (on an extra piece of paper or on a white board, and then do it again). The same functional groups are used throughout the entire course.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0022773 A1 Bruncko Et Al
    US 2010.0022773A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0022773 A1 Bruncko et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 28, 2010 (54) APOPTOSIS PROMOTERS (22) Filed: Feb. 23, 2009 (76) Inventors: Milan Bruncko, Green Oaks, IL Related U.S. Application Data (US); Hong Ding, Gurnee, IL (US); (63) Continuation of application No. 1 1/127,940, filed on Steven Elmore, Gurnee, IL (US); May 12, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of appli Aaron Kunzer, Schaumburg, IL cation No. 10/988,388, filed on Nov. 12, 2004, now (US); Christopher L. Lynch, abandoned. Trevor, WI (US); William McClellan, Waukegan, IL (US); (60) Provisional application No. 60/519,695, filed on Nov. Cheol-Min Park, Gurnee, IL (US); 13, 2003. Andrew Petros, Mundelein, IL (US); Xiaohong Song, Grayslake, Publication Classification IL (US); Noah Tu, Gurnee, IL (US); (51) Int. C. Xilu Wang, Oakwood, IL (US); C07D 24I/04 (2006.01) Michael Wendt, Vernon Hills, IL (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 544/392 Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT PAUL. D. YASGER Disclosed are compounds which inhibit the activity of anti ABBOTT LABORATORIES apoptotic protein family members, compositions containing 100 ABBOTT PARK ROAD, DEPT. 377/AP6A the compounds and uses of the compounds for preparing ABBOTT PARK, IL 60064-6008 (US) medicaments for treating diseases during which occurs expression one or more than one of an anti-apoptotic protein (21) Appl. No.: 12/390,945 family member. US 2010/0022773 A1 Jan. 28, 2010 APOPTOSIS PROMOTERS or N(CH)SO.N(CH) R', and the remainder are indepen dently selected H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF, C(O)OH, C(O)NH2 or 0001.
    [Show full text]
  • Retrosynthesis, Stereochemistry, and Conformations
    chapter 1 Retrosynthesis, Stereochemistry, and Conformations 1.1. INTRODUCTION Where does one begin a book that will introduce and discuss hundreds of chemical reactions? To synthesize a complex organic molecule many reactions must be used, and the strategy used for that synthesis must consider not only the type of reaction but also the mechanism of that reaction. We begin with a brief introduction to synthetic planning. A full discussion of strategies for total synthesis will be introduced in chapter 10, but surveying the fundamental approach can help one understand how reactions are categorized. The total synthesis of complex natural products usually demands a thorough knowledge of reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds as well as those that change one functional group into another. Examination of many syntheses of both large and small molecules, reveals that building up a carbon skeleton by carbon-carbon bond forming reactions is rarely done successfully unless all aspects of chemical reactivity, functional group interactions, conformations, and stereochemistry are well understood. The largest number of actual chemical reactions that appear in a synthesis do not make carbon-carbon bonds but rather manipulate functional groups. KOH , EtOH OH CrO3 O Br 1 2 3 4 Changing one functional group into another is defined as a functional group interchange (FGI). Simple examples are the loss of H and Br from 2-bromo-2-methylpentane (1) to form 2-methyl-2-pentene (2), or oxidizing the alcohol unit in 2-pentanol (3) to the carbonyl unit in 2-pentanone (4). Contrast these reactions with a reaction that brings reactive fragments together to form a new bond between two carbon atoms, such as the condensation of two molecules of butanal (5) under basic conditions to give 6, which is known as the aldol condensation.
