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La Bataille De La Prairie

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La Bataille De La Prairie Le 3 août, Callière traversa le fleuve Saint-Laurent avec sa petite armée composée de 15 compagnies franches de la Marine et quelques-unes des meilleures milices de Montréal. Ce corps d’armée considérable pour l’époque était aussi accompagné de nos précieux alliés ; les Abénakis, les Outaouais, les Hurons3, et les Algonquins de l’intrépide Routine. Également présent, les Iroquois chrétiens ou Agniers4 du Sault-Saint-Louis (Kahnawa:ke) et leurs frères de la Mission de la Montagne qui étaient accompagnés, comme d’habitude, de leur aumônier militaire, le sulpicien Robert-Michel Guay. En tout, Callière avait avec lui un minimum de 750 soldats et miliciens, ainsi que 300 à 400 guerriers5 pour attendre l’ennemi « de pied ferme » à La Prairie. Après une longue semaine d’attente et voulant attirer les ennemis dans un guet-apens « entre deux, afin qu’ils ne nous échappassent pas », Callière dépêcha tôt le vendredi 10 août au fort Chambly, « l’endroit par où les ennemis devaient venir », son meilleur commandant de bataillon, Philippe Clément NOS ALLIÉS du Vuault sieur de Valrennes et ses troupes d’élite. Valrennes ainsi que le commandant du fort Chambly, Raymond Blaise «SAUVAGES» sieur Des Bergères, avaient reçu leurs ordres de bataille pour contrer les envahisseurs; «ordre de les laisser passer et de les suivre en queue ». Avant-gardes et éclaireurs sur les cinq ET LA GRANDE lieues du sentier La Prairie / Chambly, les valeureux Routine, Ouéouaré et Hono8enhag ainsi que leurs guerriers étaient le fer BATAILLE de lance de ce bataillon d’élite6, guidant l’importante expédition militaire sur sa dangereuse mission que tous savaient très DE LA PRAIRIE cruciale et décisive. Monsieur Louis de Buade comte de Frontenac, gouverneur de la Nouvelle-France, qualifia la très violente et sanglante par Albert LeBeau confrontation du lendemain comme suit : « Depuis Pendant l’interminable guerre Franco-Iroquoise (1687- l’établissement de la colonie, il ne s’est rien passé en 7 1701), nos alliés Algonquins se rendaient chaque année Canada d’aussi fort ni de si vigoureux ». à la grande foire aux fourrures de Montréal. Au mois Entre temps au fort La Prairie, surpris par l’imposante présence de juillet 1691, les Algonquins du nord; les Abitibiwinnis de l’armée française, le major Schuyler et ses hommes et les Temiskamings descendaient la Grande Rivière « noserent pas sangager à la face de tant de monde » et (l’Outaouais) pour se rendre de nouveau à Montréal fuirent La Prairie « with all haste » pour se rendre à leurs canots et ils étaient encore dirigés par leur grand capitaine situés près des vestiges d’un ancien fort français; aujourd’hui de guerre que les Français surnommaient « Routine ». St-Jean-sur-Richelieu. C’est sur le sentier du retour que Schuyler et ses troupes new-yorkaises affrontèrent le bataillon Tout au long de son parcours, Routine s’allia ses frères du commandant de Valrennes. Algonquins et Outaouais, tant ceux de Michilimakinac, de l’Isle-aux-Allumettes ainsi que ceux de la Petite-Nation En effet, alerté par le signal des coups de cannons, les et d’ailleurs, pour ainsi mieux résister à toute attaque Français et leurs alliés revenus du fort Chambly les attendaient ou embuscade iroquoise. en formation de pointage à mi-chemin derrière une barricade et des abattis situés sur un coteau en forme de « half moon ». L’arrivée de Routine en 1691 s’avéra providentielle pour la petite Valrennes affirma que « les ennemis marchaient avec colonie française et Louis-Hector de Callière, le gouverneur précipitation, croyant par leurs cris nous étonner, ils vinrent militaire de Montréal. Callière avait appris de ses espions1 que donner jusqu’à la portée du pistolet (30 pieds) du retranche- le maire d’Albany, Pieter Schuyler, était à la tête d’une armée ment et de la décharge du premier rang; il leur tomba plus composée de 400 à 500 soldats, y compris des Mohawks, de trente hommes; ce grand feu ne les étonna pourtant pas, des Onneiouts (Oneidas) et des Mohicans. Cette armée devait et les Anglais et Agniers revinrent jusqu’à trois fois à la charge faire jonction avec une autre de 500 Iroquois surtout composée et après une heure et demie de combat, ils se retirèrent ». de Tsonnontouans (Senecas) des Grands-Lacs2, pour attaquer Valrennes dit aussi qu’il y eut « grande tuerie de part et d’autre » le petit village palissadé de La Prairie-de-la-Magdeleine et, et que «nos soldats de la Marine s’y distinguèrent aussi si possible, Montréal qui ne comptait que 650 habitants français beaucoup et l’émulation qu’il y avait entre les Français et les à l’intérieur de ses fortifications. Sauvages faisait faire à chacun parfaitement son devoir ». 