PS:579-2012- 3RD(R) ICS No.91.100.40
PAKISTAN STANDARD
PRODUCTS IN FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT (ASBESTOS-CEMENT FLAT SHEETS) (3RD REVISION)
(ALL RIGHTS RESERVED) PAKISTAN STANDARDS AND QUALITY CONTROL AUTHORITY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (STANDARDIZATION WING), 1st FLOOR, ST-7-A, BLOCK-3 GULISTAN-E-JAUHAR Karachi . STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (CIVIL ENGINEERING DIVISION
LIST OF MEMBE4RS FOR THE SECTIONAL COMMITTEE “ASBESTOS CEMENT PRODUCTS”
Engr. Asim Aleem The Registrar, Chief Executive Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC), Aleem & Company Attaturk Avenue (East) G-5/2 Builders & Developers Islamabad. A-3, Memon Square NIPA The Secretary, Gulishan-e-Iqbal Institution of Engineer Pakistan, Karachi. Karachi Centre 177/2, Liaquat Barracks, 4th Floor, I.E.P. Building, Engr. Tahseen Ahmed Karachi. Chief Executive M/s. Logix The Chairman, Project Managers Consultants Advisors Association of Builders & Developers, C-24-C, Sunset Lane # 2, ST – 1/D, Block – 16, Phase II (Ext) Gulistan-e-Johar Defence Housing Authority Karachi Karachi. The Vice Chancellor, The Director General Mehran University Environmental Protection Agency, of Engineering & Technology Plot # ST -2/1, Sector 23, Jamshoro. Korangi Industrial Area, Karachi The Vice Chancellor, Quaid-e-Awam University, Ref. No SDC-2/BDC-10/08 of Engineering & Technology, The Director, Nawabshah. Quality Control Centre, Block # 77, Pakistan Secretariat, The Vice Chancellor, Karachi. University of Karachi, University Road, The Chairman Karachi. Council for Works & Housing Research, F – 40, S. I. T. E. The Vice Chancellor Karachi. University of Sindh, Jamshoro. Engr. Syed Ali Council for Works & Housing Research, The Vice President, F – 40, S. I. T. E., NESPAK, Karachi. 14th Floor of NIC Building Off Abbasi Shaheed Road, The Director, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Karachi. ST – 17, Block – II Gulistan-e-Jauhar, Chief Engineer, Karachi. NESPAK, 14th Floor of NIC Building Off Abbasi Shaheed Road, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi. Engr. Tasnim Ahmed Qazi, The Managing Director Technical Manager (Q.A) KW & SB Dadex Eternit Limited, 9th Mile Karsaz Deh – 22 S.I.T.E., Manghopir Road, Karachi. Karachi. The Secretary General/CEO, The Director General, Federation of Pakistan, PCSIR Laboratory Complex, Chamber of Commerce & Industries, Off: University Road, Federation House, Main Clifton, Karachi. Karachi.
Mr. Aamir Nizam Prof. Ashraf Kamal Lab. Engineer in Civil Engg., Department, Assistant Professor, N.E.D. University of Engg. & Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi. University Road, Karachi. Mr. Anwar Ahmed Khan, House # A-19, Raw G, Block-1 Gulshan-e-Kaneez Fatima Gulshan Town Karachi.
Engr. Rizwan-ur-Rehman Principal Engineer PCSIR, 4/G, Block-6, P.E.C.H.S., Karachi.
Engr. Mumtaz Ali Lashari The Assistant Director, Building (Design Bureau), Hyderabad Development Authority, Hyderabad.
The Registrar Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi
Mr. Ijaz Shaikh Antiquites Department 7th Floor Building # 01, New Building Sindh Secretariat Karachi
Engr. Farid Ahmed Soomro Chief Engineer (I.P.D.,) KW & SB Scheme 33 Gulshan-e-Iqbal Near Civic Centre, Karachi
Assistant Director (SBCA) Sindh Building Control Authority Hyderabad Region, Hyderabad. PS:579-2012 (R)
C O N T E N T S
SL:No. PAGE
0. Foreword 1 1. Scope 2 2. Field of application 2 3. References 2 4. Characteristics 2 5. Methods of Testing 5 6. Marking 10 7. Sampling, Inspection & acceptance 10 Annexes: A. Acceptance Test 11 B. Extracts from PS-1551, Asbestos-cement 13 Products-sampling and inspection PS:579-2012 (R) PAKISTAN STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR PRODUCTS IN FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT (ASBESTOS-CEMENT FLAT SHEETS) (2ND REVISION)
0. FOREWORD:
0.1 This Pakistan Standard was revised by the Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority after the draft prepared by the Technical Committee for Asbestos Cement Products (BDC-10) has been approved on 21-12-2011, and endorsed by the National Standards Committee on 12th April, 2012.
