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4. 3. 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING makes unique?What aculture QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 2015 8, December Conversions: Font 2018 Proof -First 2011 3, Feb Date/Proof: x20p0 39p6 Size: Map C8_L1_wsresg_01A.ai Name: File Greece Title: Map Chapter 08 RESG -World) Past our (Discovering DOPW Where in the world? 700 b.c. 700 Odyssey creates the b.c. 700s c. and architecture? art their in express Greeks the did ideas What develop? dramas Greek did How ancient Greeks? the to important fables and epics were Why gods? their honor Greeks ancient the did How Greek CultureGreek Iliad Homer and the

History You in Here Are 600 b.c. 600 DATE ______

comedy overcome problems, but fail tragedy actors of words spoken drama out loud stories the telling by next to the generation one tradition oral fable future about what will happenanswers questions in the oracle ceremony ritual world natural the of part or beliefs myth Terms to Know fables are written are fables b.c. 550 c. a story that teaches alesson teaches that a story a traditional story that explains a culture’s aculture’s explains that story a traditional words or actions that are part of a religious areligious of part are that actions or words

a priestess who speaks for the gods and and gods the for speaks who a priestess a story that is told by the actions and and actions the by told is that a story

a drama in which characters struggle to struggle characters which in a drama a drama that tells a humorous story ahumorous tells that a drama

the custom of passing stories from from stories passing of custom the Aesop’s Aesop’s CLASS ______columns using marble begin architects b.c. 500s c. 500 b.c. 500 Greek Greek 89 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

?

Check the Text Why did the ancient Greeks seek advice oracles? from Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey Underline what the what Underline Greek gods and goddesses like. were Why did the Greeks festivalshave and ritualsfor their gods? Marking CLASS ______CLASS Reading 3. Identifying 4. 1. Paraphrasing 2.

. or religious

DATE ______DATE . Homer wrote them The Odyssey written about b.c 700 story the of hero Odysseus adventures Odysseus of going home from the war Trojan • • • Continued and the Odyssey

Greek Culture, Greek Culture, The IliadThe aboutthem. Greek myths traditional are stories about

story a war of between the Greeks and the people Troy of won the war using a Troy horse wooden written about b.c. 700 The Greeks believed that the gods made prophecies, or The Greek gods and goddesses had great powers. However, please their gods,To the people performed rituals, The earliest Greek stories called were epics. Epics long are • • • predictions,help to people plan for the future. People who wanted knowto the future or listen other to advice visited an oracle. This was a priestess who the talked to gods from a room deep inside a temple. People the asked priestess questions. She told her answers the to priests. Then the priests translated the answers. The most famous oracle Apollo of was at the in Delphi. Temple ceremonies in honor the of gods. They had festivals, or celebrations, and feasts for the gods. They prayed and offered gifts the to gods. They believed that the gods pleased were when the people showed skill in the arts or athletics. Every four years they had athletic competitions, called the Olympic Games. Epics and Fables Greek poems and stories some are the of oldest in the Western world. Many writers used have ideas from these old stories, like WilliamEngland's Shakespeare. the Greek people did not fear them because the gods acted like humans. Greeks believed the most 12 important gods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus and protected were a by gate clouds. of was Zeus the king the of gods. Greek Beliefs The Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses, and they told myths gods and heroes. The Greeks believed thesegods affected everyday life. Every city-state had a god or goddess who protected its people. TheGreeks worshiped their gods in home. at and temples ______NAME both in the 700s b.c. poems about heroes and their brave deeds. Homer wrote two great Greek epics: the Iliad 90 Lesson 1 Lesson Greek Civilization Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. Greek Civilization Greek

Lesson 1 NAME______7. Reading 6. Critical 5. Listing

end? usually fables do How today? told Aesop’s are still fables you think do Why Iliad tab top the anchorthe tab. Label Fables and to Epics next line dotted the along diagram Foldable VennPlace a three-tab stories. the contrast and to compare each about facts list sides, reverse Odyssey tab bottom the Both tab middle Check Thinking Greek Culture,Greek . Write Epics . On the the . On

