1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4853 scale, the adulterated product, and the ex· The Clerk read as follows: As the President has now stated, our ploitation of violence as entertainment. MARcH 25, 1963. immediate policy is the isolation of Cuba. In our national effort not to seem gullible, I hereby designate the Honorable CARL It is gratifying to see that one of the not to seem vulnerable to criticism from .ALBERT to act as Speaker pro tempore today. any quarter, to avoid controversy, and to topics discussed at Costa Rica included JoHN w. McCoRMACK, measures I have long recommended as prove that we are "realists" who do not Speaker of the House of Representatives. "go oft half-cocked," we have developed a r.ecessary to place Cuba in solitary con moral gap between the beliefs to which we finement--namely the ban on movement subscribe and our actual day-to-day per· PRAYER of Castro agents and propaganda, and formance. This moral gap can become an the restriction of Cuban Government increasing danger to our survival as a free The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, funds. society. D.D., offered the following prayer: It is in this context that I see a special Mr. Speaker, I urge that the United responsibility and opportunity for American I John 2: 17: He that doeth the will States assume the first step of leader Negroes. For in the course of removing our of God abideth forever. ship by closing U.S. ports to nations national curse of racial discrimination, the Eternal God, our Father, grant that which engage in sea trade with Cuba, Negro can force all Americans of good con· the motives, which daily impel our then make the following proposals to science to reexamine their own sense of thoughts and actions and the aims and the OAS for adoption by the nations of values. aspirations, which dominate our lives, this hemisphere: And so the leaders in the civil rights strug First, close hemispheric seaports to gle can help to bridge the dangerous gap may not be at variance with Thy will which increasingly exists between beliefs and and the true, the beautiful, and the good. nations engaged in sea trade with Cuba, actions. They can reawaken in their fel Inspire us with a passionate desire to Second, close hemispheric airports to low Americans a commitment to the moral devote and dedicate our strength of body, airlines :flying into Cuba, objectives on which our society was mind, and heart to every worthy enter Third, ban movement of Castro agents founded-and this reawakening can give a prise and forward movement that will and propaganda throughout Latin new tone, a new vigor, and a new honesty minister to the health and happiness of America, to the American Nation. all mankind. Fourth, ban relay of unomcial tele Regardless of color, most Americans now know in their hearts that the time for ex· May we never seek to avoid and es· communications messages to and from planations is over and that the time for cape our responsibilities to have a share Cuba, and action is here on the great frontier of civil in promoting not only the material and Fifth, freeze Cuban Government funds rights. physical welfare of humanity but in ele now on deposit in Latin American finan The challenge to the American Negro is vating and enforcing its moral and spir cial institutions. enormous. itual well-being. Mr. Speaker, adoption of this plan by Today we see him increasingly accept that To Thy Name, through Christ Jesus, the Organization of American States challenge, and in so doing set a standard our Lord, we shall give all the praise and would effectively place Cuba in solitary for all Americans to follow .. glory. Amen. confinement. Isolation of Cuba is now a matter of omcial u.s. policy, and the ADJOURNMENT UNTffi THURSDAY above steps are our only immediate re THE JOURNAL course to the Cuban problem short of an Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, if The Journal of the proceedings of act of war. there is no further business to come be Thursday, March 21, 1963, was read and If we are serious about fighting com fore the Senate, I move that the Senate approved. munism in this hemisphere, we will act adjourn, under the previous order, until quickly in the coming days with a con noon on Thursday of this week. centrated, hard-driving campaign to The motion was agreed to; and
Peace was not yet destined for the As a member of. the North Atlantic works program anoth~r year. On Feb war-weary Greeks. 'Guerrilla bands 1n Treaty Organization. it is a link in the ruary 4, I introduced H.R. 3311 provid the north, lured by Communist propa chain encompassing .the ·Soviet bloc, a ing that an additional $90.0 . million be ganda and promises, refused to surren bulwark for democracy and the ·free authorized beyond the $900 million cur der their arms to the central Govern world. The United States has strategic rently authorized for the accelerated ment. Abetted by aid from Yugoslavia bases on the Greek mainland. The public works program. and Bulgaria, these Communist bands eountry joined NATO in order to in Mr. Speaker, we have already seen the seized towns and carried out acts of ter crease its security against Communist beneficial results from this program. rorism against those loyal to the regime aggression frotn within and without. Men have been put back to work on in Athens. To insure complaisance in With the combined allied weapons to useful, productive work. More than the regions under their control, children support its claims, Greek security is that, these projects--water and sewer were captured and held as hostages. It thus safeguarded. lines, sewage treatment systems, public has been estimated that over 24,000 boys Greece continues to be a bridge be buildings, streets, and other projects, and girls had been spirited into Yugo tween Europe and Asia. Militarily, be have made communities all over the Na slavia and Albania by the guerrillas. cause of its strategic location, it is the tion better places to live and more at The Communist forces were so success link between NATO and CENTO. Its tractive to the expansion of industry. ful as to lay .siege to Athens. On De people, though, have remained primarily I therefore urge that Congress take cember 24, 1947, the Communist leader unchanged. As in 1821, Greece is a action to appropriate the $500 million Markos VifiRdes felt confident enough nation of small farmers. With all its requested by the President, and also to to proclaim a provisional government. extend the authorization of the accel The central Government, an unwork contributions to civilization, the average Greek tilled his few acres and raised erated public works act. able coalition, was unable to decide on Perhaps the excellent report of Gen a course of action. Moreover, when the enough food to support his family. Pop ulation increases have demanded that eral Clay on foreign aid will give the army did take to the field, obsolete meth Congress some ideas on how we may ods and armaments proved ineffective every available acre be cultivated. Where none existed, terraced plots were obtain the necessary funds to carry on against the elusive guerrillas. the accelerated public works program. On March 12, 1947, President Truman hacked from the mountain sides or asked and received from Congress au gorges. Unfortunately, the land could thority for immediate financial and eco not support its own people. Emigrants SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDU nomic aid to Greece. This commitment, by the hundreds of thousands left their CATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON known as the Truman Doctrine, proved homeland and settled in other parts of EDUCATION AND LABOR to be the catal_yst for effective action the globe. Those who came to America brought with them their religion and Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speak against the Communists. By 1949, with er, I ask unanimous consent that the the defection by Yugoslavia from the So their crafts. Throughout the United States, Greeks and descendents of Greek Special Subcommittee on Education of viet bloc and the closing of its border the Committee on Education and Labor to the Greek guerrillas, the last of the immigrants .form an integral part of the community, be it mayor, representative, be permitted to sit during general debate Communists had surrendered or had fled today and the balance of the week. into Albania. restaurateur, or wine grower. These people of Greek origin have been told · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there At the conclusion ·Of the civil war the objection to the request of the gentle Government was able to turn its atten the story of how their forefathers fought for liberty during the war of independ woman from Oregon? tion to internal development and the There was no objection. alleviation of the financial crisis caused ence in their homeland. They know by the two wars. It was only by means that the Greek nation celebrates its in of massive aid from the United States dependence day on ~reb 25, the day HOUSE SMALL BUSINESS (almost $1 bill1on granted under the Eu when the glorious struggle for freedom COMMITTEE began. We in the United States, whose ropean recovery program and other aid Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan programs) that recoyery was e~ected. own forefathers strove for Greek sov ereignty, extend to our friends and allies imous consent that the House Small A visitor touring Greece today sees much Business Committee be permitted to sit construction work. Port facilities, piles in the Hellenes greetings on their inde pendence day. We, too, remember our during general debate on March 26, 27, of rubble a few years ago, have now been and .28 of this week. cleared and enlarged to accommodate past and -salute with pride the Greek increased shipping. Large factories rose nation. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman in the dties and the countryside to in from Teru1essee? crease an already expanding industrial ACCELERATED PUBLIC WORKS There was no objection. production. . PROGRAM SHOULD BE EX Perhaps the most phenomenal recov . PANDED ery has been. the merchant marine. In DENIAL TO THE FEDERAL COURTS 1946 the fleet totaled only 500,000 tons. Mr. HEC:Efi.JER. Mr. Speaker, I ask OF JURISDICTION IN LEGISLA Today shipping is surpassing the 5 mil unanimous consent to address the House TIVE REAPPORTIONMENT CASES lion ton mark. The Greek flag, a white for 1 minute, and to revise and extend cr.oss and horizontal stripes on a field of my remarks. Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- blue, .is seen in ports-of -call throughout The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there imous consent to extend my remarks at the world, .1lying from the masts of objection to the-request of the gentleman this point in the RECORD and include freighters, tankers, and liners. from West Virginia? extraneous matter. Tourism, ioo, bas played an important There was no objection. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there part in Greece's resurgence. Emphasis · Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, Presi objection to the request of the gentleman is placed on the ruins of their ancient dent Kennedy on Saturday called atten from Oklahoma? past. In Athens the Acropolis and the tion to the seriousness of the unemploy There wa.s no objection. partly restored Agora are the major at ment problem, which he termed the Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, I am intro tractions. Dramas are held in the Ro Nation's No. 1 domestic problem for the ducing today a joint resolution providing man theater built on the side of the 1960's. for an amendment to the Constitution of Acropolis by one of Rome's conquering · The proposed tax cut will certainly the United States recently proposed in a Emperors. Elsewhere, Delphia and the provide a stimulus to economic activity. resolution adopted by the Oklahoma ancient Greek city-states of Thebes, Cor But the extension of the accelerated Legislature. inth, and Sparta, receive their share of public works program would have more This proposed amendment would deny the tourists' curiosity. -A booming resort immediate and tangible effects than a to the Federal courts jurisdiction in leg center is attracting many to Rhodes, tax cut. I believe that Congress should islative reapportionment cases in States where Greco-Roman architecture min not only appropriate the $500 million affording direct initiative by the _people gles with Crusader fortification. wbich · the .President has requested to in voting .on this subject. It would re To America and the Western World~ meet the current authorization. but strict Federal court activity in this tradi Greece is more than just a tourist spot. should extend the accelerated public tionally State area to cases in which a ~858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 State does not provide to its citizens a I ask that the Greek Government make 8 months-to February' 28, 1963-actual procedure whereby they can directly ini a full public disclosure of the number of budget revenues exceeded the corre tiate a vote on State legislative reappor vessels flying the Greek flag which are sponding 8 months of fiscal 1962-to tionment. under time-charter contracts to anyone February 28, 1962-by $4,051,000,000. Control of this issue by the people is who has shipped cargo to Cuba during To reach the net budget revenue pre fundamental to our P'ederal system. the past 12 months. That disclosure diction of $85,500,000,000 for fiscal 1963 This is basically the business of the peo should include such time-charter con will require net revenues of $33,537,000,- ple, not of the Federal courts, and as long tracts with any government or individ 000 in the 4 months, March-June 1963. as a State provides a rational means for ual. That disclosure also should divulge In the corresponding 4 months of fiscal the people to express their will the Fed the length of time left on each contract 1962, net budget revenues were $33,497,- eral courts should stay out. for every vessel authorized to sail under 000,000. This proposal is not an attack on the the Greek flag which has carried any BUDGET EXPENDITURES Tennessee decision of the U.S. Supreme cargo to Cuba during the past 12 months. Budget expenditures are om.cially pro Court. In cases where there is no re Anything less will confirm my judgment, jected at $94,311,000,000 for the fiscal course of initiative from the acts of the and the judgment of any reasonable per year 1963 ending this June 30-an in State legislature the amendment would son who understands the realities of in crease of $6,524,000,000 over actual not apply. ternational commerce, that the royal de budget expenditures for fiscal 1962, of It may be that the Supreme Court does cree is made meaningless by the second which $1,901 million is for national de not now have jurisdiction in this field. paragraph of the news release which I fense and $4,623,000,000 is for other than But I believe the Oklahoma Legislature have quoted. This is a necessary dis national defense. is right in its stand that a point of such closure, a practical disclosure to which Through the first 8 months-to Feb significance should be specifically re the American people are entitled, con ruary 28, 1963-actual budget expendi solved. cerned as they are by the Russian beach head in Cuba. tures exceed the corresponding 8 months The record shows that the American of fiscal 1962-to February 28, 1962- THE ROYAL GREEK DECREE people, among other things, have con by $4,644,000,000, of which $2,323,000,000 Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask tributed nearly $3¥2 billion to Greece is for national defense and $2,412,000,000 unanimous consent to address the House since 1945. The Presidential advisory is for other than national defense. for 1 minute and to revise and extend committee, which has made its report to AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURES my remarks. the President, makes note of the fact Using straight averages in both in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there that Greece stands lOth among all the stances, the table discloses that expendi objection to the request of the gentleman nations of the world in terms of the tures during the first 8 months of fiscal from Ohio? amount of money received from the 1963 averaged $7,757,000,000-slightly There was no objection. American taxpayers. less than the projected average of $7,- Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, it was No one, in honesty, can say that the 859,000,000 for the full fiscal year of 1963 with great pleasure that I read a release American people have not been generous based on the om.cial budget estimate of from the Royal Greek Embassy and In toward the Greek nation in its hour of expenditures-a little less for national formation Service dated March 16 an greatest need, as they have been gener defense items and also slightly less for nouncing that "a royal decree has been ous to all who are willing to fight for nonnational defense items. issued banning vessels under Greek flag freedom. That record suggests that the To reach the net budget expenditure from carrying any kind of cargo to Cuban Greek Government should move with prediction of $94,311,000,000 for fiscal ports." My enthusiasm rose as I com haste to make public the information 1963, net budget expenditures in the 4 pleted reading the first paragraph. Im which I have requested. Any response months March 1-June 30, 1963, would mediately I was reminded of President short of 48 hours would make an equal have to aggregate at least $32,249,000,- Truman's determined action to save sham of the word "haste." 000-in other words, a monthly average Greece in their hour of greatest peril. of at least $8,062,000,000 during the 4- President Truman engaged in no if's, month period as against the actual and's, or but's. He made no exceptions. SUMMARY OF THE NET BUDGET monthly average of $7,757,000,000 in the He decided the road ahead was clear-we RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE first 8 months of fiscal 1963. Thus the must not permit the Communist take TRENDS (THE ADMINISTRATIVE monthly average in the 4 months, over of Greece. Pursuant to his deter BUDGET) IN CURRENT FISCAL March-June, could rise $305,000,000 mined stand, he initiated a historic 1963 (AS OF FEBRUARY 28, 1963) above the monthly average during the program which stopped the Communist COMPARED TO FISCAL 1962 AND first 8 months without exceeding the takeover of Greece as well as Turkey, TO BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR 1963 budget total of $94,311,000,000 for the and which has preserved the national full 12 months. On the other hand, the independence of the Greek people. I Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I ask table discloses that expenditures for all could not help but feel that here was unanimous consent to extend my remarks of fiscal 1963 are officially budgeted at a an act of real reciprocity in the cause at this point in the RECORD and include monthly average $544,000,000 greater of freedom. extraneous matter and tables. than the actual monthly average for all My enthusiasm was chilled as I read The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of the preceding fiscal year 1962 and the second paragraph, coming as it did objection to the request of the gentleman that, in comparison to this, in the first like a cold, biting, friendless storm out from Missouri? 8 months of fiscal1963 the actual month of the .north. That paragraph stated, There was no objection. ly average exceeded the corresponding 8 and I quote: Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, for the month average of fiscal 1962 by $580,- Exception ls only being made for ships information of Members and others who 000,000. Stated another way, in the under time charter contracted prior to the may find it of interest, I include the sec first two-thirds of the fiscal year about promulgation of the present decree. ond monthly synoptic tabulation of the 71 percent, or -$4,644,000,000 of the offi The effect of the royal decree was trend of net budget receipts and ex cially projected $6,524,000,000 expendi thereby nullified. Anyone with an iota penditures in the current fiscal year 1963 ture increase, fiscal 1963 over fiscal 1962, of commonsense understands that the as of February 28, 1963, with compari has been realized. need is now to stop all, and I repeat, "all," sons to the om.cial budget estimate for BUDGET DEFICIT merchant vessels entering Cuba flying the fiscal year 1963. and to correspond any flag of the free world. We are not ing actual data for the previous fiscal The om.cial budget estimate of the def primarily interested in what countries year 1962. icit for fiscal 1963 is $8,811,000,000, or may do to help our cause; that is, the BUDGET RECEIPTS $2,433,000,000 larger than the actual def cause of the whole Western Hemisphere, Budget revenues are omcially projected icit in fiscal 1962. in the next year or two ahead. Our in at $85,500,000,000 for the fiscal year 1963 Through 8 months of fiscal 1963 the terest is what are they doing to help the ending this June 30-an increase of actual deficit is $10,099,000,000, or $593,- cause of freedom in the Western Hem $4,091,000,000, over actual budget reve 000,000 larger than the deficit during the isphere now. nues for fiscal 1962. Through the first corresponding 8 months of fiscal 1962. