NAS15-10110 0004AE4b 03.T0001 ================================================================================= Yu.A. Gagarin Cosmonaut’s Training Center Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (SoyCOM) (ROP-19) (Final) ______________ B.Ostroumov _____________ Yu.Glazkov RSA Deputy Director General GCTC First Deputy Chief June, 1999 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= GCTC E. Zhuk I.Milukov N. Zubov Yu. Glazkov A. Malikov NASA Prepared by Translation Working Group Technical Director verified Chief Document Document title: № 0004АE4b Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (SoyCOM) (ROP-19) (Final) Number of sheets 2 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= C O N T E N T S 1. FOREWORD 5 1.1. Purpose of the Document 5 1.2. Sphere of Application 5 1.3. Update Procedure 5 1.4. Documents Used 5 2. SOYUZ SPACECRAFT GENERAL DESCRIPTION 6 2.1. History of Soyuz Spacecraft Development and Modifications 6 2.2. Purpose and Task Versions of Soyuz Spacecraft 7 2.3. Spacecraft Composition 7 3. SYSTEMS 12 3.1. Design & Configuration (КиК) 12 3.2. Control/Display Panels (ПУ) 30 3.3. Thermal Condition Control System (СОТР) 43 3.4. Onboard Complex Control System (СУБК) 48 3.5. Power Supply System (СЭП) 53 3.6. Docking and Internal Transfer System (ССВП) 57 3.7. Interface Pressurization Control Aids (СКГС) 63 3.8. “Rassvet” Radio Communication System (СРС) 65 3.9. “Klest” Television System (ТВС) 72 3.10. Onboard Measurement System (СБИ) 75 3.11. “Kurs” Radar Rendezvous System (PTCC) 77 3.12. Optical-Visual Aids (ОВС) 82 3.13. Complex of Life Support Articles (КСОЖ) 88 3.14. “Sokol-KB-2” Space Suit (СКФ) 95 3.15. Motion Control System (СУД) 100 3.15.1. СУД System – Orbital Flight (СУД-OП) 103 3.15.2. СУД System – Rendezvous (СУД-СБ) 113 3.16. Descent Control System (СУС) 117 3.17. Combined Propulsion System (КДУ) 122 3.18. Descent Reaction Control System (CИО-С) 130 3.19. Landing Aid Complex (КСП) 134 3.20. Launch Escape System (САС) 137 3.21. Post Landing Survival Kit (НАЗ) 141 4. SYSTEMS’ OPERATIONAL LIMITS AND CHARACTERISTICS 143 5. FLIGHT DATA FILE REVIEW 149 5.1. Soyuz Flight Data File General Concept 149 5.2. “Nominal Modes” Book 149 5.3. “Backup Modes” Book 152 5.4. “Off-Nominal Situations” Book 153 5.5. “Reference Materials” Book 155 5.6. “Flight Plan” Book 159 5.7. Notations & Symbols Used in Soyuz FDF 159 5.8. FDF In-Flight Operational Use 160 6. NOMINAL PROCEDURES 163 6.1. General Flight Program 163 6.2. Preparation for Launch 163 6.3. Orbit Injection 164 6.4. Orbital Flight (Maneuver) 164 6.5. Approach and Docking 165 6.6. Operations in Docked Configuration 165 6.6.1. Spacecraft and Docking Interface Integrity Check 166 6.6.2. Transfer Hatch Opening 166 6.6.3. Spacecraft Preservation 166 6.6.4. Spacecraft System Monitoring in Docked Configuration 166 3 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= 6.6.5. Spacecraft Depreservation 167 6.6.6. Transfer Hatch Closing 167 6.6.7. Preparation for Undocking 167 6.7. Undocking 168 6.8. Descent 168 6.8.1. Preparation for Descent 168 6.8.2. Nominal Descent from Orbit 168 6.8.2.1. Descent Before Module Separation 168 6.8.2.2. Descent After Module Separation 168 6.9. Post Landing Operations 169 7. OFF-NOMINAL SITUATIONS 171 7.1. Off-Nominal Situation Major Terms 171 7.2. Emergency and Caution/Warning Indication 171 7.3. Depressurization 171 7.4. Fire 172 7.5. Emergency Descent from Orbit 175 8. BALLISTICS, TRAJECTORY CONTROL AND FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS 175 8.1. Orbit Injection 175 8.1.1. Launch Date and Daytime Selection for “Soyuz” Launch Vehicle 175 8.1.2. Soyuz Spacecraft Injection to Orbit Scheme 175 8.2. Approach 176 8.2.1. Soyuz Spacecraft/Mir Station (ISS) Nominal Approach Scheme 176 8.2.2. Soyuz Autonomous Approach Flight Phase 178 8.2.3. Autonomous Flight Phase Approach Techniques 181 8.2.3.1. Free Trajectory Technique 181 8.2.3.2. Parallel Guidance Technique 182 8.2.4. Soyuz Spacecraft/Mir Station (ISS) Back-Up Approach Schemes 182 8.2.4.1. Soyuz Spacecraft Manual Control Approach 182 8.2.4.2. Soyuz Spacecraft Phase Correction Approach 186 8.2.4.3. Soyuz Spacecraft Ballistic Precision Approach 186 8.3. Descent 187 8.3.1. Soyuz Spacecraft Landing Time and Site Selection 187 8.3.2. Automatically Controlled Descent (АУС) 188 8.3.3. Manually Controlled Descent (РУС) 192 8.3.4. Ballistic Descent (БС) 193 9. COMPLEX OPERATIONS 195 9.1. In-Flight Crew Member Duties and Cooperation 195 9.2. Crew/MCC(ЦУП) Joint Activities in Various Flight Phases 197 9.2.1. Main Operative Control Group (ГОГУ) Structure and Tasks 197 9.2.2. ГОГУ Operation Modes in Various Soyuz Spacecraft Flight Phases 198 9.2.3. ГОГУ Decision Making Procedure in Off-Nominal Situations 199 9.2.4. Crew/ЦУП Cooperation in Various Flight Phases 201 APPENDIXES А. EXTERNAL VIEW OF CONTROL PANELS A1–A20 B. EXTERNAL VIEW OF DISPLAYS B1–B14 C. GLOSSARY OF SOYUZ ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS C1-C17 4 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= 1. FOREWORD 1.1. Purpose of the Document The Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (ROP-19) (“SoyCOM”) is a document that contains familiarization data on all the Soyuz spacecraft systems and flight operations. The SoyCOM Manual is a reference document for all the Soyuz crew members. It includes a general description of all Soyuz systems, the systems’ operational limits and characteristics, a review of flight data file, an outline of nominal and emergency procedures, flight trajectory events and crew/MCC (ЦУП) joint operations. Annexed to the Manual are the spacecraft control/display panel appearance and a glossary of abbreviations and acronyms most frequently used during Soyuz training. The Manual is to be used by cosmonauts and astronauts in accordance with their assignments for preliminary familiarization training in Soyuz onboard systems, flight data file and flight operations. The Manual is not for substantial study of the spacecraft systems but rather for preliminary familiarization with Soyuz spacecraft. The SoyCOM reference Manual has been developed by Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC). 1.2. Sphere of Application The Soyuz Crew Operations Manual (ROP-19) (SoyCOM) will make a part of the curriculum for Soyuz training. This document applies to Soyuz crew training within the Mir and the International Space Station (ISS) programs. 1.3. Update Procedure This document will be updated by RSA as agreed by NASA. 1.4. Documents Used When compiling the present Manual the following documents were used: • Technical Description of the Soyuz-TM Spacecraft (“Energia”, June 1994) • Soyuz TM Spacecraft Flight Data File (of October 31, 1997) • Shuttle Crew Operations Manual (SCOM 1.0, November, 1991) • Plan for the ISS Russian Segment Training (NAS 15-10110/ROP-17) (NASA/RSA, 1996) • Soyuz Training Plan (NAS 15-10110/ROP-18) (NASA/RSA, 1997) • Ops Protocols of Technical Interchange Meetings (TIM). 5 NAS15-10110 0004AE4b (ROP-19) ================================================================================= 2. SOYUZ SPACECRAFT GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2.1. History of Soyuz Spacecraft Development and Modifications Development of Soyuz spacecraft started at S.P. Korolev’s design bureau in 1962. It was originally supposed to be used for development tests of both equipment for spacecraft rendezvous and docking in orbit and spacecraft design and systems that would ensure a flight around the Moon and safe return to the Earth. As the space program changed the Soyuz spacecraft design criteria were revised accordingly and from that time on its development was aimed at a second generation multipurpose orbital vehicle with a launch weight of up to 6560 kg. It was to be designed for executing a wide scope of tasks in the near space including development tests of procedures for autonomous guidance and navigation, automatic and manual rendezvous, berthing and docking, verification of principles for using manned space vehicles for science/technology experiments in space. On the 28th of November, 1966 the first Soyuz spacecraft was launched unmanned from Baykonur cosmodrome and flew 34 orbital revolutions (Cosmos-133). The second launch of unmanned Soyuz in December, 1966 was aborted due to the launch vehicle failure at the launch pad. The third unmanned spacecraft made an orbital flight and landed on the Aral Sea surface in February 1967 (Cosmos-140). The first manned flight of Soyuz-1 spacecraft was made by cosmonaut V.M. Komarov on the 26th of November, 1967. However the flight ended in a catastrophe because of the parachute system failure during descent and the cosmonaut died. After a number of corrections and unmanned spacecraft flights the Soyuz-2 piloted by cosmonaut G. T. Beregovoy was launched in October 26, 1968. In February 16, 1969 the first experimental space station weighing 12924 kgs was formed of two manned Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 spacecraft. Two cosmonauts in space suits made a transfer from one spacecraft to the other. In June, 1970 the first long duration space flight (17.7 days) was executed onboard Soyuz-9 by cosmonauts A.G. Nikolayev and V.I. Sevastianov. In June 1971 Soyuz spacecraft was modified and turned into a crew transfer vehicle to deliver crews to orbital stations. During a later service period Soyuz spacecraft was several times modified substantially. The first modification was connected with corrections that had to be made after the death of Soyuz-11 crew (cosmonauts G.T. Dobrovolsky, V.N. Volkov and V.I. Patsayev) because of the Descent Module depressurization during the descent phase. A set of survival aids in case of depressurization during descent was introduced, including space suits, which dictated a reduction of the crew down to two persons.