Climate Change and Water

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Climate Change and Water Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology Centre on Climate Change and Adaptation Climate Change and Water Climate Change in Hesse Imprint Publication series: Climate Change in Hesse Edited by: Dr. M. Banning, Dr. G. Berthold, Dr. G. Brahmer, M. Hergesell, Dr. H. Hübener, A. Gründel, W.-P. v. Pape Layout: Nadine Monika Fechner, Christine Zarda Translation with the help of Dr. E. Pischtschan, C. Wellié-Reeve Publisher, © and distribution: Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology Centre on Climate Change and Adaptation Rheingaustraße 186 65203 Wiesbaden Phone: 0611 6939–111 Fax: 0611 6939–113 Email: [email protected] www.hlnug.de Effective: June 2014 English version: June 2018 Reprinting – even extracts – only with the written permission of the publisher. Picture credits: Front Cover Photograph/Flood of the Main River in Frankfurt Foreword Climate change affects many aspects of our lives. Changes in precipitation in particular have far-reaching implications, for instance on plant growth and thus the harvests, on our rivers and the groundwater. Do we have to expect flooding more often in the future? Or rather increasing low flow events? Maybe both? Will enough groundwater continue to be available everywhere? Will our water quality change? And how do animals and plants react to these changes? Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmid In this brochure, we look into these issues. We describe changes President of the Hessian Agency for Nature that already happened and explain which further changes to the Conservation, environmental medium of water may be expected as a result of Environment and changing climate in Hesse. Geology Further information is available on the websites of the HLNUG. 3 Precipitation An average amount of 839 mm (i.e. l/m²) of The lowest number of rain days throughout precipitation was recorded from 1981 to 2010 Hesse was recorded in Geisenheim (105 per year) throughout Hesse. Its distribution varies by region: and the highest number at the Wasserkuppe The highest total amount of precipitation was station (156 per year) on average. measured in Driedorf, the lowest in Geisenheim. 160 140 120 100 80 l/m² 60 40 Reinheim Kassel Driedorf Grebenhain 20 Fulda Geisenheim Schotten Wasserkuppe Frankfurt/M Gernsheim 0 Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean precipitation per month from 1981 to 2010. Data Source: DWD 4 Climate projections for the future do not indi- cate any changes in annual mean precipitation in the scenario of a medium rise of greenhouse gas concentrations (the so-called ”Scenario A1B“). However, a seasonal shift of precipitation from summer to winter becomes apparent. By the middle of this century, these trends are relatively weak compared to the year-to-year-fluctuation in precipitation. With ongoing climate change, the shifting rainfall distribution between the seasons becomes increasingly clear. Mean precipitation in Hesse based on observations and future projections for hydrological half years (winter: Nov– April; summer: May–Oct) and the entire water year Period Winter Summer Year 1961–1990 384 l/m2 409 l/m2 793 l/m2 1971–2000 375 l/m2 402 l/m2 777 l/m2 1981–2010 387 l/m2 418 l/m2 805 l/m2 2021–2050 (rel. to +3 % * -5 % * -1 % * 1971–2000) (-4 % to +14 %) (-13 % to +5 %) (-7 % to +9 %) 2071–2100 (rel. to +8 % * -16 % * -4 % * 1971–2000) (-5 % to +26 %) (-24 % to -2 %) (-13 % to +12 %) * Band width based on simulations using 21 regional climate models 5 Changes in river discharge The state of Hesse operates 108 gauges to its distribution over the months, the discharge measure water stages and river discharge. Hes- varies greatly from year to year. sian water bodies have their runoff maximum in the winter half year and the minimum in sum- The measured gauge-data are also used to mer due to increased evaporation. Depending assess the impact of climate change on future on the amount of precipitation per year and runoff. For this purpose, regional climate simula- tions for Hesse are fed 90 monthly mean into a water balance 80 minimum model which in turn maximum simulates changes in 70 the river discharge. 60 50 m³/s 40 30 20 Discharge at the gauge in 10 Bad Hersfeld (Fulda): monthly mean, minimum and maxi- 0 mum values for the period Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 1971–2000 6 With ongoing climate change, changes in the discharge of Hessian water bodies are to be expected: namely a shift towards higher runoff in the winter half year and lower runoff in the summer half year. The water level at times of low flow will be even lower. 