DOCSLIB.ORG

Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (Soycom) (ROP-19) (Final)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (Soycom) (ROP-19) (Final) NAS15-10110 0004AE4b 03.T0001 ================================================================================= Yu.A. Gagarin Cosmonaut’s Training Center Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (SoyCOM) (ROP-19) (Final) ______________ B.Ostroumov _____________ Yu.Glazkov RSA Deputy Director General GCTC First Deputy Chief June, 1999 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= GCTC E. Zhuk I.Milukov N. Zubov Yu. Glazkov A. Malikov NASA Prepared by Translation Working Group Technical Director verified Chief Document Document title: № 0004АE4b Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (SoyCOM) (ROP-19) (Final) Number of sheets 2 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= C O N T E N T S 1. FOREWORD 5 1.1. Purpose of the Document 5 1.2. Sphere of Application 5 1.3. Update Procedure 5 1.4. Documents Used 5 2. SOYUZ SPACECRAFT GENERAL DESCRIPTION 6 2.1. History of Soyuz Spacecraft Development and Modifications 6 2.2. Purpose and Task Versions of Soyuz Spacecraft 7 2.3. Spacecraft Composition 7 3. SYSTEMS 12 3.1. Design & Configuration (КиК) 12 3.2. Control/Display Panels (ПУ) 30 3.3. Thermal Condition Control System (СОТР) 43 3.4. Onboard Complex Control System (СУБК) 48 3.5. Power Supply System (СЭП) 53 3.6. Docking and Internal Transfer System (ССВП) 57 3.7. Interface Pressurization Control Aids (СКГС) 63 3.8. “Rassvet” Radio Communication System (СРС) 65 3.9. “Klest” Television System (ТВС) 72 3.10. Onboard Measurement System (СБИ) 75 3.11. “Kurs” Radar Rendezvous System (PTCC) 77 3.12. Optical-Visual Aids (ОВС) 82 3.13. Complex of Life Support Articles (КСОЖ) 88 3.14. “Sokol-KB-2” Space Suit (СКФ) 95 3.15. Motion Control System (СУД) 100 3.15.1. СУД System – Orbital Flight (СУД-OП) 103 3.15.2. СУД System – Rendezvous (СУД-СБ) 113 3.16. Descent Control System (СУС) 117 3.17. Combined Propulsion System (КДУ) 122 3.18. Descent Reaction Control System (CИО-С) 130 3.19. Landing Aid Complex (КСП) 134 3.20. Launch Escape System (САС) 137 3.21. Post Landing Survival Kit (НАЗ) 141 4. SYSTEMS’ OPERATIONAL LIMITS AND CHARACTERISTICS 143 5. FLIGHT DATA FILE REVIEW 149 5.1. Soyuz Flight Data File General Concept 149 5.2. “Nominal Modes” Book 149 5.3. “Backup Modes” Book 152 5.4. “Off-Nominal Situations” Book 153 5.5. “Reference Materials” Book 155 5.6. “Flight Plan” Book 159 5.7. Notations & Symbols Used in Soyuz FDF 159 5.8. FDF In-Flight Operational Use 160 6. NOMINAL PROCEDURES 163 6.1. General Flight Program 163 6.2. Preparation for Launch 163 6.3. Orbit Injection 164 6.4. Orbital Flight (Maneuver) 164 6.5. Approach and Docking 165 6.6. Operations in Docked Configuration 165 6.6.1. Spacecraft and Docking Interface Integrity Check 166 6.6.2. Transfer Hatch Opening 166 6.6.3. Spacecraft Preservation 166 6.6.4. Spacecraft System Monitoring in Docked Configuration 166 3 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= 6.6.5. Spacecraft Depreservation 167 6.6.6. Transfer Hatch Closing 167 6.6.7. Preparation for Undocking 167 6.7. Undocking 168 6.8. Descent 168 6.8.1. Preparation for Descent 168 6.8.2. Nominal Descent from Orbit 168 6.8.2.1. Descent Before Module Separation 168 6.8.2.2. Descent After Module Separation 168 6.9. Post Landing Operations 169 7. OFF-NOMINAL SITUATIONS 171 7.1. Off-Nominal Situation Major Terms 171 7.2. Emergency and Caution/Warning Indication 171 7.3. Depressurization 171 7.4. Fire 172 7.5. Emergency Descent from Orbit 175 8. BALLISTICS, TRAJECTORY CONTROL AND FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS 175 8.1. Orbit Injection 175 8.1.1. Launch Date and Daytime Selection for “Soyuz” Launch Vehicle 175 8.1.2. Soyuz Spacecraft Injection to Orbit Scheme 175 8.2. Approach 176 8.2.1. Soyuz Spacecraft/Mir Station (ISS) Nominal Approach Scheme 176 8.2.2. Soyuz Autonomous Approach Flight Phase 178 8.2.3. Autonomous Flight Phase Approach Techniques 181 8.2.3.1. Free Trajectory Technique 181 8.2.3.2. Parallel Guidance Technique 182 8.2.4. Soyuz Spacecraft/Mir Station (ISS) Back-Up Approach Schemes 182 8.2.4.1. Soyuz Spacecraft Manual Control Approach 182 8.2.4.2. Soyuz Spacecraft Phase Correction Approach 186 8.2.4.3. Soyuz Spacecraft Ballistic Precision Approach 186 8.3. Descent 187 8.3.1. Soyuz Spacecraft Landing Time and Site Selection 187 8.3.2. Automatically Controlled Descent (АУС) 188 8.3.3. Manually Controlled