0.2 This Pakistan Standard No.579 was first prepared in 1966 based on ISO:396/1 which was first revised in 1980. The validated Pakistan Standard in also based on ISO:396/1 and its use is acknowledged with thanks. While reviewing the standard, the committee has confirmed it in July, 2002. Presently the committee has confirmed to this PSS as 3rd Revision in April, 2012.
0.3 The acceptance tests and extracts of PS-1551 relating to the Standard have been described in Annexure A and B respectively.
0.4 In preparing and reviewing this Pakistan Standard the views and suggestions of all the interests have been taken into consideration.
0.5 This Pakistan Standard is subject to periodical review an order to keep pace with development in industry. Any suggestions for the improvement will be recorded and placed before the review committee.
0.6 Warning Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precaution, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”
Contd………….P/2 (02)
1. S C O P E :
This Pakistan Standard Specified the characteristics of asbestos-cement flat sheets, and establishes the control and testing methods for the verification and determination of the specified values.
The sheets are classified in two categories according to the value of the minimum bending strength.
NOTE: For cellular asbestos cement flats sheet, see PS:3053/91
2. FIELD OF APPLICATION:
This Pakistan Standard is applicable to asbestos-cement flat sheets consisting essentially of Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening) conforming to PS:232, reinforced by asbestos fibres to which other fibres may be added.
Fillers and pigments which are compatible with asbestos cement may be added.
It is not applicable to the following products:
a) cellulose asbestos-cement flat sheets; b) so;oca asnestps-cement flat sheets; c) non-combustible fibre reinforced board, boards of calcium silicate or cement for insulation and fire protection.
3. REFERENCES: PS-1551, Asbestos-Cement products-Sampling and inspection. PS:ISO:1006, Modular Co-ordination-Basic module.
4. CHARACTERISTICS:
4.1 Geometrical characteristics 4.1.1 Dimensions
T A B L E - 1 (Dimensions) Dimensions in millimeters Length Width 900 1200 1500
(1 200) (x) 1 500 x 1 800 x x 2 000 x 2 100 x x 2 400 x x 2 500 x 2 700 x x 2 800 x 3 000 x x x (3 600) (X) (X) PS:579-2012 (R) ( 03 )
NOTES: 1. Where sheets are for use in dimensionally coordinated construction, the tolerances on length and width shall be expressed as negative deviations from the dimensions given in table 1 which shall be regarded as co-ordination dimensions. 2. The dimensions (width and length) shown in table 1 may be increased by 5mm/300mm (oversize sheets) for applications where the sheet is required to be cut by the user. 3. Values which are not in brackets are preferred sizes. 4. Other dimensions may be supplied by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
4.1.2 THICKNESS
The thickness range for standard sheets is: - Primary series(A series) : 3- 4- 5- 6- 8- 10- 12-15 20 – 25mm - Secondary series (B series): 3- 4, 5- 6 9- 12- 15- 20- 25mm
4.1.3 Tolerances on dimensions
On length and width: ± 0.4 % with a maximum of ± 5mm
These tolerances are not applicable to oversize sheets. The method of measurement is given in 5.1.2.
On thickness ‘e’ : - from 3 to 5 mm : ± 0.5mm - from 6 to 25 mm : ± 0.1 e mm (± 10%)
The maximum difference between extreme values of the thickness measurements within a sheet shall not exceed 10% of the maximum measured value.
The method of measurement is given in 5.1.3.
NOTE : Closer tolerances may be adopted by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
4.1.4 Tolerances on shape
(Not applicable to oversize sheets).
4.1.4.1 Straightness of edges
The tolerance on the straightness of edges in 2 mm/m for the relevant dimension (length or width). The method of measurement is given in 5.1.4.
Contd………….P/4 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 04 )
4.1.4.2 Squareness of edges.
The tolerance on square-ness of the edges is maximum 3 mm/m. The method of measurement is given in 5.1.5.
