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Moüjmtaiim Operations
L f\f¿ áfó b^i,. ‘<& t¿ ytn) ¿L0d àw 1 /1 ^ / / /This publication contains copyright material. *FM 90-6 FieW Manual HEADQUARTERS No We DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 30 June 1980 MOÜJMTAIIM OPERATIONS PREFACE he purpose of this rUanual is to describe how US Army forces fight in mountain regions. Conditions will be encountered in mountains that have a significant effect on. military operations. Mountain operations require, among other things^ special equipment, special training and acclimatization, and a high decree of self-discipline if operations are to succeed. Mountains of military significance are generally characterized by rugged compartmented terrain witn\steep slopes and few natural or manmade lines of communication. Weather in these mountains is seasonal and reaches across the entireSspectrum from extreme cold, with ice and snow in most regions during me winter, to extreme heat in some regions during the summer. AlthoughNthese extremes of weather are important planning considerations, the variability of weather over a short period of time—and from locality to locahty within the confines of a small area—also significantly influences tactical operations. Historically, the focal point of mountain operations has been the battle to control the heights. Changes in weaponry and equipment have not altered this fact. In all but the most extreme conditions of terrain and weather, infantry, with its light equipment and mobility, remains the basic maneuver force in the mountains. With proper equipment and training, it is ideally suited for fighting the close-in battfe commonly associated with mountain warfare. Mechanized infantry can\also enter the mountain battle, but it must be prepared to dismount and conduct operations on foot. -
Monte Spinale
ACCESSIBLE VIEWPOINT - MOUNT SPINALE gruppobrenta.it © description UNESCO Dolomites system Brenta Dolomites mountain group(s) Brenta UNESCO values Landscape: the Dolomites are the universal archetype for a specific mountain landscape that takes its name, “Dolomite landscape”, from these very mountains. A number of key features define this particular landscape. Firstly the extremely complex topography, distinctive for the mountain ranges that, while separate, are juxtaposed in a particularly contained setting. Secondly, the uncommon variety of shapes, both vertical (cliffs, needles, spires, pinnacles, towers and jagged peaks) and horizontal (ledges, roofs, overhangs, crags, plateaux and high plains). First and foremost however, the Dolomites are famous for their exceptional varieties of colour and the extraordinary contrast between the soft lines of the pasturelands and the sudden vertical thrust of the stark, bare mountain peaks. The remarkable mountain landscape that we see today has changed very little since it formed millions of years ago. The unmistakable, familiar shapes of the Dolomite peaks are none other than the atolls and coral reefs of those ancient times, while the Alpine passes and inhabited valleys we see today correspond to the deep stretches of sea which originally separated them. This is the only example in the world of a fossil landscape that is as recognisable as this, a tropical archipelago that has transformed into extraordinary towering mountains. Geology: The Dolomites are one of the best conserved examples in the world of fossil reefs and tropical environments of the Mesozoic era. They preserve fossil evidence of the organisms which were instrumental in their formation around 250 million years ago. -
6.Peaks in 5 Days
6 Peaksin 5 Days Not surprisingly, scaling incredible summits ranks among the most popular activities in the Alps -- including iconic peaks like the Matterhorn, the mystical Wildspitze glacier, or the vertigo-inducing Zugspitze. But if climbing isn’t your thing, you can take a cable car to the tops of these peaceful giants and enjoy the views, sans ice pick. Breathtaking view of the Zugspitze, Germany’s highest peak Germany MUNICH SALZBURG 6 BERCHTESGADEN 4 GARMISCH ZURICH Austria 5 HOHE TAUERN Switzerland 3 ÖTZTAL 2 GSTAAD 1ZERMATT 1Zermatt Picturesque Zermatt lies at the foot of the fabled Matterhorn, one of the world’s iconic mountains. The popular, car-free destination has preserved its original character and offers nearly unlimited possibilities for fun, including skiing, climbing, and hiking, as well as boutique shopping and outdoor ice-skating and curling rinks. STAY EAT DO The Omnia Mountain Lodge At Cervo Mountain Boutique Zermatt cable cars take visitors to claims pride of place on a rock Resort, Alpine-chalet design Europe’s highest mountain station high above Zermatt. merges with a hint of hunting lodge. and the Matterhorn Glacier Paradise. At the Matterhorn’s foot sits the The Cervo-Puro Restaurant boasts Gorner Gorge ranks among the most four-star superior Romantik 14 GaultMillau points. Restaurant breathtaking natural beauties of Hotel Julen, featuring 1818 serves modern Alpine cuisine. Zermatt. spruce-paneled rooms. myswitzerland.com/the-omnia-mountain-lodge myswitzerland.com/hotel-cervo.html myswitzerland.com/zermatt.htm myswitzerland.com/romantik-hotel-julen myswitzerland.com/restaurant-1818 myswitzerland.com/gorner-gorge See Amazing Blacknose Sheep Visit the legendary Blacknose Sheep in the stable of the Julen family every Wednesday. -