, the , the , and , and on on

Continued Glue Foldable here around world. the all by people today told and Aesop’s are read fables fables. their children and grandchildren. Later, wrote people down the to loud out stories the told people that means This 200 years. strengths. and weaknesses human show and funny are often Fables lesson. life auseful teaches that atruth is moral The moral. or point, Aesop’s as are known They fables. exist. However, do stories stories. the these wrote who Aesop named never anyone probably was there that know now Historians 550 b.c. around to have lived supposed is He Aesop. named by aman written to have like were said been it others and story role models for the Greeks. the for models role friendship and should be valued. Homer’s heroes were as, such lessons, important taught stories Homer’s deeds. brave and heroes with filled ahistory gave them epics These stories. journey home from Trojan the War. Odyssey The horse. awooden with won was war Troy. this how describes story The The for about about for of Greece’s tradition oral Aesop’s were part fables have a always They alesson. teach that tales are short Fables This Wolf?” Cried Who Boy of “The story the Have you heard Iliad the that believed Greeks The Iliad •  •  •  •  • long poem be true to thought down written is deeds brave describes and adventures hero brave has tells of a war between the Greeks and the people of people the and Greeks the between of awar tells Epic DATE ______

tells about the hero, Odysseus, and his long long his and hero, Odysseus, the about tells •  •  lesson a teaches next the togeneration one from down passed Both CLASS ______and the •  •  •  •  • •  Odyssey moral lesson a with ends loud out told funny often qualities human shows talk who animals uses story short Fable were true were true

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Use both and the bottom on the anchor the on anchor Art and Check Check Why temples were built? How did the Greeks their buildings? design Place a two-tab Foldable the cover to Check for Understanding. Write Greek tab. Label the top tab Writing tab Architecture. sides the of tabs list to remember you what about Greek writing, art, and architecture. How did Greek drama influence people how entertainedare today?

Reading Reading CLASS ______CLASS 9. Reading 10. 11. 8. Explaining and

DATE ______DATE tragedy Continued to mean to a funny story. For the Greek Culture, Greek Culture, is a story told people by who act out the events. They A tragedy has an unhappy ending. The characters in a List three kinds of writing that were started the by

Greek artists painted on pottery, using red and black paint. large had buildings Greeks built beautifulThe buildings. These Many Greek temples decorated were with sculpture. Sculpture, In , women not were allowed act. to Men played The Greeks developed twotypes drama— of Later the Greeks wrote comedies. A comedy ends happily. drama 3. 2. Check for Understanding Check 1. ancient Greeks.

Greek artists created art that expressed the ideals order, of Thisbalance, and style harmony. art of is now known as the classical style. Large vases often pictures have from myths. Small pieces, like cups, pictures have from everyday life. columns support to the The most roof. important buildings were the temples. Each temple was dedicated a god to or goddess. ParthenonThe the goddess honored Athena. of all Greek of like art, expressed artists' ideas perfection of and beauty. Greek ArtGreek Architecture and all the parts,all characters. the female even For the Greeks, dramas part festivals. with dealt ideas, dramas religious Greek big were of such as the meaning good of and evil and the rights people. of The Impact of Greek Drama Greek Impact of The A comedy. Greeks, comedy a was any drama with a happy ending. play the parts the of characters in the story, saying their words actingand out actions. their and feelings Movies, plays, and television shows often are dramas. tragedy cannot solve their problems no matter how hard they try. The first Greek plays tragedies. were use we the word comedy Today, ______NAME 92 Lesson 1 Lesson here Foldable Glue Greek Civilization Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. Lesson 2 Civilization Greek

When did it happen? it did When with the information that you that information the learned. with Lcolumn the in fill lesson, the reading to know. you want After what list Wcolumn, the In scientists. and historians, philosophers, Greek ancient about know you already what list Kcolumn, the In What do you know? 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING live? people way change the How new do ideas QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______600 and science? history about believe Greeks the did What them? around world the explain to develop Greeks the did ideas What b.c. 548 dies Miletus History You in Here Are b.c. b.c. The Greek Mind Thales of of Thales K 500 b.c. Peloponnesian Wars of history writes b.c. 424 c. 435 435 Persian Wars of history writes b.c. b.c. Herodotus Herodotus Thucydides Thucydides W DATE ______

practicing medicine practicing start they when make doctors new that care Oath Hippocratic questioning to gain truth; developed by Socrates method Socratic rhetoric speaking public and Sophists Terms to Know

to death to sentenced Socrates 399 the art of public speaking and debate and speaking public of art the 400 Greek teachers of , reasoning, b.c. b.c. b.c. Academy in Athens 387 387

philosophical method of method philosophical a set of promises about patient patient about promises of a set b.c. b.c. CLASS ______Plato opens the the opens Plato Athens Lyceum in the opens 335 L b.c. b.c. Aristotle 300 b.c. 93 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. , . on the Socrates come from? come from? and Aristotle Word Origins Word Where does the word philosophy Place a three-tab a Place Foldable along the dotted line. Write Greek Thinkers Label the tab. anchor tabs—three Who made up the top group ideal Plato's of government? Plato, Use both sides the of tabswrite to about the beliefs each of philosopher. Understanding CLASS ______CLASS 1.

