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7 Wonders of the World Seven Wonders LEVELED BOOK • U You Can Visit A Reading A–Z Level U Leveled Book Seven Wonders Word Count: 1,514 You Can Visit Written by David Dreier Visit www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. Photo Credits: Front cover: © Dngood/Dreamstime.com; back cover: © REUTERS/Krishnendu Halder/ Landov; pages 3, 22 (inset): © Dan Breckwoldt/Dreamstime.com; page 4: Seven Wonders © Mirek Hejnicki/Dreamstime.com; page 6 (top): © Witold Skrypczak/ Lonely Planet Images; pages 6 (bottom), 16, 17: © Sean Caffrey/Lonely Planet Images; page 7: © Richard Nowitz/National Geographic Stock; page 8: © Mike Theiss/ Ultimate Chase/Corbis; page 9 (main): © Steven Francis/Alamy; page 9 (inset): © REUTERS/Gregg Newton; page 10: © Mildred Dearborn/Canadian Press/AP Images; You Can Visit page 11: © Lori Epstein/National Geographic Stock; page 12: © Riccardo De Luca/ AP Images; page 13: © De Agostini Editore Picture Library/Photolibrary; page 14: © Li Shaobai/Imaginechina/AP Images; page 15: © Tim Makins/Lonely Planet Images; page 18: © Tim Barker/Lonely Planet Images; page 19: © Christopher Groenhout/ Lonely Planet Images; page 20: © PCL/Alamy; page 21: © John Banagan/ Lonely Planet Images; page 22 (top): © Unamused/Dreamstime.com; page 22 (center): © Xinhua Press/Corbis; page 22 (bottom): © iStockphoto.com/Luciano Mortula; page 23 (top): © iStockphoto.com/John Woodworth; page 23 (bottom and inset): © Mike Theiss/National Geographic Stock Asia Front cover: The Inca city of Machu Picchu sits high on a mountaintop in the Andes Europe Mountains of Peru. Only 2,500 people are allowed to visit each day. North America Italy 4 5 Back cover: Girls cheer for the Taj Mahal. Over 100 million people voted for their 7 favorite Wonders of the World. Jordan China Atlantic Ocean 3 Mexico 1 India Africa 6 Brazil Indian Ocean Peru South America2 New Seven Wonders Pacific 1 The Pyramid at Chichen Itza Ocean 2 Christ the Redeemer Statue 3 The Taj Mahal 4 The Roman Colosseum 5 The Great Wall of China 6 Machu Picchu 7 Petra Seven Wonders You Can Visit Level U Leveled Book Correlation Written by David Dreier © Learning A–Z LEVEL U Written by David Dreier Fountas & Pinnell Q All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 40 www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com DRA 40 Introduction Writers in ancient Greece loved to describe their world. They especially enjoyed making lists of the great “wonders” they saw or heard about. As more people traveled, the list kept changing, but eventually a final list of significant sites emerged. The sites became known as the Seven Great Wonders of the World. These remarkable structures were built from about 2500 BC to 290 BC. Today, we The three Great Pyramids of Giza were built alongside the Nile River would call these unusual places “must-sees.” over a period of eighty years. The largest one used 2.3 million blocks of stone. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 1 The Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt (2500 BC) Table of Contents 2 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Iraq (580 BC) Introduction .............................................................. 4 3 The Temple of the Greek goddess Artemis at Ephesus, in what is now Turkey (550 BC) New Wonders to Explore ........................................ 5 4 The Statue of the Greek god Zeus at Olympia, Greece (432 BC) The Pyramid at Chichen Itza .................................. 6 5 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, an elaborate tomb in what is now Turkey (354 BC) Christ the Redeemer Statue .................................... 8 6 The Colossus of Rhodes, a huge statue of the sun god Helios on the Greek island The Taj Mahal .......................................................... 10 of Rhodes (290 BC) 7 Alexandria BC The Roman Colosseum ......................................... 12 The Lighthouse of , Egypt (300 ) The Great Wall of China ........................................ 14 Of the original seven wonders, only the Machu Picchu ......................................................... 16 Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt still stand today. Petra ......................................................................... 18 However, modern archaeologists continue to excavate and restore the site of the city of Babylon— Conclusion .............................................................. 20 and may someday verify the location of the ancient Glossary ................................................................... 24 Hanging Gardens. Seven Wonders You Can Visit • Level U 3 4 Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Black Sea Turkey Greece 3 Mediterranean Sea 5 4 6 2 Rhodes Iraq El Castillo is the main pyramid structure at Chichen Itza. The jaguar head on the left is a recurring theme of Mayan art and architecture. 