Roads as part of complex infrastructure and area use in Norway and the Adaptation of Infrastructure in The Netherlands AF2016 - session SP1.3

Kees van Muiswinkel Rijkswaterstaat Water, Traffic and Environment [email protected] +31 6 1028 1526

The Dutch approach

• Technological challenges for the transport network • Geographical challenges • Policy • Measures and examples • Recommendations

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2 RWS UNCLASS Adaptation of infrastructure in The Netherlands

Eventuele voettekst 1 Transport infrastructure: an uncertain future

• Growth of mobility and congestion? • Pressure on budget • Transition to sustainability, renewable fuels, self driving vehicles, etc. • Increasing role of ICT-ITS (Cooperative Corridors) more dependancy on telecom, electricity, chain effects

influenced by climate and extreme weather

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Afsluitdijk

Dutch challenges

Vulnerability of highways Risk of flooding

60% of the country vulnerable to flooding

Road flooding by normative showers now (blue) and in 2050 (red)

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4 RWS UNCLASS Adaptation of infrastructure in The Netherlands

Eventuele voettekst 2 Policy- Delta Decision on Spatial Adaptation

- Netherlands climate proof and water robust in 2050 - Issues: flooding, drought, heat stress - In 2020 this is part of policy and actions - By 2050 vital and vulnerable functions resilient to flooding

Spatial Adaptation in layer 2 of multilayer safety: take into account water safety / possible flooding when building and investing in spatial planning

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5 RWS UNCLASS Adaptation of infrastructure in The NetherlandsOctober 28, 2015

Policy: National Adaptation Agenda 2016-2018

• Actions for all involved sectors like health and agriculture • Actions for all transport modalities, e.g.:

roads: • Take into account climate change and scenarios in: – tools for sustainability, water assessment – design guidelines – planning, environmental assessment • Take measures on key (decision) moments • Adapt maintenance and replacement strategies inland waterways: • Adapt policy based on erosion and sand depositing survey • Innovation of ships, adaptive design, logistical flexibility • Adapt Guidelines

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Eventuele voettekst 3 Project examples Reconstruction of ringroad Ring Utrecht

Climate aspects of alternatives assessed, takes into account characteristics of the surroundings

Area vulnerable to soil subsidence

Area vulnerable to seepage

Area vulnerable to flooding by extreme precipitation

Vulnerable to flooding by Klimaataspecten voor de Ring Utrecht – Rapport Alterra failing of levees flooding

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Afsluitdijk (1932) will be adapted to live up to safety standards, combined with environmental, sustainability, recreation and tourism and transport functions

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Eventuele voettekst 4 barrier - Maeslantkering Crude oil Chemicals Ore Agribulk Ro-Ro

Botlek Area

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Source:9 HBR,RWS UNCLASSJaap Lems 2009 Adaptation of infrastructure in The Netherlands 9

rail levee

pipelines

Storm surge barrier - Hartelkering

Inland shipping highway

Multistakeholder development of adaptation strategy for water safety in Botlek Area*, Rijkswaterstaat involved for roads

Source of foto: Rijkswaterstaat Beeldbank * initiated by City and Port of

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Eventuele voettekst 5 Botlek water safety

Area on previous slide

2015: waterdepths 1:1000 2050: same waterdepths 1: 300

Investigation shows: - Creates awareness of stakeholders - Connectedness of industry, international impact of flooding - Road: more indirect (economical) than direct damage, importance for evacuation

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Recommendations

• Start early in planning proces, involve other stakeholders • Integrate adaptation in land use planning • Adaptive, long term focus planning • Adapt on key moments (design, planning, building, maintaining, asset management, replacement) • Consider transport system as a whole • To convince decision makers: - Focus on long term benefits (‘carrot’) - Emphasize urgency and consequences (‘stick’)

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Eventuele voettekst 6 Propositions

1. Connectedness of transport system and environment combined with uncertain future require cross mode, cross sector and cross border cooperation 2. Complexity and long term effects and costs necessitate strong governmental involvement

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