Identifying 2. Identifying 3.

DATE ______DATE the art public of Continued comes from the Greek word for of “love ., Socrates., was arrested and found guilty of The Greek Mind, Mind, Greek The Plato’s Ideas About Government Plato’s Wise philosopher kings should rule. Brave warriors should defend society. The common people should do all the work. •  •  • 

Plato was one Socrates’ of students. He wrote a book called Socrates wastrained as a sculptor but became a teacher of Socrates tried help to people find the knowledge inside dangerous. was thought Socrates Athens leadersSome in A group Philosophers of called the Sophists teachers were in

The RepublicThe . In it, he described his plan for the ideal society. Plato did Athenian not like democracy. He did not believe that everyone in society good could make decisions. His ideal government divided people into three groups. The top group was philosopher kings. Plato felt they wise were enough do to what was best for everyone rather than only what was best for themselves. teaching young people rebel. to He was sentenced death. to Socrates could left have Athens, but he refused. He said that he lived in Athens, so he had obey to the city’s laws. He drank poison carry to out his death sentence. philosophy. We know about We philosophy. him from his students’ writings. Socrates did not agree with the Sophists. He thought there was knowledge wrong. right and He absolute thought an was real all buried deep inside each person. themselves the through Socratic method meant This teaching. of he did not lecture his students. Socrates them asked questions. themselves. think for them to He wanted They said he encouraged people question to their leaders’ decisions. In 399 b.c speaking and formal argument.speaking formal and Sophists that the believe not did gods influenced everyday life. They did not believe in absolute, or definite, right and wrong. They thought that something wrong for one person could be right for another. ancient Greece. Sophists taught rhetoric, wisdom.” Greekwisdom.” thinkers known an philosophers created a new body knowledge of that later shaped the Western world. Greek Thinkers The word philosophy ______NAME 94 Lesson 2 Lesson here Foldable Glue Greek Civilization Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. Greek Civilization Greek

Lesson 2 NAME______6. Marking 5. Reading 4. Explaining past before Herodotus. before past explained the people way the Underline Athenian democracy? Why did Plato dislike Why? andclothing shelter? food, to provide work the all do would who society, Plato's ideal In the Text the Check The Greek Mind,

government, science,government, planets. and the on 200 works than more wrote Aristotle Aristotle. was student Academy. best the His called was It Athens. in aschool started Plato men. as jobs same the and education same have the should make foolish decisions. would and influenced were easily too people common the that shelter. and believed Plato clothing, food, to provide necessary were that society in jobs of the all did They else. everyone was group third The attack. against society the to defend was job science. of modern development the in step important an was him, around moderately. His or belief looking at in the world observation, live should people that idea the on focused teaching His United States government. of the founders the influenced ideas Aristotle's types. three of all of the people.majority by the rule or democracy, was third The afew people. by just rule oligarchy, was or second The aking. as such person, by one rule , was or first The types. three into governments divided to the next were true. were true. next to the passed frombelieved one generation and that legends the myths They history. write not did people of years, thousands For and ScienceNew History Ideas Wars. Though he believed that the gods affected historical events, events, historical affected gods the that believed he Though Wars. Continued In 355In b.c Unlike men at most that time, Plato believed that women Plato’s in group Their society. second ideal were the Warriors Aristotle also wrote about government in his book Politics book his in government about wrote also Aristotle Aristotle thought that the best government was a combination acombination was government best the that thought Aristotle Then, in 435 b.c 435 in Then,  3. 2. 1. ., Aristotle opened his own school called the Lyceum. the called school own his opened ., Aristotle

DATE ______monarchy—or rule by one person

democracy—rule by manydemocracy—rule people oligarchy—rule by afew people oligarchy—rule Government should be a combination ., Herodotus wrote the history of the Persian Persian of the history the wrote ., Herodotus of three different types: different of three About Government About Aristotle’s Ideas CLASS ______

. He . He 95 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. and

Label the History . Use both .. Label.. the . . Check Why is Herodotus called "the father of history?" Glue a two-tab Foldable behind a one-tab Foldable along tabs. the anchor Glue the Foldable the along booklet dotted line cover to the Check for Understanding. On the write New tab, anchor Ideas one-tab Foldable Philosophy. two tabs— Science sides the of tabs list to remember you what about Greek ideas that stillare used today. How Herodotus were and Thucydides different?

