Il Papero Benefico

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Il Papero Benefico INTRODUZIONE IL PAPERO BENEFICO Dopo la commedia “Il burbero rivelandone un lato molto più simpatico e addi- quindi, confidenzialmente, come “Zio Pape- rittura giocoso. È un colpo di scena, che nem- rone”. I parenti più intimi lo scorceranno ad- benefico” di Goldoni, un altro meno Paperino e i Nipotini si aspettano. La dirittura in “Zione”. Un lettore rivelerà alla veneziano riprende l’argomento. rabbia che l’Uncle Scrooge delle prime vignet- redazione molti anni dopo che si era chiama- te sprizzava da ogni poro segnava un suo sta- to in quel modo anche un vescovo cattolico E lo ambienta a Paperopoli! to d’animo contingente e passeggero, oppure la di Spoleto vissuto alla fine del XI secolo, il cui personalità del vecchio magnate si presentava nome latino suonava correttamente come sorprendentemente complessa sin da questa “Paparonus de Paparonis”. sua prima apparizione? I lettori non avrebbero Invece di limitarsi a una semplice apparizio- dovuto aspettare molto per scoprirlo. ne, come Barks pensa nel 1947, il tycoon pa- peropolese tornerà più volte nelle storie di UN PAPERONE GOLDONIANO Paperino, anche sulla spinta delle richieste dei lettori. A partire dal 1953, la casa editri- Il nome di Scrooge viene tradotto per i let- ce che nel dopoguerra pubblica i fumetti Di- tori italiani con l’azzeccatissimo “Paperon dei sney, la Western Printing and Lithographing Paperoni”, poi col più noto “de’ Paperoni” e Company, dedica a Paperone un autonomo L’allegro fantastiliardario tra le sue monete comic book, dopo averlo promosso protago- d’oro in una illustrazione di Giovan Battista Carpi per I pensieri di Paperone (1973), scritta nista di tre albi monografici della collana Four Le prime due vignette del Paperon dal biografo di Uncle Scrooge, Guido Martina. Color. Barks si premura di renderne la figu- de’ Paperoni di Barks, nell’episodio Donald Duck’s Christmas on Bear Mountain (1947), ra più simpaticamente sfaccettata, una volta tradotto in Italia come Il Natale di Paperino che il Papero è chiamato a sostenere il peso n occasione del Natale 1947, uno dei mas- tempo: il facoltosissimo e avaro zio Scrooge sul Monte Orso sul Topolino giornale. della testata. Così, nelle avventure del nuovo simi fumettisti della scena mondiale, che al McDuck. Lo dipinge iroso e annoiato, estra- Itermine della sua eccezionale parabola cre- neo alla frenesia prenatalizia che coglie la mag- ativa sarà definito “il più grande narratore del gioranza dei suoi concittadini. Lo zio di Pape- Novecento”, progetta una storia molto specia- rino non frequenta da tanto tempo nemmeno i le con Paperino. Questo grande cartoonist si suoi famigliari, isolato com’è nella sua austera e chiama Carl Barks. Dopo aver inventato formi- sontuosa villa, dove vive con la sola compagnia dabili antagonisti per il Papero vestito alla ma- dell’affettato e algido maggiordomo. Ispirando- rinara, dall’irascibile vicino Jones al borioso cu- si all’omonimo, acido e taccagno Scrooge che gino Gastone Paperone (Gladstone Gander), Charles Dickens aveva descritto nella sua ope- Barks si appresta adesso a compiere il suo ca- ra Canto di Natale (A Christmas Carol, 1843), polavoro creativo, inconsapevole dello spessore Barks stempera alla fine dell’episodio la ruvidità che il suo nuovo personaggio assumerà in breve del temperamento di questo Papero basettato, 6 7 INTRODUZIONE Paperone da subito emergono i suoi dubbi, la soltanto, soprattutto negli anni Cinquanta. Una delle tante terribili colluttazioni sua fragilità, affiora qualche rimpianto della Non è difficile trovare, nei disegni di Giusep- fra Zio Paperone e Paperino nelle storie di giovinezza perduta concentrato com’era ad pe Perego, Giulio Chierchini o Giovan Batti- Guido Martina. Le vignette sono tratte da accumulare beni e denari. sta Carpi, le rincorse alla fine di molti episodi Paperino e il grande Barunz (1957) e sono Gli autori italiani che riprendono il perso- o le colluttazioni brandendo randelli, mazze disegnate da Giulio Chierchini. naggio di Paperone quasi in contemporanea chiodate, armi bianche o rametti di salice. con gli States, a partire dal 1952, non sem- Ma Romano Scarpa non è un fan dell’umo- pre sono in grado di cogliere queste sfumatu- rismo slapstick. Preferisce invece scavare re. Si è detto che alcuni di loro sembrano più nel cuore dei personaggi; cerca di capirli me- ispirati da Goldoni che da Barks, quando im- glio immedesimandosi nelle loro personalità postano delle relazioni fra zio e nipote para- e ampliandone i confini dell’azione. Addirit- gonabili ai bisticci fra Pantalone e Arlecchi- tura, smorza gli eccessi delle sceneggiature no (entrambi i nomi, incidentalmente, fanno altrui e, nei casi che ritiene meno accettabili, rima con quelli dei due Paperi). L’origine dei restituisce al mittente la storia, scegliendo- malumori e delle risse scaturisce quasi sem- ne un’altra più in sintonia con le sue corde. pre dal denaro, che a Paperino manca, men- Seguendo l’esempio di Barks, Scarpa