12 30 11 25 /s 10 20 3 9 15 in m 10 f 8 7 5 6 0 Gauge in Harreshausen (Gersprenz) 5 -5 4 -10 3 -15 % Deviation in 2 -20 Left axis: Simulated runoff Mean monthly runof 1 -25 for the reference period 1971–2000 -30 0 for the future period 2021–2050 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Right axis: Simulated runoff at the Harreshausen gauge, one climate Relative change in the future model, scenario A1B period with respect to the reference period in % 7 Floods Floods are caused by various processes. Winter- In summer, floods are most often caused by time floods mostly result from prolonged rainfall heavy rainfall, e.g. during thunder storms. These in a large area. They often affect major rivers, heavy rainfall events are often limited to small especially when the tributaries also contribute areas, affecting small river catchments. Flood- with floods. Floods in winter are often associat- ing and soil erosion are particularly furthered ed with frozen soil, permitting the infiltration of by limited or absent infiltration resulting from rainwater into the ground. In the spring, snow- asphalt sealing, when the surface is crusted due melt concurring with heavy rainfall can lead to to previous drought, or when the soil is already flooding. waterlogged. On the other hand, flood events are part of the essential, shaping forces of flowing waters. Their biotic communities are principally adapted to such events. Therefore, changes in the river course in the wake of flooding should be left unchanged as far as possible, or even devel- oped further. Restoring a “hydromorphological equilibrium” of rivers is one of the most urgent objectives of today´s water management. Eberbach Odenwald: Heavy rainfall caused the formation of small islands and streambed expansions © Ecolo-Gis 2012 8 Climate change leads to more precipitation in There is currently no clear trend as to future ex- winter that increasingly falls in the form of rain treme flood events, apart from an increase in the instead of snow, making wintertime floods more number of mean flood events. likely in the future. However, decreas- ing snow cover also reduces the risk of spring floods caused by melting snow. Less rainfall is expect- ed during the sum- mer in the future. Yet, heavy rainfall events can still occur and potentially become more intense. Hence, the risk of summer- time floods will remain. Flooding at the Werra in Eschwege © A. Müller-Brandl, Stadt Eschwege 9 Low flow Prolonged drought can lead to low flow in rivers, For the past 30 years, the Hessian gauges re- which in turn can e.g. cause shipping closures. corded the following changes in low flow runoff, Moreover, it may cause the abstraction of irriga- i.e. the amount of water still flowing when water tion water or water for cooling in power plants levels are low: or industrial facilities to be restricted or even prohibited. • significant decreases at 24 gauges • significant increases at 4 gauges Low water events in Hesse mostly occur during • no significant trend at 80 gauges the months of August and September. Data recorded by 64 of the 108 Hessian gauges indi- With ongoing climate change, the decrease in cate a trend that low flow events occur about 2 summer precipitation will worsen low flow prob- weeks earlier in the year within the last 30 years. lems. 10 9 Mean value over the entire measurement period Trendline 8 7 6 5 m³/s 4 3 2 1 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 The lowest minimum discharge per year at the gauge in Bad Hersfeld (Fulda), 1968–2013, showing a significant decrease 10 The spring of 2011 was the second-driest spring November 2011 was the driest November on in Germany since measurements began in record. Hesse experienced only 2.8 % of the 1881. In March 2011, precipitation in Hesse only average November precipitation. Some gauges amounted to 21 % of the average precipitation registered no precipitation at all. recorded between 1961 and 1990. The Rhine river at Rüdesheim/Bingen, November 201111 Water temperature The high summer air temperatures in 2003 and The simulated temperature profile along the 2006 led to higher water temperatures and low reach of the Main in Hesse for 13 August, the flows. This caused, for example, the river Main day with the highest water temperature in 2003 to exceed the 25 °C threshold for the so-called (diagram on the next page), shows an increase in ”Barbel Region“ to which the Main belongs (dia- water temperatures from the Hessian-Bavarian gram on this page). If this threshold is exceeded border to the entry point into the Rhein. Cooler frequently or for a long time-period, flora and inflows from the Kinzig and Nidda rivers as well fauna of the water body will very likely be dam- as discharge from the sewage treatment plant in aged. Niederrad decreased the temperature.