2 VOLUME XXVI, NUMÉRO 8, OCTOBRE 2014 Quoique l’ennemi fut presque deux fois seigneurie de La Prairie-de la-Magdeleine, 6 Le commandant Pieter Schuyler évalue ce bataillon plus nombreux, «les Mohicans qui ne ainsi que la déroute complète des troupes à 340 hommes; les Français à deux compagnies d’élite s’attendaient pas à une si vigoureuse new-yorkaises étaient un point tournant de la Marine, une commandée par le capitaine Claude Guillouet, sieur d’Orvilliers et l’autre par le capitaine résistance, lachèrent un peu le pied ». dans ce conflit de guérilla sans fin, et elle Nicolas Daneau, sieur de Muy et les deux compagnies C’est alors que le téméraire « Routine et établissait le premier jalon de ce qui allait de la milice de Montréal commandées par Jean-Vincent sa bande croyant les entourer et mettre mener à la signature de la Grande Paix LeBer sieur Du Chesne, au total 160 à 180 Français sans en déroute fut lui-même repoussé par les de Montréal en 1701. compter nos « Sauvages» ... donc de conclure que nos ennemis; ce fut là que se fit une espèce alliés étaient presque aussi nombreux que les Français de mêlée, chacun quittant son poste À nous d’en conserver le souvenir lors de cette bataille. Le lieutenant Gédéon de Catalogne (derrière la barricade) pour se battre car, comme nous, nos alliés ne affirma que M. de Callière envoya un détachement de trois cents, tant soldats Canadiens et sauvages, à coup de main, (l’épée, le tomahawk, cherchaient pas la gloire, mais la commandés par M. de Valrennes. la hachette ou le casse-tête), mais après sécurité et le mieux-être de leur pays. 7 Nous pouvons donc en conclure que Frontenac affirma une heure et demi de combat les Anglais De ce qui fut aussi leur victoire naquit que la bataille de La Prairie avait été plus importante (Iroquois païens et Mohicans) furent notre fierté et certainement une des (plus fort et plus vigoureux) que l’affrontement qui contraints de se débander, et la déroute plus grandes épopées de l’histoire eut lieu l’année précédente à Québec! À savoir en fut entière » 8. de la Nouvelle-France9. 1690 lors de l’invasion navale et des multiples tentatives de débarquements avortés de la flotte anglaise, où Frontenac répondit à un ultimatum de l’Amiral Phips avec un retentissant « Je vous répondrai par la bouche 1 « Atavia:ta» était son espion de confiance suite au de mes cannons! ». départ de « La Plaque», le neveu du Grand Agnier – 8 Selon le sieur de Bénac, « Le samedi 11 août nous Atahsa:ta, qui était en France au moment de ces fust avantageux ... par la bravoure et sage conduite événements. Atavia:ta « eut avis par quelques-uns des de monsieur de Vallerenne et le courage des siens, ennemis, qu’ils faisaient un gros mouvement pour venir quelques Sauvages du Sault et de Lorette ont aussi fondre sur la colonie». Cette information cruciale est fait merveilles en cet rencontre et un y a esté tué en confirmée par Cornelius Clatie, un prisonnier Anglais de exortant tout le monde à combattre pour la foy». Canastagione, N.Y. amené à Montréal à la mi-juillet 1691. Il s’agit bien ici de Sagenn:ha du Sau (Hono8enhag), 2 Selon History of the New Netherlands, « Led by Major part ailleurs, nous croyons que le capitaine de Schuyler, the Mohawks, Oneidas, and some Mohicans guerre des Agniers de la Montagne lors de cette proceeded by Lake Champlain; the Senecas,Cayugas bataille était le dénommé Tiorhathatiron. and the Onondagas were to come by the Saint-Lawrence 9 Gédéon de Catalogne, sous-ingénieur du roy et lieutenant river». Heureusement pour la colonie française, de la Marine, affirma que les Français perdirent 37 des à la suite d’une mauvaise planification, cette jonction leurs lors de cette grande bataille; alors de conclure avec les Tsonnontouans (Senecas) et autres Iroquois que nos alliés sauvages en perdirent presque autant ne s’est jamais concrétisée. Mais, tout comme l’année en sus de leurs nombreux blessés. Lors de la première précédente pour Johannes Schuyler, le frère de Pieter, un confrontation à La Prairie, il affirma aussi: « qu’il y eu Selon Frontenac, « Les ennemis ont Mohawk nommé Karistagio (Christagio ou Caristasio) quelques morts, parmis ceux-ci six de nos Outaouais ». été obligés de plier et se sont retirés guiderait de nouveau l’expédition new-yorkaise vers La Prairie-de-la-Magdeleine. en grand désordre après avoir eu plus de 120 hommes tués sur la place, 3 Commandé par « Ouéouaré» ami personnel du Gouverneur Louis de Buade Comte de Frontenac d’avantage de blessés et laissé quelques et ancien Sachem (1687) déchu des Iroquois prisonniers et un de leurs drapeaux ... Goyogouins (Cayugas des Grands-Lacs). Valrennes a conserver la gloire des armes 4 Commandé par « Hono8enhag» grand dogique du du Roi et procurer un grand avantage au Sault-Saint-Louis (Kahnawa:ke), également connu sous le pays».
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