OCTOBER Final 2020 Rumble

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

OCTOBER Final 2020 Rumble Badger State Region Early FordV-8 Club February 2020 THE RUMBLE SHEET A Publication of the Badger State Region Early Ford V-8 Club, Inc. Volume 49 October 2020 No events for October due to pandemic.. so how about some Halloween groaners! What do birds give out on Halloween? Tweets Why did the scarecrow get a promotion? He was outstanding in his field. What’s a skeleton’s favorite instrument? A trom-bone Why are cemeteries so popular? Everyone is dying to get in. What kind of music do mummies listen to? Wrap music What’s the best thing to put in pumpkin pie? Your teeth Why do vampires always seen sick? They’re always “coffin” Why are ghosts such bad liars? You can see right through them. Why don’t vampires have a lot of friends? Because they are a pain in the neck. What do you call a witch at the beach? A sand-witch What’s a ghost’s favorite band? The Grateful Dead What did the skeleton buy at the store? Spare ribs Why was the ghost crying? He wanted his mummy. Ok, don’t shoot me! I’ll willingly resign my position as editor. Badger State Region Early Ford V-8 Club January 2020 BOARD OF DIRECTORS - 2020 Mike Dutkiewicz - President/Historian Res: 414-529-3770 Cell: 414-510-3770 [email protected] “Mercury” Ed Suchorski - Vice President Res: 262-895-6128 [email protected] Judy Deschler - Secretary/Editor/Mailing/E-Mailings Res: 262-639-1934 Cell: 262-744-1928 [email protected] Steve Davel - Treasurer/Membership/Sales Res: 262-968-9483 Cell: 262-993-9020 [email protected] Bruce Winter- Member at Large Res: 414-422-9833 Cell: 414-520-3000 [email protected] Ryan Cross - Member at Large/Tour Coordinator/National Correspondent Cell: 414-614-8021 [email protected] Gail Leicht - Sunshine Res: 262-763-2004 [email protected] Presidents Message I hope every one read and tried to understand the Resolution from the new National Club legal advisor. If you take it word for word we should not be planning any gatherings, tours or face to face meetings. So what should we do, I will wait until there is more information from the National Club. Until then you can still enjoy your car and take it out for a drive. I will continue working on my car as it has been on the road for 18 years with repairs and maintenance thru the years but now is my opportunity for some major repairs. Hoping this Covid Pandemic will be resolved by next spring so we can resume fun with Fords next year. President Mike D. October November 1 Carl Klein 14 Don Kirst 8 Joyce Hartay Mike Dutkiewicz 11 Val Wagner 16 Bonnie Davel 14 Sherry Ullius 20 Heather Herbst 17 Robert Saur 23 Bill Storey 23 John Urban 31 Ed Meyer Thanks to those who send news, bits of trivia, etc, to put in our newsletter. With no events taking place, it’s difficult to put together a newsletter. Badger State Region Early FordV-8 Club February 2020 A Fresh Engine for the 35 Ford Part -2 "Screech" that is the sound of the progress on my engine project made as it came to an abrupt stop. Originally I was going to cover the assembly, installation and adjusting the valves. The valves were installed and adjusted which was a time consuming process. With the valves installed I assembled the pistons to the connecting rods and installed the rings. After installing two of the pistons I rotated the engine to align the crankshaft to install the pistons in the next cylinder. Whoa why was one of the pistons protruding out of the cylinder about an 1/8th of an inch. (see photo) Well, I discovered the hard way, I have a very desirable Mercury crankshaft with a 1/4 inch longer stroke. Let me go back a few years, as parts were being accumulated a crankshaft was one of the items I needed. A friend from work had a flathead engine salvaged from a junk yard that someone had started taking apart and if I wanted to get dirty and wrestle it apart I could have the crankshaft. So after some greasy hands and skinned knuckles it came apart. Neither one of us knew it happened to be a Merc engine. So now it is time out while I review my options as I go thru my accumulation of parts. I should have a decision to report by next month. Mike D. For Sale 1939 to 1948 Ford crankshaft was donated to the club. bearing journals measure standard size 2.139 for the rods and 2.499 for the main bearings. Some rust on the bearing surfaces will have to be reground should clean up at .020 undersize. If you can use it make a donation to the club treasury. Call Mike D. 414-510-3770 V-8 Vine