dipinge volume, Paperino e la “Fondazione De’ Papero- tre a Paperone lievita a dismisura. un Paperone solo in apparenza cinico e spilor- ni”, il magnate finanzia in segreto una fonda- cio, ma che si distingue al contrario con de- zione benefica intitolata ufficialmente a un suo UNCLE SCROOGE SECONDO SCARPA gli inattesi slanci di genuina compassione e di presunto rivale, il miliardario John D. Buckefel- generosità. Così, nella storia che apre questo ler, che senza farlo trapelare gli regge il gioco. Se questo appunto vale per uno sceneggiato- Per scrivere storie impegnative come questa, lo storyboard di un film. Non a caso, anzi, re come Guido Martina, formatosi nel cam- Scarpa attinge qualche suggestione da una Scarpa racconta per sé prima che per i let- po della pungente satira sociale e della com- delle più belle avventure di Barks, Paperino tori la storia della “Fondazione De’ Papero- media radiofonica, le cose stanno in modo e la Stella del Polo (in originale Uncle Scrooge ni” adottando una “scrittura grafica” che gli molto diverso per Romano Scarpa, quando in “Back to the Klondike”, 1953), dove l’anzia- consente di riflettere al meglio su ogni singo- gli si offre la chance di scrivere le sceneggia- no Papero finge una dimenticanza per bene- la espressione dei personaggi, la loro recita- ture delle proprie storie. Martina ama gli ec- ficiare senza farsene accorgere la sua antica zione, le inquadrature, la sintonia delle figure cessi e, pur di ottenere l’effetto comico de- “fiamma” Doretta Doremì, ridotta in condi- con le battute del testo, annotate in un velo- siderato, non lesina gli scontri anche violenti zioni di povertà. L’atteggiamento di Paperone ce corsivo dentro le nuvolette. Prima di pas- fra Zio Paperone e Paperino e fra quest’ulti- immaginato da Barks è il medesimo che i let- sare all’esecuzione sui fogli di cartoncino, in mo e i Nipotini. Collera, malumore, cinismo tori riconoscono sei anni dopo nella prima im- sostanza, Scarpa disegna per intero la storia a tutto campo, arte di arrangiarsi, prevari- portante prova di Scarpa dove il fantastiliar- una prima volta su dei foglietti volanti, ac- cazione e ansia di vendetta sono alcuni fra dario ha finalmente un ruolo da protagonista. certandosi anche visivamente che il ritmo gli ingredienti costitutivi delle storie made in degli avvenimenti sia giusto, i colpi di scena Italy dei Paperi, scritte da Martina ma non STORIE CON stORYBOARD funzionino, le azioni siano fluide, le battute provochino riso o emozione... La scrittura di questa storia, in linea con la Tale procedimento creativo viene ulterior- Copertina di Carl Barks per il primo comic book periodico dedicato a Uncle Scrooge, maggioranza di quelle che il fumettista ve- mente evidenziato alla fine di questo volu- datato dicembre 1953. La presenza di Paperino neziano compone nei primi anni della sua at- me, mostrando l’intero storyboard inedi- è una garanzia per il lancio della testata. tività, è dettagliata meticolosamente come to di un’altra grande avventura dello Zio 8 9 INTRODUZIONE Un bozzetto tratto dallo storyboard di Paperino e la “Fondazione De’ Paperoni”, realizzato da Scarpa con grande cura. Si riferisce all’ultima vignetta della seconda tavola. Paperone scarpiano, Paperino e l’uomo di Ma Scarpa non può mantenere con costan- Ula-Ula (1959). Stando a un sondaggio sul za questo ritmo creativo, anche perché, nel bilancio del primo mezzo secolo di Topolino, frattempo, riflette pure sulla figura di Mickey questa storia è considerata dai lettori la mi- Mouse e sul suo entourage di Topolinia. A gliore fra tutte quelle che sono apparse sulla vantaggio dell’“eroe per caso” dalle orecchie testata nel decennio Cinquanta. a sventola, Scarpa scodella in questo perio- do due capolavori assoluti del fumetto Di- UNA RARA OPERA INEDITA sney: il giallo epocale Topolino e l’unghia di Kalì (1958) e il primo capitolo di una saga av- Come con Paperino e l’uomo di Ula-Ula, an- venturosa, Topolino e la Dimensione Delta che la “Fondazione De’ Paperoni” nasce per (1959), dove esordisce Atomino Bip Bip, a essere pubblicata su Topolino, con una media tutti gli effetti co-protagonista del buon Mi- di sei vignette per pagina. Ma il direttore del ckey per oltre un anno. tascabile, Mario Gentilini, chiede a Scarpa Oberato da queste incombenze, per la suc- di dirottarla su Almanacco Topolino, il men- cessiva storia con i Paperi, Scarpa accetta sile che necessita, in quel momento, di av- una sceneggiatura di Martina dove Papero- venture importanti da collocare in apertu- ne, contraddicendo in parte lo spirito della ra di fascicolo. Siamo vicini all’estate 1958 e “Fondazione”, si riconferma un irriducibile anche il numero di settembre dell’Almanac- taccagno. Ecco, quindi, Paperino e la scuo- co deve essere chiuso per la stampa entro lu- la dei guai (1958), che esce in concomitan- glio. Non c’è altra soluzione: armato di pa- za con la riapertura delle scuole italiane, fis- zienza, Scarpa ritaglia le tavole già disegnate sata per il 1° di ottobre.
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