Recommended publications
  • Kompetenzatlas Wasser Competence Atlas Water
    Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung www.hessen-umwelttech.de Kompetenzatlas Wasser Competence Atlas Water Wassertechnologie und Wassermanagement in Hessen Water technologies and Water management in Hessen Kompetenzatlas Wasser Wassertechnologie und Wassermanagement in Hessen Competence Atlas Water Water Technology and Water Management in Hessen Band 10 der Schriftenreihe der Aktionslinie Hessen-Umwelttech Volume 10 of the brochure series "Aktionslinie Hessen-Umwelttech" Impressum Imprint Kompetenzatlas Wasser Wassertechnologie und Wassermanagement in Hessen Competence Atlas Water Water technologies and Water management in Hessen Eine Veröffentlichung im Rahmen der Schriftenreihe der Aktionsli- nie Hessen-Umwelttech des Hessischen Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung A publication within the series pr oduced by Aktionslinie Hessen- Umwelttech, affiliated to the Hessian Ministry of Economics, Trans- port, Urban and Regional Development Herausgeber | Publisher: HA Hessen Agentur GmbH Dr. Carsten Ott Abraham-Lincoln-Straße. 38 – 42 D-65189 Wiesbaden Telefon 0611/774–8350, Fax–8620 www.hessen-umwelttech.de Erstellt von | Compiled by: Dr. Alexandra Lux, Dr. Thomas Kluge, Dr. Engelbert Schramm, Institut für sozial-ökologische Forschung (ISOE) M. Sc. Astrid Bischoff, Technische Universität Darmstadt – Institut WAR Dr. Bernhard Michel, Cooperative Infrastruktur und Umwelt GbR Redaktion | Editors: Maria Rieping, Sebastian Hummel (Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung) Dr. Carsten Ott, Dagmar Dittrich (HA Hessen Agentur GmbH, Aktionslinie Hessen-Umwelttech) © Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung © Hessian Ministry of Economics, Transport, Urban and Regional Development Kaiser-Friedrich-Ring 75 D-65185 Wiesbaden www.wirtschaft.hessen.de Vervielfältigung und Nachdruck – auch auszugsweise – nur nach vor- heriger schriftlicher Genehmigung. Reproduction and reprinting – whether in full or in part – subject to prior written approval.