Descent (РУС) 192 8.3.4. Ballistic Descent (БС) 193 9. COMPLEX OPERATIONS 195 9.1. In-Flight Crew Member Duties and Cooperation 195 9.2. Crew/MCC(ЦУП) Joint Activities in Various Flight Phases 197 9.2.1. Main Operative Control Group (ГОГУ) Structure and Tasks 197 9.2.2. ГОГУ Operation Modes in Various Soyuz Spacecraft Flight Phases 198 9.2.3. ГОГУ Decision Making Procedure in Off-Nominal Situations 199 9.2.4. Crew/ЦУП Cooperation in Various Flight Phases 201 APPENDIXES А. EXTERNAL VIEW OF CONTROL PANELS A1–A20 B. EXTERNAL VIEW OF DISPLAYS B1–B14 C. GLOSSARY OF SOYUZ ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS C1-C17 4 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= 1. FOREWORD 1.1. Purpose of the Document The Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (ROP-19) (“SoyCOM”) is a document that contains familiarization data on all the Soyuz spacecraft systems and flight operations. The SoyCOM Manual is a reference document for all the Soyuz crew members. It includes a general description of all Soyuz systems, the systems’ operational limits and characteristics, a review of flight data file, an outline of nominal and emergency procedures, flight trajectory events and crew/MCC (ЦУП) joint operations. Annexed to the Manual are the spacecraft control/display panel appearance and a glossary of abbreviations and acronyms most frequently used during Soyuz training. The Manual is to be used by cosmonauts and astronauts in accordance with their assignments for preliminary familiarization training in Soyuz onboard systems, flight data file and flight operations. The Manual is not for substantial study of the spacecraft systems but rather for preliminary familiarization with Soyuz spacecraft. The SoyCOM reference Manual has been developed by Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC). 1.2. Sphere of Application The Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (ROP-19) (SoyCOM) will make a part of the curriculum for Soyuz training. This document applies to Soyuz crew training within the Mir and the International Space Station (ISS) programs. 1.3. Update Procedure This document will be updated by RSA as agreed by NASA. 1.4. Documents Used When compiling the present Manual the following documents were used: • Technical Description of the Soyuz-TM Spacecraft (“Energia”, June 1994) • Soyuz TM Spacecraft Flight Data File (of October 31, 1997) • Shuttle Crew Operations Manual (SCOM 1.0, November, 1991) • Plan for the ISS Russian Segment Training (NAS 15-10110/ROP-17) (NASA/RSA, 1996) • Soyuz Training Plan (NAS 15-10110/ROP-18) (NASA/RSA, 1997) • Ops Protocols of Technical Interchange Meetings (TIM). 5 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= 2. SOYUZ SPACECRAFT GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2.1. History of Soyuz Spacecraft Development and Modifications Development of Soyuz spacecraft started at S.P. Korolev’s design bureau in 1962. It was originally supposed to be used for development tests of both equipment for spacecraft rendezvous and docking in orbit and spacecraft design and systems that would ensure a flight around the Moon and safe return to the Earth. As the space program changed the Soyuz spacecraft design criteria were revised accordingly and from that time on its development was aimed at a second generation multipurpose orbital vehicle with a launch weight of up to 6560 kg. It was to be designed for executing a wide scope of tasks in the near space including development tests of procedures for autonomous guidance and navigation, automatic and manual rendezvous, berthing and docking, verification of principles for using manned space vehicles for science/technology experiments in space. On the 28th of November, 1966 the first Soyuz spacecraft was launched unmanned from Baykonur cosmodrome and flew 34 orbital revolutions (Cosmos-133). The second launch of unmanned Soyuz in December, 1966 was aborted due to the launch vehicle failure at the launch pad. The third unmanned spacecraft made an orbital flight and landed on the Aral Sea surface in February 1967 (Cosmos-140). The first manned flight of Soyuz-1 spacecraft was made by cosmonaut V.M. Komarov on the 26th of November, 1967. However the flight ended in a catastrophe because of the parachute system failure during descent and the cosmonaut died. After a number of corrections and unmanned spacecraft flights the Soyuz-2 piloted by cosmonaut G. T. Beregovoy was launched in October 26, 1968. In February 16, 1969 the first experimental