Kathy Herbst has discarded her “boot” for a soft foot brace. She’s begun therapy after breaking her foot. Kenny Bednar finished building a trailer for their kayaks. He and Connie enjoyed a day kayaking on a local lake. Kathy Graham is enjoying playing Bingo at her assisted living home. She is thrilled to have a great granddaughter.in the family (the first girl)! Both, Glen and I are scheduled for cataract surgeries in October (every Thursday!) Therefore, I will not be putting together a November newsletter. Badger State Region Early Ford V-8 Club January 2020 Continued from September - Oil Leaks by Larry Graham Badger State Region Early FordV-8 Club February 2020 Car Trivia 1920: Detroit Electric Detroit Electric produced some of the earliest EVs and could travel about 80 miles between charges. One modified Detroit set a record, traveling 241 miles on a charge. These EVs only had a top speed of around 20 mph, so they were mainly used as dependable inner city transportation. Sales of the Detroit Electric would slide throughout the 1920s thanks to improved internal combustion engines. By the time the company finally ceased operations in 1939, it had produced around 13,000 EVs. 1921: Lincoln L-Series After spending its earliest years producing Lincoln aircraft engines for WWI, the company began automobile production. The very first Lincoln, the L Series, road on a long 130-inch wheelbase and was powered by an81 horsepower V8. although this was a brand-new car company an a brand-new car, the design was dated as soon as it hit dealers and sales were’t strong. Just one year, later, the company was in rough shape financially and was sold to Ford who turned it into a luxury car powerhouse. 1922: Doble Steam Car In the 1920s, America was flirting with alternative fuels—and steam was one of them. The Doble Steam Motors Corporation began production of their cars in 1922, but just 36 were built through 1931. One of them is owned by Jay Leno. There’s no need for a transmission thanks to the steam engine’s incredible torque. Leno once wrote in PM, “Open the hand throttle and acceleration from a dead stop is smooth and continuous. The Doble just continues to pull all the way. It only has about 150 hp, but the torque output is huge: 2200 lb-ft at the rear wheels.” 1923: Lancia Lambda The new Lambda was a technical masterpiece for Lancia. Most notably, the Italian sports tourer pioneered the use of monocoque construction instead of the heavier body- on-frame designs that were the norm at the time. The Lambda was the first with this weight-saving engineering and decades ahead of other carmakers. The Lambda also broke new ground with its independent front suspension system, and was the first automaker to use a V4 engine. Lancia would use V4 engines in cars through the 1960s. Badger State Region Early Ford V-8 Club January 2020 Car Parts for Sale courtesy of Gary Buckman In the past I have donated some V-8 parts to the Club to sell at the swap meets you attend to recruit new members. The Club can sell them for any amount and use the proceeds for your expenses. The attached pictures are of the items I was wanting to donate. The NEW Power Brake & Pedal Assembly is Bob Drake p/n TI-4849-PB @ $380 + shipping will fit Ford 1935-40 Car & 1940-41 Pick-Up. I decided I did not want to cut a hole in my convertible's frame to install this system, plus my rebuilt brakes worked much better so I did not need the power assist. If I had a sedan body, which is much stiffer, I would have installed the power brake set up. I have enough "rattles" without causing more frame twisting. � My new clutch is not nearly as stiff as my old one, making my knees happy. A new improved radiator plus new thermostats eliminated the need for an electric cooling fan. I have a Restomod 1950 Ford in FL that I put a modern radio in & removed the old 6 volt one. The fender mirrors are from the same car. The literature is "stuff" I collected. The advertising booklet is original; the rest are reproductions. Gary Buckman *****Contact Mike Dutkiewicz if you’re interested in any item/s (contact info. on pg. 2) ’49-51 Used radio & 2 fender mirrors ’36’& ’37 literature V-8 used clutch New power brake & parts face pedal assembly Used 6 volt V-8 used radiator clutch pressure cooling fan plate, throwout bearing & hub Badger State Region Early FordV-8 Club February 2020 Car Phones: We’ve Come a Long Ways In The Beginning The First Mobile Telephone Call Many of the early cell phones were considered to On June 17, 1946 a driver in St.