    [Show full text]
  • Änderungsunterlagen
    Änderungsunterlagen 1. Änderung des Regionalplans Südhessen/Regionalen Flächennutzungsplans 2010 für die Gemeinde Mainhausen, Ortsteil Mainflingen Gebiet: "Ehemaliges manroland-Gelände" INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Kartenteil 2. Begründung A. Erläuterung der Planung B. Umweltbericht Regionalverband Poststraße 16 Telefon: +49 69 2577 - 0 [email protected] FrankfurtRheinMain 60329 Frankfurt am Main Telefax: +49 69 2577 -1204 www.region-frankfurt.de Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts 1. Änderung des Regionalplans Südhessen/Regionalen Flächennutzungsplans 2010 für die Gemeinde Mainhausen, Ortsteil Mainflingen Gebiet: "Ehemaliges manroland-Gelände" Lage des Änderungsbereiches (Quelle: Präsentationsgraphik 1:10.000 ATKIS®-Basis-DLM) Ohne Maßstab Grenze des Änderungsbereiches - 2 - 1. Änderung des Regionalplans Südhessen/Regionalen Flächennutzungsplans 2010 für die Gemeinde Mainhausen, Ortsteil Mainflingen Gebiet: "Ehemaliges manroland-Gelände" Darstellung der Flächen im Regionalplan Südhessen/Regionalen Flächennutzungsplan 2010, Planstand 31.12.2014 M. 1 : 50 000 Grenze des Änderungsbereiches - 3 - 1. Änderung des Regionalplans Südhessen/Regionalen Flächennutzungsplans 2010 für die Gemeinde Mainhausen, Ortsteil Mainflingen Gebiet: "Ehemaliges manroland-Gelände" Vorgesehene Änderung M. 1 : 50 000 Grenze des Änderungsbereiches "Gewerbliche Baufläche, Bestand" (ca. 8,4 ha) in "Wohnbaufläche, geplant" (ca. 8,4 ha) - 4 - 1. Änderung des Regionalplans Südhessen/Regionalen Flächennutzungsplans 2010 für die Gemeinde Mainhausen, Ortsteil Mainflingen
    [Show full text]
  • RMV 556 Odenw A5 WEB.Pdf
    Viele Möglichkeiten. Eine Region. Werden Sie doch einfach öfter mal wieder aktiv! Die Partner im RMV bringen Sie überall hin, wo unsere Region voller Bewegung ist. Mit einem Tarif. Einer Fahrkarte. Einem Fahrplan. Verbindet die Menschen. Verbindet die Region. ABCED Ausflugsziele entlang der Odenwald-Bahn RMV-Anzeige-A5_ltt.indd 1 20.08.2008 10:37:01 Uhr Prozessfarbe CyanProzessfarbe MagentaProzessfarbe GelbProzessfarbe Schwarz Inhalt Einleitung Einleitung 3 Die Odenwald-Bahn bringt Sie zum Beispiel zum Erbacher Schloss, zur Veste Otzberg, zur Streckenverlauf 5 Seligenstädter Benediktinerabtei, zur Fasa- nerie in Hanau-Klein-Auheim oder zum Städte und Gemeinden: Ledermuseum in Offenbach. Eberbach am Neckar 6 Hesseneck 7 Die Städte und Gemeinden entlang der Beerfelden 8 Odenwald-Bahn werden wie bei einer Zug- Erbach im Odenwald 10 fahrt vorgestellt. Die Streckenführung der Michelstadt 12 beiden Linien verdeutlicht die Karte auf Bad König 15 Seite 5. Zu Ihrer besseren Orientierung zei- Höchst i. Odw. 17 gen einzelne Kartenausschnitte im Text, wel- Groß-Umstadt 19 che Kommunen als nächstes „angefahren“ Babenhausen 22 werden. Jede Kommune präsentiert sich Mainhausen 24 eigenständig und weist auf ihre Besonder- Seligenstadt 26 heiten wie Sehenswürdigkeiten, Freizeitan- Hainburg 29 Entdecken Sie die Region von Eberbach bis gebote, Feste und Veranstaltungen hin. Hanau 30 Frankfurt einmal ganz neu, nämlich auf der Abgerundet werden diese Informationen mit Offenbach 33 Schiene. Wir liefern Ihnen dafür die idealen hilfreichen Adressen, unter denen man wei- Otzberg 36 Voraussetzungen: die Odenwald-Bahn als tere touristische Auskünfte erhält. Die Metro- Reinheim 39 perfektes Verkehrsmittel und unseren neuen pole Frankfurt haben wir hier außen vor Ober-Ramstadt 41 Freizeitführer als fachlichen Begleiter.