space station weighing 12924 kgs was formed of two manned Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 spacecraft. Two cosmonauts in space suits made a transfer from one spacecraft to the other. In June, 1970 the first long duration space flight (17.7 days) was executed onboard Soyuz-9 by cosmonauts A.G. Nikolayev and V.I. Sevastianov. In June 1971 Soyuz spacecraft was modified and turned into a crew transfer vehicle to deliver crews to orbital stations. During a later service period Soyuz spacecraft was several times modified substantially. The first modification was connected with corrections that had to be made after the death of Soyuz-11 crew (cosmonauts G.T. Dobrovolsky, V.N. Volkov and V.I. Patsayev) because of the Descent Module depressurization during the descent phase. A set of survival aids in case of depressurization during descent was introduced, including space suits, which dictated a reduction of the crew down to two persons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ORION ORION a to Z APOGEE to Break the Frangible Joints and Separate the Fairings, Three Parachutes
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration ORION www.nasa.gov ORION A to Z APOGEE to break the frangible joints and separate the fairings, three parachutes. The next two parachutes will then VAN ALLEN RADIATION BELTS The term apogee refers to the point in an elliptical exposing the spacecraft to space. LAS - LAUNCH ABORT SYSTEM deploy and open. Once the spacecraft slows to around The Van Allen Belts are belts of plasma trapped by orbit when a spacecraft is farthest from the Earth. Orion’s Launch Abort System (LAS) is designed to 100 mph, the three main parachutes will then deploy the Earth’s magnetic field that shield the surface of During Exploration Flight Test-1, Orion’s flight path will GUPPY propel the crew module away from an emergency on using three pilot parachutes and slow the spacecraft the Earth from much of the radiation in space. During take it to an apogee of 3,600 miles. Just how high is The Super Guppy is a special airplane capable of the launch pad or during initial takeoff, moving the to around 20 mph for splashdown in the Pacific Ocean. Exploration Flight Test-1, Orion will pass within the Van that? A commercial airliner flies about 8 miles above transporting up to 26 tons in its cargo compartment crew away from danger. Orion’s LAS has three new When fully deployed, the canopies of three main Allen Radiation Belts and will spend more time in the the Earth’s surface, so Orion’s flight is 450 times farther measuring 25 feet tall, 25 feet wide, and 111 feet long.
    [Show full text]
  • The Orbital-Hub: Low Cost Platform for Human Spaceflight After ISS
    67th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Guadalajara, Mexico, 26-30 September 2016. Copyright ©2016 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved. IAC-16, B3,1,9,x32622 The Orbital-Hub: Low Cost Platform for Human Spaceflight after ISS O. Romberga, D. Quantiusa, C. Philpota, S. Jahnkea, W. Seboldta, H. Dittusb, S. Baerwaldeb, H. Schlegelc, M. Goldd, G. Zamkad, R. da Costae, I. Retate, R. Wohlgemuthe, M. Langee a German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany, [email protected] b German Aerospace Center (DLR), Executive Board, Space Research and Technology, Cologne, Germany, c European Space Agency (ESA) Contractor, Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA, d Bigelow Aerospace, Las Vegas / Washington, USA, e Airbus DS, Bremen, Germany Abstract The International Space Station ISS demonstrates long-term international cooperation between many partner governments as well as significant engineering and programmatic achievement mostly as a compromise of budget, politics, administration and technological feasibility. A paradigm shift to use the ISS more as an Earth observation platform and to more innovation and risk acceptance can be observed in the development of new markets by shifting responsibilities to private entities and broadening research disciplines, demanding faster access by users and including new launcher and experiment facilitator companies. A review of worldwide activities shows that all spacefaring nations are developing their individual programmes for the time after ISS. All partners are basically still interested in LEO and human spaceflight as discussed by the ISECG. ISS follow-on activities should comprise clear scientific and technological objectives combined with the long term view on space exploration.