Recommended publications
  • 21 3 Steam Engine Governor Having a Close Approximation to Perfect Action
    21 3 ON A SIMPLE CONSTRUOTION OF STEAM ENGINE GOVERNOR HAVING A CLOSE APPROXIMATION TO PERFECT ACTION. BY ME. JEREMIAH HEAD, OF MIDDLESBBOUGH. The irregularity of speed tolwhich all steam engines are liable arises from two principal causes : variation in the pressure of steam supplied, and variation in the amount of resistance to be overcome. Variation of steam pressure may arise from irregular firing, overtaxed boilers, or in the case of waste-heat boilers, from several dampers happening to be closed at once, and from other similar and obvious cauaes. Variation in resistance occurs when the work to be performed is from its nature intermittent ; this variation is at its minimum in such engines as those used for pumping or blowing, and at its maximum in engines such as are attached to saw-mills, rolling mills, grindstones and shears. If an engine readily lags in speed when the resistance increases, its efficiency is lessened just when most required ; and if it “runs away” when relieved of work, or when the steam pressure is higher than ordinary, the wear and tear of the machinery connected with it is increased, and at the same time steam is wasted in doing the mischief. These considerations were all fully recognised by Watt, who sought to remedy them by his well- known steam engine governor. Although imperfect and partial in its action, this governor is sufficient for many purposes; and its extreme simplicity has caused it to remain to the present time in more extensive use than any other. It acts on a throttle-valve inserted in the steam-pipe close to the valve-chest, and partly closes the throttle-valve when the normal speed is exceeded, and opens it wider when the speed falls below the ordinary rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Mmubn000001 026689529.Pdf
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/147957 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. OXIDATIVE CHALLENGE TO AGING HUMAN LENS LEADING TO NUCLEAR CATARACT P.M.M. van HAARD TOELICHTING Het doel van het hier beschreven onderzoek is een beter inzicht te krijgen in het ontstaan van cataract o-F staar in de ooglens van sommige ouder wordende mensen. De lens stelt de mens in staat om scherp te zien. Een voor­ waarde is wel dat de lens licht doorlaat. Elke verandering in de lichtdoorlaatbaarheid ten gevolge van troebel worden van de lens wordt cataract genoemd. Oit betekent niet dat onscherp zien altijd aan cataract te wijten zou zijn. De lenstroebelingen, voorkomend bij oudere mensen (90-95% van alle cataracten) worden ouderdomscataracten genoemd. Tot deze groep van cataracten behoort de kerncataract ι het is de­ ze vorm van cataract die ik onderzocht heb. De kerncataract is om allerlei redenen een interessant onder- zoekobject. Komen bij andere ouderdomscataracten witte troe- belingen voor in verschillende delen van de lens, bij kernca­ taract wcrdt alleen het normaal lichtgeel gekleurde binnenste deel van de lens - de kern - meestal rond het vijftigste jaar steeds harder, troebel en bruiner van kleur. In het ernstigste en meest gevorderde stadium blijkt de harde, zwartbruine kern van de lens even groot te zijn als de lens bij de geboorte is.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrification and the Ideological Origins of Energy
    A Dissertation entitled “Keep Your Dirty Lights On:” Electrification and the Ideological Origins of Energy Exceptionalism in American Society by Daniel A. French Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in History _________________________________________ Dr. Diane F. Britton, Committee Chairperson _________________________________________ Dr. Peter Linebaugh, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Daryl Moorhead, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Kim E. Nielsen, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Patricia Komuniecki Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo December 2014 Copyright 2014, Daniel A. French This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the express permission of the author. An Abstract of “Keep Your Dirty Lights On:” Electrification and the Ideological Origins of Energy Exceptionalism in American Society by Daniel