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Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems D.A National Aeronautics and NASA/TM—2006–214431 Space Administration IS20 George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812 Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems D.A. Gwaltney and J.M. Briscoe Marshall Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama June 2006 The NASA STI Program Office…in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical conferences, science. The NASA Scientific and Technical symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored Information (STI) Program Office plays a key or cosponsored by NASA. part in helping NASA maintain this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA programs, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by projects, and mission, often concerned with Langley Research Center, the lead center for subjects having substantial public interest. NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of English-language translations of foreign aeronautical and space science STI in the world. scientific and technical material pertinent to The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional NASA’s mission. mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results Specialized services that complement the STI are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating Series, which includes the following report types: custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results…even • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI Program NASA programs and include extensive data Office, see the following: or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at and information deemed to be of continuing http://www.sti.nasa.gov reference value. NASA’s counterpart of peer- reviewed formal professional papers but has less • E-mail your question via the Internet to stringent limitations on manuscript length and [email protected] extent of graphic presentations. • Fax your question to the NASA Access Help • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific Desk at 301–621–0134 and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, • Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at working papers, and bibliographies that contain 301–621–0390 minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • Write to: NASA Access Help Desk • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and NASA Center for AeroSpace Information technical findings by NASA-sponsored 7121 Standard Drive contractors and grantees. Hanover, MD 21076–1320 301–621–0390 NASA/TM—2006–214431 Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems D.A. Gwaltney and J.M. Briscoe Marshall Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama Natonal Aeronautcs and Space Admnstraton Marshall Space Flght Center • MSFC, Alabama 35812 June 2006 TRADEMARKS Trade names and trademarks are used in this report for identification only. This usage does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Avalable from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Informaton Natonal Techncal Informaton Servce 7121 Standard Drve 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076–1320 Springfield, VA 22161 301–621–0390 703–487–4650 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. CANDIDATE ARCHITECTURES ............................................................................................... 3 2.1 MIL–STD–1553 .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 SAFEbus ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Time-Triggered Communication Protocol .......................................................................... 8 2.4 FlexRay ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.5 Time-Triggered Controller Area Network ........................................................................... 9 2.6 IEEE 1394b ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.7 SpaceWire ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.8 Ethernet 10/100 Base-T ....................................................................................................... 11 2.9 Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet ......................................................................... 12 2.10 Fibre Channel ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.11 Gigabit Ethernet .................................................................................................................. 13 3. SELECTION RATIONALE .......................................................................................................... 14 4. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 16 APPENDIX—COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE COMPARISON MATRIX ....................... 17 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 23 LIST OF ACRONYMS AE avionics environment AFDX avionics full-duplex switched ANSI Amercan Natonal Standards Insttute ARINC 659 Aircraft Radio, Inc. ASIC application specific integrated circuit BC bus controller BIU bus interface card BOSS bus owner/supervisor/selector CAN controller area network CRC cyclc redundancy check CSMA/CD+AMP carrier sense multiple access with collision detection and arbitration on message priority. CDMA code dvson multple access EBR–1553 enhanced bit rate 1553 ESA European Space Agency ESMD Exploration Systems Mission Directorate FC–AE Fibre Channel avionics environment FDIR fault detecton, solaton, and recovery FPGA field-programmable gate array GOF glass optical fiber v LIST OF ACRONYMS (Continued) I2C inter-IC bus IO input/output IP ntellectual property ISAACC integrated safety crtcal advanced avoncs for communcatons and control ISHM integrated system health management JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory LAN local area network LRM line replaceable module LVDS low-voltage differential signaling MMSI mnature muntons/store nterface MSFC Marshall Space Flght Center NGLT Next Generation Launch Technology PHIAT propulsion high-impact avionics technology POF plastic optical fiber RT remote termnal RX receiver SAN storage area nets SPI seral perpheral nterface SSME Space Shuttle main engine SPIDER™ scalable processor-independent design for electromagnetic resilience TCP transmsson control/protocol v LIST OF ACRONYMS (Continued) TDMA tme dvson on multple access TM Techncal Memorandum TTA time-triggered architecture TTCAN time-triggered controller area network TTP time-triggered protocol TTP/C time-triggered protocol/automotive class C UDP user datagram protocol VL virtual link v TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM COMPARISON OF COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURES FOR SPACECRAFT MODULAR AVIONICS SYSTEMS 1. INTRODUCTION Ths Techncal Memorandum (TM) s a survey of publcly avalable nformaton concernng seral communcaton archtectures used, or proposed to be used, n aeronautc and aerospace applca- tions. It is not intended to be all-inclusive, but rather, focuses on serial communication architectures that are suitable for low-latency or real-time communication between physically distributed nodes in a system. Candidates for the study have either extensive deployment in the field or appear to be viable for near-term deployment. The motvaton for ths survey s to provde a complaton of data sutable for tradng seral bus architecture against requirements for modular distributed real-time avionics architecture for man-rated spacecraft. This survey is one of the products of the Propulsion High-Impact Avionics Technology (PHIAT) Project at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). PHIAT was originally funded under the Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) Program to develop avionics technologies for control of next generation reusable rocket engines. After the announcement of the Space Exploration Initiative, in January 2004, the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) through the Propulsion Technol- ogy and Integration Project at MSFC funded PHIAT. At this time the scope of the project was broad- ened to include vehicle systems control for human and robotic missions. Early in the PHIAT project, a survey was performed to determine the best communication architecture for a safety critical real-time distributed control system. This survey was focused only on those communication architectures specifi- cally targeted for safety critical systems. However, with the broadened scope of the PHIAT project and
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