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4859 The comparisons and the trends will, full year amounts and in relation to each women who stood on their own feet and of course, vary each month between other. met their own responsibility to solve their March 1 and June 30 in relation to the The table follows: own area problems . .So, this week, many citizens of the Net budget Teceipts and expenditure& {the ·administrative budget), .fl months ,of .fiscal 19B3 great Miami Valley are looking back 00 versus 8 months of fi.scal1961J and comparison with full year estimates years to the time of death, destr.u.e:tJon, [In millions of dollars] danger, and despair. All of those .who personally -experienced the disaster, o? Actual for 8 months Budget estimates for flscal1963 learned of it from their elders, are re compared to actual for fiscal1962 calling the great efforts that were made to restore the valley and .its cities to 1963com- Budget Actual, Estimate, that which they had been before 1913; 1963 1962 pared to estimate, 1962 1963 over 1962 1963 actual1962 and, in rebuilding, to build even better --- communities than ever before. As are ------sult of their efforts their great home 1. Budget receipts (net>------51,963 47,912 +4,051 85,500 81,409 +4,091 ------land in western Ohio has prospered, 2. Budget expenditures (net): and also the State and the Nation have (a) National defense (per official budget classification)-----_____ ------______34,603 32,371 +2,232 53,004 51,103 +1,901 benefited, through the readiness, the {b) Other than national defense ______27,459 25,047 +2,412 41,307 36,684 +4.623 willingness, the courage, and the faith 3. Total expenditures ______62,062 57,418 +4,644 94,311 87,787 +6,524 of Ohioans to meet their own problems and to create the great .Miami Conserv 4. Net-surplus'(+) or deficit(-) (line 1 minus ancy District which has protected the -10, 099 -9,506 -593 -8,811 -6,378 1-2,433 line 3) ------valley from fioods and permitted their 5. Average monthly expenditures: dreams to be fulfilled, their families to ~a) National defense------4,325 ------4, 417 ------(b) Other than national defense ______3,432 ------3,442 live in safety, and to so rebuild as to ------make the Miami Valley one of the most Total monthly average ______7, 757 7,177 +580 7,859 7,315 +544 productive, one of the most prosperous, one of the most beautiful areas to be 1 That is to say, the budget predicts an increase of $2,433,0oo,OOO in the size of the deficit in fiscal1963 as compared found anywhere in the whole Republic. to the actual deficit in fiscal 1962. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I Sources: Budget for 1964 and monthly Treasury statement for Feb. 28, 1963. ask unanimous consent that the gentle man from Ohio [Mr. ScHENCK] may ex tend his remarks at this point in the THE GREAT FLOOD OF THE MIAMI never be another such major catas RECORD. RIVER IN 1913 trophe in that area. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there They did not appeal to the Federal objection to the request of the gentleman Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I Government. Instead, they sent their from Ohio? ask unanimous consent to address the representatives to the Ohio General .As There was no objection. House for 1 minute and to revise and sembly in Columbus, which had been extend my remarks. Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Speaker, as a lad called into an emergency session, and re nearly 14 years old at that time I have The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there quested that legislation be enacted under objection to the request of the gentleman many vivid memories of the terrible fiood State law to permit those in the fiooded disaster which struck the great Miami from Ohio? -areas to solve their own problems There was no objection. Valley 50 years ago on March 25, 1913. through the establishing of a conserv My father owned a rather large grocery Mr~ BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, ancy law under which the Miami Con thiS week in O.hio, citizens in the Miami store located on the northeast corner of River valley are assembling in many servancy District came into being. This Broadway and Riverview in Dayton. meetings to recall and discuss the great conservancy district bunt a huge system Wolf Creek, usually only a few inches fiood which took place 50 years ago, be of dams to hold back fioodwaters in the deep, crossed Broadway about a block tween March 22 and March 27, 1913, in future and to give protection to the com south of my father's store and as it be which more than 300 persons lost their munities that had been destroyed in gan to rise higher and higher toward lives in the fioodwaters of the Miami 1913. The conservancy district was the top of its banks everyone became River and its tributaries. Cities such given the authority to levy taxes alarmed. One of the first thoughts was, as Dayton, Middletown, and Hamilton against the properties that would benefit naturally, to get in a supply of food. were inundated; thousands of homes from this great new fiood-control pro People began to crowd into the store in ·and factories were destroyed or greatly gram. Rich and poor, alike, working to such numbers that the clerks could not damaged; commerce and industry were gether to attain freedom from future get around to wait on them. It finally brought to a standstill. Smaller com fiood disasters, contributed more than $2 became necessary, in fairness to all, for munities, such as West Carrollton, Mi million to the project. At a cost of more my father to close the doors from time amisburg, Franklin, Piqua, and Troy, than $33 million, the great Miami Valley to time and limit the amount of food were virtually turned into ghost towns. was given fiood protection through huge that could be sold to each customer. As a young law student, I went into dams and levees which ever since that Thls was my first experience, Mr. the devastated area as the fioodwaters time have withstood the ravages of re Speaker, with a distribution system sim receded to mak-e reports for the great current storms and high water and have ilar to the food rationing restrictions Bradstreet credit concern and saw first given fiood protection to the communi that were put in effect during the war hand the catastrophe that had struck ties in that area of Ohio. years later. that section of Ohio. I heard and I As a result, the people of the Miami The fioodwaters continued to rise saw there how men and women of all Valley have prospered. Today the val until they finally got up as h~gh as the walks of life worked and labored agalnst ley is a great industrial and commercial handrails of the old iron Wolf Creek great odds to save lives, to take care of center, growing and thriving, equaled bridge there on Broadway. The water the injured and the sick, and to feed by few areas in the United States. All came up Broadway almost to my father's the hungry, this has come about by the courageous store and reached the second fioors of Once the waters had receded it would reaction of the Miami Valley people in the homes south of the bridge. Boats have been easy for the citizens of many 1.913 and their willingness to meet them began to appear as though by magic and of these cities and towns to have turned selves the tremendous cost of attaining folks of all ages in both good and bad their backs on their home communi the fiood protection they desire. No Fed health were rescued from the second ties and to perhaps move elsewhere to eral funds were sought or used; no State fioors, attics, and rooftops in spite of the start a new ltfe. Yet, they came from funds were made available. Instead, the very treacherous crosscurrents. Deeds a hardy stock of pioneers and made their miracle that was accomplished--one of of bravery without number could be own hard decision to stay and to do what the greatest engineering feats in mod cited. As ·the boats reached shallow they could tc see to it that there would ern times-came about through men and waters men and boys would wade out 4860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 to help the folks disembark and get them law that has withstood the tests of courts Valley from Piqua to Hamilton, Ohio, to the homes of friends or strangers who and time, the conservancy law of Ohio. with all of its attendant suffering. provided them with food, shelter, and This later led to the formation of the Cut off from the rest of the world by medical care. Schools, churches, and Miami Conservancy District, which was the devastating floodwaters, the resi other public buildings were immediately administered by a board of directors dents could only seek shelter and food pressed into use to care for the victims. headed by Col. Edward A. Deeds, its first from their neighbors and pray for bet Farmers and other folks from the sur president. One of the board members ter days. But these hearty souls, after rounding higher areas came to their aid was the Honorable John A. McMahon the floodwaters receded, refused to with wagonloads of food, clothing, and who had been an illustrious and distin abandon their homes and communities other needed supplies of all kinds. I guished member of the U.S. House of to seek homesites elsewhere. They shall never forget the great thrill, Mr. Representatives for three terms during chose tJ remain and begin anew, and Speaker, of seeing all those people open the years between 1875 and 1881. It was this they did in a manner and with suc their hearts, their homes, and share he who actually drew up the Conserv cess never previously attained. their possessions with the flood victims ancy Act. Arthur E. Morgan who, you These citizens, through their elected without any hesitancy and with no probably know, at one time headed the representatives in the Ohio Legislature, thought whatsoever of being repaid. It Tennessee Valley Authority and later enacted into law the authority for a was a time and experience I shall never became the president of Antioch College, system of flood control unequaled in ex forget. was appointed the chief engineer for the cellence and accomplishment in the After the first fright and removal of conservancy district. It was he who United States, if not in the entire world. the victims from the scene, new dangers masterminded the whole complicated The Ohio Legislature provided the legal began to appear. Explosions occurred ftood prevention plan that has protected system-through the Ohio conservancy buildings were destroyed-the sky was lit and will continue to protect the Miami law-but the local people, by approving by fires in areas where it was later dis Valley area from disasters such as oc and paying tax assessments against covered there were people who could not curred in 1913. We who live in that area their own property in accordance with be reached for rescut. People ?rayed take justifiable pride in the success of individual benefit to each parcel within some had forgotten how but they prayed this unique and effective flood preven the flood plain, insured completion of anyway and God did answer them. The tion program. I say "unique" because the project and its completely satisfac :rains slackened; the floodwaters began every cent, amounting to more than $34 tory operation ever since completion. to recede a small fraction of an inch at million, to provide this protection has Today, the valley is free from floods a time until finally the great Miami and come from the residents of the valley. in its urban communities. Five huge its tributaries were once again within Not 1 cent has come from the Federal earthen dams, levees, and channel sys their banks. Government or the government of the tems provide complete protection for the Gradually, Mr. Speaker, many amaz State of Ohio. Even now, as the citizens major communities. Unbelievable as it ing stories came out about the work that of the area desire to improve the system, may be to those who say that an all was done during the tragic disaster. The they pay for it themselves. powerful Central Government is needed National Cash Register Co., for exam This week in Dayton, Ohio, and in the to solve all our problems and to pay for ple, under the personal direction of its entire valley, one of the major industrial the solution of them, in part, at least by founder and president, the late John H. and commercial centers of our Nation, deficit financing, this great flood con Patterson, had made all its facilities an observance of the 1913 flood is in trol system was conceived, planned, exe available to the flood victims. Boats progress. We are not celebrating a flood cuted, and paid for by the people within were built to use in rescue operations. anniversary-we are proudly recalling the flood plain of the great Miami Val A hospital area was set up in the plant and recognizing 50 years of economic ley without any help from State or Fed and a number of babies were born there. recovery and progress unequalled in our eral Government. One baby, appropriateb named "Cash" Nation's history. Yes, we are remem This week the valley citizens are ob Durst, grew up to become employed by bering that the "Promises Made In the serving the flood date of 50 years ago, the National Cash Register Co. Mr. Attic" were kept and that hard work, but they are celebrating the effective Patterson, a man of tremendous vision adherence to the underlying sound prin conquering of the· elements and with and ability, devoted his energies after ciples of our Nation, cooperation with justifiable pride. They can without the ftood to developing plans for pre our neighbors, and love of our homesites reservation point out that this under venting any recurrence of such a dis have produced a valley of vitality and taking was accomplished by local people aster in the Miami Valley area. As soon progress. On behalf of the people in for the benefit of the valley, the State, as his plans were well underway Mr. the Third District of Ohio whom I have and the Nation, and it has served as a Patterson set about revitalizing the eco the privilege of representing here in the model for much of the world. nomic growth of the entire valley, im Congress, I am :1appy to join my col The valley is now one of America's proving its governmental structure and leagues from our neighboring districts in industrial, commercial, and educational its educational facilities and programs. paying tribute to those great men in the empires and the people did it by and for We who live in that area owe much to past whose vision and leadership brought themselves. the vision, leadership, wisdom, and about the establishment of the Miami Lest my colleagues and others who energy of this great man. Inspired by Conservancy District and to those dedi may hear and read our story think we John H. Patterson, others have followed cated men who now administer the pro have magnified our performance, I wish his example and continue to develop the gram so effectively. to incorporate in my remarks the ob potentialities of the area to an extent Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I jective editorial found in the Saturday never equaled in any other part of the ask unanimous consent that the gentle Evening Post in the issue of November country. Mr. Patterson had many close, man from Ohio [Mr. McCuLLOCH] may 16, 1946. I quote the editorial in its personal friends who gave generously of extend his remarks at this point in the entirety. their time and reso•1rces in helping him RECORD and include extraneous matter. THIS FLOOD-CONTROL PROJECT WASN'T ON THE spearhead a drive to raise a fund to study The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there CUFF the problem and do something about it. objection to the request of the gentleman When the spring rains start washing down In a community just prostrated by a from Ohio? the Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi River great calamity, the raising of funds by There was no objection. Basins next year, residents of nine western public subscription was a tremendous Mr. McCULLOCH. Mr. Speaker, it Ohio counties will not be obliged to grab undertaking. Nevertheless, the people, their cots, frying pans, and chicken coops will, in my opinion, serve a useful pur and scramble for higher and drier ground. poor and rich, young and old, con pose to reflect upon a major disaster in Their security was assured by their own tributed $2,156,616 within 3 months the great Miami Valley a half century action 30 years ago when the Miami Con following the ftood. Goaded by the lead ago, and what was done to prevent its servancy District completed five dainS and ership of the Honorable James M. Cox, reoccurrence. · improvements of channels in the Miami, Still who resigned after serving two terms in The unprecedented and uncontrolled water, and Mad Rivers.- There have been no the U.S. Congress to become the Gov serious fioods in the district since 1917, al floodwaters of that river from March though neighbor-a in the Ohio Valley each ernor of Ohio, the State legislature in 22 through March 27, 1913, -brought spring prepare to pack. up and leave with a special emergency session enacted a death and destruction to the Miami the first thaws and heavy rains. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4861 Unbelievable as it may be to many Ameri Department goes, we have learned absolutely ments of Venezuela and Peru and with can eommunities today, the Miami Valley this nothing at all. organizing leftist agitation in Panama year completes this course in self-treatment The U.S. policy in Cuba is based upon the and Puerto Rico. for a $100 million flood headache without same political principle that b,as determined once calling in Dr. New Deal or any of his our dealings with atheistic communism in This is obviously giving aid and com interns. The local remedy was applied after China, Hungary, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Po fort to the enemy of democracy, and a 1913 flood swept through the rich agricul land, and all the other nations that have literally thumbs the Brazilian nose at tural lands and busy industrial centers of fallen to Red aggression. the United States. Dayton, Troy, Middletown, and· Hamilton. Our State Department has always oper Furthermore, in a speech on the floor Four days later, as they kicked at the mud ated on the principle that communism, how of the House on March 21, I called at and debris, the stunned citizens counted ever dangerous, is negotiable. As long as tention to the fact that three members the actual damage at $100 million, plus 400 that principle is maintained as a modus lives lost, business as stagnant as the pools agendi by the U.S. Government, regardless of the 15-man Brazilian Cabinet are no of dirty water in the streets, ·thousands of of the sincerity of the men involved or the torious Marxists, two others were former head of livestock drowned, and tons of good name of the administration, what happened Communist Party members. Goulart's black dirt gone forever. in Hungary had to happen in Cuba and press secreary is a self-declared Commu Despite this heartbreaking disaster there what has happened in Cuba must happen in nist. The powerful National Industrial was no anguished cry for aid from Washing all of America, North and South, unless we Workers Confederation, which unites ton or the State capitol at Columbus. True, change our policy. industrial unions, is under Communist the refinements of Federal aid had not been Communism is not negotiable. The reason control. The big oil monopoly, Petro thought of then, but Congress was only too for saying this is not political but philo happy to logroll a hodgepodge of river and sophical. Despite the new "nice guy" mask bras, is run by an extreme leftwinger. harbor bills to relieve localities of the costs Khrushchev is wearing, he is still a Com Regardless, the State Department will of local improvements. Instead of calling munist. As such, he will be content with loan Brazil the money she requested. on the logrollers, the thoroughly drenche<1 but one objective: mastery of the entire While we heard anguished cries from Miami Valley citizens took the quaint stand world. He has told us this, he has set about the Brazilian Government when the that control of the river was their job, and scientifically and methodically to prove it. State Department announced Commu not a legitimate burden on the taxpayers of Cuba is just one more step along the way. nist infiltration of Brazil, it has yet to Montana or New York. Communism understands but one law: refute these charges. All they asked from the lawgivers at Co force. And brute force is not negotiable. lumbus was permission to form the conserv Force is only countered by counterforce. As far as I am concerned, Brazil ancy district, with power to levy taxes for The ·brief blockade was a beautiful exam should not get a plugged nickel from the the purpose of keeping the rivers from their ple of this simple fact. United States. doors and barnyards. That permission was We have been told that we must not granted by the State legislature. No appeal "fear to negotiate." Where communism is of any kind went to Washington, and the concerned, dare we make such a statement? YUGOSLAV MILITARY ATTENDING only entrance of the National Government It might be good rhetoric-but what about ARMY. COMMAND AND GENERAL came when a Federal dis.trict court ruled the logic? It would seem that in dealing STAFF COLLEGE AT FORT that the United States had no objection. with Khrushchev, negotiation ought to be The district issued almost $34 million in our greatest fear. If Cuba has not taught LEAVENWORTH, KANS. bonds. Proceeds were· used for construction us this, it has taught us nothing. Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask of dams and channel regulation, and that Our verbal threats against Russia's pres unanimous consent to address the House ended the floods for the Miami Valley. In ence 90 miles off the Florida coast are be this engineering project there were no extras ginning to sound about as dangerous as the for 1 minute and to revise and extend my such as hydroelectric power, swanky fishing "do that again and I'll spank" of an in remarks. · and recreation resorts or resettlement proj dulgent mother to her spoiled child. