The Short History of Science
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Summary As Preparation for the Final Exam
UUnnddeerrsstatannddiinngg ththee UUnniivveerrssee Summary Lecture Volker Beckmann Joint Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County & NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division UMBC, December 12, 2006 OOvveerrvviieeww ● What did we learn? ● Dark night sky ● distances in the Universe ● Hubble relation ● Curved space ● Newton vs. Einstein : General Relativity ● metrics solving the EFE: Minkowski and Robertson-Walker metric ● Solving the Einstein Field Equation for an expanding/contracting Universe: the Friedmann equation Graphic: ESA / V. Beckmann OOvveerrvviieeww ● Friedmann equation ● Fluid equation ● Acceleration equation ● Equation of state ● Evolution in a single/multiple component Universe ● Cosmic microwave background ● Nucleosynthesis ● Inflation Graphic: ESA / V. Beckmann Graphic by Michael C. Wang (UCSD) The velocity- distance relation for galaxies found by Edwin Hubble. Graphic: Edwin Hubble (1929) Expansion in a steady state Universe Expansion in a non-steady-state Universe The effect of curvature The equivalent principle: You cannot distinguish whether you are in an accelerated system or in a gravitational field NNeewwtotonn vvss.. EEiinnssteteiinn Newton: - mass tells gravity how to exert a force, force tells mass how to accelerate (F = m a) Einstein: - mass-energy (E=mc²) tells space time how to curve, curved space-time tells mass-energy how to move (John Wheeler) The effect of curvature A glimpse at EinsteinThe effect’s field of equationcurvature Left side (describes the action -
Laboratory Manual Physics 166, 167, 168, 169
Laboratory Manual Physics 166, 167, 168, 169 Lab manual, part 2 For PHY 167 and 169 students Department of Physics and Astronomy HERBERT LEHMAN COLLEGE Spring 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Writing a laboratory report ............................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction: Measurement and uncertainty ................................................................................................. 3 Introduction: Units and conversions ............................................................................................................ 11 Experiment 1: Density .................................................................................................................................... 12 Experiment 2: Acceleration of a Freely Falling Object .............................................................................. 17 Experiment 3: Static Equilibrium .................................................................................................................. 22 Experiment 4: Newton’s Second Law .......................................................................................................... 27 Experiment 5: Conservation Laws in Collisions ......................................................................................... 33 Experiment 6: The Ballistic Pendulum ......................................................................................................... 41 Experiment 7: Rotational Equilibrium ........................................................................................................ -
GEORG OHM - Ω Physicist and Mathematician
GEORG OHM - Ω Physicist and Mathematician The start Georg Simon Ohm was born on 16th of March 1789 in Erlangen in Germany and died on 6th of July 1854 in Munich, Germany. He was born into a Protestant family and was the son of Johann Wolfgang Ohm and Maria Elizabeth Beck. The family had seven children, but only three survived: Georg, his younger brother Martin and his sister Elizabeth Barbara. His mother died when Georg was only 10 years old. Education Georg and Martin were taught by their father who brought them to a high standard in mathematics, physics, chemistry and philosophy. Georg Simon attended Erlangen Gymnasium from age eleven to fifteen where he hardly received any scientific education. After the Gymnasium, he was sent to Switzerland as his father was concerned that his son was wasting his educational opportunity. In September 1806 Ohm accepted a position as a mathematics teacher in a school in Gottstadt. Ohm restarted his mathematical studies, left his teaching post in March 1809 and became a private tutor in Neuchâtel. For two years he carried out his duties as a tutor while he followed private studies of mathematics. Then in April 1811 he returned to the University of Erlangen. Teaching Ohm received his doctorate from the University of Erlangen on October 25, 1811. He immediately joined the faculty there as a lecturer in mathematics but left after three semesters because of unpromising prospects. He could not survive on his salary as a lecturer. He had a few more teaching jobs after that and unhappy with his job, Georg began writing an elementary textbook on geometry as a way to prove his abilities. -
