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First Record of the Genus Ilyomyces for North America, Parasitizing Stenus Clavicornis
Bulletin of Insectology 66 (2): 269-272, 2013 ISSN 1721-8861 First record of the genus Ilyomyces for North America, parasitizing Stenus clavicornis Danny HAELEWATERS Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Abstract The ectoparasitic fungus Ilyomyces cf. mairei (Ascomycota Laboulbeniales) is reported for the first time outside Europe on the rove beetle Stenus clavicornis (Coleoptera Staphylinidae). This record is the first for the genus Ilyomyces in North America. De- scription, illustrations, and discussion in relation to the different species in the genus are given. Key words: ectoparasites, François Picard, Ilyomyces, rove beetles, Stenus. Introduction 1939) described Acallomyces lavagnei F. Picard (Picard, 1913), which he later reassigned to a new genus Ilyomy- Fungal diversity is under-documented, with diversity ces while adding a second species, Ilyomyces mairei F. estimates often based only on relationships with plants. Picard (Picard, 1917). For a long time both species were Meanwhile, the estimated number of fungi associated only known from France, until Santamaría (1992) re- with insects ranges from 10,000 to 50,000, most of ported I. mairei from Spain. Weir (1995) added two which still need be described from the unexplored moist more species to the genus: Ilyomyces dianoi A. Weir and tropical regions (Weir and Hammond, 1997). Despite Ilyomyces victoriae A. Weir, parasitic on Steninae from the biological and ecological importance the relation- Sulawesi, Indonesia. This paper presents the first record ship might have for studies of co-evolution of host and of Ilyomyces for the New World. parasite and in applications in biological control, insect- parasites have received little attention, unfortunately. -
Checklist of Argentine Agaricales 4
Checklist of the Argentine Agaricales 4. Tricholomataceae and Polyporaceae 1 2* N. NIVEIRO & E. ALBERTÓ 1Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET). Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209 Corrientes Capital, CP 3400, Argentina 2Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (UNSAM-CONICET) Intendente Marino Km 8.200, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, CP 7130, Argentina CORRESPONDENCE TO *: [email protected] ABSTRACT— A species checklist of 86 genera and 709 species belonging to the families Tricholomataceae and Polyporaceae occurring in Argentina, and including all the species previously published up to year 2011 is presented. KEY WORDS—Agaricomycetes, Marasmius, Mycena, Collybia, Clitocybe Introduction The aim of the Checklist of the Argentinean Agaricales is to establish a baseline of knowledge on the diversity of mushrooms species described in the literature from Argentina up to 2011. The families Amanitaceae, Pluteaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Coprinaceae, Strophariaceae, Bolbitaceae and Crepidotaceae were previoulsy compiled (Niveiro & Albertó 2012a-c). In this contribution, the families Tricholomataceae and Polyporaceae are presented. Materials & Methods Nomenclature and classification systems This checklist compiled data from the available literature on Tricholomataceae and Polyporaceae recorded for Argentina up to the year 2011. Nomenclature and classification systems followed Singer (1986) for families. The genera Pleurotus, Panus, Lentinus, and Schyzophyllum are included in the family Polyporaceae. The Tribe Polyporae (including the genera Polyporus, Pseudofavolus, and Mycobonia) is excluded. There were important rearrangements in the families Tricholomataceae and Polyporaceae according to Singer (1986) over time to present. Tricholomataceae was distributed in six families: Tricholomataceae, Marasmiaceae, Physalacriaceae, Lyophyllaceae, Mycenaceae, and Hydnaginaceae. Some genera belonging to this family were transferred to other orders, i.e. Rickenella (Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales), and Lentinellus (Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales). -
Plectological and Molecular Identification Of
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 67‒77, 2020 (June) © 2020 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists PLECTOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT WILD RUSSULALES MUSHROOMS FROM PAKISTAN AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL AGAINST FOOD PATHOGENIC FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS NIGER 1 SAMINA SARWAR*, TANZEELA AZIZ, MUHAMMAD HANIF , SOBIA ILYAS, 2 3 MALKA SABA , SANA KHALID AND MUHAMMAD FIAZ Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan Keywords: Aseptate; Biocontrol; Macrofungi; Micromycetes; Mycochemicals. Abstract Present study deals with the plectological and molecular analysis as well as use of economically important wild Russuloid mushrooms against food pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger. Three different species of mushrooms viz., Russla laeta, R. nobilis, and R. nigricans were collected and identified from Himalayan range of Pakistan and are found as new records for this country. Major objective of this study was to highlight the importance of these wild creatures as antifungal agents against A. niger. For this purpose methanolic extract of selected mushrooms of different concentration levels viz., 1, 1.5, 2 and 3% were used. This activity is also first time reported from Pakistan by using this group of mushrooms. Results showed that all tested mushrooms exhibit growth inhibition of A. niger and can be used as biocontrol agents. R. nigricans showed maximum inhibition of fungus growth that is 62% at 3% concentrations while minimum inhibition was observed in R. nobilis at same concentration that is 43.6%. Introduction Many people in Pakistan depend on agriculture but various crops are contaminated by phytopathogenic fungi (i.e., Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium) during pre and post-harvesting processes. -