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ects. Flood control was what the Miami Soviet presence on the island of Cuba can objection to the request of the gentleman Valley people paid their money for and not be tolerated. Everybody in the free from New Hampshire? fiood control is what they got. world agrees to this. This presence cannot There was no objection. Today, as the district prepares to levy the effectively and completely be removed by Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, I wonder final assessment for retirement of the last mere negotiation. Recent history attests to bonds, the flood-free communities, farms, that. if our citizens know that a uniformed and individuals of the Miami Valley are An editorial in this week's issue of Life military officer from Communist Yugo pretty proud of their accomplishment. It's magazine outlines some excellent steps that slavia attends the regular Army Com theirs and they paid for it without outside could be taken to rid ourselves of Castro's mand and General Staff College at Fort help, advice, second guessing or the nostrums so-called defensive Russian army. Leavenworth, Kans. I wonder if they of the District of Columbia school of medi While the Life editorial's specific recom know that no less than four general of cine. Equally pleasing to most is the fact mendations may not be in every instance as ficers of the Yugoslav Army are gradu that the district provided no plum tree for carefully conceived or outlined as those of ates of our top staff college. I wonder anxious jobseekers. Only 56 persons are em a military strategist, still the principle upon ployed on the entire project, hardly enough which they are based is absolutely correct. if they know that clearance for this must to staff the public relations offce of almost The editorial rightly contends that "It is come from the White House. I wonder any Washington bureau you care to name. time for deeds as well as negotiations • • • ." if they know that this has been happen ing for some years. Mr. Speaker, what goes on here? Even COMMUNISM IS NOT NEGOTIABLE BRAZILIAN LOAN the most uninformed among our citi zenry knows that such military men Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, I ask have sworn allegiance to a Communist unanimous consent to extend my remarks unanimous consent to address the House flag; that everything they learn at our at this point in the RECORD and include for 1 minute. General Staff College goes right back to extraneous matter. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Communists; that Yugoslavia is in close The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman military liaison with the Soviet general objection to the request of the gentleman from Ohio? staff. from Washington? There was no objection. Whether or not attendance at clas There was no objection. _ Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, again we sified classes is barred to these men, the Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, many of have been had. The Brazilian Govern vast military knowledge they gain in a the citizens in this country will argue ment has announced plans for hemi full course at Fort Leavenworth is un that communism is negotiable. The peo sphere Communists to hold a conference deniable. It is the sheerest lunacy to ple using this argument are usually those in Sao Paulo starting today. condone educating Communists about who have only a surface understanding On March 18, in a speech in the House the operations of our general staff on the of communism. The following article of Representatives, I called to the at theorY that it encourages splinter groups from the Northwest Progress, of Seattle, tention of Congress the fact that Brazil within the Soviet periphery. Wash., very graphically points out our was going to host the second Commu I believe that we should investigate so current stance against communism: nist-inspired continental congress of that we can know just who cleared this NOT NEGOTIABLE solidarity with CUba. The first such assignment in this administration as If there is any lesson that can be learned congress, 2 years ago in Mexico City, is well as under whose individual direction from Castro's takeover of Cuba it would widely regarded as having brought about and initiative this sorry practice was in seem to be this: That as far as our State violent efforts to subvert the Govern- itiated years ago. It is not the Army's -4862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 fault. Orders for such inanity come · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there to vote. Large wheat farmers would be from on high, not from the Army, of objection to the request of the gentle eligible to vote on election day auto':' that we can be certain. man from Oklahoma? matically without previously signifying This is further glaring evidence that 'I1lere was no objection. their intentions to do so. the present administration does not un Is it consistent for the administration derstand that all genuine Communists to protest the inability of some citizens are deadly serious in their fanatical de PEACE CORPS PERSONNEL to vote in general elections due to un sire to destroy the United States. This Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani necessary and discriminatory voting ·is so whether they are Russian Commu mous consent to address the House for regulations and then to arbitrarily place nists or Chinese Communists or Yugo 1 minute. such regulations in the paths of the slav Communists. One does not appease 'I1le SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Nation's small wheat farmers to keep a rattlesnake by inviting him into his objection to the request of the gentleman them from voting in a referendum? . house. from Iowa? Why double standards for our Ameri 'I1lere was no objection. can wheat producers, Mr. Freeman? Is FOREIGN AID PROGRAM Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, in view of the it necessary to make first- and second stated dedication of higher echelon per class citizens out· of our wheat farmers Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan sonnel in the Peace Corps, I offer the fol in order to make your supply-manage imous consent to address the House for lowing news article without comment": ment theory work? If so, this is another 1 minute and to revise and extend my ToP PEACE CORPS PERSONNEL TO TAKE good reason why your supply-manage remarks. 2-WEEK RETREAT ment approach for agriculture should The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Some 160 executives of the Peace Corps . not be adopted. objection to the request of the gentleman will spend 2 weeks at the Corps training What is the real reason for this pre from India:Qa? camp 1n Puerto Rico, reports Deputy Director election signup for our 15-acre wheat 'I1lere was no objection. . William Moyers. farmers, Mr. Freeman? You cannot Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, I read with .. The idea 1s to spend 2 weeks in a close argue that you need this information in great interest, over the weekend, the and familiar setting with the volunteers and order to ascertain who these 15-acre Clay report on foreign aid and think also to balk desk fi.abblness," explains Moyers. farmers are as your county committees that there is much of value in it. Many While on the Caribbean island they will collect their regular salaries ($11,000 a year already have this information. It can of the things that it points out are mat and up) and have their expenses paid. not be argued that a farmer could not ters which some of us in the Congress just as easily and as quickly signify his who have been studying the aid pro intent at the· time he came in to vote. gram have been saying for years. WHY THE DISCRIMINATION It could, however, be argued that since Perhaps, the thing that catches the AGAINST THE 15-ACRE FARMER, your program will be extremely detri attention first is the suggestion that MR. FREEMAN? mental to our small wheat producers hundreds of milllons of dollars can be and as a consequence they will probably cut from the annual programs without Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan imous consent to address the House for not look upon it with favor, that the damaging them. In fact, the inference powers that be do not want them to is clear that the programs would be bet 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. vote and this accounts for these addi ter for having reduced amounts of tional and burdensome regulations being money to spend. 'I1le SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman placed upon them. It also could be But, there are other, less obvious, but argued that a '1-day open season on our equally important proposals. One of from Ohio? 'I1lere was no objection. 15-acre farmers who do sign up wm be those relates to the selection of the needed in order to launch an all-out, countries which receive our aid. From Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker. on Febru concentrated attack upon them in the the report, I gain the very strong im ary 26 of this year I expressed my fears this House that Freeman and com hope of convincing them to vote right. pression that the committee feels that to If thiS is the case, someone has mis we should be much more selective in the pany would attempt to use a double set judged these farmers as they do not matter of our aid and should concentrate of standards for our Nation's farmers in succumb to badgering and cajoling. our efforts in those countries with which the forthcoming wheat referendum in Whatever the reason for this proposed we have a community of interest and that one method of voting would be re regulation, it is not sufllcient to warrant which w111 not treat our assistance as a quired for the small 15-acre wheat such rank discrimination among the mere basis for bargaining with the farmers and another for the larger pro wheat producers of America. I there Communists to get aid from them also. ducers. My fears were not unfounded as fore, urge you, Mr. Secretary, in fairness Reference is made to the participa- the Department of Agriculture has now to these small wheat farmers, not to . tion of the private sector of our economy filed its "Notice of Proposed Rulemaking" put this proposed regulation into effect. and here again is a matter upon which in the Federal Register to·amend existing most of us in the Congress acted a year regulations relative to voting in the 1964 ago over the strong protests of the Agen wheat referendum. The Department is cy for International Development and proposing that the regulations be THE NEW FRONTIER the State Department. Now, the com changed to read as follows: Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, I ask mittee finds that this action has been H> WHEAT unanimous consent to address the House helpful. On the whole, Mr. Speaker, Any producer who has a farm acreage al- for 1 minute. one feels anew that before we act lotment shall be eligible to vote 1n any 'I1le SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there upon the foreign aid authorization wheat referendum held pursuant to 7 u.s.c. objection to the request of the gentleman 1336, as amended: Provided, That a producer from New York? and appropriation bills this year most on a farm with a wheat acreage allotment of 'I1lere was no objection. careful scrutiny should be given to the less than 15 acres shall be eligible to vote Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, after whole program to the end that, as a only if the operator on such farm files with reading the President's speech made at minimum, very substantial dollar re the county committee, not later than 7 days Chicago on Saturday, I am wondering ductions be made and that the recipi prior to the date of the referendum, an elec- when be is going to stop his changing ents of our assistance be more care tion in writing to be subject to the wheat fully chosen. marketing quota for the farm. moods and let the American people know when and where he expects to find the Should this regulation be put into ef- . New Frontier. on Saturday he said that COMMITI'EE ON INTERIOR AND feet by Mr. Freeman it would mean that perhaps if we do not have a tax reduc- INSULAR AFFAIRS our _Nation's 15-acre wheat producers tlon we may not have a recession, but . would _have to agree in writing at least '1 here he changed his mood. He went on Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. · Speaker, I days before they voted that they would to say: ask unanimous consent that the Sub- comply with the administration's pro- But, if we cio not have tax reduction our committee on Mines and Mining of the gram--should it be approved in the ref- . unemployment may go from 6 to 7 percent. Committee on Interior and Insular Af- erendum. If they did not so signify fairs may sit during general deb~te this their intent _to comply with these new In the campaign in 1960 President afternoon. Freeman rules, they would be ineligible Kennedy promised he was going to end 1963 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD- HOUSE . 4863 unemployment, but I say seriously that · penditure of Federal fundS In his area -publican administration in 1959 and in his changing moods and changing for hospitals under the Hill-Burton Act. totaled $12.427 billion. . course of action, .he might at least let Naturally, I should also welcome any They have apparently forgotten that everybody know what the New Frontier information from anyone who would like the cumulative deficit during the· Eisen is and whether he ever expects to find a large defense contract terminated In hower Republican administration was it. His changing mood 1s giving the his district. $21.953 billion. American people and business the jitters. When I total all the response, I shall They criticize the President's efforts to Perhaps if he stopped changing his posi- announce the result. I doubt that I stimulate the economy with a tax reduc tion so frequently, business could settle shall require an adding machine. tion at a time when a deficit will occur. down, expand, and be in a position to put I would call their attention to the year more people to work and end the rise in 1954-during the Republican adminis unemployment. . WASTING MONEY tration-when there were tax reductions Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, totaling an estimated $7.4 billion. This I ask unanimous consent to address the came at a time when it was obvious there CAN WE CUT. FEDERAL EXPENDI House for 1 minute and to revise and ex would be a deficit, and there was a TURES IN YOUR DISTRICT? tend my remarks. deficit. Mr. · JOELSON. Mr. Speaker~ I ask The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there The tax reduction included removal of unanimous consent to address the House objection to the request of the gentleman excess profits tax, reductions in individ for 1 minute and to revise and extend my from Missouri? ual income taxes, reduction in excise remarks. There was no objection. taxes, and revisions of the Federal Rev The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, enue Code. objection to the request of the ·gentleman as a member of the Subcommittee on The Republican leadership now takes from New Jersey? Printing of the Committee on House Ad the position that tax reduction in the There was no objection. ministration, I have been advised that a face of a deficit is an unpardonable Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, we have number of bills will be considered to :financial sin. been hearing much talk about the need morrow. This has reminded me of a But in 1954, when the economy was for reducing Federal expenditures for wasteful practice that has gone on for lagging, the Republicans turned to tax years, but getting very little action. years and which is proposed to be per reduction and the economy showed a Although the talk still continues, the petuated in another way. I am referring substantial upswing. With the healthier fact remains that in :fiscal1963, out of a to the printing of calendars which are economy, the Republicans were able to total Federal budget of $94 billion, the distributed to the Members. Now that achieve surpluses. following appropriations were passed .is a small item and I will probably be The Republican leadership questions unanimously: About $50 billion. for na branded as a nitpicker. But we are an increase in the national debt ceiling. tional defense, $5% billion for veterans' spending $27,473 a year to print calen Yet during the Republican administra benefits, and $3% billion for space ex dars to be distributed to the Members, tion the debt ceiling was increased for ploration. These items, together with and each one of us gets 10 of these :fiscal 1955, for 1958, for 1959, and 1960. interest on the national debt which is a calendars and more if we request them. So it is apparent that the criticism of :fixed charge, account for approximately To me that is an utter waste of money the Republican leadership stems from 75 cents out of every tax dollar. and I intend to try to stop it. If there sheer partisan politics. When a Repub Because of the unanimity with which are others who concur in my views with lican President called for tax reduction, these appropriations were endorsed by respect to this, I would appreciate it if an increase in the debt ceiling, and a my colleagties, those who are calling for they would so inform the Subcommittee deficit budget, this was acceptable, even decreased spending evidently want cuts on Printing stating that they do not praised. . to be made in the appropriations which endorse this waste of money. With mil But when the Democratic administra consume the remaining 25 cents out 'of lions of calendars of every conceivable tion in office attempts to stimulate a every tax dollar. size and design being distributed by all lagging economy and increase Federal Since each Congressman knows his types of businesses as well as individuals, revenues looking toward ultimate bal . own district the best, I would appreciate I cannot believe that anyone is being ancing of the budget, then-in the Re hearing from each of my colleagues denied a free calendar, and for that rea publican view-an outrageous :financial about his suggestions for cutting down son can see no reason why the Congress crime is being committed. on Federal spending in his own district. should approve this waste of money. The facts are that we are falling $30 As a member of the Appropriations Com This is just one of many small ways in to $40 billion short of our potential in mittee, I would be -pleased to total ·the which Members of Congress can effect national output, $18 to $20 billion short suggested amounts and pass the . infor small savings, which total a substantial in wages and salaries, and $7 to $8 billion mation along to my chairman. sum. The greatest good that can come in business profits. We have an unem If a fiood control or land reclamation from this action of discontinuing this ployment rate of more than 6 percent project which is scheduled for construc practice is that it would indicate Con and persistent, large budget deficits. tion in a Representative's diStrict 1s con gress' desire to practice economy-and Failure to act now to stimulate the sidered unnecessary by him, I would once we make the start, I believe it will economy is inviting another recession. appreciate hearing from him about -it. result in greater and substantial savings. Our high tax rates are repressive. A Likewise, those of my colleagues who tax reduction is needed urgently. object to their districts ·receiving area REPUBLICAN BUDGET HYPOCRISY Certainly our expenditures should be redevelopment funds or moneys for carefully studied. They have been care their local schools under the aid to fed- Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask fully studied. Some reductions are be erally impacted areas legislation should · unanimous consent to address the House ing made. But to achieve the sort of not hesitate to let me know about it. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my budget reduction the Republicans advo Those of my colleagues from farm - remarks. cate would seriously hamper our defense areas should feel free to tell me how · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there efforts-because that is where the bulk much less they want spent in their own objection tO the request of the gentleman of the budgetary increases have been. districts for price supports, and those from California'." The best way to balance the budget is who represent urban districts should There was no objection. to balance the economy. The increased similarly advise how much less they _ M~. HOLIFiELD. Mr. Speaker, the economic activity from a tax rate will wish their districts to receive for urban partisan statements of Republican lead produce more revenues which can and renewal. ers in reference to · the President's tax will be used to achieve a balanced Fed Does any Congressman wish to file · reduction and budget proposals border on eral budget. objection to the spending of money 1n · political hypocrisy. The Republican leadership would do h1s district under. the FecJeral road pro- : They ·have apparently forgotten, in well to lend its support to a sensible gram? If so, just let me know. For their zeal to discredit the Democratic economic program of this kind, r~th. er that ~atter, I should aJso like to hear program, that the ·largest peacetime than devoting its time to irresponsible from anyone who dissents from the ex- 'deficit in history· occurred during a Re- sniping for political ptirposes. 