On the Date of the Trial of Anaxagoras
The Classical Quarterly http://journals.cambridge.org/CAQ Additional services for The Classical Quarterly: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here On the Date of the Trial of Anaxagoras A. E. Taylor The Classical Quarterly / Volume 11 / Issue 02 / April 1917, pp 81 - 87 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838800013094, Published online: 11 February 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009838800013094 How to cite this article: A. E. Taylor (1917). On the Date of the Trial of Anaxagoras. The Classical Quarterly, 11, pp 81-87 doi:10.1017/S0009838800013094 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAQ, IP address: 128.122.253.212 on 28 Apr 2015 ON THE DATE OF THE TRIAL OF ANAXAGORAS. IT is a point of some interest to the historian of the social and intellectual development of Athens to determine, if possible, the exact dates between which the philosopher Anaxagoras made that city his home. As everyone knows, the tradition of the third and later centuries was not uniform. The dates from which the Alexandrian chronologists had to arrive at their results may be conveniently summed up under three headings, (a) date of Anaxagoras' arrival at Athens, (6) date of his prosecution and escape to Lampsacus, (c) length of his residence at Athens, (a) The received account (Diogenes Laertius ii. 7),1 was that Anaxagoras was twenty years old at the date of the invasion of Xerxes and lived to be seventy-two. This was apparently why Apollodorus (ib.) placed his birth in Olympiad 70 and his death in Ol. -
Pedigree Chart for Wayne Calvert Metheny
Pedigree Chart for Wayne Calvert Metheny Parents Grandparents Great-Grandparents Samuel B Matheny b: 22 Mar 1830 in Licking, 2 Ohio, USA Jonathan Calvert Metheney m: 29 Mar 1849 in Illinois b: 14 Nov 1860 in Jasper, d: 06 Oct 1891 in Jasper, Illinois, USA Illinois, USA m: 19 Jun 1883 d: 04 Apr 1943 in Rockford, Sarah A Sovern Illinois, USA b: 08 Feb 1832 in Indiana, USA 3 d: 29 Mar 1900 in Jasper, Charles C Metheny Illinois, USA b: 24 Oct 1906 in Jasper, Illinois, USA m: 08 Aug 1929 in Rockford, Illinois, USA William Holliday Newlin d: 19 Oct 1993 in Rogersville, b: 06 Mar 1818 in Sullivan, 4 Missouri, USA Indiana, USA Rachel Newlin m: 09 Jun 1842 in Crawford, b: 12 May 1866 in Illinois, USA Illinois, USA d: 11 May 1924 in Jasper, d: Sep 1892 Illinois, USA Esther Metheny b: 18 May 1823 in Crawford, 5 Illinois, USA d: 09 May 1928 in Decatur, Macon, Illinois, USA Wayne Calvert Metheny b: m: John W Guffey d: b: 18 Aug 1862 in Wayne, 6 Kentucky, USA Xenophon Blaine Guffey m: b: 17 Sep 1888 in Wayne, d: 06 Jun 1931 in Clinton, Kentucky, USA Kentucky m: 08 Sep 1909 in Alpha, Kentucky, USA Winnifred Shelton d: 24 Apr 1971 in Rockford, b: 02 May 1866 in Wayne, 7 Illinois, USA Kentucky, USA Beulah Mae Guffey d: 18 Oct 1946 b: 05 Jul 1910 d: 15 Dec 2006 in Rogersville, Webster, Missouri, United States of America Ephraim McCullom Guffey b: 15 Aug 1841 in Clinton, Kentu… 8 m: 31 Mar 1866 in Clinton, Kent… Pearl Jane Guffey d: 03 May 1923 in Clinton, Kent… b: 13 Jun 1891 in Clinton, Kentucky, USA d: 12 Feb 1923 Martha Jane Williams b: 12 Feb 1842 -
Abstract Generalized Natural Inflation and The
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: GENERALIZED NATURAL INFLATION AND THE QUEST FOR COSMIC SYMMETRY BREAKING PATTERS Simon Riquelme Doctor of Philosophy, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor Zackaria Chacko Department of Physics We present a two-field model that generalizes Natural Inflation, in which the inflaton is the pseudo-Goldstone boson of an approximate symmetry that is spon- taneously broken, and the radial mode is dynamical. Within this model, which we designate as \Generalized Natural Inflation”, we analyze how the dynamics fundamentally depends on the mass of the radial mode and determine the size of the non-Gaussianities arising from such a scenario. We also motivate ongoing research within the coset construction formalism, that aims to clarify how the spontaneous symmetry breaking pattern of spacetime, gauge, and internal symmetries may allow us to get a deeper understanding, and an actual algebraic classification in the spirit of the so-called \zoology of con- densed matter", of different possible \cosmic states", some of which may be quite relevant for model-independent statements about different phases in the evolution of our universe. The outcome of these investigations will be reported elsewhere. GENERALIZED NATURAL INFLATION AND THE QUEST FOR COSMIC SYMMETRY BREAKING PATTERNS by Simon Riquelme Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 Advisory Committee: Professor Zackaria Chacko, Chair/Advisor Professor Richard Wentworth, Dean's Representative Professor Theodore Jacobson Professor Rabinda Mohapatra Professor Raman Sundrum A mis padres, Kattya y Luis. ii Acknowledgments It is a pleasure to acknowledge my adviser, Dr. -
Ancient Cyprus: Island of Conflict?
