Nanoracks, LLC Commercial Contributions to the US ISS National Laboratory Biological Research Facilities

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Nanoracks, LLC Commercial Contributions to the US ISS National Laboratory Biological Research Facilities NanoRacks, LLC Commercial Contributions to the US ISS National Laboratory Biological Research Facilities Michael D. Johnson1 NanoRacks, LLC , Webster, TX, 77598 Abstract. NanoRacks, LLC is a commercial space utilization company operating with the NASA ISS National Laboratory organization. The Company is developing a variety of capabilities and associated hardware (in collaboration with the WetLab team) to effectively utilize the ISS as an advanced biological research platform by leveraging off of recent advances in terrestrial biological research equipment. NanoRacks has flown miniature transmission and reflection microscopes and is flight hardening a state of the art off-the-shelf microplate spectrophotometer to take advantage of in- situ analysis on-board the ISS to reduce or eliminate sample return to Earth. NanoRacks has also developed and flown more conventional hardware that efficiently utilizes the current and future capsule based transportation systems to and from the ISS. This paper will provide a brief overview of NanoRacks’ hardware history and future plans. Keywords: NanoRacks, ISS, Research Facilities Nomenclature CU NanoRacks Cube Unit (10x10x10 cm, 1 kg) ISS International Space Station JEM Japanese Experiment Module NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration SBIR Small Business Innovative Research Ι. Introduction ASA’s International Space Station National Laboratory program and NanoRacks, LLC signed a NSpace Act Agreement on September 9, 2009 that started the commercial space efforts of NanoRacks. The mantra of NanoRacks is to reduce the cost and minimize the time required to fly items in space. As such, in the first two years of operations NanoRacks has launched two permanent facilities and thirteen different experiments on board the Shuttle, HTV, Soyuz and Progress spacecraft as well as returned payloads on the Shuttle and Soyuz. The Company has over 50 payloads currently manifested over the next three years. NanoRacks is committed to maximizing the utilization of the US National Lab by provided hardware for biological research that enables in-situ research on the ISS at unusually low cost. NanoRacks has flown and is planning on flying research hardware that has been requested by researchers in the field. The following are descriptions of the NanoRacks hardware currently available and planned for biological research. This includes miniature transmission and reflection microscopes, a microplate spectrophotometer and chemical/biological mixing apparatus. 1Chief Technology Officer, NanoRacks, LLC, Webster ,TX 77598, [email protected]. A. Microplate Reader NanoRacks,LLC is under contract with NASA’s US National Laboratory and in final development of a space flight qualified automated Microplate Reader spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices Spectra Max M5e), commonly known as a Microplate Reader, that is similar to commonly used tools in terrestrial biological laboratories to increase the on-orbit, in-situ analysis capacity of the ISS U. S. National Laboratory thus reducing or eliminating sample return to Earth. The Microplate Reader will allow semi autonomous, on-orbit, high throughput screening of a variety of experiment samples which will enable the on-orbit crew to conduct an experiment, collect and analyze data and then repeat the experiment on-orbit as necessary with guidance from ground researchers. NanoRacks chose the Molecular Devices Spectra Max M5e as a result of discussions with its current and prospective customers. The Microplate Reader may be transported on any spacecraft cargo carrier (e.g. Progress, Dragon, HTV, etc.) to the ISS and installed in a standard ISS EXPRESS Rack Locker location as a locker replacement unit. The Microplate Reader is scheduled for launch on the HTV-3 in June 2012. This project also includes design modifications of the microplate assembly to accommodate samples in microgravity using novel fluid management techniques. NanoRacks is keeping all technology associated with this project as open-source to promote a robust user community. Modifications of the