Chapter 4 Member States of the European Union and The
CHAPTER 4 membeR StAteS oF tHe EuroPean UnioN and tHe EuroPean EcoNomic AReA 4.1 Austria ............................................. 18 4.15 Latvia .............................................. 50 4.2 belgium ........................................... 20 4.16 lithuania ......................................... 52 4.3 Cyprus ............................................. 24 4.17 luxembourg ................................... 55 4.4 Czech Republic ............................... 26 4.18 Malta ............................................... 59 4.5 denmark ......................................... 29 4.19 Netherlands ..................................... 61 4.6 estonia ............................................. 31 4.20 Norway ............................................ 64 4.7 Finland ............................................ 33 4.21 Poland .............................................. 66 4.8 France.............................................. 35 4.22 Portugal ........................................... 69 4.9 Germany ......................................... 37 4.23 Slovakia ........................................... 71 4.10 Greece .............................................. 39 4.24 Slovenia ........................................... 74 4.11 Hungary .......................................... 41 4.25 Spain ................................................ 76 4.12 Iceland ............................................. 43 4.26 Sweden ............................................. 81 4.13 Ireland ............................................ -
A Hydrographic Approach to the Alps
• • 330 A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS • • • PART III BY E. CODDINGTON SUB-SYSTEMS OF (ADRIATIC .W. NORTH SEA] BASIC SYSTEM ' • HIS is the only Basic System whose watershed does not penetrate beyond the Alps, so it is immaterial whether it be traced·from W. to E. as [Adriatic .w. North Sea], or from E. toW. as [North Sea . w. Adriatic]. The Basic Watershed, which also answers to the title [Po ~ w. Rhine], is short arid for purposes of practical convenience scarcely requires subdivision, but the distinction between the Aar basin (actually Reuss, and Limmat) and that of the Rhine itself, is of too great significance to be overlooked, to say nothing of the magnitude and importance of the Major Branch System involved. This gives two Basic Sections of very unequal dimensions, but the ., Alps being of natural origin cannot be expected to fall into more or less equal com partments. Two rather less unbalanced sections could be obtained by differentiating Ticino.- and Adda-drainage on the Po-side, but this would exhibit both hydrographic and Alpine inferiority. (1) BASIC SECTION SYSTEM (Po .W. AAR]. This System happens to be synonymous with (Po .w. Reuss] and with [Ticino .w. Reuss]. · The Watershed From .Wyttenwasserstock (E) the Basic Watershed runs generally E.N.E. to the Hiihnerstock, Passo Cavanna, Pizzo Luceridro, St. Gotthard Pass, and Pizzo Centrale; thence S.E. to the Giubing and Unteralp Pass, and finally E.N.E., to end in the otherwise not very notable Piz Alv .1 Offshoot in the Po ( Ticino) basin A spur runs W.S.W. -
The Supreme Discipline of Mountaineering
The Supreme Discipline of Mountaineering To what heaven would it lead me to climb a mountain that flew? Christoph Ransmayr, “The Flying Mountain” MMM Corones on Kronplatz – between the Gader Valley, Olang and the Puster Valley – is the final act in the Messner Mountain Museum project (which comprises a total of six facilities). On the edge of South Tyrol’s mountain plateau with the most spectacular views, in the unique museum architecture created by Zaha Hadid, I present the crowning of traditional mountaineering. Kronplatz offers views beyond the borders of South Tyrol to all points of the compass: from the Lienz Dolomites in the east to the Ortler in the west, from the Marmolada in the south to the Zillertal Alps in the north. The museum is a mirror of the world of my childhood - the Geislerspitzen, the central buttress of the Heiligkreuzkofel (the most difficult climb in my whole life) and the glaciated granite mountains of the Ahrn Valley. On Kronplatz I present the development of modern mountaineering and 250 years of progress with regard to the equipment. I speak of triumphs and tragedies on the world’s most famous peaks – the Matterhorn, Cerro Torre, K2 – and the depiction of our activity, however contradictory it may seem. As in my other museums, I shed light on alpinism with the help of relics, thoughts, works of art (pictures and sculptures) and by reflecting the outside mountain backcloth in the interior of MMM Corones. As the storyteller of traditional mountaineering, it is not my intention to judge or dramatise but simply to condense human experience of a world that is my world, of the 250-year-old contest between man and the mountain. -