Major Clades of Agaricales: a Multilocus Phylogenetic Overview
Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 982–995. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview P. Brandon Matheny1 Duur K. Aanen Judd M. Curtis Laboratory of Genetics, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD, Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Wageningen, The Netherlands Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610 Matthew DeNitis Vale´rie Hofstetter 127 Harrington Way, Worcester, Massachusetts 01604 Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Graciela M. Daniele Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı´a Vegetal, M. Catherine Aime CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Co´rdoba, Casilla USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology de Correo 495, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina Laboratory, Room 304, Building 011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350 Dennis E. Desjardin Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Jean-Marc Moncalvo San Francisco, California 94132 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum and Department of Botany, University Bradley R. Kropp of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6 Canada Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 Zai-Wei Ge Zhu-Liang Yang Lorelei L. Norvell Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97229-1309 Jason C. Slot Andrew Parker Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, 127 Raven Way, Metaline Falls, Washington 99153- Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609 9720 Joseph F. Ammirati Else C. Vellinga University of Washington, Biology Department, Box Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102 Timothy J. -
The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France)
diversity Article The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France) Arnaud Faille 1,* and Louis Deharveng 2 1 Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany 2 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR7205, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Located in Northern Pyrenees, in the Arbas massif, France, the system of the Coume Ouarnède, also known as Réseau Félix Trombe—Henne Morte, is the longest and the most complex cave system of France. The system, developed in massive Mesozoic limestone, has two distinct resur- gences. Despite relatively limited sampling, its subterranean fauna is rich, composed of a number of local endemics, terrestrial as well as aquatic, including two remarkable relictual species, Arbasus cae- cus (Simon, 1911) and Tritomurus falcifer Cassagnau, 1958. With 38 stygobiotic and troglobiotic species recorded so far, the Coume Ouarnède system is the second richest subterranean hotspot in France and the first one in Pyrenees. This species richness is, however, expected to increase because several taxonomic groups, like Ostracoda, as well as important subterranean habitats, like MSS (“Milieu Souterrain Superficiel”), have not been considered so far in inventories. Similar levels of subterranean biodiversity are expected to occur in less-sampled karsts of central and western Pyrenees. Keywords: troglobionts; stygobionts; cave fauna Citation: Faille, A.; Deharveng, L. The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France). Diversity 2021, 1. Introduction 13 , 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ Stretching at the border between France and Spain, the Pyrenees are known as one d13090419 of the subterranean hotspots of the world [1]. -
Russulas of Southern Vancouver Island Coastal Forests
Russulas of Southern Vancouver Island Coastal Forests Volume 1 by Christine Roberts B.Sc. University of Lancaster, 1991 M.S. Oregon State University, 1994 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Biology © Christine Roberts 2007 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47323-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47323-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. -
Hans Halbwachs
Hans Halbwachs hat are fungal characteristics Moreover, the variability of spore traits in winter. It has been speculated that good for? Well, for identifying is bewildering (as was discussed by Else this may be a strategy to avoid predators fungi, of course! Field Vellinga in the previous issue of FUNGI). (Halbwachs et al., 2016), though this Wmycologists all over the world are living Size, ornamentation, and pigmentation would imply investment, e.g., into encyclopedias when it comes to fungal occur in all combinations (Fig. 2). These antifreeze substances and producing traits. Even the most subtle differences are the visible characteristics which may relatively small fruit bodies, as in in spore size or cap coloration have their be grouped in (1) morphological (shape, Flammulina velutipes or Hygrophorus place in identifying mushrooms and size) and (2) physiological (pigments, hypothejus. Generally, species fruiting other fungi. Quite many mycologists are taste, smell, toxicity, etc.). A third, more in late autumn seem to have larger intrigued by the endless variations, for mysterious trait, is the phenology of fruit fruit bodies, at least in Cortinarius instance of fruit bodies (Fig. 1). bodies. Some do it in spring, some even (Halbwachs, 2018). Figure 1. Examples of basidiomycete fruit body shapes and colors. From left to right top: Amanita flavoconia (courtesy J. Veitch), Lactarius indigo (courtesy A. Rockefeller), Butyriboletus frostii (courtesy D. Molter); bottom: Calostoma cinnabarinum (courtesy D. Molter), Tricholomopsis decora (courtesy W. Sturgeon), Mycena adonis (courtesy D. Molter). creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. 18 FUNGI Volume 12:1 Spring 2019 Knockin’ on Evolution’s Door Although some ideas are circulating about the functionality of fungal traits, mycologists want to know more about their ecological implications. -
Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12). -
Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric)
J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48: 85–91 | doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2018.119 PAPER Amanita muscaria (fly agaric): from a shamanistic hallucinogen to the search for acetylcholine HistoryMR Lee1, E Dukan2, I Milne3 & Humanities The mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) is widely distributed Correspondence to: throughout continental Europe and the UK. Its common name suggests MR Lee Abstract that it had been used to kill flies, until superseded by arsenic. The bioactive 112 Polwarth Terrace compounds occurring in the mushroom remained a mystery for long Merchiston periods of time, but eventually four hallucinogens were isolated from the Edinburgh EH11 1NN fungus: muscarine, muscimol, muscazone and ibotenic acid. UK The shamans of Eastern Siberia used the mushroom as an inebriant and a hallucinogen. In 1912, Henry Dale suggested that muscarine (or a closely related substance) was the transmitter at the parasympathetic nerve endings, where it would produce lacrimation, salivation, sweating, bronchoconstriction and increased intestinal motility. He and Otto Loewi eventually isolated the transmitter and showed that it was not muscarine but acetylcholine. The receptor is now known variously as cholinergic or muscarinic. From this basic knowledge, drugs such as pilocarpine (cholinergic) and ipratropium (anticholinergic) have been shown to be of value in glaucoma and diseases of the lungs, respectively. Keywords acetylcholine, atropine, choline, Dale, hyoscine, ipratropium, Loewi, muscarine, pilocarpine, physostigmine Declaration of interests No conflicts of interest declared Introduction recorded by the Swedish-American ethnologist Waldemar Jochelson, who lived with the tribes in the early part of the Amanita muscaria is probably the most easily recognised 20th century. His version of the tale reads as follows: mushroom in the British Isles with its scarlet cap spotted 1 with conical white fl eecy scales. -
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Key to Alberta Edible Mushrooms Note: Key Should Be Used With"Mushrooms of Western Canada"
Key to Alberta Edible Mushrooms Note: Key should be used with"Mushrooms of Western Canada". The key is designed to help narrow the field of possibilities. Should never be used without more detailed descriptions provided in field guides. Always confirm your choice with a good field guide. Go A Has pores or sponge like tubes on underside 2 to 1 Go B Does not have visible pores or sponge like tubes 22 to Leatiporus sulphureous A Bright yellow top, brighter pore surface, shelf like growth on wood "Chicken of the woods" 2 Go B not as above with pores or sponge like tubes 3 to Go A Has sponge like tube layer easily separated from cap 4 to 3 B Has shallow pore layer not easily separated from cap Not described in this key A Medium to large brown cap, thick stalk, fine embossed netting on stalk Boletus edulis 4 Go B Not as above with sponge like tube layer 5 to A Dull brown to beige cap, fine embossed netting on stalk Not described in this key 5 Go B Not as above with sponge like tube layer 6 to Go A Dry cap, rough ornamented stem, with flesh staining various shades of pink to gray 7 to 6 Go B Not as above 12 to Go A Cap orange to red, never brown or white 8 to 7 Go B Cap various shades of dark or light brown to beige/white 10 to A Dark orangey red cap, velvety cap surface, growing exclusively with conifers Leccinum fibrilosum 8 Go B Orangey cap, growing in mixed or pure aspen poplar stands 9 to Orangey - red cap, skin flaps on cap margins, slowly staining pinkish gray, earliest of the leccinums starting A Leccinum boreale in June. -
Amanita Muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths
Entry Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths Quentin Carboué * and Michel Lopez URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Definition: Amanita muscaria is the most emblematic mushroom in the popular representation. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus endemic to the cold ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. The basidiocarp contains isoxazoles compounds that have specific actions on the central nervous system, including hallucinations. For this reason, it is considered an important entheogenic mushroom in different cultures whose remnants are still visible in some modern-day European traditions. In Siberian civilizations, it has been consumed for religious and recreational purposes for millennia, as it was the only inebriant in this region. Keywords: Amanita muscaria; ibotenic acid; muscimol; muscarine; ethnomycology 1. Introduction Thanks to its peculiar red cap with white spots, Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. is the most iconic mushroom in modern-day popular culture. In many languages, its vernacular names are fly agaric and fly amanita. Indeed, steeped in a bowl of milk, it was used to Citation: Carboué, Q.; Lopez, M. catch flies in houses for centuries in Europe due to its ability to attract and intoxicate flies. Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Although considered poisonous when ingested fresh, this mushroom has been consumed Myths. Encyclopedia 2021, 1, 905–914. as edible in many different places, such as Italy and Mexico [1]. Many traditional recipes https://doi.org/10.3390/ involving boiling the mushroom—the water containing most of the water-soluble toxic encyclopedia1030069 compounds is then discarded—are available. In Japan, the mushroom is dried, soaked in brine for 12 weeks, and rinsed in successive washings before being eaten [2].