    [Show full text]
  • Film and TV Producers´Guide Bergstrasse Business Region
    Film and TV Producers´ Guide Bergstrasse Business Region Contents PREFACE 4 6.2 IMPORTANT TO KNOW 25 1. A WORD OF WELCOME 5 Entry, residence and work requirements 25 Engagement of foreign employees 25 2. FILM IN THE REGION 6 Insurance 26 Aap Kaa Surroor (2007) 6 Customs & excise regulations 27 Kin Jana Pardes / Legal Bride, Holiday Bride (2008) 6 Max Schmeling (2009) 8 7. ADRESSES OF COMPANIES AND PEOPLE 28 Cindy liebt mich nicht (2009) 8 7.1 PRODUCTION COMPANIES 28 Una vita tranquilla / Ein ruhiges Leben (2009) 9 Feature film and documentary production companies 28 Advertising and image film production companies 31 3. FILM PROMOTION OPPORTUNITIES 10 7.2 PRODUCTION SERVICE & SUPPORT 32 3.1 HESSEN FILM FUND (HFF) 10 Extras‘ & actors‘ agents 32 3.2 HESSENINVESTFILM 10 Production service 33 3.3 MFG FILMFOERDERUNG BADEN-WUERTTEMBERG 12 Equipment / Special effects / Stunts 35 3.4 HESSE AND BADEN-WUERTTEMBERG FILM PROMOTION AUTHORITIES‘ COOPERATION 13 Equipment and technology rental 36 3.5 FILM COMMISSION HESSEN AND FILM COMMISSION METROPOLREGION RHEINNECKAR 13 Broadcasting equipment 36 3.6 SUPRAREGIONAL FILM PROMOTION AUTHORITIES IN GERMANY 14 Studio buildings 36 3.7 THE GERMAN-INDIAN FILM AGREEMENT 14 Rental: Buses, caravans, cars, toilets, tents 37 3.8 FILM FESTIVALS AND HESSEN FILM PRIZE 15 Security companies 38 4. FILM MOTIFS IN THE BERGSTRASSE 16 Hotels 38 5. BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT THE BERGSTRASSE 17 Indian restaurants 40 5.1 CENTRAL LOCATION IN EUROPE 17 7.3 POST-PRODUCTION 41 5.2 LOCATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE 18 Film laboratories 41 5.3 MILD, SUNNY CLIMATE 19 Post production studios 41 5.4 GEOGRAPHY AND VEGETATION 20 Sound studios 42 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Unterkunftsverzeichnis Bensheim Mit Stadtteilen
    Unterkunftsverzeichnis Bensheim mit Stadtteilen Bensheim – die lebendige Stadt an der Bergstraße! Hotels/Pensionen .......................4-8 Ferienwohnungen .....................9-21 Zwischen Frankfurt und Heidelberg liegt Bensheim, die größte Stadt des Kreises Berg­ straße, eingebettet in die malerische Landschaft zwischen den sanften Hügeln des Oden- Privatzimmer ..........................22-23 waldes und der weiten Ebene des Hessischen Rieds. Geschützt durch die Hänge des Oden- Restaurants/Cafés ..................24-27 waldes gehört das Weinanbaugebiet „Hessische Bergstraße“ zu den wärmsten Regionen Deutschlands. Weingüter ...............................28-29 Vor mehr als 1240 Jahren wurde die Stadt im Lorscher Codex erstmals urkundlich er- Piktogramme ............................... 30 wähnt. 956 erhielt Bensheim das Marktrecht, im 13. Jahrhundert das Stadtrecht. Handel und Gewerbe blühten danach auf. Im Jahre 1301 wurde die Stadt niedergebrannt und in Hotels/Hostels ............................4-8 der Folge von wechselnden Obrigkeiten beherrscht. 1803 fiel Bensheim schließlich an die Holiday Flats .............................9-21 Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt. Holiday Rooms ........................22-23 Heute hat Bensheim mit seinen neun Stadtteilen fast 40.000 Einwohner. Die Stadt ist der wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Mittelpunkt des Kreises Bergstraße. Rund 200 Einzelhandels- Restaurants/Cafes ..................24-27 geschäfte aller Branchen, viele Boutiquen, Restaurants, Cafés, Weinstuben und Kneipen, Wineries .................................28-29
    [Show full text]
  • Important Bird Areas (Bedeutende Vogelschutzgebiete) in Deutschland 17 ]