Contrasting CLASS ______CLASS 8. 9. 7. Reading

DATE ______DATE Continued The Greek Mind, Mind, Greek The Father Medicine of Father History of List one historian and one scientist and their ideas that Identify the father of history and the father of medicine.

In ancient times, most people thought that the gods controlled The first important Greek scientist was Thales Miletus. of He Another Greek scientist, Pythagoras, believed that all Hippocrateswas a physician who is called the "father of Hippocrateswrote a list rules of about how doctors should 4. 2. Check for Understanding Check 3. were different from the beliefs of earlier Greeks. 1. Both were ancient Greeks.

nature. However, the early Greeknature. However, scientists thought that people could discover the causesnatural of events observing, by investigating, thinking. and observing by theories and developed and discoveries made thinking. relationships in the world could be expressed in numbers. He is famous for developing the Pythagorean theorem. It is still used in geometry figure to out the length the of sides a triangle. of He believed thatmedicine." diseases came from natural causes. He made important discoveries about different kinds diseases. of He also developed his own treatments cure sick to people. treat their patients. The rules listed are in the Hippocratic Oath. It says doctors should do their best help to the patient. It says they should protect doctors the patient’s around the privacy. Today, world still promise honor to the Hippocratic Oath. he tried separate to fact from legend. He was the first do to he is called the “fathercareful research. Today, history.” of Thucydides world. another the famous He was ancient historian of did not believe that the gods affected human history. Thucydides triedwrite to everythingthe it way actually happened. ______NAME 96 Lesson 2 Lesson here Foldable Glue Greek Civilization Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. When did it happen? it did When Where in the world? Lesson 3 Civilization Greek

2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 2015 8, December Conversions: Font 2018 Proof - First 2011 3, Feb Date/Proof: x20p0 39p6 Size: Map C8_L3_wsresg_01A.ai Name: File Greece???? Title: Map Chapter 08 RESG -World) Past our (Discovering DOPW 3. 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING of aleader? characteristics the are What QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______360 b.c. 360 Macedonia of king becomes 359 History You in Here Are his goals? achieving in Alexander was successful How ruler? a as goals Alexander’s were What powerful? become Macedonia did Why b.c. b.c. Philip II II Philip Alexander’s Empire conquers Greece 338 b.c. b.c. Philip II II Philip Granicus at Persian defeats cavalry Alexander’s 334 340 b.c. 340 b.c. b.c. DATE ______

Issus Persians at defeats Alexander 333 his empire in lands the to all spread culture Greek when died Era Hellenistic cavalry Terms to Know b.c. b.c.

soldiers who fight while riding horses whosoldiers fight

• •  • 331 the time period after Alexander Alexander after period time the Persian Empire over takes Alexander of city builds Alexander Egypt conquers Alexander b.c. b.c. CLASS ______

into leads Alexander 327 • • 323 323 dies dies Alexander Babylon to returns Alexander b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. 320 b.c. 320

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Conclusions Check the Text How was Philip II able gainto control over most Greece? of How did Alexander fulfill father’s his dream? Circle the name the of person who warned the Greeks about army. Philip's Marking CLASS ______CLASS 2. Drawing 3. 1. Reading

DATE ______DATE . He had about Continued , the soldiers who rode horses, ., the., Macedonians crushed the Greeks at The Life of Life AlexanderThe the Great Alexander’s Empire, Empire, Alexander’s ., Philip., II became kingMacedonia. of He wanted to Age 16: Commander in his father's army BecameAge 20: ruler after Phillip II's death InvadedAge 22: Asia Minor ConqueredAge 25: Egypt ConqueredAge 26: the Persian Empire InvadedAge 29: India DiedAge in 32: Babylon • • • • • • •