A. French Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in History The University of Toledo December 2014 Electricity has been defined by American society as a modern and clean form of energy since it came into practical use at the end of the nineteenth century, yet no comprehensive study exists which examines the roots of these definitions. This dissertation considers the social meanings of electricity as an energy technology that became adopted between the mid- nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth centuries. Arguing that both technical and cultural factors played a role, this study shows how electricity became an abstracted form of energy in the minds of Americans. As technological advancements allowed for an increasing physical distance between power generation and power consumption, the commodity of electricity became consciously detached from the steam and coal that produced it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newcomen Society
    The Newcomen Society for the history of engineering and technology Welcome! This Index to volumes 1 to 32 of Transactions of the Newcomen Society is freely available as a PDF file for you to print out, if you wish. If you have found this page through the search engines, and are looking for more information on a topic, please visit our online archive (http://www.newcomen.com/archive.htm). You can perform the same search there, browse through our research papers, and then download full copies if you wish. By scrolling down this document, you will get an idea of the subjects covered in Transactions (volumes dating from 1920 to 1960 only), and on which pages specific information is to be found. The most recent volumes can be ordered (in paperback form) from the Newcomen Society Office. If you would like to find out more about the Newcomen Society, please visit our main website: http://www.newcomen.com. The Index to Transactions (Please scroll down) GENERAL INDEX Advertising puffs of early patentees, VI, 78 TRANSACTIONS, VOLS. I-XXXII Aeolipyle. Notes on the aeolipyle and the Marquis of Worcester's engine, by C.F.D. Marshall, XXIII, 133-4; of Philo of 1920-1960 Byzantium, 2*; of Hero of Alexandria, 11; 45-58* XVI, 4-5*; XXX, 15, 20 An asterisk denotes an illustrated article Aerodynamical laboratory, founding of, XXVII, 3 Aborn and Jackson, wood screw factory of, XXII, 84 Aeronautics. Notes on Sir George Cayley as a pioneer of aeronautics, paper J.E. Acceleration, Leonardo's experiments with Hodgson, 111, 69-89*; early navigable falling bodies, XXVIII, 117; trials of the balloons, 73: Cayley's work on airships, 75- G.E.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Evaluation of the GENIUM AFI 5.5 Prepak in Cataract Surgery
    Vincent_edit.qxp 24/9/08 12:34 Page 25 Surgery Cataracts Clinical Evaluation of the GENIUM AFI 5.5 Prepak in Cataract Surgery a report by Patrice Vincent LCA Pharmaceutical Clinical Research DOI: 10.17925/EOR.2009.02.01.25 The demand for intraocular lenses (IOLs) pre-loaded in single-use Figure 1: GENIUM AFI 5.5 Prepak Pre-loaded Intraocular Lens with Injector in Immersion Inside Its Sealed Sterile Vial sterile injectors is a logical step in the evolution of cataract surgery. The intention is not only to dispense with the surgeon or his/her assistant loading the IOL in a conventional injector, but also to directly implant the IOL inside the eye correctly and safely, reducing contact with the environment to virtually zero, and ultimately to make surgery easier and safer, preventing endophthalmitis. The obvious advantage of such a technique is the elimination of The vial itself is delivered inside a sealed pouch for double sterility protection. risks such as mistakes during IOL handling (incorrect placement inside the cartridge, accidental contamination, etc.) or even the use of an inflammation of the anterior segment, uncontrolled glaucoma and any improper injector device, resulting in a damaged lens. The latter point retinopathy that would prevent satisfactory visual acuity being obtained. demonstrates that there is a big difference between a single-use injector that has to be loaded conventionally and a truly pre-loaded The patient group ranged from 46 to 99 years of age (mean age IOL. To fulfil this demand, LCA Pharmaceutical has designed the 75.2±8.1 years) and 64% were women.