    [ SUDFELDT, C. et al.: Important Bird Areas (Bedeutende Vogelschutzgebiete) in Deutschland 17 ] CHRISTOPH SUDFELDT und DANIEL DOER (Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten) HERMANN HÖTKER, CLAUS MAYR und CHRISTIAN UNSELT (NABU-Naturschutzbund Deutschland) ANDREAS VON LINDEINER (Landesbund für Vogelschutz Bayern) HANS-GÜNTHER BAUER (AG „IBA“ im Deutschen Rat für Vogelschutz) Important Bird Areas (Bedeutende Vogelschutzgebiete) in Deutschland - überarbeitete und aktualisierte Gesamtliste (Stand 01.07.2002) - Abstract Sudfeldt, C., D. Doer, H. Hötker, C. Mayr, C. Unselt, A.v. Lindeiner & H.-G. Bauer: Important Bird Areas in Germany – revised updated and completed list (state of 1st July 2002). Ber. Vogelschutz 38: 17-109. BirdLife International’s publications on IBAs in 1989 and in 2000 mentioned 107 sites and 285 sites resp. in Germany. Meanwhile, through recent intensive investigations, the list of German IBAs has been completed and now contains 542 sites which are named and briefly characterized in this publication. IBAs cover an area of 56.509 km² in Germany, equal to a share of 15.8 of land surface. IBAs were selected in accordance with internatio- nal criteria which are specified for Germany by DOER et al. (2002) in this issue. Data collection and site selection have been performed by the federal branches of NABU (BirdLife partner Germany) and regional ornithological societies under the umbrella of Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten. The procedure of site selection in different federal states is detailed in separate chapters. The list of IBAs is sorted by federal states and shows names, national and international codes, geographical coordinates, size, and criteria used for selection. For IBAs which have been designated as SPAs, SPA codes are given.
    [Show full text]
  • Unterkunftsverzeichnis Bensheim Mit Stadtteilen
    Unterkunftsverzeichnis Bensheim mit Stadtteilen Bensheim – die lebendige Stadt an der Bergstraße! Hotels/Pensionen .......................4-8 Ferienwohnungen ..................... 9-17 Zwischen Frankfurt und Heidelberg liegt Bensheim, die größte Stadt des Kreises Berg­ Restaurants/Cafés ..................18-20 straße, eingebettet in die malerische Landschaft zwischen den sanften Hügeln des Odenwaldes und der weiten Ebene des Hessischen Rieds. Geschützt durch die Hänge des Weingüter .................................... 21 Odenwaldes gehört das Weinanbaugebiet „Hessische Bergstraße“ zu den wärmsten Straßenverzeichnis ...................... 22 Regionen Deutschlands. Stadtplan ................................23-24 Vor mehr als 1240 Jahren wurde die Stadt im Lorscher Codex erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. 956 erhielt Bensheim das Marktrecht, im 13. Jahrhundert das Stadtrecht. Piktogramme ............................... 25 Handel und Gewerbe blühten danach auf. Im Jahre 1301 wurde die Stadt niedergebrannt und in der Folge von wechselnden Obrigkeiten beherrscht. 1803 fiel Bensheim schließlich Hotels/Hostels ............................4-8 an die Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt. Holiday Flats ............................. 9-17 Heute hat Bensheim mit seinen neun Stadtteilen fast 40.000 Einwohner. Die Stadt ist der wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Mittelpunkt des Kreises Bergstraße. Rund 200 Einzelhan- Restaurants/Cafes ..................18-20 delsgeschäfte aller Branchen, viele Boutiquen, Restaurants, Cafés, Weinstuben und Wineries .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • About Time Realization and Dissemination of Legal Time in the Federal Republic of Germany
    Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt National Metrology Institute About Time Realization and Dissemination of Legal Time in the Federal Republic of Germany Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the worldwide uni- form basis for determining legal time used in daily life. Its scale unit is the SI second, which is realized with the primary atomic clocks of PTB and of other timing insti- tutes. UTC is the basis of all global time zones which gener- ally differ from one another by whole hours. Since (in spite of the impact of / s atomic clocks) our daily life continues to be based on the apparent position of Time difference difference Time the Sun, i.e. based upon the non-uni- form rotation of the Year Earth, care is taken