In 359 b.cIn 359 The Greek city-states weak. were They had been divided by public great Athens’s lawyerDemosthenes of a one was and Alexander’s continued forces across Asia They freed Minor. Alexander invaded Asia Minor in 334 b.c Alexander Takes Over Takes Alexander Before Philip could conquer the Persian Empire, he was killed. His Alexander son Alexander was only took over. years20 old, but he had already been in battle many times. His father had put him in the Macedonian army when he was very young. By the age 16, of he was serving as a commander. the Battle Chaeronea. of Philip now controlled most Greece. of defeat the Persian Empire. First he had unite to the Greek city- states and put them under his rule. Philip built a strong army and fighttrained them to the Greeks. like the Philip Peloponnesian took control the of city-states War. one one. Heby defeated some in battle. He bribed some give to up. Others their choice. own by him joined the the freedom of He threatened warned thatspeakers. Philip Greeks. He urged all the city-states join to together fight to the Macedonians. By the time the Greeks listened Demosthenes, to it was In too late. 338 b.c Philip II of Macedonia Macedonia was a kingdom north Greece. of The people raised sheep and horses, and they farmed. For much its of history, Macedonia had not been a powerful country. ______NAME Greek city-statesGreek rule. Persian been under had that 40,000 soldiers. His cavalry His soldiers. 40,000 crushed the Persian army at the battle Granicus. of This area was located in what is today northwestern . 98 Lesson 3 Lesson Greek Civilization Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. Greek Civilization Greek

Lesson 3 NAME______6. Reading 5. Marking 4. Analyzing Alexander? to important soGuagamela of Battle the was Why desert. the crossed they experienced when soldiers his and hardships Alexander of kinds the Underline Persians? the against battles successful in their were so armies his and Alexander you think do Why Check Text the Alexander’s Empire,

Babylon. He was only 32 years old. 32 years only was He Babylon. in died He health. Alexander’s wrecked had battles the all and pain they that did. same thirst the to suffer willing was he that soldiers his showed He ground. the on water the poured Alexander ahelmet. in Alexander water, some to found gave it they soldiers When of soldiers. thousands killed water. thirst and Heat little very was There . home. them to lead of war, agreed grew tired Alexander so soldiers His battles. of bloody anumber fought They India. northwestern into Persian Empire. of the rest over the took army Alexander’s victory, this After River. Tigris the near Darius’sdefeated Guagamela, forces at He to . year, northeast that went Later Alexander world. ancient of the cities important most of the one became It himself. after it naming of Alexandria, city the built he There away. to run had III, Darius king, Persian The In 333 b.c Alexander arrived back in Babylon in 323 in b.c Babylon in back arrived Alexander modern is what in adesert crossed army the way there, the On 327 In b.c stop. not did Alexander Then Alexander went south. In 331 b.c 331 In south. went Alexander Then Continued Darius flees. Granicus. Asia Minor from Persian rule. rule. Persian from Minor Asia 334 334 331 331 331 331 333 334 Gaugamela. b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. . Alexander defeated the Persian army at Issus, in . Syria. in Issus, at army Persian the defeated . Alexander Alexander takes over Persian Empire. Darius’s forces smashes at army Alexander’s Alexander conquers Egypt. Alexander defeats Persian Army at Issus and and Issus at Army Persian defeats Alexander Alexander’s cavalry crushes Persian Army at at Army Persian crushes cavalry Alexander’s Alexander’s army frees Greek city-states in in city-states Greek frees army Alexander’s DATE ______

Defeating the Persian Empire the Defeating CLASS ______. he and his army marched . he conquered Egypt. Egypt. conquered . he . The journey and and journey . The 99 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. . and the

. Check What happened to empire Alexander’s after he died? Give two reasons why called was ." "Alexander Place a two-tab Foldable along the dotted line cover to the Check for Understanding. On the write tab, anchor theAlexander Great Label the top tab Military Leader bottom tab Hellenistic Era Use both sides the of tabs record what to about remember you the Great. Alexander

Explaining CLASS ______CLASS Reading Reading 8. 9. 7.

DATE ______DATE Continued by Homer. Homer. by means The the “like Greeks.” Alexander’s Empire, Empire, Alexander’s ., Alexandria., was the largest city in the

Name two legacies that Alexander left behind. List two things Alexander did to try to unify the Greeks When he died, Alexander was the most powerful was the in ruler Alexander died, When he A legacy is what a person other leaves to people when he or the the beginnings accomplishmentsAlexander's of were the the Macedonians, Greeks, wanted Alexander the After Alexander died, his generals fought with The each other. By 100 b.c 4. 2. Check for Understanding Check 3. 1. and Macedonians with the peoples they conquered.