4864 CONGRESSIONAL_ RECORD ·- _HOUSE March 25 AREA REDEVELOPMENT COMMUNIST INSPIRED CONTINEN- . grata by the Government because be AMENDMENTS TAL CONGRESS. OP SOLIDARITY had the intestinal fortitude_to put in the Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask WITH CUBA MEETS m ·RIO·WHILE record for all to read the story of tbe unantinous' con8ent to address the House UNITED STATES GIVES MORE AID Communist buildup in Brazil. I am for 1 mlriute and to revise and extend my TO BRAZIL-TO BUILD TRADE sure most of YOU have read that article remarks. WITHRUSSIA by Mr. Stein with regard to the amaz- The SPEAK~ pro tempore. -Is there ing Communist buildup in Brazil which objection to the request of the gentleman The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AI.- is, I believe, self-explanatory. I include from Texas? BERT) ; Under previous order of the the article at the close of my remarks. House, the gentleman from Florida [Mr. Here is what happened, for instance, tn There was no objection. CRAMER] is recognized for 30 minutes. Costa Rica during the visit of the Presi- Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, I have Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I along dent on March 20 with regard to our introduced a bill today to amend the with other Members of this House of policy in giving foreign aid to these Area Redevelopment Act to correct what Representatives had the privilege over Latin American countries who still rec I believe to be a serious inadequacy in the weekend of visiting Guantanamo ognize and do business with Castro's this legislation. Bay, the American military base in Cuba. CUba and who do not do all they can The bill provides that the Secretary I-. ~o not w~t to make that particular · tQ oppose Communist_subversion -within of Commerce shall include in his stand V1s1t the prmcipal subject of my re- ~heir countries, but, as a mater of fact, ards for designation of counties under marks, but it does have a relationship to in some instances are even encourag this act, standards based on the migra the subject which I do want to discuss ing it. tion out of the county. rather briefly and that is the question of - Here is what -one Costa Rican student The present ·Jaw provides that this ~e proposed ~oreign aid to Brazil, par- stated at the time of thi::; visit at the shall be one of the things considered in t1cularly in v1ew of the announcement University of Costa Rica: formulating the standards. But it is which we see on the UPI ticker just to- It 1s foolish for you Americans to give very necessary to make counties eligible day, to the effect-it has been known be- money to corrupt, ollgarchy-eontrolled on this basis alone if we are to stem the fore of course, but the number of coun- Latin American governments without su tide of migration to already overcrowded tries attending has not been known-the pervtsllig the expenditure of every dollar. metropolitan areas. fact that the Communist-inspired Con- You're throwing money . down. the drain, The many communities which are tinental Congress of Solidarity With and i·n the end you'll lose both the money losing population today because of a lack Cuba meets in Rio de Janeiro the 28th of and the country. And you shouldn't make of jobs would like to be able to retain this month Thursday of this week and an exception of our own Government, how the young people who are leaving today. who is goi~g to be in attendanc~78 ever advanced it might be. With just a little help, such as assist countries have decided to attend at this These were students in ·a university ance through the Area Redevelopment meeting which is commonly known as a in a country with a long history of Act, these communities could establish meeting for the purpose of ultra liberals democracy and social progress, condi new industry and provide new jobs for and some Communists to carve out a tions lacking in most Latin American these young people. solidarity with CUba-that means Com- countries. This was the advice of stu The figures on unemployment and in munist Cuba program. Included in these dents given to reporters at the time of come do not show these counties to be 78 countries are Cuba itself, Russia and the President's visit at the Costa Rican within the standards adopted by the Sec Red China, and a number of other coun- Conference on March 20, 1963. Good retary of Commerce for designation un tries are to be involved including many advice, I believe, but advice which we der this law. However, the fact is that in this hemisphere. Representatives are not heeding these days. many of these counties which are rapidly from 78 countries are attending. Despite Who is going to be in attendance at losing population are in very serious this and other evidence of the growth of this conference in Rio, in a country to trouble. Wbat has happened is that, communism in Brazil as even stated-by whose Government we are proposing to instead of hanging on, these people who the State Department itself in Brazilian give $55 m1llion of a $1 ¥.z bllllon program have lost jobs have moved out of the Ambassador Gordon's testimony before for the purpose of building up the econ county. Those who had businesses have the Selden subcommittee to the effect _in omy of Brazil so she can continue to shut them down and gone elsewhere, Brazil the Government has been infl.l- trade with Soviet Russia? I under usually to work for someone else rather trated with Communists, the ~tudent stand, although it has not been officially than open a new business. movement has been in1Utrated with Com- announced at the movement, by the wire The net effect has been that the un munists as well as the labor union services, that the President Is expected employment rate and the income rate in movement. to make a pronouncement concerning the counties do not reflect the total sit Of course, there was an effort by the 1t sometime today that this $55 mil uation. Those who are unemployed State Department to claim that this lion to Brazil has been agreed to as the show up on the rolls of a big metro testimony which appears in the record first installment despite the fact the politan city. They show up on the wel of the hearings before the Subcommit- Government of Brazil refuses to con fare rolls of these cities. The effect is tee on Inter-American Affairs was taken demn this conference, as a matter of the same on the national economic pic out of the context and did not really fact is going to let it go on in Rio de ture. The people are still unemployed. mean what it says. Anybody who reads Janeiro, is weakening in its opposition to The county still is deteriorating from it will note that it is very clearly stated communism, is doing business with lack of industry and employment oppor that there has been Communist inflltra- Russia, and continues to recognize tunity. And we are now doing nothing tion in the Government, 1n union move- Castro. about it. ments, and in student group~n page Who are some of the Braz111ans who The expansion of this program, Mr. 247 of the hearings I quote "The prin- are going to be in attendance at this Speaker, as proposed in the bill I have cipal field of infiltration and influence conference? I think this indicates the introduced today, will have an immedi is in the labor unions. In the Govern- extent of the in:flltration of communism ate stimulating effect on the economy of ment- staff there has been infiltration. in the country. Who are some of the many rural areas across our land just The student movement in another ma- Brazilians who are going to be in attend because of the existence of this provi jar area of penetration with the Na- ance at this Red cor... tinental congress? sion. The effect when the provision is tional Student Union nqw being domi- There is going to be Luis Carlos implemented with proper funds and ad nated by Communists." Prestes, Secretary General of the Bra- What does all this amount to? And zilian Communist Party. Another is ministrative action would be tremen I am going to take a few minutes to re- General Luiz Gonzaga de Oliveira Leite, dous. view the extent of Communist in:flltra- president of the Brazilian Association of When people want to help themselves, tion and buildup in Brazil. As a matter Reserve Officers; and Francisco Juliao, I feel we should assist them in this effort. of fact, the fearless reporter who had a federal deputy and founder-president That is the purpose of this bill. I hope the intestinal fortitude to state the facts of the Castroist Peasants' Leagues. my colleagues will give it their prompt of what is going on in Brazil was just Dante Pelican!, president of the Na and serious consideration. recently declared to be persona non tiona! Federation of Industrial Workers, 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4865 and Almino Afonso, Minister of Labor in stop doing businesS with' hiin and to side Worker, the Communist newspaper in President Goulart's Cabinet and leader with the forces of freedom-having op this country, on Sunday, March l'l. And of Goulart's Brazilian Labor Party- in posed the United States at Punte del that happened to be the very weekend the Federal Chamber. Este and during the quarantine refus- tbat I was askiiig for this information, Clodsmith Riani, a Labor · Ministry ing to join it. · ~ the very weekend that the State Depart functionary and chief of labor's general I made a similar request that related ment was trying to expunge from the om strike command. · Mario Shemberg; a to Mexico the other day. Until Mexico cia! records of the Selden comm!ttee the well·known Sao Paulo physicist, and Rob stops permitting the infiow of persons for testimony of its own Ambassador to Bra erto Morena, who, according to Lacerda, subversive purposes-including U.S. citi zil to the effect that there ·was infiltra served as a political commissar with the zens-through the open door of subver:. tion in the Government, in the unions, Communist forces in the Spanish civil sian out of Mexico City and the Cuban in the student movement. Here is. what war. Embassy, we should not give it any aid. the Worker -said on that ·very Sunday, Where did this list come from? This Even the CIA Director himself admitted March 17, when the papers reported list came from a list of those expected to there were individuals going to Cuba for the fact that the State Department did be in attendance, taken from the lug training purposes in 1962, at which time not mean what it said. This is a report gage of Luis Carlos Prestes, secretary I brought out the fact that there were by Art Shields: · general of the outlawed Brazilian Com some 73 Americans as well going down Brazil Communist Party's strength doubles munist Party, as he departed recently on there in violation of the U.S. laws-and In 2 years, says Carlos 'Prestes. a trip to Havana, Prague, and Moscow. unprosecuted. It was taken from his luggage by Carlos After a strong protest, that aid should The very man I was just referring to Lacerda of the city where the convention be withdrawn from Mexico until this who is going to this Rio conference: is going to be held; namely, Rio de Janei open door is closed. Big changes are coming in Brazll, and the Brazilian Communist Party 1s much~ this ro. His public security oftlcers were the Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the changing picture. ones who got possession of these docu gentleman yield? Its strength has doubled since 19~(), says ments. No one has denied them. There Mr. CRAMER. I yield to the gentle Luis Carlos Prestes, the party's general is not any question but what in all prob man from Iowa. secretary. ability these persons named are not only Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman going to attend but it also gives best evi for yielding, and I wish to commend him They say in the last 2 years that the dence of their background and their for the statement he has just made. For Peasant Union has expanded from 50,000 inclination. . · the life of me I cannot understand how 2 years ago to 600,000 today. Many of them are very substantial this Government can seriously consider Further quoting from tlie article: people in the Goulart government. How giving one thin dime to Brazil under the The movement for peace, which 1s the could these people maintain these posi circumstances that exist. The Finance party's central Issue, has made great ad tions under the Brazllian Government Minister of Brazil and the Ambassador of vances. if I met Prestes when he talked to a group setup the President did not agree to that Government in Washington told our of correspondents during a Short visit to their receiving these positions, because subcommittee that Brazil would not hold Moscow. the appointive power in Brazil 1s with the Continental Congress for Cuban Soli the Executive, not even subject to con darity or whatever the specific title of Further quoting from the. article: firmation by the legislative branch. that meeting, the Communist meeting in Pre.stes gave us many details of the rising So these people are in the government support of Cuba. But now the meeting strength of the people's forces. Thus the at least by sufferance of the President is to be held, apparently, with the sanc Communist Party's ties with the mllltant himself. · · - tion of the Government of Brazil, and working class of Brazil .have grown m-qch I ani not going to read in detail, but President Kennedy and this administra stronger since the late' 1950's. The student movement is rapidly growing. I have in my possession a document that tion ought not to give Brazil one single It is led by Communists in alliance with reviews the history of the buildup of the dime as long as this meeting is in the members of the Catholic youth. Communist Party and of Communist works. "The influence of the Communist Party subversive activities in BrazU, starting Mr. CRAMER. I thank the gentle and other democratic groups 1s rising in the back in April of 1960, when Francisco man. Of course, he is an authority on ranks of the Brazlllan Army," said Prestes, Juliao, whose name I just mentioned, this subject, being a member of the Sei- · who used to be an army colonel himself. and Santos Morais, accompanied the den subcommittee,. at least to that ex Further quoting from the article: Brazilian presidential candidate on his tent, and I am glad that he placed on the visit to CUba in Apr111960. The big job internationally is to win so RECORD the fact that assurances were cialism with the least sacrifices. · "But social Duriiig that visit, Juliao and Morais made to that committee. This is some ism" he said, "cannot be prevented." He had a personal meeting with Fidel Castro thing .I did not have knowledge of my proudly declared. "We Brazilians are fighting in which they requested Castro,s finan self, that Brazil did make assurances to become the second people in Latin Amer cial support for-the Peasants' Leagues. that this congress would not be held, ica to open the door to socialism." Castro studied the request, and after which obviously seems to me to be a con This was the very day the State De consultation with Che Guevara, he in dition precedent in Alliance for Progress partment was trying to expunge from formed Julla"O that his decision was to fnnds being seriously negotiated at this the records of the Congress its own not support the leagues: a decision that time. And, I will say to the gentleman testimony with respect to the Commu was due 1n gieat extent, to the observa further that I called the State Depart nist buildup in Brazil. tion made by Guevara that there was no ment, Mr~ Moscoso's oftlce, and I in existing proof that these leagues were quired in regard to the Alliance for Prog Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. organized. ress funds and I tried to get some infor Speaker, will the gentleman yield? In November 1960, Juliao made a visit mation even in regard to what requests Mr. CRAMER. Yes, I yield to the to Red China, where he again requested had been made, and that was denied me. gentleman from Colorado. financial ~sistance, this time from the As to the conditions that were being con . Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Do I Communist Chinese government. Juliao sidered, they would not even discuss tha.t. understand that the gentleman made a obtained the promise of financial help I said, "Are you going to attempt to gain request of the State Department to give which would have to be channeled assurances that if they get this money, the gentleman information as to the through the Castro government. they are going to fight communism in amount of money we have spent in The reason I am spreading this infor stead of permitting it to grow in that Brazil in this Alliance for Progress mation on the RECORD is I believe our country, as part of the policy of the program? Government should seriously reconsider United States, and what should be the Mr. CRAMER. No; that information any approval of a loan to Brazil until basic policy of our Alliance for Progress is readily available to everyone, includ Brazil shows its ability to clean out the funds" and I was denied any information ing the gentleman from Florida, and Communists that are known to have in of any kind at that time and have re- the gentleman from Florida is well filtrated the Brazilian Government, and . ceived none subsequently. · aware of it. What I -asked for was how insist that Brazil withdraw recognition So far as the buildup is concerned, I much they are now ne~otiating for; how of Castro's Communist government and could quote, for instance, from the much have they requested? The news CIX--307 4866 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 reports vary as to the amount of money able that the asking price now by Brazil ing in the REcoRD gives an example in involved. is that they want one-half billion dollars very specific detail of how these schools I was told that I could not get this in for next year? are carried on, how · the students are formation-that I wa.S not entitled to Mr. GROSS. The gentleman will have brought in, and even names some of the it-and they would not discuss wli~t the to take my word for that. students. They follow up their activi Brazilian Finance Minister asked for. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Oh; sure ties in Brazil, after their training. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. If the gen ly. For instance, from July 28 to August tleman will yield further, how long ago Mr. GROSS. The asking price, the 20, a total of 52 Latin Americans at was that request denied to the gentle Brazilian asking price, is in round fig tended the guerrilla warfare instruction man? ures $500 million. This is on top of, as course. Besides the 12 Brazilian stu Mr. CRAMER. That was on Satur I understand it, somewhere near $1.5 dents from the. Peasants' Leagues there day, March 16·. 1963, the very day before billion already made available to Brazil in were 12 Venezuelans, 17 Argentines, 6 this Worker article came out. various financing deals. And from the Paraguayans and 5 Panamanians. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The rea . $500 million there would be a refinanc This was way back in 1961. The prin son I ask this is the fact that I have a ing, as I understand it, of payments to cipal Brazilians taking the course were constituent who is interested in the Soviet-bloc countries of certain short the same men who later directed the de amount of money being proposed that term credits that are due or very shortly velopment of the guerrilla movement of we spend in Brazil. He asked me that coming due. In other words, they would the leagues in Brazil. They were, for question in a letter. like to obtain money from U.S. taxpay instance: Has the gentleman from Florida any ers to refinance their obligations to the Clodomir de los Santos Morais, ex information or is the gentleman going to Soviet-bloc countries, among other Deputy of the state of Pernambuco, place in the RECORD the amount of mon things. member of the Communist Party of Bra ey that has . been spent heretofore in This is a rather complicated thing, but zil
Sales Average Approx- Labor cost Dollars of Production Exports Average Man-hours hourly imate fringe Average as percent profit (loss) (in tons) (in tons) number of expended cost per total hourly of cost of on these (A) (B) employees eJ~lo~ees paid hour labor cost finished items Tonnage Dollars product
1959 •••• ------32,364 32,221 10,773,634 1,052 242 459,716 $2.37 $0.48 $2.85 14.55 $505,347 1960____ ------30,843 30,433 10,823,882 637 228 392,673 2.44 .49 2.93 14.63 (73, 197) 196L•••• ------_------31,902 31,890 11,028,920 761 236 407,691 2. 47 .51 2.98 13.70 (98,273) 1962______------33,924 34,056 11,636,416 1,016 220 405,171 2.56 .M 3.10 13.67 116,920
Source: Rolled Zinc Manufacturers Association. Zinc sheet produced in the United States
Sales Average Approx- Labor cost Dollars of Production Exports Average Man-hours hourly imate fringe Average as percent profit (loss) (in tons) (in tons) number of expended pay to cost per total hourly of cost of on these (A) (B) employees employees paid hour labor cost finished items Tonnage Dollars product
'- 1952______------6,930 6,864 4,281,164 299 349 636,493 $1.71 $0.18 $1.89 21.98 $62,571 1963____ ------6,881 6,700 4,098,844 449 334 665,710 1. 81 .24 2.05 28.85 205,229 191)4 ____ ------6,129 6,101 3,671,196 292 320 687,668 1.85 .30 2.15 30.55 160,057 1955•••• ------6,583 6,442 4,118,618 339 320 642,008 1.90 .30 2.20 28.53 126,104 1956____ ------5,888 6,013 4,063,219 367 315 612,668 2.03 .33 2. 36 29.72 6,350 1967------4,640 4,596 3,367,451 335 276 511, 653 2.11 .37 2.48 32.90 63,408 1968____ ------4,214 4,175 3,024, 755 294 259 428,353 2.21 .40 2.61 34.62 37,774 1959 ____ ------3,825 3, 756 2,849,939 221 245 430,992 2.26 .46 2. 72 36.68 (130,826) 1960 •••• ------3,356 3,276 2,576,121 224 223 380,767 2.30 .48 2. 78 33.65 ~251, 348) 196L••• _---- __ ------2,647 2,933 2,194,504 1M 188 279,641 2. 36 .M 2.90 32.66 421, 886) 1962------2,699 2, 752 2,026, 750 172 157 279,478 2.43 .62 3.05 33.70 (357,641)
Source: Rolled Zinc Manufacturers Association.
