NAME _________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS _______ Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know myth a traditional story that explains a culture’s What makes a culture unique? beliefs or part of the natural world ritual words or actions that are part of a religious GUIDING QUESTIONS ceremony 1. How did the ancient Greeks honor their gods? oracle a priestess who speaks for the gods and answers questions about what will happen in the 2. Why were epics and fables important to the future ancient Greeks? fable a story that teaches a lesson 3. How did Greek dramas develop? oral tradition the custom of passing stories from 4. What ideas did the Greeks express in their art one generation to the next by telling the stories and architecture? out loud drama a story that is told by the actions and spoken words of actors tragedy a drama in which characters struggle to overcome problems, but fail comedy a drama that tells a humorous story Where in the world? Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. DOPW (Discovering our Past - World) RESG WhenChapter 08 did it happen? Map Title: Greece File Name: C8_L1_wsresg_01A.ai Map700 Size: 39p6 b.c. x 20p0 600 b.c. 500 b.c. Date/Proof: Feb 3, 2011 - First Proof 2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 c. 700s b.c. Homer You Are Here in c. 550 b.c. Aesop’s c. 500s b.c. Greek creates the Iliad and the History fables are written architects begin Odyssey using marble columns 89 NAME _________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS _______ Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture, Continued Greek Beliefs The Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses, and they told Marking myths about them. Greek myths are traditional stories about the Text gods and heroes. The Greeks believed these gods affected 1. Underline what the everyday life. Every city-state had a god or goddess who Greek gods and protected its people. The Greeks worshiped their gods in goddesses were like. temples and at home. The Greek gods and goddesses had great powers. However, Paraphrasing the Greek people did not fear them because the gods acted like humans. Greeks believed the 12 most important gods and 2. Why did the Greeks goddesses lived on Mount Olympus and were protected by a have festivals and gate of clouds. Zeus was the king of the gods. rituals for their gods? To please their gods, the people performed rituals, or religious ceremonies in honor of the gods. They had festivals, or celebrations, and feasts for the gods. They prayed and offered gifts to the gods. They believed that the gods were pleased when the people showed skill in the arts or athletics. Every four years they had athletic competitions, called the Olympic Games. Reading The Greeks believed that the gods made prophecies, or Check predictions, to help people plan for the future. People who wanted 3. Why did the ancient to know the future or listen to other advice visited an oracle. This Greeks seek advice was a priestess who talked to the gods from a room deep inside a from oracles? temple. People asked the priestess questions. She told her answers to the priests. Then the priests translated the answers. The most famous oracle was at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. Epics and Fables Greek poems and stories are some of the oldest in the Western world. Many writers have used ideas from these old stories, like Identifying England's William Shakespeare. 4. Who wrote the Iliad The Iliad The Odyssey and the Odyssey? • written about 700 b.c. • written about 700 b.c. • story of a war between • story of the hero the Greeks and the Odysseus people of Troy • adventures of Odysseus • Troy won the war using a going home from the wooden horse Trojan war The earliest Greek stories were called epics. Epics are long poems about heroes and their brave deeds. Homer wrote two great Greek epics: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer wrote them both in the 700s b.c. 90 NAME _________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS _______ Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture, Continued The Iliad tells of a war between the Greeks and the people of Troy. The story describes how this war was won with a wooden horse. The Odyssey tells about the hero, Odysseus, and his long journey home from the Trojan War. Listing The Greeks believed that the Iliad and the Odyssey were true 5. Place a three-tab Venn stories. These epics gave them a history filled with heroes and diagram Foldable brave deeds. Homer’s stories taught important lessons, such as, along the dotted line friendship and marriage should be valued. Homer’s heroes were next to Epics and role models for the Greeks. Fables. Write Epics on the anchor tab. Label Epic Fable the top tab Iliad, the middle tab Both, and the bottom tab Glue Foldable here • short story Odyssey. On the • long poem • uses animals reverse sides, list facts • has brave hero Both about each to compare who talk and adventures • passed down and contrast the • shows human • describes brave from one stories. qualities deeds generation to the next • often funny Critical • is written down • teaches a • told out loud Thinking • thought to lesson • ends with a 6. Why do you think be true moral lesson Aesop’s fables are still told today? Have you heard the story of “The Boy Who Cried Wolf?” This story and others like it were said to have been written by a man named Aesop. He is supposed to have lived around 550 b.c. Historians now know that there was probably never anyone Reading named Aesop who wrote these stories. However, the stories do Check exist. They are known as Aesop’s fables. Fables are short tales that teach a lesson. They always have a Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. 7. How do fables usually end? point, or moral. The moral is a truth that teaches a useful life lesson. Fables are often funny and show human weaknesses and strengths. Aesop’s fables were part of Greece’s oral tradition for about 200 years. This means that people told the stories out loud to their children and grandchildren. Later, people wrote down the fables. Aesop’s fables are read and told today by people all around the world. 91 NAME _________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS _______ Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture, Continued The Impact of Greek Drama A drama is a story told by people who act out the events. They Reading play the parts of the characters in the story, saying their words Check and acting out their feelings and actions. Movies, plays, and 8. How did Greek drama television shows are often dramas. influence how people The Greeks developed two types of drama—tragedy and are entertained today? comedy. A tragedy has an unhappy ending. The characters in a tragedy cannot solve their problems no matter how hard they try. The first Greek plays were tragedies. Later the Greeks wrote comedies. A comedy ends happily. Today, we use the word comedy to mean a funny story. For the Explaining Greeks, a comedy was any drama with a happy ending. 9. Why were temples In ancient Greece, women were not allowed to act. Men played built? all the parts, even the female characters. For the Greeks, dramas were part of religious festivals. Greek dramas dealt with big ideas, such as the meaning of good and evil and the rights of people. Reading Greek Art and Architecture Check Greek artists created art that expressed the ideals of order, balance, and harmony. This style of art is now known as the 10. How did the Greeks classical style. design their buildings? Greek artists painted on pottery, using red and black paint. Large vases often have pictures from myths. Small pieces, like cups, have pictures from everyday life. The Greeks built beautiful buildings. These buildings had large Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. columns to support the roof. The most important buildings were 11. Place a two-tab the temples. Each temple was dedicated to a god or goddess. Foldable to cover the The Parthenon of Athens honored the goddess Athena. Check for Many Greek temples were decorated with sculpture. Sculpture, Understanding. Write like all of Greek art, expressed artists' ideas of perfection and Greek on the anchor beauty. tab. Label the top tab Writing and the bottom Check for Understanding tab Art and Architecture. Use both List three kinds of writing that were started by the sides of the tabs to list Glue Foldable here ancient Greeks. what you remember 1. about Greek writing, art, and architecture. 2. 3. 92 NAME _________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS _______ Greek Civilization Lesson 2 The Greek Mind ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know Sophists Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning, How do new ideas change the way people and public speaking live? rhetoric the art of public speaking and debate Socratic method philosophical method of GUIDING QUESTIONS questioning to gain truth; developed by Socrates 1. What ideas did the Greeks develop to explain Hippocratic Oath a set of promises about patient the world around them? care that new doctors make when they start 2. What did the Greeks believe about history practicing medicine and science? When did it happen? 600 b.c. 500 b.c. 400 b.c. 300 b.c. 548 b.c. Thales of 435 b.c. Herodotus 399 b.c. 335 b.c. Aristotle Miletus dies writes history of Socrates opens the Lyceum in Persian Wars sentenced Athens to death You Are Here in c.