7 1 The Pyramid at Chichen Itza Egypt Red Sea Chichen Itza (chee-CHEN-eet-SAH) was once a great religious center in Mexico. It was founded by a group of Maya New Wonders to Explore called the Itza in about AD 600. Following the idea of those ancient list makers, The Itza lived there until about this book will take a look at the Seven New 1200. The name Chichen Itza Wonders of the World. These new wonders were means “mouth of the well built in more recent times, and all of them can be of the Itza.” Chichen Itza was visited today. about four square miles in size and had several temples, The New Wonders list was created from votes an observatory, a large public cast by more than 100 million people. You may market, a sacred ball court, The goal hoop at the think of other sites you would add to the list, but and large areas for public 545-foot-long sacred these seven received the most votes. events and worship. ball court Seven Wonders You Can Visit • Level U 5 6 From its mountaintop location the statue of Christ the Redeemer looks down on the sprawling Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. Christ the Redeemer Statue High on a mountain above Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, stands a tall, robed figure with its arms El Caracol, the observatory at Chichen Itza, helped the Maya with outstretched—the statue of Christ the Redeemer. their intense interest in tracking the position of the Sun in the sky. Finished in 1931, it is the largest art deco–style statue in the world. It is the newest of the Seven The most famous structure at the site is a large New Wonders of the World. pyramid, which the Spanish invaders named El Castillo (the castle). The four-sided pyramid is The statue stands atop the 710-meter (2,330 ft) about 24 meters (79 ft) high and 58 meters (190 ft) tall Corcovado Mountain overlooking the city wide at its base. It was built on top of a smaller, of Rio de Janeiro. It can be seen from almost older temple that contained a statue of the god anywhere in the city. The statue, including its base, Chac Mool and a red jaguar figure decorated with towers 38 meters (125 ft) above the mountaintop. jade. Archaeologists say the Maya designed the Over time, wind and rain damaged its surface. pyramid as a type of calendar. The pyramid has a In 2010, a $4 million project returned the statue to total of 365 steps—one for each day of the year. perfect condition. Seven Wonders You Can Visit • Level U 7 8 During the six-month repair of its The serene setting of the gleaming Taj Mahal combines gardens, soft stone pools, and fountains. Throughout the day, its white marble surface surface, the changes from pale gold to white to pink. entire statue was covered in scaffolding. The Taj Mahal The citizens of Rio watched The Taj Mahal in Agra, India, ranks among the process the world’s most beautiful and famous buildings. closely. It’s often called a “monument to love.” The gleaming white Taj Mahal is, in fact, a mausoleum The extended arms and gentle expression of the statue’s face are for tombs. It was built in the 1600s by the Mogul meant to stand as a symbol of peace and welcome. The statue is lit emperor Shah Jahan. The Moguls (or Mughals) at night and glows brightly above the city. were Muslim invaders who ruled most of India in the 1500s and 1600s. Visitors can ride to the top of Corcovado Mountain in a small electric train. The train was Shah Jahan ordered the design of the Taj Mahal originally built to carry the building supplies in 1631 to hold the tomb of a beloved wife. She for the statue. From the mountaintop, there is a had died that year in childbirth. It took until 1648 sweeping, 360-degree view of Rio de Janeiro, the to finish the building. Her name, Mumtaz Mahal, mountains and forests, the city’s famous beaches, means “Chosen One of the Palace” and Taj Mahal and the bay. means “Crown Palace.” Seven Wonders You Can Visit • Level U 9 10 Repairing the fragile walls and grounds of the Roman Colosseum Delicate cut marble, inlaid mosaic is expected to take 2.5 years and cost approximately 34 million tiles, and graceful arches complement dollars (25m euros). the design of the Taj Mahal. The Roman Colosseum The Taj Mahal is made The Colosseum in Rome, Italy, is one of the of white marble that glows most famous landmarks of the ancient world. It pale pink in the sunset. The Craftsmen used cut pieces was built almost 2,000 years ago at the height of building’s design combines Persian, of colorful stones such as the Roman Empire’s power. Central Asian, lapis lazuli, garnet, carnelian, and agate. and Islamic styles. At least 50,000 people could be seated inside the arena to watch athletic events, circus acts, The Taj Mahal is topped by a large dome and races, and many bloody contests. The Colosseum has four slender towers called minarets. It sits is best known for fights to the death between within a vast garden and has a long narrow trained fighters called gladiators.
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