Zinc sheets-Imports by volume and value, Zinc sheet imports by country of origin Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. I yield to average value of imports in terms of cents [In tons] the gentleman from Washington. per pound and imports as percentage of Mr. STINSON. I also wish to com domestic production · Yugo- West Bel- Neth- United mend the gentleman for bringing this slavia Ger gium erlands King him Imports Average Imports by many dom information out. I would like to ask foreign volume as ----·1------a couple of questions. Year value of percent of 1956 ______First, is this zinc that is being imported imports domestic ------323 43 76 Tons Dollars produc- 1957---1968 ______------236 314 78 103 ------i7 into the United States from Communist (~~E)r tion 1959 ______267 361 112 141 YugoslaVia identified in any way so the 1960______222 450 113 155 6 411 251 92 68 5 purchaser of this zinc plate in this coun 1952.______1961______47 23,557 25.0 1 1962 ______769 244 67 92 5 1953 ______776 271 118 Ill 21 try can identify it as being manufactured 19M ______196 76,751 19.5 3 in a Communist country? 1955 ______259 88,010 17.0 4 431 148,389 17.2 7 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. To the best 1956 ______450 170,416 18.9 8 of my knowledge, let me say to the gen 1957------1968 ______732 244,722 16.7 16 Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, will tleman. I think not. 1969 ______823 262,324 16.9 19 the gentleman yield? 196() ______950 310,855 16. 3 25 Mr. STINSON. So a consumer in this 196L______904 301,667 16.6 27 Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. I am happy 1, 177 350,200 14.9 « country could possibly buy this zinc sheet 1962______1,298 363,916 14.0 48 to yield to the gentleman from Indiana. on the open. market in the United States Mr. ROUDEBUSH. First, I would like without any knowledge of its having Source: Imports by tons and dollar value are as re to say that I am completely in agreement been manufactured in a Communist ported by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department with the fine statement the gentleman of Commerce Commodity Classification 6559000 except country. that for the years 1952 through 1968 they have been from Indiana is making. because I know Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. To the revised in accordance with the findings of the U.S. he is well aware I represent the com best of my knowledge I am sure that is Tariff Commission in Report on Zinc Sheet-Escape munity of Greencastle, Ind., that has Clause Investigation No. 81, dated January 1960,~ _table correct. 12. Other data as computed by Rolled Zinc Manu one of these zinc mills. I know :first facturers Association. Excludes quantities erroneously hand of the tremendous damage, the Mr. STINSON. . Another question if reported as having been entered from Canada. the gentleman will permit: Is it possible tremendous loss of employment and busi that the industry manufacturing this 1962 zinc sheet imports-quantity, value, and ness which has resulted from interfering zinc sheet in Yugoslavia is subsidized by average foreign value by country of origin foreign imports of zinc. I want to in terms of cents per pound the American taxpayers through the for commend the gentleman for the wonder eign aid program? ful job he is doing in explaining this to Bel- Ja- Neth- West United Yugo- the Congress, and I certainly hope that Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. I am very gium pan er- Ger- King- slavia sorry I cannot answer the gentleman's lands many dom as a result of his efforts here today and of the astute remarks he is making that question. I do not have that information. ------Mr. STINSON. The fact that the Quan· the administration will bring in a direc United States has given something over tity tive to grant relief to a very worthwhile (pounds) 235,638 1, 788 223,011 641,395 42,567 1, 652,513 $2 billion in aid to various foreign con Value ___ $35,250 $626 $33,559 $99,685 $7,300 $187,596 industry in this country. Average stituencies and economies, it is just pos value Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. I thank the sible that some of it went to establish the (cents) __ 14.9 36.0 15.0 18.4 17.1 12.1 gentleman for his remarks. zinc sheet industry in YugoslaVia, and Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, will the that our own aid is being used against Source: U.S. Bureau of the Censua. gentleman yield? American workers in this country. 4872 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 .Mr. HARVEY :of bldiana. I thank the over North Carolina to commemorate the Crmn.well, Lord Protector, ruled the land gentleman and. can nn17 say I think that 300th. -anriivers.ary of the State. as ~ virtual dictator. is .entirely possible. , . Mr~ Sp~.. out of the vast .tract of With the death -of Cromwell in 1658 Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, _will the land designated ''Carolina" on .March 24, the English ·people .ca'll.ed to the throne gentleman yield? 1663, by King Charles II, 14 great States Charles II, the son of the beheaded Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. I yield to of the U.nlori, whoUy ()r in part~ were Charles I. On the 28th of May, 1660, the gentleman from Indi-ana. - ~bsequently -created. In view .of this his 30th birthday, Charles II entered Mr. ADAIR. .JW". Speaker, I would like fact, the Carolina Charter Ter~entenary London. to join my eolleagues in commending the Commission felt that the observ.ance -Of During the despotic rule of Oliver gel)tleman for the presentation of these the 300th anniversary of North Carolina Cromwell in our mother country, King facts here ·today. The imports of zinc was an event of significance, not onJy to Charles II had been forced to live in are h-a-ving -a very -seriously "'damaging N-orth Carolina, but to the other Stat-es France. Penniless and with few friends, e1Iect,. as the -gentleman has pointed out, of the Union and to foreign nations as he had eked out a meager existence. On upon our American economy and upon well To place the tercentenary, ·there the restolJation of the monarchy, there American employment; and .I sincerely fore, in its proper perspective, the Caro fore, Charles II was understandably hope that these remarks will serve to lina Charter Tercentenary Commission generous to those who had supported bring to those charged with the responsi requested the North Carolina delegation him with money and who had espoused bility in this respect the need for direct in the Congress to sponsor legislation to his cause in England during his exile. and immediate remedial action. create a Federal North Carolina "Tercen- To eight men who had been his Mr. HARVEY .of Indiana. As a very tenary Celebration Commission. · strongest supporters and who had done knowledgeable member of the Foreign As a member of the Judiciary Com the most for his restoration to the Eng Affairs Committee I am very sure the mittee, I was pleased to introduce the lish throne, Charles II gave the Carolina gentleman from Indiana rMr. ADAIR] is House bill creating the Commission. grant of land on March 24, 1663. aware of the impact of these importa The Commission consists of 15 members, These eight men, known in history as tions, and I am very hopeful that 4- of whom .are Member.s of the Senate the Eight Lords Proprietors of North through his support and that of my and 4: of whom are Members of the House Carolina, were distinguished English other colleagues in the House we will be of Representatives. In addition, seven men. Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendc:m, able to bring this forcefully .enough to members have .been appointed to the was Lord High Chancellor of England. the attention of the President that he Commission by the President of the George Monck, Duke of Albemarle, was can take action. United States. Master of the King's Horse and Captain I have long felt that the magnificent General of all his forces. William, Lord story of the founding of America and Craven, had been a great friend of THREE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY the growth of its democratic institutions Charles II's father. John, Lor.d Berke OF THE STATE OF NORTH CARO has largely been a story as yet untold. ley, had supported -Charles I and had LINA God has surely blessed the efforts of our joined the royal family in exiie. Sir The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. LIBO forefathers to found a new order in George Carteret was Vice Chamberlain America based on the dignity of man. NATJ:)~ Under previous order .of the of the King's household. Sir Wfillam House, the gentleman from North Caro We have grown to he the most powerful Berkeley, as Governor of Virginia, had lina tMr. WHI'l.'ENER] is .recogmlzed for 60 nation tn the world, and our voice -com persuaded his colony to stand by Charles minutes. :r;nands attention in the councils of the II, even though he was in exlle. Sir John Mr. WHITENER. IMr. Spea1ker., -yes great. Colleton had supported the royal cause As we have made material progress in the 'Barbados. Anthony Ashley Coop terday, March 24, 1963, marked an his I am afraid we have failed to give enough tone milestone in the long and proud er ~.as Chancellor of the Exchequer and attention to the wonderful and tnspirilig b.1story of the State of North Carolina. subsequently was created the Earl of history of our Nation. In our zeal to Shaftesbury. Three hundred -years ago -yesterda-y King build a new order of material wealth Ohartes II of England issued 1L charter we have overlooked, to a great extent, The Eight Lords Proprietors, of course, at b4s royal court in Westminster, con were not aware of the extent of the vast veying to eight of his close friends and some of the basic lessons to be learned property they acquired in the New World supportel'S a :vast tract of land ln Nolth from our illustrious past. through the generosity of Charles II. America. The grant extended .south I sincerely believe that if we ·are to In 1585 an unsuccessful .attempt had ward from present-day Virgin.la to FlOr maintain our position ..of greatness and been made by Sir Walter Raleigh to es ida, lWhich was then a SpaniSh posses if we are to reach the fulfUJment nf the tablish an English .settlement -on Roa grand design bequeathed to us by our sion~ and from the Atlantic Ocean to the noke Island, N.C. This was 20 years be South Seas, or Pacific Oce.anJ forefathers, we must rededicate ourselves fore the settlement of the Virginia to ~deals · OVer his royal seal King Charles of the .fundameliltalprinci_ples and Jamestown Colony .and more than three ficially designated the territory conveyed of our forefathers. In :short, Mr. decades prior to the founding of the in the charter as "Carolina." March Speaker, we must again study and learn Plymouth Colony. 24. to appreciate the history of our Nation. 1963, theref-ore.. marked the 300th anni Whem the Car&ina Charter of 16.63 versary of the founding of the modem The venerable poet, historian, amd was given to the Proprietors, North State of North Carolina. philosopher, Carl Sandburg, has said: Carolina had approximately 2,000 Eu The people of North Carolina take If :America forgets where she .came from, ropean inhabitants. Most of these had pride in the history and the accomplish if 't;he people lose sight of what brought them filtered into Carolina from the Virginia along, if she listens to the deniers and ments of our great State. They are fully mockers, then wlll begin rot and dissolution. colony. The ill-fated Sir Walter Ral aware of the fact that our State existed eigh Co1olly, founded in 1585 on Roa long before there was a United States of The citizens of North Carolina are well noke Island, had disappeared from the America. They are proud of the tre aware of the truth of Mr. Sandburg's face of the earth. The fate of the 117 mendous -prog-ress the State has made statement. Thus, in this year of the members of the colony still remains a in industry and in the arts and sciences 300th anniversary of our great State, mystery. durina the past 300 years. they are rededicating themselves to the The Charter of 1663 described Caro To make appropriate plans to com eternal principles upon which their free lina as 14not yet cultivated or planted memorate the ter.centenar_y of North society was fotm.-ted. and only inhabited by some barbarous Carolina, the general assembly of the For a moment let us examine the people who have no knowledge of Al State established the carolina Charter events that led up to the founding of mighty God." The charter, however, Tercentenary Commission in l9.5Jt Dis Caroiina. It is a remarkable t!)&ge in his extended to the people then in Carolina tinguished Nm-th Carolinians from .every tory. On · January . 30, 1649, King part of the State .are servlll.g on the Charles I of England was beheaded. and to the future citizens of the colony commisslon. Under the .direction of the There followed a period of great up all of th-e rights -and ptlvileges that Eng commission pageants, p1ays, and histori heaval and political unrest in the coun lishmen had iriberited in the ·centuries cal observances are being held this year try. England was without a king. Oliver since Magna Carta. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4873 The Lords Proprietors were required: table," as it was called. then, was widely religious tolerance in the area encom . To ordain, make, enact, and under their used as the currency of the colony. passed by the grant. seals to publish any laws whatsoever, either The proprietary government of North It is this tolerance and the Charter's appe~inlng to the public state of the said Caroliila lasted until the Carolina Char concepts of freedom of thought, that province or the private· utlllty of particular ter was surrendered to the English Crown have been handed down through· the persons, according to their best discretion in l729. In that year North Carolina centuries and have helped make this of, and with the advice, assent, and appro became a royal colony and so remained country what it is today. bation of the freemen of the said province, or of the greater part of them, or of their until it threw off the English yoke and The fact that the first effort by the delegates or deputies; whom, for enacting assumed its position as a sovereign State English to colonize the United States of the said laws, when and as often as need in the American Union. occurred in what is now North Carolina shall require, we will that the said Edward, Mr. Speaker, this is the inspiring story is well known. What is less known is Earl of Clarendon; and their heirs, shall, from of the founding of representative govern that in Edenton, N.C., and Bath, N.C., time to time, assemble, 1n such manner and ment in North Carolina. From the ap we find the first permanent North Caro form as to them shall seem best. proximately 2,000 people who inhabited lina settlements that stimulated the mi At another point in the charter King Carolina in 1663 we have grown to a gration which swept across the State and Charles said that the people of Carolina great State stretching from the Atlantic to the south. Just yesterday tercenten as his subjects: Ocean to the highest crest of the Appa ary exercises were held at old St. Thomas Should enjoy, give, sell, alien_. and be lachian mountains and embracing within Church at Bath, N.C. The communion queath; as likewise, all Uberties, franchises, our borders nearly 5 million citizens en service at this church was given by Queen and privileges of this our Kingdom of Eng gaged in industry, commerce, and the Anne. Other historical homes and build land and of our dominions aforesaid, may arts and sciences. ings of the community were open. It freely and quietly have, possess, and enjoy The motto of our great State is "To was here that the first library in Caro as our liege people born within the same, Be, Rather Than To Seem." We have lina was established. without the let, molestation, vexation, fulfilled the meaning of this motto in On April 6 in Edenton, N.C., the Post trouble, or grievance of us, our heirs and successors; any statute, act, ordinanee, or every respect. The history of North omce Department will issue a commem provision to the contrary notwithstanding. Carolina has been carved by men of vi orative stamp that honors the Caro sion and faith in the American ideal. lina Charter. There is some question as Mr, Speaker, it will be seen, that North As the people of our State pause this to whether the first post omce in the Carolina was founded upon the principle year to mark the SOOth anniversary of area encompassed by the grant was in of representative govenunent and that the Carolina Charter which gave birth Edenton or Bath, N.C., but the question the rights of Englishmen were guaran to their free society, they will take re does not take away in any respect the teed to Carolinians. For 300 years the newed faith in the great principles which privilege that is Edenton's in being the citizens of the State have cultivated their have enabled North Carolina to reach a focal point for the issuance of this com free institutums. The people of North position of eminence among the States memorative stamp, that is of signifi Carolina have always been jealous of of the Union. In developing an under cance to all America and particularly to their rights 'Rlld privileges as free citi standing of the glorious past of North the North Carolinians. zens. Carolina, and indeed of the founding of It is right and proper that this 300th Even the Lords Proprietors were well liberty in the New World, our people will anniversary observance should extend aware of the Independent nature of be better prepared to face the trials of far beyond the boundaries of the district ·North Carolinians. A few years after the present and the uncertainties of the I represent, for each part of the State Carolina was founded the Proprietors future. has played a part in the development of said plaintively in a message directed to It is my hope that our sister States will the area covered by the grant. It is also ·Carolinians that they were "a people that join with North Carolina in this proud fitting and proper that the observance of .neither understood your [thetrJ own nor moment in her long history. May the this 300th anniversary should extend to regarded our-the Proprietors'-1nter 300th anniversary of Carolina be a spark the schools, the colleges, and the univer ests." which will rekindle a desire on the part sities, to cultural projects and religious Approximately 6 months after the of every American to learn more of the programs, and in effect to all the peoples Lords Proprietors received their charter heritage of their Nation and by so doing of the State, for each is concerned with -trom King Charles one of their number, become better citizens. the events of the first century of the Sir William Berkeley, Governor of Vir Mr. BONNER. Mr. -Speaker, will the colony's history and the provisions for ginia, was given the authority to exercise gentleman yield? the above that were written in the the powers of government in Albermarle, Mr. WHITENER. I am happy to yield charter. the only portion of Carolina settled at to my colleague from North Carolina. - One of the great traditions of North that time. Sir mmam Berkeley, in turn, Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, I want Carolina has been the fact that progress appointed William Drummond, "a sober to pay the gentleman from North Caro has .been made through the cooperation Scotch gentleman of good repute" in lina the highest tribute I know for de of all its peoples. This is why it ts quite 1664 as Governor. livering here this morning a historical fitting that no specific city or area be In 1665 the first formal plan of govern paper that calls to the attention of designated as the focal point for the ment for carolina was adopted pursuant America the great occasion that is tak celebration of this 300th anniversary. to the charter. It is known as the ing place in the State of North Carolina Because it is a statewide project of Concessions and Agreement of 1665. Un :in this tercentenary event. interest to all the State's peoples, it is der the Concessions, a popular assembly Mr. Speaker, in 1584 and 1585, the best that the programs which are being was created which had much broader first and second efforts of Sir Walter conducted are done at a local level and powers than were actually required by Raleigh to settle the New World were centered upon local personalities, sites, the Proprietors' charter. -made on Roanoke Island, North Caro- or events of significance during the early The Concessions and Agreement of 1ina. At that time the entire area was history of the colony, and the entire area 1665 was, in turn, succeeded by the Fun christened "Virginia" in honor of Eng is full of great historic events that had damental Constitutions of Carolina in land's virgin Queen Elizabeth. The bearing on the eventual founding of the 1669. This plan of government was third expedition, due to trials and trib independence and the freedom of the known as the "Grand Model." It was ulations of the second, moved on to the peoples of America who exist today. not as successful an instrument of gov deep waters of the Chesapeake and set . I am proud that the real history of the ernment as the Concessions. The colony tled at