Ancient Cyprus: Island of Conflict? Maria Natasha Ioannou Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy Discipline of Classics School of Humanities The University of Adelaide December 2012 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................ III Declaration........................................................................................................... IV Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. V Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1. Overview .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Background and Context ................................................................................. 1 3. Thesis Aims ..................................................................................................... 3 4. Thesis Summary .............................................................................................. 4 5. Literature Review ............................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Cyprus Considered .......................................................................... 14 1.1 Cyprus’ Internal Dynamics ........................................................................... 15 1.2 Cyprus, Phoenicia and Egypt ..................................................................... -
When Did It Happen? Where in the World?
NAME _________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS _______ Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know myth a traditional story that explains a culture’s What makes a culture unique? beliefs or part of the natural world ritual words or actions that are part of a religious GUIDING QUESTIONS ceremony 1. How did the ancient Greeks honor their gods? oracle a priestess who speaks for the gods and answers questions about what will happen in the 2. Why were epics and fables important to the future ancient Greeks? fable a story that teaches a lesson 3. How did Greek dramas develop? oral tradition the custom of passing stories from 4. What ideas did the Greeks express in their art one generation to the next by telling the stories and architecture? out loud drama a story that is told by the actions and spoken words of actors tragedy a drama in which characters struggle to overcome problems, but fail comedy a drama that tells a humorous story Where in the world? Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. DOPW (Discovering our Past - World) RESG WhenChapter 08 did it happen? Map Title: Greece File Name: C8_L1_wsresg_01A.ai Map700 Size: 39p6 b.c. x 20p0 600 b.c. 500 b.c. Date/Proof: Feb 3, 2011 - First Proof 2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 c. 700s b.c. Homer You Are Here in c. 550 b.c. Aesop’s c. 500s b.c. Greek creates the Iliad and the History fables are written architects begin Odyssey using marble columns 89 NAME _________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS _______ Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture, Continued Greek Beliefs The Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses, and they told Marking myths about them. -
Kratylos ; Parmenides Gratis Epub, Ebook
PLATOON VERZAMELD WERK 7: KRATYLOS ; PARMENIDES GRATIS Auteur: Plato Aantal pagina's: 222 pagina's Verschijningsdatum: none Uitgever: none EAN: 9789060304280 Taal: nl Link: Download hier PLATOON VERZAMELD WERK. Plato - Politeia Oxford: Clarendon Press, Edited by John Burnet. Red cloth with gilt titles to spine. Slightly bumped to top of spine. Somewhat rubbed to edges. Heavily annotated to a small number of pages. George Bell and Sons, The Doubtful Works literally translated by George Burges. Rubbed and bumped. Minor marks to dark blue cloth. Text is clean. Edinburgh: Sphere, Edited by R. Hare and D. Pencil note to prelim. Pages are lightly tanned. Rubbed to edges. Good copy.. London, William Heinemann. Used - Good. VG hardback in VG dust jacket. Plaats een gratis advertentie bij www. Wilt u op de hoogte blijven van deze zoekopdracht? Registreer nu! U ontvangt een bericht als er een verandering wordt geconstateerd. Uitgebreid zoeken. Afbeelding: Alleen tonen met afbeelding. Van: Afgelopen week. Zoeken Meer opties Reset filters. Niet gevonden wat u zocht? Sla laatste zoekopdracht op. Alle rechten voorbehouden. Switch language Algemene voorwaarden Privacy en cookies Contact. Platoon: Politeia [Platoon Verzameld Werk 10] wat is rechtvaardigheid? Boekhandel Shambala. Sofist; Staatsman Platoon Verzameld werk 8 meer info. Charmides - Lysis - Laches - Menoon - Hippias. Vertaald uit het Grieks meer info. Dick Zandbergen. Xenophoon - Phaidros - Symposion. Kratylos Parmenides Platoon Verzameld werk 7 meer info. Xenophoon - Phaidros Symposion Platoon Verzameld werk 1 meer info. Het commentaar is opgedragen aan en gericht tot Lorenzo de' Medici, die Ficino's pupil is geweest. Marcilio Ficino is de eerste geweest die het volledige werk van Platoon in een Latijnse vertaling weer toegankelijk heeft gemaakt voor de Westerse denkwereld. -
