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RTAS 2013 19Th IEEE Realǧtime and Embedded Technology And RTAS 2013 19th IEEE RealǦǦǦTime and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium Philadelphia, USA April 9 ǦǦǦ 11, 2013 WorkǦǦǦinǦǦǦProgress Proceedings Edited by Marko Bertogna © Copyright 2013 held by the authors Message from the Work-in-Progress Chair tĞůĐŽŵĞƚŽƚŚĞZd^ϮϬϭϯtŽƌŬͲŝŶͲWƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ;tŝWͿƐĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘dŚŝƐƐĞƐƐŝŽŶŝƐĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚƚŽŶĞǁĂŶĚŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶƌĞĂůͲƚŝŵĞƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ƚŚĞŽƌLJ͕ĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘dŚĞƉĂƉĞƌƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽĐĞĞĚŝŶŐƐĐŽǀĞƌĂ ǁŝĚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞŽĨƚŽƉŝĐƐ ƐƉĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ Ăůů ĂƌĞĂƐŽĨ ƌĞĂůͲƚŝŵĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŵƵůƚŝͲĐŽƌĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽƌƐ͕ĞŶĞƌŐLJĂŶĚƉŽǁĞƌͲĂǁĂƌĞƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ĂƵƚŽŵŽƚŝǀĞĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ĂŶĚǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ ƐĞŶƐŽƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŝŵĂƌLJ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ tŝW ƐĞƐƐŝŽŶ ŝƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ ƚŽ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ŝĚĞĂƐ ĂŶĚ ŐĂƚŚĞƌ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂůͲƚŝŵĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂƚůĂƌŐĞ͘KƵƚŽĨƚŚĞϭϴ ƐƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞƌĞ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ŽƵƌ ĐĂůů ĨŽƌ ƉĂƉĞƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ĐŽŵŵŝƚƚĞĞ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ϭϮ ƉĂƉĞƌƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƉƉĞĂƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚŝŶŐƐ͘ / ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĂŶŬƚŚĞŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞtŝWƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵĐŽŵŵŝƚƚĞĞĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌŚĞůƉ͕ĂŶĚĂůůƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĨŽƌƐƵďŵŝƚƚŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌǁŽƌŬƚŽƚŚŝƐĨŽƌƵŵ͘/ĂŵƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚŵĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƉĞƌƐĨĞĂƚƵƌŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽĐĞĞĚŝŶŐƐǁŝůůĂƉƉĞĂƌĂƐĨƵůůͲĨůĞĚŐĞĚĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĂŶĚũŽƵƌŶĂů ƉĂƉĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŶĞĂƌĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ / ŚŽƉĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ŽĨ LJŽƵ ĞŶũŽLJ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ƉĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞ ŝŶ ƐƚŝŵƵůĂƚŝŶŐ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌƐ ƵƐĞĨƵůĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌǁŽƌŬ͘ DĂƌŬŽĞƌƚŽŐŶĂ ZĞĂůͲdŝŵĞĂŶĚůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵŝĐZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ'ƌŽƵƉ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨDŽĚĞŶĂ͕/ƚĂůLJ Zd^ϮϬϭϯtŝWŚĂŝƌ RTAS 2013 WorkǦinǦProgress Technical Program Committee tKZ<Ͳ/EͲWZK'Z^^,/Z DĂƌŬŽĞƌƚŽŐŶĂ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨDŽĚĞŶĂ͕/ƚĂůLJ WZK'ZDKDD/dd • ĞŶŶLJ ŬĞƐƐŽŶ͕ŝŶĚŚŽǀĞŶhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕EĞƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚƐ • DŽƌŝƐĞŚŶĂŵ͕DćůĂƌĚĂůĞŶhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕^ǁĞĚĞŶ • <ŽŶƐƚĂŶƚŝŶŽƐůĞƚƐĂƐ͕WŽůLJƚĞĐŚŶŝĐ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚĞŽĨWŽƌƚŽ͕WŽƌƚƵŐĂů • ũƂƌŶ͘ƌĂŶĚĞŶďƵƌŐ͕DĂdžWůĂŶĐŬ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚĞĨŽƌ^ŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ^LJƐƚĞŵƐ͕'ĞƌŵĂŶLJ • dŽŵŵĂƐŽƵĐŝŶŽƚƚĂ͕Ğůů>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌŝĞƐůĐĂƚĞůͲ>ƵĐĞŶƚ͕/ƌĞůĂŶĚ • :ĞƌĞŵLJƌŝĐŬƐŽŶ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨEŽƌƚŚĂƌŽůŝŶĂĂƚŚĂƉĞů,ŝůů͕h^ • EĂƚŚĂŶ&ŝƐŚĞƌ͕tĂLJŶĞ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕h^ • ^ŚŝŶƉĞŝ<ĂƚŽ͕EĂŐŽLJĂhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕:ĂƉĂŶ • :ŝŶŬLJƵ>ĞĞ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨDŝĐŚŝŐĂŶ͕h^ • WĂƚƌŝĐŝĂ>ſƉĞnjDĂƌƚŝŶĞnj͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨĂŶƚĂďƌŝĂ͕^ƉĂŝŶ • DĂƵƌŽDĂƌŝŶŽŶŝ͕^ĐƵŽůĂ^ƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĞ^ĂŶƚΖŶŶĂ͕/ƚĂůLJ • ŚůĞŵDŝĨĚĂŽƵŝ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨdŽƵůŽƵƐĞͬ/^͕&ƌĂŶĐĞ • ůĂŝƌĞWĂŐĞƚƚŝ͕KEZ͕&ƌĂŶĐĞ • ZŽĚŽůĨŽWĞůůŝnjnjŽŶŝ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨtĂƚĞƌůŽŽ͕ĂŶĂĚĂ • ,ĂƌŝŶŝZĂŵĂƉƌĂƐĂĚ͕^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ/ůůŝŶŽŝƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂƌďŽŶĚĂůĞ͕h^ Table of Contents ^Zs/KZ/Ed^DZd,KDZ,/ddhZ&KZddZYh>/dzK&^Zs/DE'DEd ϭͲϰ ĂŶĂƐĂƌĂŶ͕,ŽŵŝŶWĂƌŬ͕dĂĞũŽŽŶWĂƌŬĂŶĚ^ĂŶŐ,͘^ŽŶ KDWhd/E'd,ydtKZ^dͲ^EͲdKͲE>z^/E^Wt/ZEdtKZ<h^/E'd/D ϱͲϴ hdKDd :ĠƌƀŵĞƌŵŽŶƚĂŶĚŚƌŝƐƚŝĂŶ&ƌĂďŽƵů KE^K>/dͲdKͲ/>͗d,^KE/DE^/KE/^>DK^d&KZ&Z ϵͲϭϮ DĂƌĐƵƐsƂůƉ͕:ŽŚĂŶŶĞƐ^ƚĞŝŶŵĞƚnjĂŶĚDĂƌĐƵƐ,ćŚŶĞů ,/',>z&&//EdEWZ/d>'ZKhWKDDhE/d/KEKsZDh>d/ͲKZEK^ ϭϯͲϭϲ <ĂƌƚŚŝŬzĂŶŐĂĂŶĚ&ƌĂŶŬDƵĞůůĞƌ <EK<EKy͗DK>Ͳ^ZDKd/'EK^d/^K&/^>y,h^dKEdZK>^z^dD ϭϳͲϮϬ zĂƐŚsĂƌĚŚĂŶWĂŶƚ͕dƌƵŽŶŐy͘EŐŚŝĞŵĂŶĚZĂŚƵůDĂŶŐŚĂƌĂŵ DK>ͲZ/sEWZ&KZDEE>z^/^EW>KzDEdW>EE/E'&KZZ>Ͳd/D^dZD ϮϭͲϮϰ WZK^^/E' <LJŽƵŶŐŚŽŶĂŶĚŶŝƌƵĚĚŚĂ'ŽŬŚĂůĞ KWd/D//E'd,>/EZZ>Ͳd/D>K'/sZ/&/Z ϮϱͲϮϴ ůďĞƌƚD͘<͘ŚĞŶŐ͕^ƚĞĨĂŶŶĚƌĞŝĂŶĚDŽnjĂŚŝĚ,ĂƋƵĞ WZ/d/s^,h>/E'&KZ^Wd/>ͲWEEdd^<^/Et/Z>^^^E^KZEdtKZ<^ ϮϵͲϯϮ ,ƵĂ,ƵĂŶŐ͕^ŚĂŶ>ŝŶ͕ŶǁĂƌDĂŵĂƚĂŶĚ:ŝĞtƵ YK^/&&ZEd/d/KE/E/ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭt/Z>^^>K>ZEdtKZ<^&KZZ>Ͳd/DKEdZK> ϯϯͲϯϲ 'ƵŽƐŽŶŐdŝĂŶĂŶĚzƵͲŚƵdŝĂŶ ^,h>/E'K&>^d/D/yͲZ/d/>/dzd^<^/EDh>d/WZK^^KZZ>Ͳd/D^z^dD^ ϯϳͲϰϬ ,ĂŶŐ^ƵĂŶĚĂŬĂŝŚƵ ^hWWKZd/E's>KWDEdK&EZ'zͲKWd/D/^:sZ>Ͳd/D^z^dD^h^/E'dd^Zd^ ϰϭͲϰϰ <ĂƐƉĞƌ^ƆĞ>ƵĐŬŽǁ͕dŚŽŵĂƐƆŐŚŽůŵĂŶĚĞŶƚdŚŽŵƐĞŶ dKtZEKWd/D>&/yͲWZ/KZ/dz>'KZ/d,D&KZEZ'zͲ,Zs^d/E'Z>Ͳd/D^z^dD^ ϰϱͲϰϴ zĂƐŵŝŶĂďĚĞĚĚĂŢŵ͕zŽƵŶğƐŚĂŶĚĂƌůŝĂŶĚĂŵŝĞŶDĂƐƐŽŶ A Service Oriented Smart Home Architecture for Better Quality of Service Management Can Basaran∗, Homin Park∗, Taejoon Park∗, Sang H. Son∗ ∗Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, Korea {cbasaran, andrewpark, tjpark, son}@dgist.ac.kr Abstract—Smart home environments require tight coupling communications, and QoS services are needed for applications between different types of sensors, actuators, and computer and services that collectively utilize the shared sensors and algorithms. To address the challenges in building a robust and actuators. In this paper, we describe a component based, multi- effective smart home environment, it is essential to develop a layered, service oriented software stack that can enforce QoS systematic approach to handling a large number of components constraints and provide system level services for smart home and their interactions. We describe a holistic, multi-layered, and applications. The system consists of five layers: the application service oriented approach to smart home environment design that will enable abstractions needed for enforcing performance layer, the system service layer, the data services layer, the constraints. This paper presents our approach and presents pre- network layer, and the physical layer. This architecture is being liminary results with a Quality of Service manager that enforces implemented for the DGIST Smart Home, a new smart home load balancing. We show that a simple load balancing scheme can environment within the DGIST campus. be very effective compared to intuitive ad-hoc implementations of representative tasks. In Section II we describe the components of the application layer and various application scenarios. Section III explains the system level services provided for the application layer. In Sec- I. INTRODUCTION tions IV and V, we describe the data services and the network layers respectively. Section VI briefly explains the sensor and There has been extensive research on smart home services actuator hardware necessary for a smart home. In Section VII