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PS:579-2012- 3RD(R) ICS No.91.100.40 PAKISTAN STANDARD PRODUCTS IN FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT (ASBESTOS-CEMENT FLAT SHEETS) (3RD REVISION) (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED) PAKISTAN STANDARDS AND QUALITY CONTROL AUTHORITY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (STANDARDIZATION WING), 1st FLOOR, ST-7-A, BLOCK-3 GULISTAN-E-JAUHAR Karachi . STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (CIVIL ENGINEERING DIVISION LIST OF MEMBE4RS FOR THE SECTIONAL COMMITTEE “ASBESTOS CEMENT PRODUCTS” Engr. Asim Aleem The Registrar, Chief Executive Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC), Aleem & Company Attaturk Avenue (East) G-5/2 Builders & Developers Islamabad. A-3, Memon Square NIPA The Secretary, Gulishan-e-Iqbal Institution of Engineer Pakistan, Karachi. Karachi Centre 177/2, Liaquat Barracks, 4th Floor, I.E.P. Building, Engr. Tahseen Ahmed Karachi. Chief Executive M/s. Logix The Chairman, Project Managers Consultants Advisors Association of Builders & Developers, C-24-C, Sunset Lane # 2, ST – 1/D, Block – 16, Phase II (Ext) Gulistan-e-Johar Defence Housing Authority Karachi Karachi. The Vice Chancellor, The Director General Mehran University Environmental Protection Agency, of Engineering & Technology Plot # ST -2/1, Sector 23, Jamshoro. Korangi Industrial Area, Karachi The Vice Chancellor, Quaid-e-Awam University, Ref. No SDC-2/BDC-10/08 of Engineering & Technology, The Director, Nawabshah. Quality Control Centre, Block # 77, Pakistan Secretariat, The Vice Chancellor, Karachi. University of Karachi, University Road, The Chairman Karachi. Council for Works & Housing Research, F – 40, S. I. T. E. The Vice Chancellor Karachi. University of Sindh, Jamshoro. Engr. Syed Ali Council for Works & Housing Research, The Vice President, F – 40, S. I. T. E., NESPAK, Karachi. 14th Floor of NIC Building Off Abbasi Shaheed Road, The Director, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Karachi. ST – 17, Block – II Gulistan-e-Jauhar, Chief Engineer, Karachi. NESPAK, 14th Floor of NIC Building Off Abbasi Shaheed Road, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi. Engr. Tasnim Ahmed Qazi, The Managing Director Technical Manager (Q.A) KW & SB Dadex Eternit Limited, 9th Mile Karsaz Deh – 22 S.I.T.E., Manghopir Road, Karachi. Karachi. The Secretary General/CEO, The Director General, Federation of Pakistan, PCSIR Laboratory Complex, Chamber of Commerce & Industries, Off: University Road, Federation House, Main Clifton, Karachi. Karachi. Mr. Aamir Nizam Prof. Ashraf Kamal Lab. Engineer in Civil Engg., Department, Assistant Professor, N.E.D. University of Engg. & Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi. University Road, Karachi. Mr. Anwar Ahmed Khan, House # A-19, Raw G, Block-1 Gulshan-e-Kaneez Fatima Gulshan Town Karachi. Engr. Rizwan-ur-Rehman Principal Engineer PCSIR, 4/G, Block-6, P.E.C.H.S., Karachi. Engr. Mumtaz Ali Lashari The Assistant Director, Building (Design Bureau), Hyderabad Development Authority, Hyderabad. The Registrar Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi Mr. Ijaz Shaikh Antiquites Department 7th Floor Building # 01, New Building Sindh Secretariat Karachi Engr. Farid Ahmed Soomro Chief Engineer (I.P.D.,) KW & SB Scheme 33 Gulshan-e-Iqbal Near Civic Centre, Karachi Assistant Director (SBCA) Sindh Building Control Authority Hyderabad Region, Hyderabad. PS:579-2012 (R) C O N T E N T S SL:No. PAGE 0. Foreword 1 1. Scope 2 2. Field of application 2 3. References 2 4. Characteristics 2 5. Methods of Testing 5 6. Marking 10 7. Sampling, Inspection & acceptance 10 Annexes: A. Acceptance Test 11 B. Extracts from PS-1551, Asbestos-cement 13 Products-sampling and inspection PS:579-2012 (R) PAKISTAN STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR PRODUCTS IN FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT (ASBESTOS-CEMENT FLAT SHEETS) (2ND REVISION) 0. FOREWORD: 0.1 This Pakistan Standard was revised by the Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority after the draft prepared by the Technical Committee for Asbestos Cement Products (BDC-10) has been approved on 21-12-2011, and endorsed by the National Standards Committee on 12th April, 2012. 