Alexander’s Legacy Alexander’s is Alexander military brave and leader. great a was Alexander thought always have to tried his copy Achilles. to hero, Achilles was one the of warriors in the Iliad Mediterranean world. Its library had the largest number writings of in ancient times. The Hellenistic kings built many other cities, too. These cities needed many workers. The kings Greeks asked and Macedonians these to move to cities. These colonists helped spread the Greek culture into Egypt and as far east as India. ancient world. That is one reason call we himAlexander the Great. she dies. Alexander’s legacy was a world that knew about Greek culture. Wherever Alexander's army went, they spread the Greek art. ideas, and language, called is he why another is reason This the Great. Alexander Hellenistic Era. Hellenistic Egyptians, and the Persians unite to under a single empire. It did not happen. empire fell apart. It became four separate Hellenistic kingdoms: Macedonia, Pergamum, Egypt, and the . The kings often jobs gave Greeks to or Macedonians. It was one way controlto the government. Hellenistic Era is the time when Greek ideas spread non-Greek to had conquered.people the lands Alexander all in ______NAME 100 Lesson 3 Lesson Greek Civilization Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. When did it happen? it did When Lesson 4 Civilization Greek

complete the column. last lesson, this you study. After before you know what on based questions the answer column, first the In What do you know? 3. 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING live? people way change the How new do ideas QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______

300 b.c. 300 History You in Here Are dies playwright Menander the 291 How did Greece fall under Roman rule? Roman under fall Greece did How Era?Hellenistic the during spread culture Greek did How the Hellenistic Era? Hellenistic the andWhat discoveries ideas during emerged b.c. b.c. Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic Now... Epicurus dies Epicurus 270 b.c. b.c. Zeno dies 263 Romans? to the fall Greeks the did Why culture? Greek about you know do What b.c. b.c. Alexandria at library of director becomes 255 250 b.c. 250 b.c. b.c. DATE ______

and solids in three-dimensional space and solids in three-dimensional surfaces, lines, angles, of relationships the points, solid geometry level or flat are that figures of surfaces and lines, angles, shows of therelationships points, geometry plane measurement of that border circumference emotion not and reason use should people that Stoicism and peace happiness to find is life of purpose the that says Epicureanism Terms to Know

the philosophy of the Stoics, which says says which Stoics, the of philosophy the

the philosophy of Epicurus, which which Epicurus, of philosophy the

the outer border of a circle; the the acircle; of border outer the branch that of shows mathematics branch that of mathematics CLASS ______killed by Romans 212 b.c. b.c. Archimedes Later... 200 b.c. 200 101 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

Check Details How did Greek sculpture and drama during the change Hellenistic Era? How did the Hellenistic kings spread Greek culture? Examining CLASS ______CLASS Reading Reading 2. 1.

DATE ______DATE . It is about Jason, to around to 291 b.c. What He Wrote Continued

epic poem Argonautica short poems about nature and its beauty relationships and aboutplays love ordinaryof people Writers of the HellenisticWriters Era HellenisticCulture, Writer

Epicurus developed Epicureanism. developed philosophy taught This Epicurus The Hellenistickings built new cities and rebuilt old ones. They Writers wrote drama, poetry, and histories at this time, but Athens in Writers drama. Greek of still was theAthens center Appolonius of Appolonius of Theocritus Menander means good of a love food or comfortable Epicurus, things. To happiness spending meant time with worrying. friends not and people that epicurean happiness should be the goal life. of Today, Thinkers and Scientists During this time, the most famousphilosophers still went to Athens. The two most important Hellenistic philosophers were Epicurus and Zeno. brought in Greek architects design to the new baths, temples, and theaters in the Greek style. The kings and other rich citizens hired Greek sculptors statues. make to Hellenistic sculptors developed new styles. They did not carve ideal versions the of perfect human They showedbody. people more realistically. showedThey even people being angry or sad. most this of writing has been lost or destroyed. Appolonius of Rhodes wrote an epic poem called Argonautica invented a new kind The playscomedy. of about were and love relationships ordinary of people. Menander was the best-known of these new playwrights. He lived from 343b.c. Hellenistic Arts Hellenistic During the Hellenistic Era, scientists, writers, philosophers, and poets themoved to new Greek cities in Egypt and Southwest Asia. Many came library. use to Alexandria’s It had more than 500,000 scrolls. Alexandria alsohad a museum that brought people study to and do research. and theirhis crew, adventures sailing the seas. Another poet, Theocritus, wrote short poems about nature and its beauty. ______NAME 102 Lesson 4 Greek Civilization Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. Greek Civilization Greek