focusing on specific applications such as activity recogni- we evaluate an initial version of our system by implementing tion/automation, energy conservation, early warning systems, load balancing and present the results. Section VIII gives a and health care systems [1], [2]. In contrast, the previous work brief summary of our efforts and concludes the paper. on hosting platforms for smart home applications that can enforce quality of service (QoS) constraints is relatively low II. APPLICATION LAYER in number [3], [4]. However, the ability to enforce constraints on performance metrics, e.g., response time, availability, and In this section we define a number of applications and sensing accuracy, is necessary for implementation of mission services to be implemented for a smart home. We also de- critical applications. Embedding ad-hoc algorithms in order termine technical requirements and services necessary for the to enforce necessary constraints in services and applications implementation of these applications in a real environment. that require them is challenging. First of all, sensing hard- These requirements are given in terms of system level services, ware as well as low level services such as identification, physical sensors, and actuators. and localization are shared between higher level applications and these shared resources demand global QoS management. Harm Prediction Engine (HPE) generates alert messages in Secondly, ad-hoc implementations decrease robustness by in- the system when projected harm to an object is detected [6], creasing the amount of repeated code and hardware, which, in [7]. We define an object to be any sensible entity in the turn, increases the run-time overhead of the overall system. environment including inhabitants and appliances. A system wide QoS manager can make smarter decisions Smart Government Terminal (SGT) enables citizens to interact more efficiently and has the possibility to enforce policies with the government from their homes. Since the smart home considering relative importance of smart home applications is a proof of residence, and houses different types of sensors running in the same environment. for authentication purposes, it is an effective environment to deploy an SGT. Users are authenticated in the environment Typically, smart home implementations follow a centralized by means of finger-printing, face, and retina recognition tech- architecture where the sensor data is collected at a server and niques. Once a user is authenticated, the identity is attached actuator signals are generated from the same server. However, to the user and tracked along with her. It is possible to cast applications that require timely processing of high rate sensor a ballot through an SGT, or to print out legal documents. data streams are more suited to distributed architectures espe- Furthermore, SGT can provide data to the government through cially when they coexist with other applications. For example, a secure connection, making it possible to generate census fall detection systems based on depth cameras process around reports as a response to flexible queries. 10 megabytes of data per second [5] and in the existence of a large number of depth cameras, a distributed architecture may Virtual Smart Gadgets (VSG) system supports third parties to increase throughput. At least hardware and software discovery, implement cyber-physical gadgets for the smart home. These data storage and retrieval, distributed stream data processing, virtual gadgets can be through body or hand gestures and can respond to touch just like physical tools. For example, Context Identification (CID) service extracts relations from a calendar or a clock projected on the wall that can be touch- outputs of other system level services, such as ATR, and controlled for customization. sensors in the smart home. A context is a set of related sensor readings and service outputs, in which, the relation is the Personal Information Flow (PIF) provides a continuous flow intent of an entity or a cause and effect relation.
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