0.2 This Pakistan Standard No.579 was first prepared in 1966 based on ISO:396/1 which was first revised in 1980. The validated Pakistan Standard in also based on ISO:396/1 and its use is acknowledged with thanks. While reviewing the standard, the committee has confirmed it in July, 2002. Presently the committee has confirmed to this PSS as 3rd Revision in April, 2012. 0.3 The acceptance tests and extracts of PS-1551 relating to the Standard have been described in Annexure A and B respectively. 0.4 In preparing and reviewing this Pakistan Standard the views and suggestions of all the interests have been taken into consideration. 0.5 This Pakistan Standard is subject to periodical review an order to keep pace with development in industry. Any suggestions for the improvement will be recorded and placed before the review committee. 0.6 Warning Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precaution, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.” Contd………….P/2 (02) 1. S C O P E : This Pakistan Standard Specified the characteristics of asbestos-cement flat sheets, and establishes the control and testing methods for the verification and determination of the specified values. The sheets are classified in two categories according to the value of the minimum bending strength. NOTE: For cellular asbestos cement flats sheet, see PS:3053/91 2. FIELD OF APPLICATION: This Pakistan Standard is applicable to asbestos-cement flat sheets consisting essentially of Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening) conforming to PS:232, reinforced by asbestos fibres to which other fibres may be added. Fillers and pigments which are compatible with asbestos cement may be added. It is not applicable to the following products: a) cellulose asbestos-cement flat sheets; b) so;oca asnestps-cement flat sheets; c) non-combustible fibre reinforced board, boards of calcium silicate or cement for insulation and fire protection. 3. REFERENCES: PS-1551, Asbestos-Cement products-Sampling and inspection. PS:ISO:1006, Modular Co-ordination-Basic module. 4. CHARACTERISTICS: 4.1 Geometrical characteristics 4.1.1 Dimensions T A B L E - 1 (Dimensions) Dimensions in millimeters Length Width 900 1200 1500 (1 200) (x) 1 500 x 1 800 x x 2 000 x 2 100 x x 2 400 x x 2 500 x 2 700 x x 2 800 x 3 000 x x x (3 600) (X) (X) PS:579-2012 (R) ( 03 ) NOTES: 1. Where sheets are for use in dimensionally coordinated construction, the tolerances on length and width shall be expressed as negative deviations from the dimensions given in table 1 which shall be regarded as co-ordination dimensions. 2. The dimensions (width and length) shown in table 1 may be increased by 5mm/300mm (oversize sheets) for applications where the sheet is required to be cut by the user. 3. Values which are not in brackets are preferred sizes. 4. Other dimensions may be supplied by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 4.1.2 THICKNESS The thickness range for standard sheets is: - Primary series(A series) : 3- 4- 5- 6- 8- 10- 12-15 20 – 25mm - Secondary series (B series): 3- 4, 5- 6 9- 12- 15- 20- 25mm 4.1.3 Tolerances on dimensions On length and width: ± 0.4 % with a maximum of ± 5mm These tolerances are not applicable to oversize sheets. The method of measurement is given in 5.1.2. On thickness ‘e’ : - from 3 to 5 mm : ± 0.5mm - from 6 to 25 mm : ± 0.1 e mm (± 10%) The maximum difference between extreme values of the thickness measurements within a sheet shall not exceed 10% of the maximum measured value. The method of measurement is given in 5.1.3. NOTE : Closer tolerances may be adopted by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 4.1.4 Tolerances on shape (Not applicable to oversize sheets). 