    [Show full text]
  • Data for Engineering Design: Lean's Engine Reporter and Early
    Les archives de l’invention, pp. 211-226. Data for engineering design: Lean’s engine reporter and early nineteenth century steam technology* Alessandro Nuvolari** One of the salient features of the Industrial Revolution was the transition from an economic system based on the exploitation of «organic»natural resources to another centered on the intensive use of inorganic minerals. In this sense, the Industrial Revolution consisted in a dramatic increase of the energy potential susceptible of effective economic utilization1. If we consider the cluster of technological innovations commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution in this perspective, the steam engine, allowing the transformation of thermal energy (heat) into kinetic energy (work), assumes paramount importance. Traditional accounts of early industrialization have, more or less explicitly, considered that a wide range of application sectors rapidly benefited from the development of steam power technologies2. This seems, however, to be generally unwarranted. When carefully examined, the diffusion of steam power appears to have been a delayed and particularly prolonged affair. The late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century economies were still dominated by the pervasive use of animal, wind and water power3. In fact, the widespread utilization of steam power had to await a number of cumulative improvements that progressively reduced the power costs of the steam engine. A major part of the power costs associated with the * This paper draws partially on NuvolariA.,«Collective invention during the British Industrial Revolution:the case of the Cornish pumping engine»,Cambridge journal of economics, 2004, n°28.An earlier version was presented at the conference «LesArchives de l’Invention» organized at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers – Centre d’histoire des techniques and the Centre historique des Archives nationales (Paris, 26-27 may 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Steam Power Technology
    The Making of Steam Power Technology A Study of Technical Change during the British Industrial Revolution _____________________________________________________________________ Alessandro Nuvolari Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies (ECIS) Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands CIP – DATA LIBRARY TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN Nuvolari, Alessandro The making of steam power technology / by Alessandro Nuvolari. – Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2004. – Proefschrift. – ISBN 90-386-2077-2 NUR 696 Keywords: Economical history / Industrial history / Steam engines; history Cover illustration: John Farey, vertical section of Arthur Woolf’s compound engine at Wheal Vor Mine (Cornwall), circa 1839 Cover design: Paul Verspaget Printing: Eindhoven University Press The Making of Steam Power Technology A Study of Technical Change during the British Industrial Revolution PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, prof.dr. R.A. van Santen, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 23 september 2004 om 16.00 uur door Alessandro Nuvolari geboren te Mantova, Italië Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren: prof.dr. H.H.G. Verspagen en prof.dr. G.N. von Tunzelmann Copromotor: dr.ir. G.P.J. Verbong ‘You see, Tom,’ said Mr Deane, at last, throwing himself backward, ‘the world goes on at a smarter pace now than it did when I was a young fellow. Why, sir, forty years ago, when I was much such a strapping youngster as you, a man expected to pull between the shafts the best part of his life, before he got the whip in his hand.
    [Show full text]
  • Arc of the Rim of a Drum Or Pulley Whose Motion It Resists
    400 CHAPTER III. OF REGULATING APPARATUS. 349. Beplaliq Apparata• «,Jaued-Brake-Ply-Gove.1aer.­ The effect of all regulating apparatus is to control the speed of machinery. A regulating instrument may act simply by con· suming energy, so as to prevent acceleration, or produce re­ tardation, or stop the machine if required; it is then called & brake; or it may act by storing surplus energy at one time, and giving it out at another time, when energy is deficient: in this case it is called a fly; or it may act by adjusting the power of the prime mover to the work to be done, when it is called a gove:rnot• The use of a brake involves waste of power. A flyand a governor,. on the other hand, promote economy of power and economy ot strength. SECTION I.-Of Brakes. 350. Brakea De&aed and �laued.-The contrivances here com· prehended 11nder the general title of Brakes are those by means of which friction, whether exerted amongst solid or fluid particles, is purposely opposed to the motion of a machine, in order either to stop it, to retard it, or to employ superfluous energydurino- uniforlll motion. The use of a brake involves waste of energy, which is in itself an evil, and is not to be incurred unless it is necessary to con- venience or safety. Brakes n1av be classed as follows:- I. Block-b1:akes,in which one solid body is simply pressed against another, on ,vhich it rubs. II. Flexible brakes, which embrace the periphery of.a drum or pulley (as in Prony's Dynamometer, Article 341, page 383).
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Cornish Pumping Engine with Wrought Iron Beam and the Pit Work at Clay Cross Colliery
    DESCRIPTION OF THE CORNISH PUMPING ENGINE WITH WROUGHT IRON BEAM AND THE PIT WORK AT CLAY CROSS COLLIERY. ~ BY MR. WILLIAM HOWE, OB CLAY CROSS. At the commencement of the working of the Clay Cross Colliery the upper seams of coal were drained by the Clay Cross railway tunnel ; but as the lower seams were sunk to and worked, the water could no longer run into the tunnel, and gradually increased in quantity until it became necessary first to put in pumps of small size worked by the winding engines then in use on the colliery, which were sufficient for draining the works for some years. Afterwards as the works extended fui-ther, one pump after another was added, until there were altogether six pumping stations, at two of which were independent pumping engines of 40 horse power each. The water still following to the dip of the measures, it was found that either inorc pumping power must be added in the same way that it had been increased from the commencement, by putting down more engines, or else a single large pumping engine must be erected to drain the whole of the works, which had extended to an area of several hundred acres and a depth of 420 feet. After much consideration it was determined to erect a Bingle large pumping engine on the Cornish principle, to pump the whole of the water at one point of the colliery. When this was completed it at once threw out of use seven sets of pumps and engines requiring several enginemen to look after them; and saved much expense in repairs, which had been continually necessary at one or other of the several pumping stations.