Lesson 4 NAME______5. Drawing 4. Applying 3. Defining lasting? long- were so culture of Hellenistic effects the you think do Why geometry? solid or geometry you use plane a basketball, would in is air much how out to figure you wanted If Stoicism is What Conclusions Hellenistic Culture, Hellenistic ? used to measure how much space a circle covers. Its symbol is π. is symbol Its covers. acircle space much how to measure used of pi value the out figured He shapes]. [tube-like cylinders of shapes] spheres [ball-like study concerned the and with solid geometry on worked He Era. the actual distance. actual the that Eratosthenes made was 185 miles only (298 kilometers) off circumference the measured also He round. was Earth that out figured He he was wrong. thought astronomers Other . the around went Earth that and universe of the center the at was sun the that said Aristarchus atmosphere. Earth's the outside objects other and planets, stars, study Astronomers astronomer. and made discoveries.experiments was an Aristarchus performed they but instruments, simple only had time community. to the duty their did they when were happy people that believed also Stoics sadness. by joy or affected to be seem not do they if a stoic Today problems. someone we call caused sadness, or like anger Emotions, reason. and logic following from came happiness that with how points, lines, angles, and surfaces work together. work surfaces and angles, lines, points, how with teaches Archimedes Euclid Eratosthenes Aristarchus

Archimedes was the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Hellenistic of the scientist famous most the was Archimedes Stoicism. Stoicism. Zeno developed named A thinker Euclid was a mathematician who wrote Elements wrote who amathematician was Euclid of Alexandria’s charge library. in ascientist was Eratosthenes of that Scientists Era. Hellenistic the during flourished Science Continued Scientist Greek Greek plane geometry DATE ______

of Earth, or how big around it was. The estimate estimate The was. it around big how or of Earth, Inventor Mathematician; Mathematician Alexandria at of library charge in Scientist; Astronomer Occupation —a branch of mathematics concerned of branch mathematics —a —the branch of mathematics of branch mathematics —the CLASS ______the catapult the of pi value the out figured geometry; solid on worked geometry plane Elements book, the wrote of Earth circumference measured the round; was Earth around sun the went Earth universe; the of center the at was sun Discoveries Stoics believed believed Stoics , which teaches , which . The book book . The ; invented ; invented , which is is , which 103 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

. . Label

Check Check How did the Greek city-states react to growing Rome’s power? Place a two-tab Foldable the cover to Check for Understanding. On the write tab, anchor Hellenistic Era the top tab Thinkers and Writers and the bottom tab Scientists and Mathematicians Use both sides the of tabs list to what you about know each. How were and Epicureanism Stoicism similar? How different? they were

Reading Reading CLASS ______CLASS Reading 7. 8. 6. , b.c.

DATE ______DATE Continued Hellenistic Culture, the Romans attacked Syracuse. The catapults worked

People from Greece to cities moved in the Hellenistic List two made in math discoveries and astronomy during Rome was a city-state in central In . the late 200s Hellenistic thinking and culture hadlong-lasting effects. More Archimedes He invented was the also an catapult, inventor. a 4. 2. Check for Understanding Check 3. kingdoms. List two jobs they did there. 1. the Hellenistic Era that are still important to us today.

The four kingdoms that formed from Alexander’s empireoften fought wars against Some each Greek other. city-states became independent, but they did strong not have armies. not They were free for very long. Greece and Rome Rome conquered all The Italy. of Greeks tried stop to They Rome. supported enemies in wars. Rome’s The Romans won all those wars, the Greek mainland. of though. control gained Soon, Rome ______NAME than years 700 after the Hellenistic Era, the mathematician Hypatia lived in Alexandria. the Like earlier Greeks, she studied philosophy and mathematics. She believed in the use reason of superstition. of instead so well that it took theRomans three years capture to Syracuse. the inside city got Finally the Romans massacred walls. They most the people, Archimedes. including of war machine that hurled rocks, arrows, and spears at the enemy. that spears hurled and rocks, machine arrows, war the enemy. at In b.c. 212 104 Lesson 4 Lesson here Foldable Glue Greek Civilization