    [Show full text]
  • Moscow Defense Brief Your Professional Guide Inside # 1, 2011
    Moscow Defense Brief Your Professional Guide Inside # 1, 2011 Russian Army’s New Look CONTENTS Defense Industries #1 (23), 2011 New Management at the United Aircraft Corporation 2 PUBLISHER Centre for Analysis of Arms Trade Strategies and Russian Arms Trade in 2010 4 Technologies CAST Director & Publisher Procurement Ruslan Pukhov Editor-in-Chief Russian Military Spending in 2011-2020 12 Mikhail Barabanov Advisory Editors Konstantin Makienko Space Alexey Pokolyavin Russian Space Industry in 2010 17 Researchers Ruslan Aliev Polina Temerina Armed Forces Dmitry Vasiliev Russia’s “New-Look” Army: the Medical Service 20 Editorial Office 3 Tverskaya-Yamskaya, 24, office 5, Demographics vs the Russian Army 25 Moscow, Russia 125047 phone: +7 499 251 9069 fax: +7 495 775 0418 Our Authors 28 http://www.mdb.cast.ru/ To subscribe, contact phone: +7 499 251 9069 or e-mail: [email protected] Moscow Defense Brief is published by the Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording or otherwise, without reference to Moscow Defense Brief. Please note that, while the Publisher has taken all reasonable care in the compilation of this publication, the Publisher cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions in this publication or for any loss arising therefrom. Authors’ opinions do not necessary reflect those of the Publisher or Editor Translated by: Ivan Khokhotva Computer design & pre-press: B2B design bureau Zebra www.zebra-group.ru Cover Photo: Soldiers of the 5th Independent Motorized Rifle Brigade on a rest break during an exercise Photo by: Vadim Savitsky © Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, 2011 Printed in Russia # 1, 2011 Moscow Defense Brief 1 Defense Industries New Management at the United Aircraft Corporation Konstantin Makienko ew management has arrived at the United Aircraft Sukhoi company.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Session II-A - Energy Block of International Space Station "Alpha"
    1995 (32nd) People and Technology - The Case The Space Congress® Proceedings For Space Apr 26th, 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM Paper Session II-A - Energy Block of International Space Station "Alpha" Anatoli I. Kiselev General Director Khrunichev, SRPSC Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Kiselev, Anatoli I., "Paper Session II-A - Energy Block of International Space Station "Alpha"" (1995). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 28. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1995-32nd/april-26-1995/28 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ENERGY BLOCK OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION "ALPHA" Ana10Ji I.Kisclev - General Director K.hrunichcv SRPSC Anatoli i.Nedaivoda - General Designer Valdimir K.Karra.sk - Professor, Design Center Director The international space station "Alpha" consists of the American, Rus­ sian, European and Japanese segments. Its integration in the orbit will take place in November, 1997 starting from the injection of 20-tonn erergy block on the basis of the unified functional c.argo blade (russian abbr1.. "' iation as EFGB) by means of the "Proton" LY. The EFG B is designed by the KHRUNICHEV State Research and Production Space Center (KSRPSC) The orbit hight with the inclination of 51.6 deg for EFGB is so selected thett by the end of December, 1997 it can be decreased upto the hight (approx.