Jamestown. ·development of North Carolina began in was plagued by what has been described This occasion is particularly signifi- the district I have the honor to repre as "many and various commotions, dis- cant to me because it is in the district sent, and the first English-speaking child orders and irregularities." · -that I have the honor to represent that was born on Roanoke Island, which is Although there was friction and tur ·the first vestiges of permanent coloniza now part of Dare County, N.C., and that moil in· the Carolina Colony, it made tion took place in the Carolinas. The a drama has been held at Fort Raleigh great advancement under the Proprie charter that we commemorate today was for 20 years or more portraying that first tors. Tobacco, the -''bewitching vege- the first to provide for the beginning of effort to settle the New World. However, 4874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 it pleases me that this is a tercentenary concerning the historical significance of North Carolina but people from all the celebration that reaches all parts of the these events in North Carolina and the States that are embraced in this total State-the Albemarle, the Pamlico, the importance that they have even today in grant covering some 14 States of our Cape Fear, the Piedmont, and the Blue the history of our country. You know Union. Ridge. For it was people who came history shows us that many civilizations It is significant to me that in this so through from the eastern part of the have risen and have fallen and history called statewide celebration, historic as country and from the eastern seaboard also shows us that these civilizations have it is~ it was deemed advisable to keep it that made the march across our country built many monuments to materialism, at the lower level, the level of the com that caused our country tO grow. They usually under a dictatorship-type of munity where the people themselves re banded themselves together and went government. side, the grassroots, where they can get into the forest and conquered the wild It also shows us that these monuments inspiration from what took place 300 and laid the foundation so that men have rotted and decayed. They leave years ago when the forebears of the pres could live today in freedom and in com their silent remains as proof to us that ent generation had the drive and the ini fort and enjoy their respective ways of these civilizations failed. Why did they tiative to move westward to what is now life. fail? It is because human freedom was our Pacific coast. Mr. Speaker, I thank you and I con not the basis for their existence. To me it is a very great event. We gratulate my distinguished colleague I am certainly glad to see that our edu share with all the people in this great from North Carolina [Mr. WHITENER] cational institutions are taking part in area our pride that the gentleman must for introducing the resolution that com this great celebration that we are plan have [Mr. WHITENER], a member of this memorates this great occasion and for ning and are having in North Carolina Commission, and the others in North arranging these proceedings today so and that the young people and all of the Carolina, who have meant so much in that we might speak about this tercen people today can be made aware of the bringing this to the attention not only of tenary celebration. past history not only of our State but the North Carolinians but to people Mr. WHITENER. I thank my col also of our country as a whole. Through everywhere. league, the gentleman from North Caro these·and other events, let us rededicate I commend the gentlemen from North lina [Mr. BoNNER] for his splendid ourselves to the continuation of liberty Carolina [Mr. BROYHILL and Mr. BON remarks, and I would join him in empha and freedom in America. NER], and the other members ot the sizing that on April 6 at Edenton, N.C., Mr. wmTENER~ I thank my col North Carolina delegation, and others the Carolina tercentenary commemora league for his participation in this dis who will offer for the RECORD their state tive stamp which the gentleman has cussion and assure him that the people ment and thinking along this line. mentioned will go on sale for the first of North Carolina are aware of the ac Mr.- WHITENER. I thank the gentle time. I understand there is a great pub tivities planned in his congressional dis man from the Seventh District for his lic interest in this outstanding event. trict in the Watauga County area, par- contribution. I take note of his refer Now, Mr. Speaker, I yield to my col ticularly. . ence to what may be derived today from league, the gentleman from North Caro Mr. LENNON. Mr. Speaker, will the the lessons of the past. I known that the lina [Mr. BROYHILL]. · gentleman yield? -gentleman comes from one of the lead Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina. Mr. WHITENER. I am happy to yield ing tobacco districts of America. .I am Mr. Speaker, may I commend the gentle to my colleague from North Carolina. sure in his section of the State the peo man from North Carolina [Mr. WHITE Mr. LENNON. Mr. Speaker, -I want to ple will take great interest in the fact NER] for bringing to the attention of this commend my distinguished friend and that the first known crop control pro body this historical event. The word colleague from North Carolina for being gram in the history of the world, I sup "tercentenary" is a large word. The ter the author of this resolution which pro pose, was proposed for Carolina territory. centenary celebration in North Carolina vides for the celebration of this signifl In 1Q66, Gov. William Drummond, of calls for large plans throughout our State .cant . historical event in our State. . ·North Carolina, met at St. Mary's the to commemorate the 300th anniversary North Carolina is rich in history and first capital of Maryland, with represent of the founding of North Carolina. Vis tradition; it has a great heritage. It has atives of Virginia and Maryland to itors to North Carolina this year will a greater heritage, I might say quite inve~tigPte the possibility of controlling find a wide variety of attractions to make vainly, if you want to call it that, quite -tobacco prices. The plan called for a their stay a memorable one. Throughout vainly, than any State I know of. I think temporary suspension of tobacco plant the State local groups and communities it is significant for us _to keep in mind .ing which would result in a tobacco are scheduling programs of varying type that this charter that was issued 300 shortage. The shortage, they hoped, and degree, which usually will be cen years ago yesterday embraced the grant would iii turn increase the price paid for tered on local personalities, sites, and area that it did. As has already been the tobacco crop. The Carolina Legis events of significance during the early mentioned by the _ ge1;1ti~man from North lative Assembly was willing to impose the history of our State and our colony. As -Carolina [Mr. WHITENER] and by the_dis controls, but the plan failed. of adoption an example, on June 27 through the 29, tinguished gentleman from the First because Lord Baltimore, the proprietor the people of Watauga County and the Congressional District [Mr. BoNNER], of Maryland, refused to go along wit~ town of Boone, which is situated in the and our friend from the Blue Ridge area the agreement. beautiful Blue Ridge Mountains of North of North Carolina, it started at what Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, will the Carolina, will join in these commemora would be now the northern boundary of gentleman yield? tive events. An outstanding program Virginia and extep.ded southward to what . Mr. WHITENER. I yield to the gen and appropriate ~vents are being planned is now the northern boundary of Florida. tleman from North Carolina. including the opemng presentation of That is a great expanse and area, and Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, I desire the 1963 edition of ~'Horn in the West:• then from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pa to join my colleaguef;i in paying honor which is a sup~rlative outdoor drama. cific Ocean, embracing today_14 or per to North Carolina on the 300th anniver This part of the State is of particular haps 15 of our finest States in our union sary of the North Carolina Charter, is significance because 200 years ago that of States. sued in 1663. famous frontiersman and. explorer, It is significant to me that just in 1949 This document, on display in the Daniel Boone, first crossed the Blue after. many years of search, North Caro North Carolina Hall of History at Ridge to open up the western part of our linians were able to locate the original Raleigh, was issued on March 24, 1663, country. In this program at Boone, charter. . They found it in the hands of by King Charles n, of England, to eight which is named _for this great explorer, a bookseller or merchant in England, in loyal supp_orters whose assistance there will be events to commemorate his London, to be more precise. Funds were helped the King regain the Englisn great achievements. A _wagon train will forthwith raised to purchase this historic throne. be sent across tne origip.al route that he document to bring it back to North Caro The original area granted to these took to cross the Blue Ridge and to open ·lina where it is now housed in our ar- eight lord proprietors would dwarf up our great West. . .chives of history at our capitol at Ra North Carolina's present.size. The·area I was particularly interested, Mr. leigh. Here it is seen visually and studied . was so immense it extended southward Speaker, in the remarks of my colleague by literally hundreds of thousands of f-rom Virginia to Florida and from the from North Carolina [Mr. WHITENER] people every year, not only people from Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, or 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· :HOUSE 4875 "South Seas,!' as the Pacific was known ment pl-ans for the observance of this -enjoyed by Englishmen under English in those early· days. most significant occasion. The Federal laws. Thus the shadow of the Magna · By 1763-100 years after issuance of Government has also put -its stamp of Charta was extended, through the Caro the charter-the colony's population approval on the event,, literally, by ar lina Charter, to the shores of the New had grown to approximately 200,000 ranging f<>r the issuance next month of World. persons and the settlement had ex a commemorative _postage stamp hon The impact of this guarantee of politi tended westward to the Blue Ridge ·oring the· tercentenary of the Carolina cal freedom was reflected in the first Mountains. Charter of 1663. General Assembly of North Carolina in It should be pointed out that North I am sure that I voice the sentiments 1665 and in the several constitutions Carolina did not omcially become North of the House when I extend felicitations which were to follow. And so we feel Carolina until December 7, 1710, when to the present-day beneficiaries of the that in Carolina was the genesis of those the area then referred to only as Caro Carolina Charter of 1663, and express democratic ideals which have become lina was divided into North and South confidence that the principles of freedom the cornerstone of our great country and Carolina. and justice which it conveyed to our land which, please God, will continue to moti I wish to take this occasion to pay will continue to flourish and be strength vate our national life. particular tribute to the North Carolina ened in the decades and generations that The formal opening of the tercenten Tercentenary Commission for the out lie ahead. ary celebration occurred in January of standing contribution it has made in Mr. HALLECK. I want to join with this year at the Governor's mansion in calling to the attention of North Caro our distinguished Speaker, the members Raleigh. The occasion was highlighted linians the importance of this 300th an of the delegation in this House from by an immense birthday cake, shaped niversary in our history and heritage. North Carolina, and with the people of like the U.S. map, bearing 300 candles, One hundred years ago, we were in the the great State of North Carolina in which Governor Sanford handily extin -midst of the War between the States and calling the attention of the entire Na guished in four mighty blows. little time was available to commemo tion to the tercentenary celebration of There are many more events to fol rate the 200th anniversary of the Caro the Charter to the Lords Proprietors of low in our observance of the granting of lina Charter. Two hundred years ago, Carolina by King Charles II on March the Carolina Charter of 1663, for when the French and Indian War was drawing 24, 1663. anything of such import becomes 300 to a close and few stopped to look back Certainly, the granting of the Caro years old, it calls for a statewide cele over the previous 100 years. lina Charter ranks among events of pri bration. These events will call into This makes it even more fitting that mary historical importance to this play all our State resources in the cul we should pause this year to commemo Nation. From these vast tracts of terri tural arts, and they are many. Long rate North Carolina's 300th year as a tory, a large segment of this Nation has before the National Capital became unit of government. been formed. From the people it has concerned about the preservation and As a closing thought, I would state produced have come a succession of enhancement of our national cultural that the last 300 years have been years leaders who have helped to fashion the heritage, the State of North Carolina of progress for North Carolina so that detailed architecture of our democracy was quietly going about its business of its future today is bright and promising. and its social and economic institutions. encouraging the arts-through many We are proud of our history and are Surely these leaders and the people who channels: the State Literary and His proud to be one of the 50 States which, sent them forth have added to the torical Society, which every year holds collectively, make America what it is strength. prosperity, and wisdom of the a "culture week" in our State capital of today. Nation. Raleigh; the North Carolina Symphony Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, Again, let me express the assurance Orchestra, widely renowned; the Caro Sunday, March 24, will mark the 300th that all Americans celebrate with you lina Playmakers at Chapel Hill and the anniversary of the Carolina Charter of and that their interest will be proved Little Theater movement throughout the 1663. The grant was issued by King when they join with Carolinians this State; the State Art Gallery, the finest, Charles II of England to eight prominent summer in attending the festivals and say some, south of Washington, and military and political leaders of the time ceremonies that are being planned to many other university and private art whose help had been indispensable to mark this historic occasion. galleries; our grassroots opera company; him. It embraced an immense territory: Mr. KORNEGAY. Mr. Speaker, by and our Impressive galaxy of writers in all the land between the 36th parallel of appointment from you on January 31, all areas of the written word. latitude on the north and the 31st paral 1963, I have the honor to serve as a mem If we appear too fulsome in praise of lel on the south, and stretching from the ber of the North Carolina Tercentenary our State today, Mr. Speaker, we are Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This tre Celebration Commission, established by but carrying out the injunction of the mendous tract included not only the joint Senate and House resolutions, en late Dr. R. D. W. Connor, of North Caro present-day States of North and South acted into Public Law 437 of the 87th lina, a historian of note and the first Carolina, but also all or part of anum Congress. The House division of the ter Archivist of the United States, who said: ber of States of our country. centenary celebration commission, un A people who have not the pride to record Although the charter of 1663 was not der the able chairmanship of my North their history will not long have the virtue the first, nor the last, patent affecting the Carolina colleague, the Honorable BASIL to make history that is worth recording. modern Carolinas to be issued by English WHITENER, works in cooperation with the In connection with our tercentenary sovereigns, it was the most significant Carolina Charter Tercentenary Commis celebration, we are very much gratified because it put the new colony on a per sion, created by the General Assembly of that the Post Office Department will is manent footing and added yet another North Carolina. sue a 5-cent commemorative stamp, de brick to the structure of our American The purpose of the State and Federal picting the first page of the Carolina heritage. For this charter qualified the Commissions is to assist in developing Charter against a background of red vast powers of the lords proprietors, as plans for the celebration of the 300th velvet. The stamp was unveUed by its beneficiaries were called, to "enact anniversary of the granting of the Caro Postmaster General J. Edward Day at any laws whatsoever pertaining to the lina Charter by King Charles II to the ceremonies held here in the Capitol on public state of the said Providence, or to ·eight Lords Proprietors. The territorial February 28. First-day sale of the stamp the private utility of particular persons," . scope of the charter was tremendous, will take place on April 6 in -Edenton, by making such laws subject to the running southward from · Virginia to N.C., one of the early settlements of the "advice, consent, and approbation of the Florida and west to the Pacific Ocean. State which even today retains much of freemen of the· said Providence, or the ·I believe even ·my colleagues from the its colonial atmosphere. greater part of them, or of their delegates .Lone Star State will admit that this is We extend to our. colleagues in the or deputies'' who wer~ required to be as . nearly as big as the State of Texas. Congress a cordial invitation to visit sembled from time to time. But even more significant than its North Carolina, either for the first day The 87th Congress by its Public · Law territorial dimensions were the guaran of .issue of this stamp or for some of the 437 provided for the establishment of.the tees contained in the charter to the subsequent ·celebrations which will be North Carolina Tercentenary Celebra settlers within the boundaries to form a held in this tercentenary year from Mur- tion Commission to formulate and imple- government of freemen with the rights phy to Manteo. · 4876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 Come down and drive over our fine Charter established a land grant to eight in the hope and belief that the future highways which unwind like silver rib men extending from coast to coast in a would bring large returns. But they did bons from the mountains to the sea. strip bordered roughly to the north by not know that it would-they ventured Visit Mount Mitchell, the highest peak what is now the present-day border of much. Most of the natural obstacles east of the Rockies; visit Roanoke Is Virginia, and to the south by what is they encountered have now been re land, birthplace of Virginia Dare, the now Florida. moved and we in modern North Carolina first white child born in America; see To those interested in colonial history, have no occasion to test our mettle Kill Devil Hill, where the first flight of 1963 is the ideal year to visit North Caro against the· forces and challenges which a power-driven airplane was made by lina, as local groups will be sponsoring the early Carolinians met. · Even so, the Wright Brothers; and by all means various programs throughout the entire while we celebrate the 300th anniversary visit our capital city of Raleigh, with its year in observance of the tercentennial of Carolina's first charter, it is in the best brandnew State House and its beauti of the charter, and colonial history will of order to ask ourselves a couple of ques ful old Capitol Building of classic Greek be highlighted throughout the entire tions: How do we of today compare with design. And while there do not fail to State. them in the qualities · of self-reliance, visit the Hall of History, a component of Mr. SCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I want to fighting spirit, personal courage, initia the State Department of Archives and join my colleagues in congratulating the tive, general strength of character, and History, where you may see the self Carolina Charter Tercentenary Commis urge for individual and collective free same charter we are talking about to sion upon the valuable and lasting serv dom? Do we as willingly an~ courage day, for North Carolina owns the char ice it has rendered, and will doubtless ously meet the challenges and respon ter, one of the most rare and interesting continue to render throughout its exist sibilities of modern life as they met those documents of the world. ence, to the great State of North Caro of a far more difficult period? Although I have referred to our State lina by bringing into better focus and In ·this tercentenary year, let us cele cultural activities and interests, let