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Intercultural Problems in Translation of Ancient Turkic Work

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Intercultural Problems in Translation of Ancient Turkic Work PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2020) 57(8): 548-554 ISSN: 00333077 Intercultural Problems In Translation Of Ancient Turkic Work Zohid Sadikov PhD., Associate professor, Namangan State University, Uzbekistan. ABSTRACT Cross-cultural problems of translation of ancient Turkic work in modern German and English languages are analyzed in this article. At the beginning, the author draws attention to the relationship of prominent scientists of the world who have contributed to this topic and justified the relevance of the intercultural problems occurred in the process of translation under the study. A comparative analysis of German and English translations of ancient Turkic word-realities with national color with the original work is performed and the methods and translation methods are determined in the article as well. Keywords: Ancient book, realities, Scopos theory, transliteration, transcription, adequate, correction in translation, interpretation, integrity of the original, special comment, professionalism, translation science Article Received: 18 October 2020, Revised: 3 November 2020, Accepted: 24 December 2020 Introduction development of intercultural translation of the In the world-recognized western European conduct. As a result, not only text, but also culture journal “LebendeShrachen” (living languages) had is the object of a study of translation theory. published an important article regarding the topic Uzbek scholars also developed Scopos of Skopos theory. The author of this article who theory. Professor Gaybulla Salomov, answering was a famous German translator Hans Vermeer this question, says: "To whom should the criticized the view of translation sciences as a part translator direct his work? The main, original of linguistics which has opened the way of the capital of the translator in the original is not the opportunity to think independently about the basis text of the translation, but the information in it. of the general theory of translation. Due to the However, its purpose should not be to create a fact, the only purely translational comparisons of different text, but to recreate the content of the translation with the original work give an accurate original text. It reveals that a good translator conclusion about adequacy. Skopos theory should consider the needs of his readers" [2, emphasizes the integrity of the original that the p.104]. translation cannot cover the entire original. He can only interpret. If the original work was written in Materials and methods ancient times, its perception into modern In this article, we try to analyze the languages will become even more difficult. features of intercultural transformation from the According to German scientist Hans Vermeer, it is text of the ancient Turkic original "Kutadgu bilig" the characteristics of the translator to present (Wisdom of Royal Glory) by Yusuf Khas Khajib certain information. The functional role of the (11th century) to modern Uzbek (1971), German original in the translation language is directly (1910) and English (1983). This work is an related to the translation text. Hans Vermeer’s encyclopedic source of information on the daily student Hans Goring confirmed not only the life and culture of the Turkic peoples of the correctness of his teacher’s theory, but added antiquity of Central Asia. The lexical dictionary of another line of translation text. It is the transfer of the text of the work is rich in purely Turkic words. culture from one language to another. He calls it The author of the study on the problems of the the cultural phenomenon of translation [1, p.74]. lexical composition of this work Prof. Dr. Kasim Such studies have positively influenced the Sodikov who divides such vocabulary into 21 548 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2020) 57(8): 548-554 ISSN: 00333077 topics and showed the lexical-semantic feature of V. Radlov's German Translation: this ancient Turkic vocabulary [3, p.286-306]. The Höre, wie da spricht der durch author of the original interprets life, and the Schlauheit Berühmte, translator interprets life only in the context of the Der viel Salz und Brot gesehen hat, original text. However, he recreates the text for his der Glückliche der Menschen. readers. This is the problem of translating ancient V. Radlov transcribed Yla into German - hilä [5, Turkic cultural identity into modern German and p. 206]. As a result, ancient Turkic Ila is translated English. as - treacherous. First, the translator When re-creating the national color, misunderstood the name of the noble commander, especially in the translation of the words of reality second, misinterpreted the meaning of this reality. in the artwork, translator should pay attention to However, it should be stressed that in the the image and their functions in the appropriate Turkic and English translation R.Arat and context. This article provides a comparative R.Denkoffare incorrectly corrected. The German analysis of the ancient