4.2 Mechanical characteristics:
In the test conditions defined in 5.3, the values of the bending strength which determine the category of the sheet shall be at least equal to the values shown in table 2.
4.3 Physical characteristics:
4.3.1. Density
In the test conditions laid down in 5.2.1, the sheets shall have a density at least equal to the value shown in table 3, depending on the category to which they belong.
TABLE 2 (Bending strength1)
Category Bending strength, N/mm2 of sheet Minimum values Loading parallel to the Loading perpendicular to asbestos fibres of the sheet the asbestos fibres of sheet 1 13 16
2 20 28
1. In the case where the direction of the fibres is difficult to identity (see 5.3.1), the lower value obtained shall be more than the value of the higher value shall not be less than corresponding value of the second column.
2. 1N/mm2 = 10.1972 kgf/cm2 = 145.038 m/lif/m2
TABLE 3 – (Densities)
Category of sheets Minimum density g/cm3 1 1.2
2 1.6
NOTE: 1g/cm3=62.428 1b/ft3
Contd………….P/5 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 05 )
5. METHOD OF TESTING:
5.1 Geometrical controls
5.1.1 Equipment
5.1.1.1 Smooth, flat inspection surface large enough to take the sheet.
Two metal rules may be fixed at right angles along the endges of the inspection surface. The straightness of each metal rule shall be at least 0.3mm/m and the right angle shall be accurate to at least 0.1 % (less than 1 mm deviation from normal per metre of length) or 0.001 rad.
Alternatively, a portable square may be used. The same requirements for straightness and angularity apply.
5.1.1.2 Suitable metal rulers, capable of being read to 0.5 mm.
5.1.1.3 Micrometer, reading at least to 0.05 mm with flat metal jaws at least 10 mm in diameter.
5.1.2 Measurement of width and length: For each dimension, carry out three measurements, avoiding taking the measurement over a local deformation which could be considered as a visual defect.
Smooth any rough area.
Verify that the temperature is 27 ± 2o C and the relative humidity (65 ± 5) %
Take each reading to the nearest 0.5 mm. Verify that each values is inside the tolerances given in 4.1.3.
5.1.3 Measurement of thickness.
Carry out three measurements at one end over width with the micrometer as indicated below.
Verify that the arithmetic mean of the three measurements is inside the tolerances given in 4.1.3.
Verify that the maximum difference between extreme values of the measurement is inside the tolerance given in 4.1.3.
Contd………….P/6 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 06 )
5.1.4 Measurement of the straightness of edges.
Apply the edge to the relevant arm of the square.
Measure to the nearest 0.5 mm, by means of a steel rule, the greatest separation between the edge of the sheet and the arm of the square. Tolerances given in 4.1.4.1 shall be taken into account.
5.1.5 Measurement of the out-of-square ness of the sheet. Place each of the four corners of the sheet in succession between the arms of the square keeping on the one hand the large side against the large arm and on the other hand the small side in contact with the small arm.
In this position, measure the distance of the apex of the corner from the small arm of the square. Consider the tolerance given in 4.1.4.2. 5.2 Physical tests 5.2.1 Determination of Density For preference, use as a test piece a specimen from bending test on instead a sample of equivalent dimensions. Determine the mass by drying out the test piece in a oven at 100 to 105o C until the difference between two consecutive weighings in an interval not less than 2 is less than 0.1g. Determine the volume using a method having an accuracy of 2 % ; in the case of immersion in water the test piece shall be saturated in water beforehand. 5.2.2 Expression of results The density is given by the formula M V Where m is the mass of the test piece after drying in gram V is the volume of the test piece, in cubic centimeter. It shall not be less than the values specified in table 3.
Contd………….P/7 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 07 )
5.3 Mechanical tests:
5.3.1 Bending strength.
5.3.1.1 Test pieces.
(a) Preparation
Cut two square test pieces at least 250 mm x 250 mm from each sample sheet.
(b) Cutting
The test pieces shall be cut from the same part of the sheet as shown in the drawing below (the distance of 200 mm is typical).
The fibre direction shall be marked on each of the test pieces
(c) Conditioning.
Immerse the test pieces for 24th in water at ambient temperature.