me emphasizing the early history of our brate and glory in the achievements of assure you that we Tar Heels are really State. I would also commend the hun those early Carolinians who broke the as plain as old shoes. The Old North dreds of others who are assisting in a ground and laicl the foundation for our State was not settled by the aristocracy variety of ways to publicize and drama great State. But let us be constantly but by plain people. So along with our tize our colonial history and to make a reminded that the glory is theirs, not culture, come down and enjoy our corn memorable success of the celebration of ours, and that all of our narratives and pone and chittlin's, our coon hunts and Carolina's 300th year. pageants will not add one whit to the fish fries, breathe our fresh mountain North Carolina is justly proud of the significance and worth of their struggles air, sniff our sea coast medley of smells; part it has taken in the founding and and accomplishments. As we celebrate, play our splendid sandhills golf courses; building of the greatest nation on earth. then, let us also pause and take stock of go deep-sea fishing off our coast; see our No country in the world has ever started ourselves with the view of honestly de rolling, industrialized Piedmont where so humbly and achieved so much in so termining whether we individually and my own district is located and where you short a period as America. It did not collectively possess those qualities of will find many colleges and universities, happen by chance. character and spirit that would prompt, including the University of North Caro As we celebrate Carolina's tercenten urge, and enable us, if such were pos lina, the first State university to open nial in song, pageant, documentary, nar sible, to stand in their stead and dupli its doors to students, and Duke Univer rative and otherwise, I sincerely hope cate their feats. A negative finding will sity, as well as famous-name textile, fur that all North Carolinians will be con be cause for concern because real prog niture, and tobacco factories, famed bat stantly mindful, or at least often re ress in an individual or in a State in tlegrounds, and the finest people in the minded, of the character and spirit of volves intangibles which are neither world. the men and women of 300 years ago seen nor measured by material stand In short, do just about whatever you who undertook the building of a State ards. enjoy doing. You name it, for we be in a strange, desolate and wild region. In substance, all recorded history is an lieve we have it. The events which marked the develop account of how individuals and nations And so, in the vernacul~r of some sec ment and progress of colonial Carolina have met and dealt with the challenges tions of our State, let me extend this are of immense historical interest, of and responsibilities of their times. invitation, which in North Carolina is course, but we of modern North Carolina Other peoples, as well before as since unsurpassed in neighborliness and en should find something more than mere 1663, have taken ignominious flight be thusiasm: "Y'all come." interest in the spirit and attiude of the fore challenge and responsibility, having Mr. HENDERSON. Mr. Speaker, people in whose lives and activities our neither the will nor the courage to as March 24, 1963, marks the 300th anni State had its beginning. We should find sume the posture of men and take on versary of the granting of the Carolina inspiration and a challenge. the responsibilities essential to the crea Charter of 1663, and in commemoration Three hundred years ago, Carolina tion and development of a stable system of that great historical event, the Caro was not merely an underdeveloped area, of free government. Such peoples lina Charter Tercentenary Commission, as we understand and so often use that abound in the world today. established by the North Carolina Gen term today, but was an undeveloped raw I believe the qualities of character and eral Assembly, has planned appropriate wilderness. Early Carolinians had no spirit essential to the establishment of observances throughout 1963. indulgent and benevolent government a stable system of free government are The original charter itself is preserved upon which to lean and depend for their the same today as they were 300 years in North Carolina's Hall of History in needs from the cradle to the grave; there ago or 3,000 years ago and as they will Raleigh, where it is carefully encased were no public welfare programs, no be 300 years hence. And I believe that in such a way as to protect it while still government lending agencies, and no the maintenance of such a system is more making it available for page-by-page foreign aid programs. But they had difficult than its establishment. inspection. It is one of only six of the something of far greater worth, the It is suggested from time to time that original charters so preserved. qualities of character and spirit that un the so-called underdeveloped countries A number of significant programs and derlie all individual and State stability of the world can eventually be stabilized ceremonies are planned for the entire and progress. They actively sought a economically and politically by giving year. Some have already been held and way of life which they knew beforehand them economic, military and technical others are scheduled. The U.S. Post would bring them face to face with dan aid. I do not agree. Such aids may Office Department has approved the is gers, obstacles, barriers, and challenges temporarily serve an apparently good suance of a special commemorative unnumbered and unknown. purpose but they will never imbue the stamp for this occasion and was recently What kind of people were they? What unveiled in the Capitol by Postmaster possessed them? They were proud, in people of these countries with the char General Day. The stamp will be placed dependent, and self-reliant; their un acter and spirit which moves and drives on sale for the first time at Edenton, dertakings and accomplishments under individuals and peoples to fight for the N.C., on April6. hardship conditions required great per privilege of assuming responsibility. Texans and Alaskans who like to boast sonal courage, initiative, stamina, and Freedom grows out of the assumption of the size of their respective States determination. They were willing to of responsibility; it has no other source. might note that the original Carolina work, strive, venture, and sacrifice much To personally or collectively face up to 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 4877 the challenges of responsibility is the composed of four Members of the Sen FOUR HUN DRED GERMANS MAKING NASSER price of freedom. ate, four Members of the House, and MISSILE Little more than 100 years after the seven members appointed by 'the Presi (By Antony Terry) charter of 1663, Carolinians joined 1n a dent o: the United States. I am very BoNN, March 23.-In Egypt's closely war and fought and died for the privilege proud to serve as a member on that Com guarded missile center Project 333, near of assuming the responsibilities of in mission by appointment of the Speaker Cairo, nearly 400 German scientists and of the House. technicians, most of them from the wartime dependence and self -government. I wish German V-2 missile center at Penemunde, that the people of all the restless and are working on the first Egyptian-made underdeveloped countries of the world rocket missile with warheads containing today could be taught and made to un GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND radioactive materials designed for President derstand and take unto themselves the REMARKS Gamal Abdel Nasser. lessons that may be learned from the Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Details of this work have been known to example of early Carolina. Let us re Bonn authorities for some time and have unanimous consent that all Members caused some concern here. member them, too. Our system is estab may have 5 legislative days in which to Israeli anxiety over the military effects of lished; so let us look to its maintenance. extend their remarks on the subject on Egyptian rocket development on the power Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, March 24, which I just spoke. balance in the Mideast at a time when talks 1963, marked the 300th anniversary of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there on federation of Egypt, Syria and Iraq are the granting of the Carolina Charter by objection to the request of the gentle getting underway has led to the recent "un King Charles II of England. We North derground war" by Israel agents in West man from North Carolina? Germany. Carolinians proudly trace our American There was no objection. heritage to this historic document. Their aim has been to buy off or scare off When the charter was granted, North German experts engaged on this rocket work. Though their efforts have been widespread Carolina as we know it today is esti GERMANS MAKING NASSER and, according to some German sources, as mated to have contained but 2,000 peo MISSILES emciently organized as Eichmann kidnapping ple. They had emigrated to a wild, commandos, they have met with only mod unexplored, undeveloped wilderness The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under erate success. seeking religious and political freedom previous order of the House, the gentle VANISHED MYSTERIOUSLY and an opportunity to improve their man from New York [Mr. FARBSTEINl is One of the West Germans who vanished economic status. From this humble be recognized for 30 minutes. mysteriously last September is Heinz Krug, ginning, North Carolina has grown to the Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I a former insurance clerk who ran a firm with point where our State now contains over wish to direct the attention of this House headquarters in Munich, whose job was to 4% million people. to developments involving the Federal purchase materials and technical equipment We are all rightfully proud of the ad Republic of West Germany and the in Europe for Egypt's misslle research and vances our StatJ has made in agricul United Arab Republic, with respect to construction. ture, industry, education and the arts the manufacture of weapons of mass After the war and before joining thn Egyptians, Krug was a member of the Ger . during three centuries of progress. The destruction, that I regard as a grave man research physics under West Germany's emphasis in North Carolina today is on threat to peace and stability in the Near best known missile expert, Prof. Eugen Saen industrial expansion and the improve East. ger, who was among the first to advise Nas ment of our educational facilities, in These events indicate a need by our ser on his rocket program. Saenger is re short, on the future. This is well and Government for closer scrutiny of West ported to have received a $5.6 million fee good because no civilization can progress Germany's role in NATO. for himself and his German team. Saenger by resting on its oars and reliving the I refer, Mr. Speaker, to the active col was persuaded to return to West Germany past. But as the French poet Lamar laboration of German scientists and and is now teaching in West Berlin. West German authorities believed for a tine said, "History teaches everything, German industries in the efforts of Colo while that after Krug vanished and left his even the future." nel Nasser, dictator of the United Arab family in Munich that he had defected to So I think it is important that in the Republic, to perfect rockets with radio Israel. When he disappeared, he was said year 1963, which marks the 300th an logical and bacteriological warheads for to be in the company of "an Egyptian visi niversary of the granting of the charter use in the destruction of Israel and oth tor" and information since received from from which comes North Carolina as we er countries in Nasser's aggressive de Cairo showed that documents this man was know it today, the attention of the peo signs on his neighbors. carrying were forgeries. ple of our State and the Nation should In justifying the nefarious work of But West German intelligence has since rec;:eived hints that Krug, who was more a be focused on some of the lessons to be German scientists and technicians, au businessman than a scientist, may after all learned from the past. Our forefathers thorities at Bonn are trying to hide be have been wanted by the Egyptians--for brought representative government to hind a cloak of spurious legalism all too having tried to doublecross and sell informa this land and they earned their freedom reminiscent of the "laws" of the Nazi era tion on his purchasing group to the Israelis. by a great outpouring of blood, sweat, under which Germans perpetrated hor TAKEN BY TWO OTHERS and tears. Many of us take this heritage rendous deeds and later said they "were Krug's place has since been taken by two too lightly. We can all glibly recite the only doing their duty." other German scientists who normally work things we feel we have a right to expect German morality may now be reason in Egypt. One is Paul Gercke, the elec from our country but many fail to real ably questioned at the very time we hear tronics missiles guidance expert whose 25- ize that there is a corresponding obliga demands from Bonn for stronger influ year-old daughter, Heidi, is alleged by the tion. The North Carolina General As ence in NATO and nuclear weaponry. Swiss authorities to have been pressured sembly in 1959 established the Carolina Instead of contributing a fair share to by two Israeli agents who were arrested by Charter Tercentenary Commission and the Swiss police earlier this month after they the peaceful development of developing had tried to get her father to join the Is the commission is planning a series of countries in cooperation with the United raelis. Bonn security authorities have been festivals and ceremonies designed tore States-and I must stress the prosperity watching rival activities of Israeli and Egyp fresh the memories of our people about of German economy-some Germans are tian agents in their competition for West some of the significant events in our irresponsibly seeking to grow even more German missile-experts with growing anx State's great history. prosperous as merchants of death cater iety. The Bonn constitution gives every · A cordial invitation is extended to our ing to the treacherous Colonel Nasser. West German citizen nominal right to work fellow citizens from the other States of Bonn has as much governmental re where and for whom he chooses and the the Union, .and to friends from abroad, Bonn Government claims it has no power to sponsibility to keep radiological and Ger direct labor or stop the German scientists to visit North Carolina during this ter man rockets out of Egyptian hands as and technicians from selling their specialist centenary year. They will find .that the United States has to prevent its citi knowledge to the highest bidder. North Carolina indeed has a glorious zens and industries from -doing similar past and a bright and promising future. UNREPENTANT NAZIS work for Castro Cuba, which, inciden Nevertheless, it is known that the hard The Congress of the United States tally, is a good friend of Nasserite Egypt. core of the German scientific colony in Egypt recogn~ed the importance of this aimi: I wish to direct attention to the fol are unrepentant Nazis, many of whom fled versary by creating a North Carolina lowing authoritative news reports per there after the war with avowed aiin of help Tercentenary Celebration Co:mrilission taining to the situation I have described. ing the Arab world with scientific know-how 4878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 to continue the fight against the Jews. helped to establish an iron and steel plant postwar Germany, according to the influen In addition to Israeli protests, the Egyptian now producing 300,000 tons annually. A tial and respected Israeli newspaper Haaretz. Government has also been flooding the West growing stream of German scientists has "This and other bitter editorial comment German security authorities recently with followed them during the past 2 years. in the wake of the Knesset resolution ap detalls of the alleged activities of Israeli According to Israeli information, they now peared to reflect a deep public resentment of commanders in West Germany who are try number almost 500, and have succeeded in Germany's position and a revival of the old ing to intimidate the German rocket experts. laying the foundations of Egypt's heavy in wounds and memories of the Nazi period. It Egyptians, for instance, provided Bonn dustry and war plant. These items include seemed clear that Ben-Gurion's policy had with full details of passports accidentally the construction of an atomic reactor plant suffered at least a psychological defeat which left behind by three men who fled after for the production of heavy water, a jet may postpone full Israel-German reconcilia alleged shooting up of another rocket and aircraft factory, rocket and missile installa tion. electronics expert, Hans Kleinwechter, who tions and bacteriological and poison gas "The Knesset session had been forced upon was on visit to Loerrach near the Swiss warheads. a reluctant government by the opposition: German border a month ago. Egyptians Prof. Otto Bahn is said to be engaged on The overwhelmingly approved Knesset reso showed that passports were forged and in the construction of a nuclear reactor with lution was more strongly worded than the names of persons living in Egypt at the time a planned capacity of 120,000 kilowatts. government's official statement delivered in of the incident in prison there. When completed, this will be considerably Parliament. REAL TARGET bigger than Israel's Negev reactor and will "The liberal nonparty Haaretz, known for Egyptians also showed that official signa be the largest in the Middle East. Its plu its staid responsible views, noted with sur tures on passports were forgeries. Through tonium production will only theoretically prise that Ben-Gurion was not at the Knesset out the story runs the name of Professor enable Egypt to produce atomic bombs. session-he is omcially on vacation-and Saenger, West Germany's most prominent The rocket installations, which he con said the Premier had good reasons for not rocket expert, who was employed by the sidered the most menacing aspect of the appearing. Ben-Gurion's pro-German pol French Government after the war and for German contribution, are believed to be icy had once been acceptable to the Israeli whom many of the German rocket misslle situated in Helouan. public, Haaretz said, 'but he went too far in team have worked, including both missing Concern over the Egyptian rocket develop his belief that in Western Germany we could Krug and near-assassination victim, Hans ment program has increased considerably find an anchor in all storms.' " Kleinwechter, as well as Gercke who was since the launching of four Egyptian rockets involved in the Swiss arrests incident this last August-the Al Zaflr (Victor) of 180 month. A prominent figure in the Egyptian miles range and the Al Kahir (Conqueror) GERMANS BUILDING ROCKETS atomic misslle team in Cairo is known of 360 miles. Commenting on these launch by West Germans to be Prof. Wolfang ings, President Nasser then said they were FOR NASSER Pllz, another Saenger man who during capable of reaching "just south of Beirut" The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the last war was on Wernher von Braun's thus including Israel's entire territory. the previous order of the House, the stafl' in Peenemiinde research station de In an interview on the Israeli radio this week, Eugen Saenger, who once headed the gentleman from New York [Mr. HAL signing the V-1 flying bombs and now heads PERN] is recognized for 5 minutes. the German missile research team in Cairo. German rocket team in Egypt, expressed his Pllz was the real target of one of the mys willingness to work for other countries in Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I have terious powerful bombs which exploded on cluding Israel. He also said that President given careful attention to the reports of being opened in Cairo and killed five persons. Nasser would not be able to launch mlUtary the last several days concerning the The parcel bomb and letter, which also ex rockets within the near future due to a num German role in the development of ploded destroying an eye of Pilz's secretary, ber of technical reasons. rockets, reportedly with radiological and was posted in Hamburg and police there are Two particular problems are hindering the bacteriological warheads, by the United trying to trace who posted it. One major rocket program, Israelis believe. The first Arab Republic. success for the Israeli efforts to sabotage is the question of accurately guiding the President Nasser of the United Arab Project 333 has been Austrian Prof. Otto rockets. The other problem is what war Joklik who was a member of President Nas heads the rockets should carry. Republic openly proclaims that he is ser's missile research group in Cairo. Joklik According to an Austrian who worked in developing a powerful arsenal of military one of two men arrested by Swiss police, al Egypt and has since been arrested in Switz rockets for the destruction of Israel. leges that while in Cairo he discovered Egyp erland as an Israeli spy, the Egyptians are There can be no doubt in the minds of tian plans to use radioactive materials in experimenting with genocidal weapons, in the many German scientists and tech warheads of new rocket missiles and was so cluding so-called death rays, biological and nicians, bearing valid German passports, shocked by the discovery that he refused to bacteriological warfare and poison gas. It is feared that German scientists also are who are in Egypt perfecting these rock continue work and offered his help to Is ets, that the weapons are intended for raelis. Since leaving Cairo, he has appealed trying to help the Egyptians develop a cobalt to other Austrian and German scientists warhead. A cobalt bomb would scatter the completion of Adolph Hitler's goal, working there to follow him. radioactive particles over large areas: this the mass murder of the Jewish people. (Usually reliable sources in Cairo say Swiss, also falls into the prohibited weapons Nor can the German industries export Italians, and Spaniards as well as Germans category. ing parts and equipm~nt for rockets and are employed on jet aircraft and rocket re Some light on possible ties between the weapons systems have any reasonable search in the United Arab Republic, accord Bonn Government and Egypt's rocket de doubts of the use intended by Nasser. ing to the Associated Press. velopment program are disclosed in a letter Mr. Speaker, I can only conclude that (They said Germans engaged in rocket re written by Sanger's Stuttgart lawyer, Adolph search are believed to number no more than Karch, to a correspondent of a German press West Germany has defaulted on a grave 10 and that none is engaged in rocket produc agency. moral responsibility by permitting Ger tion. It pointed out that "the Egyptian Govern mans and German interests to help Nas [A spokesman for the West German Em ment undertook to put at the full disposal ser effectuate his aim to destroy those bassy in Cairo said he felt an estimate that of the German Federal Republic all the re escapees from German barbarism who 400 Germans are working on secret U .A.R. sults of the (rocket) development works and, now reside in Israel. This is definitely projects is exaggerated. Other sources put as the occasion arises, to also put at German not a technical or legalistic issue of what the figure in excess of 250. disposal the Egyptian ground installations and launching pads for such German experi the Bonn Government can or cannot do (SOme West German experts live in closely ments as could not be carried out in the to influence its scientists or industrial guarded apartment bulldings in Cairo. Federal Republic." ists. Others have homes in the s':lburbs.) The original of this letter, dated August What this is, Mr. Speaker, is a test of 14, 1962, has been shown to this reporter. the German conscience and the pious A-THREAT TO ISRAEL BEGAN IN 1954 WHEN The Knesset (Israeli Parliament) this week GERMANS .IN EGYPT professions of sorrow over the murder of ARRivED proclaimed that "the German people cannot TEL AVIV, March 23.