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ENFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT Handbook and Design

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ENFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT Handbook and Design ENFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT Handbook and Design Guidelines Town of Enfield, Connecticut Adopted ______ 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..… 1 The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation………………………………. 2 History and Architecture of the Enfield Historic District…………………………………………… 3 Historic Preservation and the Town of Enfield Historic District Commission…..…. 4 The Review Process………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 When is a Certificate of Appropriateness Required?.....................................................5 What Happens if I Do Without Obtaining A Certificate of Appropriateness?................6 Submittal Requirements…………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Notice of Decision………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Appeals of Decision……………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Submission Dates….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 Emergency Repairs…………………………………………………………………………………………………... 7 Benefits of Property Ownership in the Enfield Historic District ……………………..……..8 Things to Remember ……………………………………………………………………………………….… 8 Why Design Guidelines?................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 2: Exterior Surfaces…………………………………………………………………………………..9 Masonry Wall and Foundation Surfaces …………………………………………….……….………….. 9 Wood Surfaces ……………………………………………………………….……………………………….. 12 Painting ……………………………………………..………………………………………………………………….. 12 Windows and Doors ……………………………………….………………………………………………… 14 Chapter 3: Roofs, Chimneys, and Porches……………………………………………………………... 17 Roofs, Gutters, and Downspouts …………………………………………………..………………………… 17 Solar Energy Systems…………………………………………………………………………………………………19 Chimneys and Other Areas of Moisture Penetration ……………………………………….………. 19 Porches ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Chapter 4: Commercial Architecture………………………………………………………………………21 Storefront………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Upper Façade…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Cornice…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Chapter 5: Signage Signage………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….….… 23 Chapter 6: Awnings Awnings …………………………………………………………………………………….….………………………… 24 Chapter 7: Ancillary Buildings Dependencies, Garages, Outbuildings, Etc. …………………………………………….………………. 24 Chapter 8: Additions Early Additions, Modifications, Etc. …………………………………………………………………………. 25 Chapter 9: Demolition Considerations Regarding Demolition in the Enfield Historic District……………………... 26 Chapter 10: New Construction New Construction/Infill………………………………………………………………………………..…………. 27 Chapter 11: Landscaping Landscaping and Streetscapes……………………………………………………………………………....... 28 Chapter 12: Then & Now Then & Now ………………………..……………………………………………………………………………....... 31 Bibliography: General Historic Preservation Sources …………………………...…..………….. 38 Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48 Sample Application for a Certificate of Appropriateness Sample Notice of Decision Letter Map of the Enfield Historic District List of Properties within the Enfield Historic District CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1 The physical appearance of any community can often be perceived by some as the direct reflection of the attitudes and values of its citizens. Well-maintained neighborhoods and business districts may suggest a higher degree of community pride than do neighborhoods and downtowns which appear less cared-for. Beyond that, a community’s appreciation of itself is often mirrored in its attitude toward the preservation of its historic buildings. Although historic buildings can be lost through outright demolition, the effect of slow change and a lack of maintenance--losing one small detail at a time--can have an equally dramatic effect over time. For this reason, historic preservation techniques encourage the retention of the original configuration and details of historic buildings in the Enfield Historic District when- ever possible. In broad terms, historic preservation is most likely to succeed when a neighbor- hood or downtown is viable and vibrant, when a property has an economic use, and when the cost of preservation is affordable. Much of Enfield’s architectural character and physi- cal attraction are owed to the variety of historic archi- tecture found within the area. Dating from the first years of the eighteenth century, the built environment of the Enfield Historic District represents many of the styles popular during this span of nearly three centu- ries. If the character of Enfield’s historic neighbor- hood is to be maintained, it is important for property owners, tenants, and community leaders to be aware that methods for dealing with older buildings often differ from treatments for newer buildings, and that The streetscape of Enfield Street contains a variety of hand- some historic buildings spanning a period of three centuries. choosing the wrong treatment can cause serious, irre- versible damage to historic properties. These Design Guidelines introduce historic preservation in Enfield and offer both general and specific recommendations to assist with good decision-making regarding the buildings within this distinctive community. Design guidelines such as these can help to avoid hasty or mis-informed alteration of historic ar- chitecture by offering preferred options for dealing with significant architectural features and by specifying precise treatments for solving common maintenance-related issues. Most importantly, however, is the fact that owners and tenants of properties within the Enfield Historic District must be familiar with these Design Guidelines if they intend to make physical changes to the exterior of their properties. 1 Unless otherwise credited, current images were taken by historic preservation consultant David L. Taylor, who prepared this document. Most his- toric views came from the following Internet website prepared by Enfield Public Library: https://enfieldct-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/g/per- sonal/jneely_enfield_org/ErPGzZJwmxZDhNgfisxXRcIBqpk_1-Ft4TEHGZ-jqQrAsw?e=Xv0PE7. Images were used with permission of the Library. 1 The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation Four separate sets of standards for treating historic architecture have been developed by the U. S. Department of the Interior. They include standards for rehabilitation, reconstruction, restoration, and preservation; the standards for rehabilitation most closely fit the mission of the Town of En- field’s historic preservation initiatives. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (U. S. Department of Interior Regu- lations, 36 CFR 67) were first developed in the late 1970s and pertain to historic buildings of all materials, construction types, sizes, and occupancy. The Standards encompass both the exterior and the interior of historic properties (although the Enfield Historic District Commission does not review interior changes), related landscape features, and the building's site and environment as well as attached, adjacent, or related new construction. The Standards are to be applied to specific rehabilitation projects in a reasonable manner, taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility. 1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken. 4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved. 5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved. 6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of dete- rioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. 8. Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic mate- rials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment. 2 10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its envi- ronment would be unimpaired. History and Architecture of the Enfield Historic District There are four sections
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