1. When the direction of the fibres is difficult to identify, it is permissible to carry out the bending test with the loading bar successively put on two perpendicular directions. Contd………….P/8 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 08 )
5.3.1.2 Test equipment
5.3.1.2.1 Load test machine fitted with a bending test attachment as detailed below.
(a) The bending test attachment shall have two parallel supports with a distance between their centres of 215 mm in the horizontal plane. The upper faces of the supports which are in contact with the specimen shall be rounded and shall have a radius of from 3mm to 25mm.
(b) A loading bar identical to the two supports shall be situated above the specimen so that it is parallel to the support and at an equal distance from each.
5.3.1.2.2 A micrometer reading to 0.1mm with flat metal jaws not less than 10mm in diameter.
5.3.1.3 Method of operation
Arrange the test piece with the underside against the supports and load the test piece along its center line by means of the loading bar.
Increase the load at a constant speed, so that breaking occurs after not less than 5 s.
Measure the thickness at two points along the section of breaking as indicated below.
Contd………….P/9 PS:579-2002 (R) ( 09 )
Re-assemble the broken pieces and submit to a second bending test with the line of load application at right angles to that of the first test. Measure the thickness of the test piece in two points along the new section of breakage as indicated below.
5.3.1.4 Expression of results.
The bending strength Rf is given, in newtons per square millimeters, by the formula.
R 3Pl f 2be2 Where
P is the breaking load in newtons; l is the distance between supports, in millimeters; b is the width of the test piece, in millimeters; e is the average thickness of the test piece (arithmetical average of the four measurements taken), in millimeters.
Express the results separately for each test. Consider the minimum values specified in table 2.
Contd………….P/10 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 10 )
6. MARKING:
The sheets shall be marked legibly and indelibly so as to show:
(i) Name of the manufacturer. (ii) Date of the manufacture (iii) Type, (iv) Each asbestos cement flat sheet may also be marked with PSQCA Certification Marks under license from PSQCA. The method of marking shall be stated in the manufacturers catalogue.
NOTE: The use of the PSQCA Certification Mark is governed by the provision of the Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Act No.VI of 1996 and the rules and regulations made under the Act – Products bearing PS Certification Marks are protected with the requirements of the relevant Standards under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control during production. Particular governing conditions under which a license for the use of PS Certification Mark may be granted to the manufacturers, may be obtained from the Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority.
7. SAMPLING, INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE
Enquiries and orders should specify whether or not acceptance tests are required and, if so, which tests. Other wise the purchaser is presumed not to require acceptance tests.
7.1 Inspection of each item of the consignment.
7.1.1 The required geometrical characteristics of the sheets should be verified on each item of the consignment if they do not comply with the acceptance requirement of PS:1551.
7.1.2 The sheets which do not satisfy the requirement when inspected as in 7.1.1. may be rejected.
7.2 Inspection by sampling
7.2.1 The required mechanical characteristics and the physical characteristics of the sheets should be verified if requested, by sampling.
7.2.2 The procedure in PS-1551 applies for the sampling inspection and acceptance. Each inspection lot should include only items of the same category and of the same thickness. The maximum and minimum inspection lots are agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser : failing such an agreement these should be 3000 and 400 sheets respectively.
Contd………….P/11 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 11 )
ANNEX – A ACCEPTANCE TESTS
A.1 CARRYHING OUT OF TESTS:
Unless agreed otherwise, the purchaser shall inform the manufacturer, when ordering, which tests (see clause 5) are required. The tests shall be carried out at a time and place fixed by agreement.
A.2 ACCESS TO THE WORKS:
The purchaser shall be have access to the place of testing and to the stocks for the sole purpose of inspecting and testing the materials which he has ordered at any time agreed with the manufacturer.
A.3 COSTS OF TESTING:
The tests specified in this Pakistan Standard only should be carried out at the expense of the manufacturer.
By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser when ordering, additional tests may be carried out at the purchaser’s expense, at the works or in an independent laboratory designated by agreement. The manufacturer should have the right to be represented.
A.4 INSPECTION OF EACH ITEM OF THE CONSIGNMENT:
In order to reduce the duration and the costs of the acceptance operations in practice, the inspection of the characteristics made on each item of the consignment (see 7.1.1) may, at the purchaser’s request, be replaced by an inspection by sampling.
In this case, if the inspection results tend towards the rejection of the lot, the manufacturer may ask for a 100 % inspection on all item of the consignment with regard to the failing characteristic (rejection according to 7.1.2).