Folklore and Etymological Glossary of the Variants from Standard French in Jefferson Davis Parish
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1934 Folklore and Etymological Glossary of the Variants From Standard French in Jefferson Davis Parish. Anna Theresa Daigle Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Daigle, Anna Theresa, "Folklore and Etymological Glossary of the Variants From Standard French in Jefferson Davis Parish." (1934). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 8182. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/8182 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FOLKLORE AND ETYMOLOGICAL GLOSSARY OF THE VARIANTS FROM STANDARD FRENCH XK JEFFERSON DAVIS PARISH A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SHE LOUISIANA STATS UNIVERSITY AND AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES BY ANNA THERESA DAIGLE LAFAYETTE LOUISIANA AUGUST, 1984 UMI Number: EP69917 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Dissertation Publishing UMI EP69917 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). -
In Memoriam 115
IN MEMORIAM 115 • IN MEMORIAM CLAUDE WILSON 1860-1937 THE death of Claude Wilson within a few weeks of attaining his seventy-seventh birthday came as a terrible shock to his many friends. Few of us even knew that he was ill, but in the manner of his passing none can regret that there was no lingering illness. We can but quote his own words in Lord Conway's obituary: 'the best we can wish for those that we love is that they may be spared prolonged and hopeless ill health.' His brain remained clear up to the last twenty-four hours and he suffered no pain. The end occurred on October 31. With Claude Wilson's death an epoch of mountaineering comes to an end. He was of those who made guideless and Alpine history from Montenvers in the early 'nineties, of whom but Collie, Kesteven, Bradby, ~olly and Charles Pasteur still survive. That school, in which Mummery and Morse were perhaps the most prominent examples, was not composed of specialists. Its members had learnt their craft under the best Valais and Oberland guides; they were equally-proficient on rocks or on snow. It mattered little who was acting as leader in the ascent or last man in the descent. They were prepared to turn back if conditions or weather proved unfavourable. They took chances as all mountaineers are forced to do at times but no fatal accidents, no unfortunate incidents, marred that great page of Alpine history, a page not confined to Mont Blanc alone but distributed throughout the Western Alps. -
51 20 Sommerfaltkarte EN.Indd
Want to see the towns and villages on the map? Please turn over! 1 Good to know 2 Region & people 1.1 Tourism Boards Long-distance hiking MTB Climbing Families X 1.2 Travelling to Tirol 2.1 Tirol‘s Mountains XX 2.3 Food & Drink Telephone number & Towns and villages in this region e-mail address Webseite Region good for ARRIVING BY TRAIN coming from Switzerland Tirol is a land of mountains, home to more than 500 summits International Intercity via St. Anton am Arlberg. over 3,000 metres. The northern part of Tirol is dominated by 1 Achensee Tourismus Achenkirch, Maurach, Pertisau, +43.5246.5300-0 www.achensee.com trains run by the ÖBB Drivers using Austrian the Northern Limestone Alps, which include the Wetterstein Steinberg am Rofan [email protected] (Austrian Federal Rail- motorways must pay a and Kaiser Mountains, the Brandenberg and Lechtal Alps, the ways) are a comfortable way toll charge. Toll stickers Karwendel Mountains and the Mieming Mountains. The Sou- 2 Alpbachtal Alpbach, Brandenberg, Breitenbach am Inn, +43.5337.21200 www.alpbachtal.at to get to Tirol. The central (Vignetten) can be bought Brixlegg, Kramsach, Kundl, Münster, Radfeld, [email protected] thern Limestone Alps run along the borders with Carinthia Rattenberg, Reith im Alpbachtal train station in Innsbruck from Austrian automobile and Italy. They comprise the Carnic and Gailtal Alps as well serves as an important hub associations as well as at as the Lienz Dolomites. The Limestone Alps were formed long 3 Erste Ferienregion Aschau, Bruck am Ziller, Fügen, Fügenberg, +43.5288.62262 www.best-of-zillertal.at im Zillertal Gerlos, Hart, Hippach, Hochfügen, Kaltenbach, [email protected] and so do the stations at petrol stations and border ago by sediments of an ancient ocean. -
Recent Debris Flow Occurrences Associated with Glaciers in the Alps ⁎ Marta Chiarle A, , Sara Iannotti A, Giovanni Mortara A, Philip Deline B