Molecular Devices Spectra Max M5e include the following: • Enclosure fabrication to fit inside of a standard ISS Locker which fits inside of an ExPRESS Rack • Incorporation of an embedded Advantech PCM-9363 mini-computer • Removal of terrestrial power supply and replacement with a ISS 28 V DC compatible power supply • Incorporation of a microplate retainer spring for use in microgravity All other aspects of the Molecular Devices Spectra Max M5e remain the same as the terrestrial unit to maximize user community familiarity. Figure 1. NanoRacks Plate Reader System All of the features of the Spectra Max M5e are retained in the space version including: • Three mode cuvette port for assay development • Dual monochromator tunability • Automated Absorbance Pathlength Correction1 • Endpoint, kinetic, spectral and well-scanning read types • Microplate temperature control and shaking • Comprehensive Data Analysis with SoftMax Pro Software • Validation & compliance The Plate Reader can operate in the following modes: • UV-Visible Absorbance (Abs) • Fluorescence Intensity (FI) • Luminescence (Lum) • Time-Resolved Fluorescence (TRF) • Fluorescence Polarization (FP) The NanoRacks Plate Reader offers researchers a wide range of high performance multi-mode capabilities ideal for life science research and drug discovery screening on the US ISS National Laboratory. B. Microgravity Microplates/Cuvettes NanoRacks is modifying off-the-shelf microplate and cuvette designs to accommodate fluids in the microgravity environment for use in the Plate Reader. The following designs are currently under development. Vented Microplate The Vented Microplate is essentially a standard microplate with a Mylar seal over the wells including Gore-Tex gas permeable membranes. Filling of the Vented Microplate is accomplished on-orbit by injecting a liquid sample into each well using a hypodermic syringe through a rubber seal. Figure 2. NanoRacks Vented Microplate Reactor Microplate The Reactor Microplate is a modified microplate that contains liquid sample storage cells that contain pierceable membranes for mixing the fluids and thus activating experimental operations. The Reactor Microplate is loaded on the ground and activated by crew on-orbit. Analysis by the Plate Reader is unaffected. Figure 3. NanoRacks Reactor Microplate Cuvette System The Plate Reader has a top port for use with single cuvette samples or experimenters can use CuvettePlate™ by Perfector Scientific, which is an off the shelf microplate cuvette adaptor that can hold up to 8 screw cap sealed cuvettes in an adapter tray that is read in the Plate Reader. This permits experimenters to design and utilize a wide variety of cuvettes for use in microgravity including reactor cuvettes and miniature flow cytometry systems. Analysis by the Plate Reader is unaffected. Figure 4. Cuvette System (courtesy Perfector Scientific) C. Transmission Microscope NanoRacks flew a miniature Celestron Model 44330 USB transmission microscope to the ISS on HTV- 2. The system was recently tested by astronaut Mike Fossum and this system is ready for use by experimenters. It utilizes standard plastic microscope slides and is operated with a laptop computer. It has a maximum magnification of approximately 1880X. The ISS crew takes snapshots with the laptop and downlinks the images which are distributed to experimenters from a NanoRacks website. Figure 5. NanoRacks Transmission Microscope D. Reflective Microscope NanoRacks flew a miniature Celestron Model 44306 USB reflection microscope to the ISS on Progress 45. This system will be ready for use by experimenters by the end of 2011. It takes images directly off of sample surfaces and is operated with a laptop computer. It has a maximum magnification of approximately 200X. The ISS crew takes snapshots with the laptop and downlinks the images which are distributed to experimenters from a NanoRacks website. Figure 6. NanoRacks Reflection Microscope (example images inset) E. MixStiks The NanoRacks MixStiks were designed to provide experimenters with an on-orbit fluids mixing system that is crew safe for any fluids. They were first flown on HTV-2 and returned on Soyuz 24. Another set has just been flown to the ISS on Progress 45. They are essentially identical in construction and operation to a light stick. Twenty-four MixStiks are housed in a 2 Cube Unit (CU) NanoRacks Module. Each 2 component MixStik contains a glass inner ampoule with a volume of 1.29 ml and an outer Teflon tube with a volume of 6.33 ml (Figure 7). Each 3 component MixStik contains two glass inner ampoules with a volume each of 0.65 ml and an outer Teflon tube with a volume of 6.33 ml (Figure 7). The MixStik provides three (3) levels of containment. The inner solution is housed in a glass ampoule that is surrounded by an outer solution. A Teflon tube with bonded Teflon end caps holds the glass ampoule and outer solution and serves as the first level of containment. Two heat sealed polyethylene bags that enclose the Teflon tubing serve as the second and third levels of containment. The ampoule is manipulated (cracked open) by the crew by flexing the Teflon tube in the same manner as activating a light stick; the Teflon tube along with all levels of containment provides protection to the crew, preventing contact with the broken ampoule(s) and chemicals. The 2 component MixStik is flexed in the middle to activate while the 3 component MixStik is flexed first on the left side to activate and on the
Recommended publications
  • View / Download
    www.arianespace.com www.starsem.com www.avio Arianespace’s eighth launch of 2021 with the fifth Soyuz of the year will place its satellite passengers into low Earth orbit. The launcher will be carrying a total payload of approximately 5 518 kg. The launch will be performed from Baikonur, in Kazakhstan. MISSION DESCRIPTION 2 ONEWEB SATELLITES 3 Liftoff is planned on at exactly: SOYUZ LAUNCHER 4 06:23 p.m. Washington, D.C. time, 10:23 p.m. Universal time (UTC), LAUNCH CAMPAIGN 4 00:23 a.m. Paris time, FLIGHT SEQUENCES 5 01:23 a.m. Moscow time, 03:23 a.m. Baikonur Cosmodrome. STAKEHOLDERS OF A LAUNCH 6 The nominal duration of the mission (from liftoff to separation of the satellites) is: 3 hours and 45 minutes. Satellites: OneWeb satellite #255 to #288 Customer: OneWeb • Altitude at separation: 450 km Cyrielle BOUJU • Inclination: 84.7degrees [email protected] +33 (0)6 32 65 97 48 RUAG Space AB (Linköping, Sweden) is the prime contractor in charge of development and production of the dispenser system used on Flight ST34. It will carry the satellites during their flight to low Earth orbit and then release them into space. The dedicated dispenser is designed to Flight ST34, the 29th commercial mission from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan performed by accommodate up to 36 spacecraft per launch, allowing Arianespace and its Starsem affiliate, will put 34 of OneWeb’s satellites bringing the total fleet to 288 satellites Arianespace to timely deliver the lion’s share of the initial into a near-polar orbit at an altitude of 450 kilometers.
    [Show full text]
  • 13Th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Going Viral 2021
    2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Confict: Going Viral T. Jančárková, L. Lindström, G. Visky, P. Zotz (Eds.) 2021 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER CONFLICT: GOING VIRAL Copyright © 2021 by NATO CCDCOE Publications. All rights reserved. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP2126N-PRT ISBN (print): 978-9916-9565-4-0 ISBN (pdf): 978-9916-9565-5-7 COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSIONS No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence ([email protected]). This restriction does not apply to making digital or hard copies of this publication for internal use within NATO, or for personal or educational use when for non-proft or non-commercial purposes, providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the frst page as follows: [Article author(s)], [full article title] 2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Confict: Going Viral T. Jančárková, L. Lindström, G. Visky, P. Zotz (Eds.) 2021 © NATO CCDCOE Publications NATO CCDCOE Publications LEGAL NOTICE: This publication contains the opinions of the respective authors only. They do not Filtri tee 12, 10132 Tallinn, Estonia necessarily refect the policy or the opinion of NATO Phone: +372 717 6800 CCDCOE, NATO, or any agency or any government. NATO CCDCOE may not be held responsible for Fax: +372 717 6308 any loss or harm arising from the use of information E-mail: [email protected] contained in this book and is not responsible for the Web: www.ccdcoe.org content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume Xiv • Issue Iii