Turkic original with word Schlauheitdenotes trick or guile. For German and English translations. Russians or Uzbek, this has a negative shade. Translation of realities in Kutadgu bilig Nevertheless, for the Germans, they understand into foreign languages . her in a completely different sense, or rather, in Here, main attention is drawn to the the sense of smart. Therefore, the German following forms of ancient Turkic word-realities: translation of V. Radlov is considered adequate - Personal names, name geographical area and and correct. In the transcription of the Turk positions; scientist and translator R.Arat, there is a proper - Name of food products, beverages, clothes and attitude to the transcription of the original Ancient medicines, name of two-pronged goods, drinks, Brock work. He translated as follows: kitchen products, clothes and medicines; 2319. negűtireśitgililaatligi - Professionalism. tűzetmekkingűt ay kisikutlugi A. Translation of words-realities of R. Denkoff's translation: personal names, name of geographical terrain and 2320. The Chief of Ili Valley has said: If positions. fame and life are your desire, feed bread The author of "Kutadgu Bilig" gives in the work and salt. Robert Dankoff translated The the following names of various positions Chief of Ili Valley. This is a relatively connected from the area of that time: Yla of an revile interpretation. Despite, the English atlynOrda (notable of Ili), UchOrdukhan (Khan of translation featured the words Valley, three Orda), θтүкән run (bekOtukana), which is not in the original. However, at Yagmakhun (bekof Yagma), Biligligchigit the same time, the translator gives (Knowing chigit). additional cooperation to the English In the chapter, "Augustus tells the lord edition: what the commander-in-chief of the troops should "In" Kutadgubilig "e there is a wealth of be" describes as follows: information about many ancient Turkic Khans: 2283. Нэкү тэр эшитгил Ыла атлығы bekOtukana, bekYagma, Khan three hordes, khan Туз этмэк кэнүт эй киши қутлуғы Yla, yabguBoka, KokAyik (Sine Bear), Alp Er Translation: Tonga (Afrasiyab). These names are linked to the What the noble says with the name name of the geographical area. For example, the Yla, words of Ylaare related to the name of the river, Get plenty of salt and bread, hey Otukan - the navies of the mountain range, Chigil dear (4). 549 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2020) 57(8): 548-554 ISSN: 00333077 and Yagma - the name of the tribes of that time Russian translator S. Ivanov made the right "[6, p.52]. choice: Vemli, what the Lord UchOrdu said [8, In addition, there is also the problem of p.143.]. In places, the German translator follows translating the reality of Ilaatligi (noble Yla). The this rule and will translate some names using author of the work emphasizes that the noble Yla transcription: means still damp, wealth. Through certain words θтүкәнrun (bekof a Otukan) - Der Trefflichste aus A.etmekcanut- have a lot of salt and bread reader Odűgän. But Germany’sTrefflichste stands for understands that such a noble Yla. The author says fine or excellent. However, this quality of Khan is that the noble Yula gave his warriors a lot of salt not in the original. It’s not real either, it’s not and bread. adequate. At the same time, it cannot be B. the Old Turkic dictionary this word is considered correct not to reasonably miss the described so: "Kenű, keŋűt - to extend, words of the original in a translation into another rasshiratsya (rus.Will increase)" [7, p.299]. In language. In the chapter "The Answer of Robert Denkoff 's English preface, the translator Ogdülmish to Ozgurmish" the author dates, the understands this in Feed Brad and salt. The point following bate: is that in the English text the word many will go In "Kutadgubilig": away. As a result, the ancient Turkic didactic Nekuthaireshitgilbiligligchigil Yusuf KhasKhajib turns to the ceremony of Biligsizeschitgilbounberegil (540) presenting bread and salt in front of the public. Semantic translation: There is another problem in translating Listen to what the knowledgeable chigil word-realities in "Kutadgubilig" into foreign says, languages. In the head "The good is born from Hey not knowing, listen and bow. kindly" the author gave the information on other V. Radlov'stranslation: Turkic khan UchOrdu Khan (Khan Three Hordes). Höre, wie da der Wissende spricht, richte V. Radlov will translate this into German - der dich darnach, Fürst der dreiOrdu(King of Three hordes) [5. Du Unwissender, höre, biete den Hals dar, 146.].With this, the translator used the aim of beuge dich. (300) meaning translation when transmitting his own As we can see, the German translator missed the names. It is wrong. First, V.Radlov personal wordchigilin translation. In my opinion, it was names in another language are not translated, but necessary to translate this bate in this way: transcribed. For example, the name of the seat Höre, wie da der wissende Tschigil spricht, Panjikent means five cities or the area Ettisuv– richte dich danach. seven Water. This does not give the right to (Listen, what the knowing Chigil says, translate into German - Siebenwasser.
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