4.1.4.1 Straightness of edges The tolerance on the straightness of edges in 2 mm/m for the relevant dimension (length or width). The method of measurement is given in 5.1.4. Contd………….P/4 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 04 ) 4.1.4.2 Squareness of edges. The tolerance on square-ness of the edges is maximum 3 mm/m. The method of measurement is given in 5.1.5. 4.2 Mechanical characteristics: In the test conditions defined in 5.3, the values of the bending strength which determine the category of the sheet shall be at least equal to the values shown in table 2. 4.3 Physical characteristics: 4.3.1. Density In the test conditions laid down in 5.2.1, the sheets shall have a density at least equal to the value shown in table 3, depending on the category to which they belong. TABLE 2 (Bending strength1) Category Bending strength, N/mm2 of sheet Minimum values Loading parallel to the Loading perpendicular to asbestos fibres of the sheet the asbestos fibres of sheet 1 13 16 2 20 28 1. In the case where the direction of the fibres is difficult to identity (see 5.3.1), the lower value obtained shall be more than the value of the higher value shall not be less than corresponding value of the second column. 2. 1N/mm2 = 10.1972 kgf/cm2 = 145.038 m/lif/m2 TABLE 3 – (Densities) Category of sheets Minimum density g/cm3 1 1.2 2 1.6 NOTE: 1g/cm3=62.428 1b/ft3 Contd………….P/5 PS:579-2012 (R) ( 05 ) 5. METHOD OF TESTING: 5.1 Geometrical controls 5.1.1 Equipment 5.1.1.1 Smooth, flat inspection surface large enough to take the sheet.
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  • Departmental Museums at the University of Karachi; Exposure and Exploitation

    Departmental Museums at the University of Karachi; Exposure and Exploitation

    MUSEOLOGIA 3: 89-94 Departmental museums at the University of Karachi; exposure and exploitation NARGIS RASHID* Resumo Os museus sâo locais onde sobretudo se aprende, desempenhando um papel crucial na sensibilizaçào das sociedades para o patrimònio cultural e natural. A necessidade do estabelecimento de museus existe desde a criaçâo da Universidade de Karachi (Paquistâo), em 1951. Após a indispensâvel reuniâo das condiçôes financeiras e das respectivas colecçôes, foram criados diversos museus destinados ao ensino. Presentemente, os museus dos departamentos de Botànica, Geologia, História Geral (Arqueologia), Sociologia (Etnologia) e Zoologia encontram-se adormecidos. As razôes sâo de diversa ordem e vâo desde a falta de recursos, à necessidade de modernizaçâo, à negligência administrativa e à falta de urna estratégia clara para atrair estudantes. Este artigo descreve e explica a actual situaçâo deplorâvel dos museus departamentais da Universidade de Karachi e esboça algumas ideias para o seu futuro. Abstract Museums are centres of learning. They play a significant role in the projection of cultural and natural heritage and can increase awareness among the masses. When it was established in 1951, academics in several departments at the University of Karachi felt the need for a Museum. Funds were raised and material was collected to set up educational museums for the instruction of students. At present the museums of the Botany, Geology, Geography, General History, Sociology, and Zoology Departments are well-nigh dormant. There are several reasons for this, such as organizational and administrative neglect, lack of funds, lack of upgrading, and lack of an adequate programme to attract students. The aim of this paper is to clarify the causes of this deplorable situation and to develop ideas for future improvement.