    Z cgai.ca CANADA’S CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY [P.12] PEACEKEEPING, PREPARE FOR WAR [P.16] DispatchThe FALL 2016 • VOLUME XIV • ISSUE III [P.6] FEATURED ARTICLE Source: Macleans ARE CANADA’S DIGITAL SECURITY POLICIES BEING DECIDED IN WASHINGTON? [P.10] September 2016 The Dispatch | 1 Published by the Canadian Global Affairs Institute Contributing Fellows: John Adams Jack Granatstein David Perry Stuart Beare Marius Grinius George Petrolekas David Bercuson Stéphanie von Hlatky Joël Plouffe Serge Bertrand Rolf Holmboe Andrew Rasiulis Jean-Christophe Boucher Rob Huebert Roy Rempel David Carment Thomas Juneau Colin Robertson Anthony Cary Tom Keenan Stephen Saideman Mark Collins Ferry de Kerckhove Hugh Segal Barry Cooper Whitney Lackenbauer Elinor Sloan Daryl Copeland Julian Lindley-French Gary Soroka Glenn Davidson Candice Malcolm Hugh Stephens Mike Day Randolph Mank Alan Stephenson Neil Desai Kyle Matthews Charity Weeden Paul Dewar David McLaughlin Chris Westdal Paul Durand Eric Miller Frédérick Gagnon Robert Muggah Prepared for the Canadian Global Affairs Institute 1600, 530 – 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3S8 www.cgai.ca ©2016 Canadian Global Affairs Institute| ISBN: 978-1-988493-04-6 2 | The Dispatch Volume XIV • Issue III September 2016 The Dispatch | 3 • Message from the Editor by DAVID BERCUSON COVER STORY Brexit, the Anglosphere and Canada by JULIAN LINDLEY-FRENCH The Obama Moment—Defence Spending Does Matter, eh! by ALAN STEPHENSON Are Canada’s Digital Security Policies Being Decided in Washington? by NEIL DESAI Canada’s Cyber Security
    [Show full text]
  • NANORACKS, LLC 555 Forge River Rd., Suite 120 Webster, TX 77598 4369 Phone: 832-632-7754 Fax: 832-575-4767
    NANORACKS, LLC 555 Forge River Rd., Suite 120 Webster, TX 77598 4369 Phone: 832-632-7754 Fax: 832-575-4767 www.nanoracks.com Contract Administrator: Christopher Cummins Email Address: [email protected] Business Size: Small For more information on ordering from Federal Supply Schedules click on the FSS Schedules button at fss.gsa.gov. TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPANY OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................3 CUSTOMER INFORMATION .......................................................................................................5 GSA PRICELIST .............................................................................................................................8 SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS ..........................................................................................................13 NanoRacks, LLC 47QRAA18D004R 2 About NanoRacks NanoRacks was founded on the vision of building a business ecosystem in space. Our company has been integrating customer payloads for the International Space Station since our first launch in 2010. As of February 2018, we have integrated and operated over 600 payloads on 32 launches to the Space Station, including Shuttle, Antares/Cygnus, Atlas V/Cygnus, Falcon/Dragon, HTV, ATV, and Soyuz. To date, we have also deployed over 200 satellites into low-Earth orbit. NanoRacks comes with a team that has real hands on experience with payloads ranging from professional grade research to DOD to high school experiments. NanoRacks
    [Show full text]
  • Building and Maintaining the International Space Station (ISS)
    / Building and maintaining the International Space Station (ISS) is a very complex task. An international fleet of space vehicles launches ISS components; rotates crews; provides logistical support; and replenishes propellant, items for science experi- ments, and other necessary supplies and equipment. The Space Shuttle must be used to deliver most ISS modules and major components. All of these important deliveries sustain a constant supply line that is crucial to the development and maintenance of the International Space Station. The fleet is also responsible for returning experiment results to Earth and for removing trash and waste from the ISS. Currently, transport vehicles are launched from two sites on transportation logistics Earth. In the future, the number of launch sites will increase to four or more. Future plans also include new commercial trans- ports that will take over the role of U.S. ISS logistical support. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION GUIDE TRANSPORTATION/LOGISTICS 39 LAUNCH VEHICLES Soyuz Proton H-II Ariane Shuttle Roscosmos JAXA ESA NASA Russia Japan Europe United States Russia Japan EuRopE u.s. soyuz sL-4 proton sL-12 H-ii ariane 5 space shuttle First launch 1957 1965 1996 1996 1981 1963 (Soyuz variant) Launch site(s) Baikonur Baikonur Tanegashima Guiana Kennedy Space Center Cosmodrome Cosmodrome Space Center Space Center Launch performance 7,150 kg 20,000 kg 16,500 kg 18,000 kg 18,600 kg payload capacity (15,750 lb) (44,000 lb) (36,400 lb) (39,700 lb) (41,000 lb) 105,000 kg (230,000 lb), orbiter only Return performance
    [Show full text]
  • Please Type Your Paper Title Here In
    Estimating the Reliability of a Soyuz Spacecraft Mission Michael G. Lutomskia*, Steven J. Farnham IIb, and Warren C. Grantb aNASA-JSC, Houston, TX – [email protected] bARES Corporation, Houston, TX Abstract: Once the US Space Shuttle retires in 2010, the Russian Soyuz Launcher and Soyuz Spacecraft will comprise the only means for crew transportation to and from the International Space Station (ISS). The U.S. Government and NASA have contracted for crew transportation services to the ISS with Russia. The resulting implications for the US space program including issues such as astronaut safety must be carefully considered. Are the astronauts and cosmonauts safer on the Soyuz than the Space Shuttle system? Is the Soyuz launch system more robust than the Space Shuttle? Is it safer to continue to fly the 30 year old Shuttle fleet for crew transportation and cargo resupply than the Soyuz? Should we extend the life of the Shuttle Program? How does the development of the Orion/Ares crew transportation system affect these decisions? The Soyuz launcher has been in operation for over 40 years. There have been only two loss of life incidents and two loss of mission incidents. Given that the most recent incident took place in 1983, how do we determine current reliability of the system? Do failures of unmanned Soyuz rockets impact the reliability of the currently operational man-rated launcher? Does the Soyuz exhibit characteristics that demonstrate reliability growth and how would that be reflected in future estimates of success? NASA’s next manned rocket and spacecraft development project is currently underway.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from the Can-Do Conservative Reformer JOHN J
    2011_02_21 postal_cover61404-postal.qxd 2/1/2011 7:22 PM Page 1 February 21, 2011 49145 $3.95 REVOLT IN EGYPT: Daniels, Pryce-Jones, The Editors PALIN ROMNEY?VS. THEJebJeb Model Model Lessons from the can-do conservative reformer JOHN J. MILLER $3.95 08 0 74851 08155 6 www.nationalreview.com base_milliken-mar 22.qxd 2/1/2011 12:50 PM Page 1 ÊÊ ÊÊ 1 of Every 5 Homes and Businesses is Powered ÊÊ ÊÊ Ê by Reliable, Aordable Nuclear Energy. /VDMFBSFOFSHZTVQQMJFTPG"NFSJDBTFMFDUSJDJUZXJUIPVU U.S. Electricity Generation FNJUUJOHBOZHSFFOIPVTFHBTFT-BTUZFBS SFBDUPSTJO Fuel Shares Natural Gas TUBUFTQSPEVDFENPSFUIBOCJMMJPOLJMPXBUUIPVSTPG 23.3% FMFDUSJDJUZ KVTUTIZPGBSFDPSEZFBSGPSFMFDUSJDJUZHFOFSBUJPO GSPNOVDMFBSQPXFSQMBOUT/FXOVDMFBSFOFSHZGBDJMJUJFTBSF CFJOHCVJMUUPEBZUIBUXJMMCFBNPOHUIFNPTUDPTUFGGFDUJWF Nuclear 20.2% GPSDPOTVNFSTXIFOUIFZDPNFPOMJOF Coal Hydroelectric 44.6% Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê ÊÊ ÊÊ Ê 5PNFFUPVSJODSFBTJOHEFNBOEGPSFMFDUSJDJUZ XFOFFEB 6.8% Renewables DPNNPOTFOTF CBMBODFEBQQSPBDIUPFOFSHZQPMJDZUIBUJODMVEFT Oil 1 and Other % 4.1% MPXDBSCPOTPVSDFTTVDIBTOVDMFBS XJOEBOETPMBSQPXFS Source: 2009, U.S. Energy Information Administration 7JTJUOFJPSHUPMFBSONPSF toc_QXP-1127940144.qxp 2/2/2011 1:23 PM Page 1 Ramesh Ponnuru on Palin vs. Romney Contents p. 24 FEBRUARY 21, 2011 | VOLUME LXIII, NO. 3 | www.nationalreview.com ON THE COVER Page 32 The Education Ex-Governor Jeb Bush is quietly building a legacy as something other than the Bush who didn’t reach the Oval Office. Governors BOOKS, ARTS everywhere boast of a desire to & MANNERS become ‘the education governor.’ 47 THE GILDED GUILD As Florida’s chief executive, Bush Robert VerBruggen reviews Schools really was one. John J. Miller for Misrule: Legal Academia and an Overlawyered America, by Walter Olson. COVER: CHARLES W. LUZIER/REUTERS/CORBIS 48 AUSTRALIAN MODEL ARTICLES Arthur W.
