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Information Technology Adoption by Principals in Botswana Secondary Schools Angelina Totolo

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Information Technology Adoption by Principals in Botswana Secondary Schools Angelina Totolo Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Information Technology Adoption by Principals in Botswana Secondary Schools Angelina Totolo Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF INFORMATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY PRINCIPALS IN BOTSWANA SECONDARY SCHOOLS By ANGELINA TOTOLO A dissertation submitted to the College of Information in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2007 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Angelina Totolo on June 15, 2007. ---------------------------------------- Kathleen Burnett Professor Directing Dissertation ---------------------------------------- Alysia Roehrig Outside Committee Member ---------------------------------------- Eliza Dresang Committee Member ---------------------------------------- Darrell Burke Committee Member ---------------------------------------- Gary Burnett Committee Member Approved: Larry Dennis, Dean, College of Information The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii This dissertation is dedicated to my family, to my husband, Dr. Otlogetswe Totolo, whose love, dedication and sense of humor encouraged me to go on. To my son Tshepo, who is always very supportive and loving in his quiet way. To my loving and very courageous daughter, Refilwe, who endured many years without the love of a mother at a tender age. Her strength and endurance made me all the stronger to continue my studies. Above all, I thank the Almighty God for his guidance throughout my studies. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere and deep appreciation to my major professor, Dr. Kathleen Burnett, who was my mentor and my advisor. I am deeply indebted to her unwavering support both professionally and personally, and to her prompt, perceptive and thorough review of my dissertation. Her smile each time I met her for our weekly meetings encouraged me to go on. To my outside committee member, Dr. Alysia Roehrig, my committee members, Dr. Gary Burnett and Dr. Darrell Burke, I want to say thank you very much for enhancing my work with your expertise and knowledge. I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Eliza Dresang, my committee member, for her unfailing support both academically and personally. I am deeply indebted to her kindness, her concern for my progress and her professionalism. To Mrs. Kemotho Mabe and Ms. Gaothobogwe Malepa, whose help with the surveys and the setting up of interview appointments was invaluable, I express my appreciation for their immeasurable contribution. To Mannana Totolo, Molaodi Totolo, Tshegofatso Motsemme and her family, Constance Mabile and her family, Dineo Setshogo and her family, and Galeagelwe Baikepi, I wish to express my appreciation for their unfailing support throughout my studies. To the participants, the principals of Botswana secondary schools, I say thank you very much for making this study a reality. To Mr. Abraham Senabye, for his invaluable help with the data collection; I express my sincere appreciation. To the University of Botswana, I want to say thank you for giving me an opportunity to study. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM CONTEXT ......................................................................................................1 Problem Statement..................................................................................................................................... 2 Significance of the Study............................................................................................................................ 4 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Instrument Pre-testing and Piloting........................................................................................................... 6 Research Objectives and Questions......................................................................................................... 11 Definition of Terms.................................................................................................................................. 12 Assumptions............................................................................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 19 Theories of IT diffusion and adoption...................................................................................................... 19 Barriers to IT Diffusion ........................................................................................................................... 25 Botswana ................................................................................................................................................. 30 IT Leadership and Principals .................................................................................................................. 34 Problem in relation to the literature........................................................................................................ 36 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................... 38 Research Design...................................................................................................................................... 38 Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 43 Population of the Study............................................................................................................................ 45 Data Collection and Dissemination......................................................................................................... 46 Techniques for maximizing the return rate of survey .............................................................................. 48 Techniques for collecting useful data from interviews ............................................................................ 48 Techniques to Ensure Reliable and Valid Data....................................................................................... 49 Instrument Validity and Reliability.......................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 4: SURVEY ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ........................................................................... 53 Description of the Research Population.................................................................................................. 54 Regression Tests ...................................................................................................................................... 57 Hypotheses Testing .................................................................................................................................. 58 Distinct Hypothesis and Research Questions .......................................................................................... 61 Analysis and Summary of the Survey....................................................................................................... 64 Chapter Summary.................................................................................................................................... 67 v CHAPTER 5: INTERVIEW ANALYSIS AND RESULTS.................................................................... 69 Type of Interview Questions .................................................................................................................... 69 Computer Anxiety: Self Descriptions....................................................................................................... 72 Perceived Usefulness: Self Descriptions ................................................................................................. 77 Perceived Ease of Use: Self Descriptions................................................................................................ 79 Part 2: Future of computers in schools ................................................................................................... 85 Uses of the computer: Self descriptions................................................................................................... 86 Future plans for schools .......................................................................................................................... 90 Analysis of Interview Responses.............................................................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH ............................................................ 100 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................
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