    [Show full text]
  • The SKYLON Spaceplane
    The SKYLON Spaceplane Borg K.⇤ and Matula E.⇤ University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA This report outlines the major technical aspects of the SKYLON spaceplane as a final project for the ASEN 5053 class. The SKYLON spaceplane is designed as a single stage to orbit vehicle capable of lifting 15 mT to LEO from a 5.5 km runway and returning to land at the same location. It is powered by a unique engine design that combines an air- breathing and rocket mode into a single engine. This is achieved through the use of a novel lightweight heat exchanger that has been demonstrated on a reduced scale. The program has received funding from the UK government and ESA to build a full scale prototype of the engine as it’s next step. The project is technically feasible but will need to overcome some manufacturing issues and high start-up costs. This report is not intended for publication or commercial use. Nomenclature SSTO Single Stage To Orbit REL Reaction Engines Ltd UK United Kingdom LEO Low Earth Orbit SABRE Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine SOMA SKYLON Orbital Maneuvering Assembly HOTOL Horizontal Take-O↵and Landing NASP National Aerospace Program GT OW Gross Take-O↵Weight MECO Main Engine Cut-O↵ LACE Liquid Air Cooled Engine RCS Reaction Control System MLI Multi-Layer Insulation mT Tonne I. Introduction The SKYLON spaceplane is a single stage to orbit concept vehicle being developed by Reaction Engines Ltd in the United Kingdom. It is designed to take o↵and land on a runway delivering 15 mT of payload into LEO, in the current D-1 configuration.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Download
    www.arianespace.com www.starsem.com www.avio Arianespace’s eighth launch of 2021 with the fifth Soyuz of the year will place its satellite passengers into low Earth orbit. The launcher will be carrying a total payload of approximately 5 518 kg. The launch will be performed from Baikonur, in Kazakhstan. MISSION DESCRIPTION 2 ONEWEB SATELLITES 3 Liftoff is planned on at exactly: SOYUZ LAUNCHER 4 06:23 p.m. Washington, D.C. time, 10:23 p.m. Universal time (UTC), LAUNCH CAMPAIGN 4 00:23 a.m. Paris time, FLIGHT SEQUENCES 5 01:23 a.m. Moscow time, 03:23 a.m. Baikonur Cosmodrome. STAKEHOLDERS OF A LAUNCH 6 The nominal duration of the mission (from liftoff to separation of the satellites) is: 3 hours and 45 minutes. Satellites: OneWeb satellite #255 to #288 Customer: OneWeb • Altitude at separation: 450 km Cyrielle BOUJU • Inclination: 84.7degrees [email protected] +33 (0)6 32 65 97 48 RUAG Space AB (Linköping, Sweden) is the prime contractor in charge of development and production of the dispenser system used on Flight ST34. It will carry the satellites during their flight to low Earth orbit and then release them into space. The dedicated dispenser is designed to Flight ST34, the 29th commercial mission from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan performed by accommodate up to 36 spacecraft per launch, allowing Arianespace and its Starsem affiliate, will put 34 of OneWeb’s satellites bringing the total fleet to 288 satellites Arianespace to timely deliver the lion’s share of the initial into a near-polar orbit at an altitude of 450 kilometers.
    [Show full text]
  • 13Th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Going Viral 2021
    2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Confict: Going Viral T. Jančárková, L. Lindström, G. Visky, P. Zotz (Eds.) 2021 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER CONFLICT: GOING VIRAL Copyright © 2021 by NATO CCDCOE Publications. All rights reserved. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP2126N-PRT ISBN (print): 978-9916-9565-4-0 ISBN (pdf): 978-9916-9565-5-7 COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSIONS No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence ([email protected]). This restriction does not apply to making digital or hard copies of this publication for internal use within NATO, or for personal or educational use when for non-proft or non-commercial purposes, providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the frst page as follows: [Article author(s)], [full article title] 2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Confict: Going Viral T. Jančárková, L. Lindström, G. Visky, P. Zotz (Eds.) 2021 © NATO CCDCOE Publications NATO CCDCOE Publications LEGAL NOTICE: This publication contains the opinions of the respective authors only. They do not Filtri tee 12, 10132 Tallinn, Estonia necessarily refect the policy or the opinion of NATO Phone: +372 717 6800 CCDCOE, NATO, or any agency or any government. NATO CCDCOE may not be held responsible for Fax: +372 717 6308 any loss or harm arising from the use of information E-mail: [email protected] contained in this book and is not responsible for the Web: www.ccdcoe.org content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space
    SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space December 1983 NTIS order #PB84-181437 Recommended Citation: SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space–A Technical Mere- orandum (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA- TM-STI-14, December 1983). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600624 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword As the other major spacefaring nation, the Soviet Union is a subject of interest to the American people and Congress in their deliberations concerning the future of U.S. space activities. In the course of an assessment of Civilian Space Stations, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has undertaken a study of the presence of Soviets in space and their Salyut space stations, in order to provide Congress with an informed view of Soviet capabilities and intentions. The major element in this technical memorandum was a workshop held at OTA in December 1982: it was the first occasion when a significant number of experts in this area of Soviet space activities had met for extended unclassified discussion. As a result of the workshop, OTA prepared this technical memorandum, “Salyut: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space. ” It has been reviewed extensively by workshop participants and others familiar with Soviet space activities. Also in December 1982, OTA wrote to the U. S. S. R.’s Ambassador to the United States Anatoliy Dobrynin, requesting any information concerning present and future Soviet space activities that the Soviet Union judged could be of value to the OTA assess- ment of civilian space stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Investigation of Reaction Control System Design on Spacecraft Handling Qualities for Earth Orbit Docking
    Initial Investigation of Reaction Control System Design on Spacecraft Handling Qualities for Earth Orbit Docking Randall E. Bailey1 E. Bruce Jackson,2 and Kenneth H. Goodrich 3 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681 W. Al Ragsdale4, and Jason Neuhaus 5 Unisys Corporation, Hampton, VA, 23681 and Jim Barnes6 ARINC, Hampton, VA, 23666 A program of research, development, test, and evaluation is planned for the development of Spacecraft Handling Qualities guidelines. In this first experiment, the effects of Reaction Control System design characteristics and rotational control laws were evaluated during simulated proximity operations and docking. Also, the influence of piloting demands resulting from varying closure rates was assessed. The pilot-in-the-loop simulation results showed that significantly different spacecraft handling qualities result from the design of the Reaction Control System. In particular, cross-coupling between translational and rotational motions significantly affected handling qualities as reflected by Cooper-Harper pilot ratings and pilot workload, as reflected by Task-Load Index ratings. This influence is masked – but only slightly – by the rotational control system mode. While rotational control augmentation using Rate Command Attitude Hold can reduce the workload (principally, physical workload) created by cross-coupling, the handling qualities are not significantly improved. The attitude and rate deadbands of the RCAH introduced significant mental workload and control compensation to evaluate when deadband firings would occur, assess their impact on docking performance, and apply control inputs to mitigate that impact. I. Introduction Handling qualities embody “those qualities or characteristics of an aircraft that govern the ease and precision with which a pilot is able to perform the tasks required in support of an aircraft role."1 These same qualities are as critical, if not more so, in the operation of spacecraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Soyuz Launch Brochure
    Incredible Adventures is excited to offer a unique opportunity – a chance to visit the famous Baikonur Cosmodrome and observe a manned launch of a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. You’ll be completely immersed in the electric atmosphere surrounding a launch. You’ll explore Baikonur’s launch sites, museums and most historic places. Join IA for an Incredible Space Adventure. Highlights of Your Incredible Baikonur Adventure 800-644-7382 or 941-346-2603 www.incredible-adventures.com Observe roll-out and installation of the Soyuz rocket at launch pad. Attend international press conference of main and back- up crews. See the farewell of the crew at the cosmonaut hotel. Hear crew's ready-to-go official report. See launch of the Soyuz rocket, something you’ll never forget. Incredible Baikonur Adventure Day 1 Meet IA representative at the airport. Flight from Moscow to Baikonur .Transfer to the hotel. Time to relax. Day 2 Breakfast in the hotel Transfer to Baikonur Cosmodrome Roll-out of the Soyuz Rocket. (Follow the Soyuz to its launch site.) Observe installation of the rocket on the launch pad. Visit to the integration building of Soyuz and Progress spaceships. Transfer back to town. Visit to the International Space School. 9 Day 3 Breakfast in the hotel. Visit Museum of History Cosmodrome Baikonur. Enjoy general sightseeing in the town of Baikonur (learn history of the town, visit memorials and monuments). Transfer to Cosmonaut hotel. International press conference with the main and backup crews of Soyuz-TMA vehicle. Walk along the historical alley of Cosmonauts where personalized trees are planted.