A.5 PERIOD FOR TESTING :
All tests shall be completed before delivery of the consignment and at the latest four weeks after the date of sampling.
Contd………….P/12 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 12 )
A.6 MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATE :
A.6.1 Orders with acceptance test :
If a purchaser or his representative is not present at all or part of the tests, the manufacturer shall supply the purchaser with a certificate that the sheets satisfied the tests he was unable to witness.
A.6.2 Orders without acceptance test :
For orders without acceptance tests, the manufacturer is considered to have discharged his obligations on completion of delivery.
Contd………….P/13 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 13 )
EXTRACTS FROM PS: 1551 Asbestos-cement products – sampling and inspection
4. DIVISION OF A CONSIGNMENT INTO INSPECTION LOT
4.1 Homogeneous consignments :
4.1.1 Any homogeneous consignment (or sub-consignment, see 4.2) shall be divided by the manufacturer into inspection lots, the maximum size of which shall be as given in the relevant Pakistan Standard.
4.1.2 Any fraction of a consignment remaining after removal of the highest possible number of maximum inspection lots and any homogeneous consignment (or sub- consignment) smaller than the maximum lot size, shall form an inspection lot if larger than the minimum lot size given in the relevant Pakistan Standard.
4.1.3 Consignments of fractions of consignments smaller than the minimum lot size given in the relevant Pakistan Standard shall not be submitted to sampling and testing.
4.2 Non-homogeneous consignments :
Any consignment which is known to be or is expected to be non-homogeneous as regards any of the properties to be tested by sampling shall be divided by the manufacturer into assumed homogeneous sub-consignments prior to the division into inspection lots in accordance with 4.1.
5. SAMPLING:
5.1 From each inspection lot (4.1.1 and 4.1.2), the purchaser may draw a sample, the size of which is indicated in table 1 (see 5.2 and 5.3).
5.2 The entry to table 1 is the number of units of product in the inspection lot (column 1), the sample size being indicated in column 2.
5.3 For products where all units undergo a compulsory non-destructive test during manufacture 1), the reduced sample size obtained by entering table 1 at column 7 may be applied.
5.4 The possibility mentioned in 5.3 is also available when the manufacturer guarantees his production or has it guaranteed by an independent control organization2.
1. Such as the water tightness test for pipes. 2. For example, use of statistical quality control methods in the works.
Contd………….P/14 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 14 )
5.5 When test pieces are cut from the units of the same the cutting shall be carried out by the manufacturer in presence of the purchaser.
5.6 When the relevant Pakistan Standard calls more than one property to be tested, the sample size shall be appropriately multiplied so as to secure for each test a number of test pieces equal to the sample size (see 5.2 and 5.3). From one unit of a sample, one test piece only shall be cut for a particular test, but for different tests, the necessary test pieces may be cut from the same unit of the sample.
6. DETERMINATION OF ACCEPTABILITY OF INSPECTION LOTS.
6.1 Inspection by attributes :
6.1.1 When the number of non-conforming units found, in the sample is equal to or less than the acceptance number Ac1 indicated in column 3 of table 1, the inspection lot from which the sample was drawn shall be considered acceptable.
6.1.2 When the number of non-conforming units found in the sample is equal to or greater than the rejection number Re1 indicated in column 4 of table 1, this may justify rejection of the inspection lot.
6.1.3 When the number of non-conforming units found in the sample lies between the acceptance number and the rejection number (column 3 and 4 of table 1), a second sample of the same size as the initial sample (5.2, 5,3 and 5.4) shall be drawn and examined.
6.1.4 The second sample shall be inspected as indicated in 5.5 and 5.6.
6.1.5 The number of non-conforming units is found in the initial and in the second samples shall be totaled.
6.1.6 If the total number of non-conforming units is equal to or less than the acceptance number Ac2 indicated in column 5 of table 1, the inspection lot shall be considered acceptable.
6.1.7 If the total number of non-conforming units is equal to or greater than the second rejection number Re2 indicated in column 6 of table 1, this may justify rejection of the inspection lot.
6.1.8 When the relevant Pakistan Standard calls for more than one property to be tested, the second sample taken (see 6.1.3) shall only be inspected in accordance with those tests which at the inspection of the initial sample gave numbers of nonconforming units between the acceptance number Ac1 and the rejection number Re1.
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