Global and Planetary Change 56 (2007) 123–136 www.elsevier.com/locate/gloplacha Recent debris flow occurrences associated with glaciers in the Alps ⁎ Marta Chiarle a, , Sara Iannotti a, Giovanni Mortara a, Philip Deline b a CNR‐IRPI, Strada delle Cacce, 73–10135 Torino, Italy b Laboratoire EDYTEM, CNRS‐Université de Savoie, 73376 Le Bouget‐du‐Lac, France Received 12 August 2005; accepted 21 July 2006 Available online 9 January 2007 Abstract Debris flows from glacier forefields, triggered by heavy rain or glacial outbursts, or damming of streams by ice avalanches, pose hazards in Alpine valleys (e.g. the south side of Mount Blanc). Glacier‐related debris flows are, in part, a consequence of general glacier retreat and the corresponding exposure of large quantities of unconsolidated, unvegetated, and sometimes ice‐cored glacial sediments. This paper documents glacier‐related debris flows at 17 sites in the Italian, French, and Swiss Alps, with a focus on the Italian northwest sector. For each case data are provided which describe the glacier and the instability. Three types of events have been recognized, based on antecedent meteorological conditions. Type 1 (9 documented debris flows) is triggered by intense and prolonged rainfall, causing water saturation of sediments and consequent failure of large sediment volumes (up to 800000 m3). Type 2 (2 debris flows) is triggered by short rainstorms which may destabilize the glacier drainage system, with debris flow volumes up to 100000 m3. Type 3 (6 debris flows) occurs during dry weather by glacial lake outbursts or ground/buried ice melting, with debris flow volumes up to 150000 m3. -
Alpine Adventures 2019 68
RYDER WALKER THE GLOBAL TREKKING SPECIALISTS ALPINE ADVENTURES 2019 68 50 RYDER WALKER ALPINE ADVENTURES CONTENTS 70 Be the first to know. Scan this code, or text HIKING to 22828 and receive our e-newsletter. We’ll send you special offers, new trip info, RW happenings and more. 2 RYDERWALKER.COM | 888.586.8365 CONTENTS 4 Celebrating 35 years of Outdoor Adventure 5 Meet Our Team 6 Change and the Elephant in the Room 8 Why Hiking is Important – Watching Nature 10 Choosing the Right Trip for You 11 RW Guide to Selecting Your Next Adventure 12 Inspired Cuisine 13 First Class Accommodations 14 Taking a Closer Look at Huts 15 Five Reasons Why You Should Book a Guided Trek 16 Self-Guided Travel 17 Guided Travel & Private Guided Travel EASY TO MODERATE HIKING 18 Highlights of Switzerland: Engadine, Lago Maggiore, Zermatt 20 England: The Cotswolds 22 Isola di Capri: The Jewel of Southern Italy NEW 24 French Alps, Tarentaise Mountains: Bourg Saint Maurice, Sainte Foy, Val d’Isère 26 Sedona, Arches & Canyonlands 28 Croatia: The Dalmatian Coast 28 30 Engadine Trek 32 Scotland: Rob Roy Way 34 Montenegro: From the Durmitor Mountain Range to the Bay of Kotor 36 New Mexico: Land of Enchantment, Santa Fe to Taos NEW 38 Slovakia: Discover the Remote High Tatras Mountains NEW MODERATE TO CHALLENGING HIKING 40 Heart of Austria 42 Italian Dolomites Trek 44 High Peaks of the Bavarian Tyrol NEW 46 Sicily: The Aeolian Islands 48 Rocky Mountain High Life: Aspen to Telluride 50 New Brunswick, Canada: Bay of Fundy 52 Via Ladinia: Italian Dolomites 54 Dolomiti di -
Experience Europe with Local Connection and Support
EXPERIENCE EUROPE WITH LOCAL CONNECTION AND SUPPORT NEW UNTOURS IN PORTUGAL: Porto & the Douro, Sintra & Lisbon 2019 • #UNTOURS • VOL. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS UNTOURS & VENTURES ICELAND PORTUGAL Ventures Cruises ......................................25 NEW, Sintra .....................................................6 SWITZERLAND NEW, Porto ..................................................... 7 Heartland & Oberland ..................... 26-27 SPAIN GERMANY Barcelona ........................................................8 The Rhine ..................................................28 Andalusia .........................................................9 The Castle .................................................29 ITALY Rhine & Danube River Cruises ............. 30 Tuscany ......................................................10 HOLLAND Umbria ....................................................... 11 Leiden ............................................................ 31 Venice ........................................................ 12 AUSTRIA Florence .................................................... 13 Salzburg .....................................................32 Rome..........................................................14 Vienna ........................................................33 Amalfi Coast ............................................. 15 EASTERN EUROPE FRANCE Prague ........................................................34 Provence ...................................................16 Budapest ...................................................35