    [Show full text]
  • Rex D. Hall and David J. Shayler
    Rex D. Hall and David J. Shayler Soyuz A Universal Spacecraft ruuiiMicPublishedu 11in1 aaaundiiuiassociationi witwimh ^^ • Springer Praxis Publishing PRHB Chichester, UK "^UF Table of contents Foreword xvii Authors' preface xix Acknowledgements xxi List of illustrations and tables xxiii Prologue xxix ORIGINS 1 Soviet manned spaceflight after Vostok 1 Design requirements 1 Sever and the 1L: the genesis of Soyuz 3 The Vostok 7/1L Soyuz Complex 4 The mission sequence of the early Soyuz Complex 6 The Soyuz 7K complex 7 Soyuz 7K (Soyuz A) design features 8 The American General Electric concept 10 Soyuz 9K and Soyuz 1 IK 11 The Soyuz Complex mission profile 12 Contracts, funding and schedules 13 Soyuz to the Moon 14 A redirection for Soyuz 14 The N1/L3 lunar landing mission profile 15 Exploring the potential of Soyuz 16 Soyuz 7K-P: a piloted anti-satellite interceptor 16 Soyuz 7K-R: a piloted reconnaissance space station 17 Soyuz VI: the military research spacecraft Zvezda 18 Adapting Soyuz for lunar missions 20 Spacecraft design changes 21 Crewing for circumlunar missions 22 The Zond missions 23 The end of the Soviet lunar programme 33 The lunar orbit module (7K-LOK) 33 viii Table of contents A change of direction 35 References 35 MISSION HARDWARE AND SUPPORT 39 Hardware and systems 39 Crew positions 40 The spacecraft 41 The Propulsion Module (PM) 41 The Descent Module (DM) 41 The Orbital Module (OM) 44 Pyrotechnic devices 45 Spacecraft sub-systems 46 Rendezvous, docking and transfer 47 Electrical power 53 Thermal control 54 Life support 54
    [Show full text]
  • The Soviet Space Program
    C05500088 TOP eEGRET iuf 3EEA~ NIE 11-1-71 THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM Declassified Under Authority of the lnteragency Security Classification Appeals Panel, E.O. 13526, sec. 5.3(b)(3) ISCAP Appeal No. 2011 -003, document 2 Declassification date: November 23, 2020 ifOP GEEAE:r C05500088 1'9P SloGRET CONTENTS Page THE PROBLEM ... 1 SUMMARY OF KEY JUDGMENTS l DISCUSSION 5 I. SOV.IET SPACE ACTIVITY DURING TfIE PAST TWO YEARS . 5 II. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING FUTURE PROSPECTS . 6 A. General ............................................. 6 B. Organization and Management . ............... 6 C. Economics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. 8 III. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS ... 9 A. General .. .. .. .. .. 9 B. Launch Vehicles . 9 C. High-Energy Propellants .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 D. Manned Spacecraft . 12 E. Life Support Systems . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 F. Non-Nuclear Power Sources for Spacecraft . 16 G. Nuclear Power and Propulsion ..... 16 Te>P M:EW TCS 2032-71 IOP SECl<ET" C05500088 TOP SECRGJ:. IOP SECREI Page H. Communications Systems for Space Operations . 16 I. Command and Control for Space Operations . 17 IV. FUTURE PROSPECTS ....................................... 18 A. General ............... ... ···•· ................. ····· ... 18 B. Manned Space Station . 19 C. Planetary Exploration . ........ 19 D. Unmanned Lunar Exploration ..... 21 E. Manned Lunar Landfog ... 21 F. Applied Satellites ......... 22 G. Scientific Satellites ........................................ 24 V. INTERNATIONAL SPACE COOPERATION ............. 24 A. USSR-European Nations .................................... 24 B. USSR-United States 25 ANNEX A. SOVIET SPACE ACTIVITY ANNEX B. SOVIET SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES ANNEX C. SOVIET CHRONOLOGICAL SPACE LOG FOR THE PERIOD 24 June 1969 Through 27 June 1971 TCS 2032-71 IOP SLClt~ 70P SECRE1- C05500088 TOP SEGR:R THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM THE PROBLEM To estimate Soviet capabilities and probable accomplishments in space over the next 5 to 10 years.' SUMMARY OF KEY JUDGMENTS A.
    [Show full text]