    [Show full text]
  • PRESTONGRANGE Lo-Inch CORNISH ENGINE a MYTH
    PRESTONGRANGE lO-inch CORNISH ENGINE­ A MYTH EXPLODED h u Kenneth Brown a o VI If S c F a The preserved 70-inch Cornish pumping engine at Prestongrange Colliery near E Edinburgh, now the Prestongrange Mining Museum, has always been assumed from E the inscription on the cast-iron beam to have been built by Harvey & Co. of Hayle in r 1874. The author has uncovered evidence that the engine is a little older than Robinson's famous 80-inch engine at South Crofty and enjoyed a similar working life of 101 years at four sites; moreover only the beam is of Harvey manufacture. This article is submitted in the hope that it may encourage other members to dip into the morass of literature and crumbling remains in an attempt to unravel other 'Cornish engine mysteries' which still puzzle us. My list of surviving Cornish pumping engines published in the Society's newsletter No. 31 (November 1980) was challenged by a few members on the grounds that the history given for the Prestongrange 70-inch engine is wrong. I wrote individually to each explaining how I had arrived at my conclusions concerning the engine's age and parentage, and this aroused such fascinating correspondence that I realised that the story should be made available to members generally. The various research steps were taken very much as a 'learn as you go along' process, and it is hoped that they In themselves will be of some interest, quite apart from their final outcome. This research has proved beyond any doubtthatthe enginewas built by J.E.
    [Show full text]
  • James Rumsey, American Inventor by David G
    James Rumsey American Inventor James Rumsey 1743-1792 Oil portrait by Benjamin West James Rumsey was the “most original and the greatest mechanical genius I have ever seen.”1 —Thomas Jefferson 1 “Jefferson to Joseph Willard, March 29, 1789, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 14:699.” Edwin T. Layton, Jr., "James Rumsey: Pioneer Technologist," West Virginia History, 1989. Vol. 48, p. 22. James Rumsey, American Inventor By David G. Allen 2 Introduction: Making Steam Power Work................................................... 3 James Rumsey in Virginia .......................................................................... 5 James Rumsey in England ....................................................................... 12 The First Steamboat ................................................................................. 18 James Rumsey’s Steamboat ..................................................................... 24 The Constant Inventor.............................................................................. 25 James Rumsey’s Boiler............................................................................. 28 Epilogue................................................................................................... 30 Sources.................................................................................................... 34 Timeline ................................................................................................... 36 Of Bandits and Tooth Drawers ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Stationary Steam Engine
    ~apers.1 ROBERTSON ON THE STATIONARY STEAM-ENGINE. 353 (Paper No. 3188.) ‘‘ The Evolution of the Stationary Steam-Engine.” By ANDREWROBERT ROBERTSON. INthe time of Newcomen the steam-engine was used only as a means of driving a pump, as the natural outcome of the older idea of elevating water by displacing it with steam. Savery’s engine, or pump,worked on the latter principle, but the limits of the conditions under which it would act were so quickly reached, that Newcomen’s engine soon after its advent almost entirely replaced it ; but although at that time unable to do the work demanded of it, modern methods and knowledge have enabled Savery’s engine to reappear in the many forms of Pulsometer pumps. Early engines were called “ fire-engines,” and are now classed as“atmospheric,” the steam having been used not as a direct means of driving, but only to displace t,he air in the cylinder, which, in condensing, produced avacuum on one side of the piston and allowed the pressure of the atmosphere to act on the other side. Since the daysof Newcomen the name most intimately connected with the steam-engine is that of James Watt, and in his hands it assumed a shape and embodied principles which later engineers have not alteredbut only added toand improved. To show, therefore, that the main features and principle of the engine as laid down by Watt and his contemporaries differ only in detail from those employed by successive experimenters and designers will be the mainobject of this Paper. Watt began his study of the principles of Newcomen’s engine by investigating the quantity of water necessary to condense a givenamount of steam, withthe object of determiningthe temperature corresponding to varioussteam pressures.
    [Show full text]