    [Show full text]
  • SOYUZ THROUGH the AGES the R-7 Rocket That Led to the Family of Soyuz Vehicles Launching Today Lifted Off for the First Time Onfeb
    RUSSIAN SPACE SOYUZ THROUGH THE AGES The R-7 rocket that led to the family of Soyuz vehicles launching today lifted off for the first time onFeb. 17, 1959. The last launch, on Dec. 27, 2018, was number 1,898. Irene Klotz and Maxim Pyadushkin Vostochny Cosmodrome anufactured by the Progress Rocket Space Center in Sama- Evolution of Soyuz-Family Launch Vehicles ra, Russia, the medium-lift expendable booster originally was used for Soviet-era human space missions and later became the R-7 Soyuz Soyuz-L workhorse for the country’s civilian and military space programs. M 1957 First launch of the ICBM (SS-6 1966-76 (32 launches, 1970-71 (three launches, Sapwood) that served as a basis for including 30 successful, all successful, The first rocket officially named Soyuz was launched in Soviet/Russian launch vehicles from Baikonur) from Baikonur) 1966 and has since flown 1,050 times, of which 1,023 were including the Soyuz family successful. Production of Soyuz rockets peaked in the early Soyuz 1980s at about 60 vehicles per year. Medium-Class Launch Vehicle Russia began offering Soyuz launch services internationally in the mid-1980s through Glavkosmos, a commercial entity set up to sell Soviet rocket and space technologies. Manufacturer: Progress Rocket Space Soyuz-U/-U2 Soyuz-M Center, Samara, Russia In 1996, Russia created Starsem, a joint venture (35% ArianeGroup, 25% Roscosmos, 25% RKTs Progress, 15% 1991 Breakup of the 1973-2017 1971-76 (eight launches, Soviet Union, (859 launches, including all successful, from Plesetsk) Dimensions Arianespace) that had exclusive rights to provide commercial launch services on Soyuz launch vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • STS-132 Press Kit Cover.Indd
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS-132 Finishing Touches PRESS KIT/May 2010 www.nasa.gov CONTENTS Section Page STS-132/ULF4 MISSION OVERVIEW ...................................................................................... 1 STS-132 TIMELINE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 13 MISSION PROFILE ................................................................................................................... 17 MISSION OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 19 MISSION PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................. 23 STS-132 CREW ....................................................................................................................... 25 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 33 INTEGRATED CARGO CARRIER VERTICAL LIGHT DEPLOY (ICC-VLD) ................................................... 33 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE-1................................................................................................................. 36 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING ....................................................................................................... 39 UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND DEPARTURE ....................................................................................... 40
    [Show full text]
  • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
    --.I m ...ir,,.= The document_-contains materials on the Soyuz-Apollo test and consists of two parts, prepared by the USSR and USA sides res- pectively. Both parts outline the purposes and program of the mission, the spacecraft design, the flight plan and information on Joint and unilateral scientific experiments. Brief biographies of the cosmonauts and astronauts, the Joint mission crew members_ are also presented. The document covers technical support activities providing mission control and gives information about the ASTP Soviet and American leaders. As the USSR and USA parts of the document have been prepared independently, there might be duplication in the sections dealing with the Joint activities. The document is intended for press representatives and various mass information means. CONTENTS Page I.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................... 