that UTC corre- sponds within ± 0.9 s with “Universal Time” (UT1, mean solar time at the null meridian through Greenwich) de- rived from astronomic observations. For this purpose, leap seconds are inserted into UTC as necessary. In the figure above, a comparison between UT1, UTC and International Atomic Time (TAI), which is independent of Earth’s rotation, is illustrated. When TAI was introduced at the beginning of 1958, TAI was adjusted to UT1. UTC has only been in existence since 1 January 1972, when the difference between UT1 and TAI amounted to about 10 s. Since the Earth does not rotate at a regular speed, leap seconds are inserted at irregular time intervals. Through the Units and Time Act, PTB is entrusted with realizing and disseminating standard time for “official business and commercial matters” in the Federal Republic of Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Managed Layer-3 Switch
    NTS7500 Series Grandmaster Clock & User Manual NTP Server Atop Technologies, Inc. IEEE1588v2 Precision Time Protocol Grandmaster Clock NTP server User Manual V0.7 June 7th, 2021 Page 1 of 34 NTS7500 Series Grandmaster Clock & User Manual NTP Server This PDF Document contains internal hyperlinks for ease of navigation. For example, click on any item listed in the Table of Contents to go to that page. Published by: Atop Technologies, Inc. 2F, No. 146, Sec. 1, Tung-Hsing Rd, 30261 Chupei City, Hsinchu County Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: +886-3-550-8137 Fax: +886-3-550-8131 www.atoponline.com Page 2 of 34 NTS7500 Series Grandmaster Clock & User Manual NTP Server Important Announcement The information contained in this document is the property of ATOP Technologies, Inc., and is supplied for the sole purpose of operation and maintenance of ATOP Technologies, Inc., products. No part of this publication is to be used for any other purposes, and it is not to be reproduced, copied, disclosed, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language, in any form, by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior explicit written consent of ATOP Technologies, Inc., Offenders will be held liable for damages and prosecution. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. Disclaimer We have checked the contents of this manual for agreement with the hardware and the software described. Since deviations cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full agreement. However, the data in this manual is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections will be included in subsequent editions.
    [Show full text]
  • Internationally Coordinated Management Plan 2015 for the International River Basin District of the Rhine
    Internationally Coordinated Management Plan 2015 for the International River Basin District of the Rhine (Part A = Overriding Part) December 2015 Imprint Joint report of The Republic of Italy, The Principality of Liechtenstein, The Federal Republic of Austria, The Federal Republic of Germany, The Republic of France, The Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, The Kingdom of Belgium, The Kingdom of the Netherlands With the cooperation of the Swiss Confederation Data sources Competent Authorities in the Rhine river basin district Coordination Rhine Coordination Committee in cooperation with the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) Drafting of maps Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany Publisher: International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) Kaiserin-Augusta-Anlagen 15, D 56068 Koblenz P.O. box 20 02 53, D 56002 Koblenz Telephone +49-(0)261-94252-0, Fax +49-(0)261-94252-52 Email: [email protected] www.iksr.org Translation: Karin Wehner ISBN 978-3-941994-72-0 © IKSR-CIPR-ICBR 2015 IKSR CIPR ICBR Bewirtschaftungsplan 2015 IFGE Rhein Contents Introduction .................................................................................. 6 1. General description .............................................................. 8 1.1 Surface water bodies in the IRBD Rhine ................................................. 11 1.2 Groundwater ...................................................................................... 12 2. Human activities and stresses ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • RMV Wabenplan