EDUCATION in LANCASHIRE and CHESHIRE, 1640-1660 Read 18
EDUCATION IN LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE, 1640-1660 BY C. D. ROGERS, M.A., M.ED. Read 18 November 1971 HE extraordinary decades of the Civil War and Interregnum, Twhen many political, religious, and economic assumptions were questioned, have been seen until recently as probably the greatest period of educational innovation in English history. Most modern writers have accepted the traditional picture of puritan attitudes and ideas, disseminated in numerous published works, nurtured by a sympathetic government, developing into an embryonic state system of education, a picture given added colour with details of governmental and private grants to schools.1 In 1967, however, J. E. Stephens, in an article in the British Journal of Educational Studies, suggested that detailed investigations into the county of York for the period 1640 to 1660 produced a far less admirable view of the general health of educational institutions, and concluded that 'if the success of the state's policy towards education is measured in terms of extension and reform, it must be found wanting'.2 The purpose of this present paper is twofold: to examine the same source material used by Stephens, to see whether a similar picture emerges for Lancashire and Cheshire; and to consider additional evidence to modify or support his main conclusions. On one matter there is unanimity. The release of the puritan press in the 1640s made possible a flood of books and pamphlets not about education in vacuo, but about society in general, and the role of the teacher within it. The authors of the idealistic Nova Solyma and Oceana did not regard education as a separate entity, but as a fundamental part of their Utopian structures. -
Dossier Pierre Duhem Pierre Duhem's Philosophy and History of Science
Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science , 2 (201 7) 03 -06 ISSN 2526 -2270 www.historiographyofscience.org © The Author s 201 7 — This is an open access article Dossier Pierre Duhem Pierre Duhem’s Philos ophy and History of Science Introduction Fábio Rodrigo Leite 1 Jean-François Stoffel 2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2017.i2.02 _____________________________________________________________________________ We are pleased to present in this issue a tribute to the thought of Pierre Duhem, on the occasion of the centenary of his death that occurred in 2016. Among articles and book reviews, the dossier contains 14 contributions of scholars from different places across the world, from Europe (Belgium, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Sweden) to the Americas (Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States). And this is something that attests to the increasing scope of influence exerted by the French physicist, philosopher and 3 historian. It is quite true that since his passing, Duhem has been remembered in the writings of many of those who knew him directly. However, with very few exceptions (Manville et al. 1927), the comments devoted to him exhibited clear biographical and hagiographic characteristics of a generalist nature (see Jordan 1917; Picard 1921; Mentré 1922a; 1922b; Humbert 1932; Pierre-Duhem 1936; Ocagne et al. 1937). From the 1950s onwards, when the studies on his philosophical work resumed, the thought of the Professor from Bordeaux acquired an irrevocable importance, so that references to La théorie physique: Son objet et sa structure became a common place in the literature of the area. As we know, this recovery was a consequence of the prominence attributed, firstly, to the notorious Duhem-Quine thesis in the English- speaking world, and secondly to the sparse and biased comments made by Popper that generated an avalanche of revaluations of the Popperian “instrumentalist interpretation”. -
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F.