10 1.1 Background ......................................... I0 1,2 Apollo-Soyuz joint test project objectives .......... 13 2.0 COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS ................... ......... • 15 2.1 Spacecraft compatibility conditions and principal solutions accepted for Apollo-Ssyuz Test Mission .... 15 2.2 Compatibility of ground flight control personnel ... 18 2_3 Methodological compatibility ....................... 20 3.0 SOYUZ SPACECRAFT ................................... 22 3.1 PurPose. Brief data on Soyuz spacecraft flights .... 22 3.2 Soyuz spacecraft description ....................... 25 3.2.1 General description of the Soyuz spacecraft.. 25 Main characteristics ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Nanoracks ISS Operations
    Rapid, Reliable, Flexible and Affordable Access to the International Space Station and Beyond • NanoRacks operates principally under a Space Act Agreement (SAA, #6355) • SAA enables streamlined commercial processes and procedures • Low cost and rapid access to ISS orbit…initially. • NanoRacks operates principally • Directly access ISS manifest under a Space Act Agreement • Access NASA crew time (SAA, #6355) • Manage payload integration • SAA enables streamlined • Work directly w/ DoD and IC commercial processes and • procedures Streamline access to manifest • Independently own hardware on ISS • Low cost and rapid access to ISS • To negotiate new agreements, such as orbit…initially. recent agreement with USG to supply ISS cubesat dispensers from SpaceX-3 We started with internal pressurized services, and onwards for both govt & commercial have been investing private capital to expand our missions offerings • External Platform: For sensors, technology, and materials testing • Small Satellite Launches: Currently focused on cubesats, but go up to 180kg • Internal: 4 internal platforms, including plate reader, two microscopes, and centrifuge • Return to Earth: Using either Soyuz or Dragon • Data Return: Near real-time External Platform During NASA Testing • High security processes • Federal Agencies • Over 150 payloads • 70 internal • Basic and Applied to ISS payloads Researchers • 12 payloads • >60 smallsat Universities returned to Earth payloads • Israeli, German, • 100% success thru • 100 more Saudi and other NASA safety under MOU international
    [Show full text]
  • December 1976
    \ 004rn ') 40017ay I !/P.L. 86_ 3 , TOP SECRET lll£iJ'ilUl1Jlll£iJl1 f:5l!~C!JCEU'il~ UJ~l!lll~~ crmwv CDlUDWCDl5 CD11 Wl5UJl!ll5 f OOUJW~l1£il~[!) HANDLE VIA COMINT CHANNELS ONLY JP.L. 86-36 I ~ ~H~R~~~~~~G d~i~~rI~~N~~~~ioN::::::::::::: J r:: :[::: ~ WHY CAN'T THEY DESIGN A GOOD S.R. TEST? .••• Kathy Bjorklund •.. 1 .... 7 NON-NAMES IN THE NEWS (COOPERPERSON) ••••••••.••••..••••.•••. /; •••. 8 APOLLO-SOYUZ: BEHIND-THE-SCENES ACTIVITY .•. ·1 I" .... 9 LET'S GIVE LINGUISTS A BIGGER PIECE OF PIE! • •.> .... 13 WHAT I s IN A NAME ? . • . • . • . • . • . • . • q •••• 1 5 GEOGRAPHIC NAMES........................... : ...• 16 LETTER TO THE EDITOR ..•.•.•..•...•.•.•..•...••••.•••••••••••••.•• 21 THIS BeetJMENT €6NftlNS €6BIW61tD l'tlATlltlAt EU d'e• 111 l>l&NS1tf'1N'1liH!l (NSA;'G8SM ta I~ Kile••'••• G98; HQ 1166!, €ale1WJ ! TOP SECRET Btdawif7 Gpea Netileatiea 117 tlte 91iftia1tw - eclassified and Approved for Release by NSA on -10--1-1-::0-1.:: pursuant to E.O. '135.26. vl DR Case # 54 778 DOCID: 4009781 'f OP SECRB'f Published Monthly by Pl, Techniques and Standards, for the Personnel of Operations .. VOL. III, No. 12 DECEMBER 1976 PUBLISHER WILLIAM LUTWINIAK BOARD OF EDITORS Editor in Chief •............ Arthur J. Salemme (5642s) ········-········.. ••·,.. :•"'''' Collection ........•......... I l(8955s)·· ·· ····· ·· · · P . L . 86-36 Cryptanalysis .. ............ ';:I====~l - {80255) · · ··· · Language ..........•......... Emery W. Tetrault (5236s) Machine Support ................I__________ ....k332ls) Mathematics ....•...•.....•.. Reed Dawson (3957s) Special Research . .......... Vera R. Filby (7119s) Traffic Analysis ............ Frederic 0. Mason, Jr. (4142s) Production Manager ........•. Harry Goff (4998s) For individual subscriptions send name and organizational designator to: CRYPTOLOG, Pl TOP SECRET DOCID: 4 09~9781 r..v~ , , "'"'± • \C) P.L.
    [Show full text]