    [Show full text]
  • Accepted Version
    Citation for published version: Chapman, R, Lawrence, R, Williams, J & Bull, S 2017, 'Formyloxyacetoxyphenylmethane as an N-Formylating Reagent for Amines, Amino Acids, and Peptides', pp. 4908-4911. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02382 Publication date: 2017 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication University of Bath Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 Formyloxyacetoxyphenylmethane as an N-Formylating Reagent for Amines, Amino Acids and Peptides Robert. S. L. Chapman,‡ Ruth Lawrence,‡ Jonathan M. J. Williams and Steven. D. Bull* Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. ABSTRACT: Formyloxyacetoxyphenylmethane is a stable, water-tolerant, N-formylating reagent for primary and second- ary amines that can be used under solvent-free conditions at room temperature to prepare a range of N-formamides, N- formyl-anilines, N-formyl--amino-acids, N-formyl-peptides and an isocyanide. N-Formylation reactions of primary and secondary amines are as a catalyst free N-formylating reagent for -amino acids and important transformations in organic chemistry, because they peptides in aqueous based solvent systems.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2013/057196 Al 25 April 2013 (25.04.2013) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/057196 Al 25 April 2013 (25.04.2013) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07D 501/36 (2006.01) A61P 31/04 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 31/546 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) Number: International Application DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/EP2012/070664 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 18 October 2012 (18.10.2012) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (25) Filing Language: English RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, (26) Publication Language: English TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 11185954.2 20 October 201 1 (20. 10.201 1) EP (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant: DSM SINOCHEM PHARMACEUTICALS GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, NETHERLANDS B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.436,005 B2 Liu Et Al
    USOO8436005B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.436,005 B2 Liu et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 7, 2013 (54) MACROCYCLIC PYRIMIDINEDERIVATIVES WO WOO 170673 A2 9, 2001 WO WOO23O890 A1 4, 2002 (75) Inventors: Egyal y Risi, WO WO2004.056784WO2004 103992 A1 12/2004T 2004 rene Drizin, Wadsworth, (US); John WO WO2005O14556 A1 2/2005 R. Koenig, Chicago, IL (US); Marlon WO WO2005040159 A1 5/2005 D. Cowart, Round Lake Beach, IL (US); WO WO2005040 167 A1 5, 2005 Chen Zhao, Libertyville, IL (US); Brian W W888. A. g: D. Wakefield, Vernon Hills, IL (US); WO WO2005082855 A1 9, 2005 Lawrence A. Black, Libertyville, IL WO WO2005097794 A1 10/2005 (US); Robert J. Altenbach, Chicago, IL WO WO2006021544 A1 3f2006 (US) WO WO2006040281 4/2006 WO WO2006O48750 A2 5, 2006 (73) Assignee: Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL WO WO20081.00565 A1 8/2008 (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Cowart et al. (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2008), 51(20), 6547 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 415 days. 6557). Akdis, C., et al., “Histamine Receptors Are Hot in (21) Appl. No.: 12/413,168 Immunopharmacology.” European Journal of Pharmacology, 2006, vol. 533, pp. 69-76. (22) Filed: Mar. 27, 2009 Anquetin, G., et al., “Design, Synthesis and Activity Against Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium Spp., and Mycobacterium tubercu (65) Prior Publication Data losis of New 6-fluoroquinolones.” European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, vol. 41 (12), pp. 1478-1493. US 2009/O2.53678A1 Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction (Pdf)
    Dictionary of Natural Products on CD-ROM This introduction screen gives access to (a) a general introduction to the scope and content of DNP on CD-ROM, followed by (b) an extensive review of the different types of natural product and the way in which they are organised and categorised in DNP. You may access the section of your choice by clicking on the appropriate line below, or you may scroll through the text forwards or backwards from any point. Introduction to the DNP database page 3 Data presentation and organisation 3 Derivatives and variants 3 Chemical names and synonyms 4 CAS Registry Numbers 6 Diagrams 7 Stereochemical conventions 7 Molecular formula and molecular weight 8 Source 9 Importance/use 9 Type of Compound 9 Physical Data 9 Hazard and toxicity information 10 Bibliographic References 11 Journal abbreviations 12 Entry under review 12 Description of Natural Product Structures 13 Aliphatic natural products 15 Semiochemicals 15 Lipids 22 Polyketides 29 Carbohydrates 35 Oxygen heterocycles 44 Simple aromatic natural products 45 Benzofuranoids 48 Benzopyranoids 49 1 Flavonoids page 51 Tannins 60 Lignans 64 Polycyclic aromatic natural products 68 Terpenoids 72 Monoterpenoids 73 Sesquiterpenoids 77 Diterpenoids 101 Sesterterpenoids 118 Triterpenoids 121 Tetraterpenoids 131 Miscellaneous terpenoids 133 Meroterpenoids 133 Steroids 135 The sterols 140 Aminoacids and peptides 148 Aminoacids 148 Peptides 150 β-Lactams 151 Glycopeptides 153 Alkaloids 154 Alkaloids derived from ornithine 154 Alkaloids derived from lysine 156 Alkaloids
    [Show full text]