    Übersichtskarte Tarifgebiete Preisstufen im Nahbereich Zennern Niedermöllrich Viermünden Udenborn Rengers- Wabern Der Nahbereich ist in orange A0-Tarifgebiete unterteilt. Je Somplar hausen Hommers- hausen Harle RMV-Tarifgebiet Wangers- Schreufa Utters- nach Linienverlauf können Sie anhand der Anzahl und Art hausen Großen- hausen 8501 Geismar englis Uns- Klein- hausen Frankenberg 85 Rockshausen 8101 (Eder) 8420 der befahrenen Tarifgebiete mit der unten stehenden Dörnholz- Falkenberg Dankerode Friedrichs- Gombeth Lendorf Hebel Osterfeld hausen hausen Kersten- Singlis Preisbildungsregel die Preisstufe bestimmen. Röddenau Haubern 8201 Hütten- hausen Arnsbach Seifershausen 8030 rode Übergangstarifgebiet Borken Willersdorf Halge- Trocken- Haine hausen 8830 Erkshausen Allendorf Römers- Battenhausen erfurth Pfaffenhausen 8010 hausen Haina (Eder) Nassen- Schwarzenhasel Diese Tarifgebiete gehören zu Birken- erfuth Rotenburg Bottendorf Oberholz- Mohnhausen Römersberg Freudenthal Preis- Fahrtwege mit Start und Ziel Rennerte- bring-81Industrie- (Fulda) Rauten- Haddenberg hausen hausen hausen Haar- hausen hof Bockendorf Bischhausen hausen Stolzenbach an den RMV angrenzenden Battenberg 8120 Dodenhausen Reptich Lispen- stufe 80 Wiesenfeld Dillich Braach hausen 8810 Dodenau (Eder) Battenfeld Burgwald Lispen- Sehlen 82 8401 Neuenhain Solz Herbelhausen Gilsa 84Zimmersrode hausen Bf Verkehrsverbünden. Bei der Fahrt Willers- Densberg Jesberg Neuental Braunhausen Berghofen hausen Grüsen Walters- Biebighausen Reddig- Ellnrode brück 8410 Imshausen Lehn- Schönstein
    [Show full text]
  • Germany on the Geodetic Activities in the Years 1995 Bb 1999
    DEUTSCHE GEODÄTISCHE KOMMISSION bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Reihe B Angewandte Geodäsie Heft Nr. 308 NATIONAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY ON THE GEODETIC ACTIVITIES IN THE YEARS 1995 BB 1999 XXII General Assembly of the International Union for Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) 1999 in Birmingham compiled by Bernhard Heck, Reinhard Rummel, Erwin Groten and Helmut Hornik München 1999 Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C. H. Beck'schen Verlagsbuchhandlung München ISSN 0065-5317 ISBN 3 7696 8588 1 DEUTSCHE GEODÄTISCHE KOMMISSION bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Reihe B Angewandte Geodäsie Heft Nr. 308 NATIONAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY ON THE GEODETIC ACTIVITIES IN THE YEARS 1995 B 1999 XXII General Assembly of the International Union for Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) 1999 in Birmingham compiled by Bernhard Heck, Reinhard Rummel, Erwin Groten and Helmut Hornik München 1999 Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C. H. Beck'schen Verlagsbuchhandlung München ISSN 0065-5317 ISBN 3 7696 8588 1 Adresse der Deutschen Geodätischen Kommission: Deutsche Geodätische Kommission Marstallplatz 8 ! D B 80 539 München Telefon +49 B 89 B 23 031 113 ! Telefax +49 B 89 B 23 031 B 100/ B 240 E-mail [email protected] ! Internet http://www.badw.de/akad32.htm Der Druck dieser Veröffentlichung wurde aus Mitteln der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften gefördert © 1999 Deutsche Geodätische Kommission, München Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne Genehmigung der Herausgeber ist es auch nicht gestattet, die Veröffentlichung oder Teile daraus auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie) zu vervielfältigen ISSN 0065-5317 ISBN 3 7696 8588 1 3 Foreword Every four years the General Assemblies of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) provide an opportunity for taking a look back onto the developments in the field of geodesy.
    [Show full text]