-The affair of the absolve itself of responsib111ty for the con 6 million human beings merely because German atomic scientists in Egypt, which tinuation of this vile work." The resolution of their religion. I refer, of course, to Israells see as a growing threat to their also said: "It is the duty of the German the Jewish people whose survivors are survival as a nation, all started 9 years ago, Government to put an immediate end to seeking to rehabilitate themselves in the when the Arab-Israeli border warfare was this dangerous activity of its citizens and democratic new State of Israel. nearing its peak. to take all steps required to prevent this co- I might note that Israel is sending its President Gamal Abdel Nasser, then new ·operation with the Egyptian Govern.nlent." scientists and technicians abroad to help to office, was seeking new allies against Alvin Rosenfeld, correspondent for New Israel. He concluded an arms deal with the .York Herald Tribune, reported from Jeru the new countries of Africa and Asia . Soviet Union, and his representatives also salem: But they, unlike the Germans in Egypt, began enlisting likely Germans. "This week's session of the Israeli Knesset are bringing medical skills to heal the The first group of West German tech was in fact sitting in judgment on Premier sick and agricultural skills to feed the nicians arrived in Egypt in 1954. They Ben-Gurion's policy of conciliation with hungry and construction skills to shelter 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4879 the homeless. I cannot understand how November 15, 1960, by the President's The former Federal Commissioner of any civilized German scientist can go to Science Advisory Committee, which I Education, Dr. Sterling M. McMurrin, Egypt, in view of the events from 1933 should like to call to your attention at has said: to 1945, to build vicious bacteria war this time: The need for superior attainment in the heads or warheads using radioactive Much of this basic argument for the sciences to guarantee our national security waste materials or any kind of rocket strengthening of American science applies in the face of grave international crises has at all. equally to other fields of learning. While long been recognized by most Americans. Bonn could quickly enough find ap this report centers on the needs of science, There is an equal need for superior attain we repudiate emphatically any notion that ment on a very broad scale in the arts and plicable laws and authority to prevent scientific research and scientific education humanities if Americans generally are to German scientists from going into East are the only kinds of learning that matter to gain a full understanding of their rich cul Germany and building the same kind of America. The responsibility of the Com tural heritage and a genuine commitment to dreadful weapons. Yet the zealous and mittee is limited to scientific matters, but their ideals of individual freedom and hu efficient German technicians and scien obviously a high civilization must not limit man dignity. Only with such understanding tists, unrepentant Nazis among them, its efforts to science alone. Even in the in and such commitment on the part of all of are now working with the Soviet-trained terests of science itself it is essential to give its citizens will this Nation have the re full value and support to the other great sources in personal and public creativeness and Soviet-equipped Egyptian military branches of man's artistic, literary, and and courage to meet successfully the con force. scholarly activity. The advancement of tinuing international struggle between Mr. Speaker, I am shocked by the science must not be accomplished by the freedom and tyranny. blindness of the West German authori impoverishment of anything else, and the ties to the humanitarian aspect involved life of the mind in our society has needs In conclusion I include the text of my and blindness to the desire of civilized which are not limited by the particular con bill to establish a National Institute of people for peace and stability in the cerns which belong to this Committee and the Arts and Humanities, and to expand this report. the activities and programs of the Na Near East, and even German blindness- We do not, in this report, attempt to con or defiance--to President Kennedy's sider what direct responsibility and interest tional Science Foundation to include the policy against proliferation to small na the Government has for strengthening basic arts and the humanities. tions of mass destructive weapon sys research and graduate education outside the The above-mentioned material fol tems. sciences. This is a subject which deserves lows: The time may have come, Mr. Speaker, careful attention, but it is beyond our mis sion. What we can say, however, is what A NATIONAL HUMANITIES FoUNDATION? 1 for us to more carefully observe the earlier reports of this Committee have reg (By Gustave 0. Arlt) alleged maturity of West Germany as a ularly emphasized, that neither the Govern On July 17, 1962, Congressman JOHN E. leader of NATO, a nation which wants ment nor the universities should conduct FOGARTY, of Rhode Island, arose in the House to be entrusted with more say on use of the support of scientific work in such a way of Representatives and began a lengthy thermonuclear weapons that may seal as to weaken the capacity of American educa speech with the following words: the fate of all humanity. tion to meet its responsib111ties in other "Mr. Speaker, there is a pressing need to I have made known my deep concern areas. The costs of scientific progress must day for Federal legislation that w111 build up not be paid by diverting resources from other nationwide support for the arts and human to the Department of State on these great fields of study which have their own ities, on a basis comparable to the support matters and will continue to observe de urgent need for growth. that is provided in other areas, such as velopments. I am certain many other science and technology. Progress in the arts Members share my hope that the West This statement was signed by a panel and humanities is essential to true national German Government will assert the of the country's leading scientists, in strength." stature of a truly new Germany by termi cluding Alan T. Waterman, immediate These are strange words, indeed, to be nating this dangerous foolishness in past director of the National Science heard in the Halls of Congress. Fifteen years Egypt. Foundation, Glen T. Seaborg, Chairman ago they would have been branded as sub of the Atomic Energy Commission, versive. Only 3 years ago they would have George W. Beadle, president of the Uni been called incompatible with, even adverse to, the national interest. That they could be THE UNIVERSITY AND THE versity of Chicago, Roger Revelle, spoken in 1962 in the introduction of a b111 CREATIVE ARTS director of the Scripps Institution of in support of the humanities and the arts Oceanography, and others. indicates a remarkable change in the attitude The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under I am introducing a bill today to estab of Congress toward American higher educa previous order of the House, the gentle lish a National Institute of the Arts and tion. man from New Jersey [Mr. WmNALL] 1s Humanities, to authorize programs of There was a time, not so very long ago, recognized for 30 minutes. information, education, advisory services, when universities and colleges financed their Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, among and financial assistance for the encour own teaching and research, when professors the Nation's leading supporters of Fed agement and advancement of artistic expected no subsidies in support of their eral recognition and programs in the arts creative work, and when graduate students and cultural activities, and for the devel were grateful for a small stipend for teach and humanities is President Barnaby C. opment of a more widespread apprecia ing or for grading papers. No one had heard Keeney, of Brown University, who has tion of America's cultural heritage and of a research grant, let alone a contract. A this to say on the subject: accomplishments. This measure would Guggenheim fellowship represented the pin It has seemed to me for a long time that also expand the present activities of nacle of the hopes and aspirations of the it would be well if we had a National Foun the National Science Foundation to in dedicated scholar. And this condition pre dation for the Arts and Humanities to per clude the arts and the humanities. vailed more or less in all departments and form a function similar to that of the Na disciplines in the university. The chemist tional Science Foundation, which has I include as part of my remarks the and the philosopher, the physicist and the benefited the country greatly. There is no article by Gustave 0. Arlt, president of art historian-all were supported equally question but that advancements in science -the Council of Graduate Schools in the well and equally badly. As a result, aca and technology have a greater immediate United States which was published in demic society was homogeneous and virtually utility in the international and national sit the November 1962, newsletter of the classless, for where no one is rich no one is uation in which we exist today. On the American Council of Learned Societies. poor. other hand, the whole shape of our lives in Also, as part of my remarks I include This academic homogeneity extended down the future, and our whole attitude toward a speech by W. McNeil Lowry before the into and pervaded the graduate student life will be strongly formed by our achieve body. The student in languages had no rea ments of lack thereof in the arts and Association of Graduate Schools which son to cast envious eyes at his colleague in humanities. was published in a recent issue of the biology because one had as good and as poor Art Journal of the College Art a chance at a small fellowship as the other, The American Council of Learned So ·Association. and when they received their degrees they cieties has also shown great interest in Mr. Lowry is director of the Ford had equal prospects of a poorly paid instruc this subject, and published in its news Foundation program in the humanities torship. As a result there were no status letter of November 1962, a most inter and the arts. His speech was delivered problems and academic excellence rather esting article by Gustavo 0. Arlt, presi than field of study constituted the badge at the meeting of the Association of ·of distinction. dent, the Council of Graduate Schools Graduate Schools which took place in in the United States. President Arlt New Orleans, October 24, 1961. It is .a 1 This article is also scheduled to appear quoted from the Seaborg report, the very important and highly significant in the December 1962 issue of the Journal important policy statement issued on speech. of Higher Education. 4880 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- HOUSE March· 25 This classless utopia came to an abrupt bors. But relative poverty and obscmity are to America. The responsibility of the Com end about 1940 when the Federal Govern;. as painful · as though: t:Qey were absolute. niittee is liniited· to scientific matters, ·but ment discovered that the natural scientist And e'Ven in Academia, ·much as it hurts to obviously a high civilization must not limit had something to oft'er that the Nation badly admit it, amuence and pubiic recognition its efforts ·to science alone. · Even in the needed.' Almost overnight the universities bring with them enhanced academic status. interests of science itself it is essential to became purveyors of scientific expertise and (Of the _60 graduate deans in the land-grant give full value and support to the other the Government became their best, perhaps universities, 47 are in the natural sciences, great branches of man's artistic, literary, only customer. Before the end of the war, 8 in the social sciences, and 5in humanities.} and scholarly activity. The advancement of hundreds of scientists in scores of univer At any rate, there is no question that the science must not be accomplished by the s1t1es, along with thousands of their studentS financial imbalance has brought about a impoverishment of anything else, and the were subsidized to perform research in phys status imbalance in our universities, both on life of the mind in our society has needs ics; chemistry, -and the biological sciences. the faculty and graduate student levels, that which are not limited by the particular But this was only the beginning. The constitutes a very real threat to higher edu concerns which belong to this Committee Nation had become science-conscious and cation. and this report. its leaders were not about to let the univer As one of the results, the number of stu w~ do not, in this report, attempt to sities relapse into their comfortable prewar dents entering graduate study in the hu consider what direct responsibility and in torpor. The establishment of the National manities fields is declining and there are terest the Government has for strengthen Science Foundation was inevitable and it some indications that their quality is de ing basic research and graduate education was only surprising that its budget for the teriorating. In the past 5 years the produc outside the sciences. This is a subject which first year was a mere $3.5 million. By 1961, tion of Ph. D.'s in the humanities, arts, and deserves careful attention, but it is beyond of course, this meager budget had risen to social sciences has not kept pace with the our mission. What we can say, however, is •261.7 million, and in fiscal 1963, the Na overall increase in all fields nor with the ·what earlier reports of this Committee have tional Science Foundation aims to spend needs of the colleges. In some areas, as for regularly emphasized, that neither the Gov.:. $360,800,000. But even these impressive fig example history, the supply is already critf 'ern.ment nor the universities should conduct ures are dwarfed by the sums disbursed cally short of the demand. ' · ' the support of scientific work in such a way through the National Institutes of Health, Ever since the early 1950's the educa:.. .as to weaken the capacity of American edu the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Na ·tional associations, the universities and col cation to meet its responsibilities in other tional Aeronautics and Space Administra leges and the u.s. omce of Education have areas. The costs of scientific progress must tion. These various agencies between them tried to secure legislation that would help ·not b~ paid by diverting resources from other support some 12,000 to 15,000 predoctoral to restore some sort of balance in the lop great fields of study which have their own and postdoctoral students annually by non sided academic world. In 1958 they almost urgent need for growth." · duty fellowships and traineeships. In addi succeeded. In that year the Congress enact And this statement is signed by a panel tion, an estimated- 20,000 to 25,000 graduate ed the National Defense Education Act which of the country's leading scientists, including students in the sciences and engineering "was designed to stimulate advanced study Alan T. Waterman, Director of the-National hold research assistantships paid, from Fed- and research and particularly to expedite Science Foundation, Glen T. Seaborg, .Chair eral funds. . and improve the training of college teachers. man of the Atomic Energy Commission, It hardly seems necessary to document Under its various titles it provides for gradu George W. Beadle, President of the University what is now called the imbalance between ate fellowships, student loans, summer lan of Chicago, Roger Revelle, Director of the the natural sciences and the humanities, guage institutes, subsidies for courses in Scripps Institution of Oceanograph, and but a few comments and conclusions from critical languages, and for experimental pro others. - - recent studies are pertinent. Both Bernard grams in new educational media, including On December 15, 1961, Senator WAYNE Berelson in "Graduate Education in the television. For the humanities and the arts, MoRSE, -of Oregon,· said in a speech before United States" and James A. Davis in "Sti title IV, the graduate fellowship prograni, the Council of. Graduate Schools that he pends and Spouses" have made use of the seemed to oft'er the greatest hope, since it believed the time was tipe for legislation in same NORC survey of graduat~ student provided 1,500 3-year fellowships without support of the arts and humanities and that finances. This survey is solll:e\ll:at·mislead any appar~nt restriction by field of stud~. -he would wish personally to introduce such ing for our purposes since it does not differ And, indeed, in the .flrst year. approximately -a bill in the 88th Congress. He has further entiate between Federal support and sub 32 percent of these fellowships were awarded -evinced his · continuing interest, suggesting vention from other sources. It tends, there ·in the arts and ~umanities fields and 26 per preparatory steps to be taken. At the same fore, to obscure the full extent of the imbal ·cent in the social sciences. But as soon as meeting, Dr._ Robert M. Lumlansky, provost ance. Nevertheless, Berelson concludes 'the lists of awards were published the Con.:. of Tulane University, proposed the establish that "the sciences, including engineering, gress wanted to know what possible relation ment of a national humanities foundation, are at a clear advantage over other fields" to national defense could be claimed for specifically defining the term "humanities" (p. 149). Davis, whose entire book is de folklore, art hJ,story, and allCient languages. to include the fine arts and certain of the voted to graduate student financing, is nat -social.,.sciences.s When the awargs for ~e second year w~re to urally much more specific. He says, "In be made, the House Committee on Labor and In the· past 6 months, interest .in Federal every comparison, natural science students Education drew up a sharp directive· forbid aid to the humanities has been building up are more likely to have high aid than social -ding fellowship awru:ds in fieldS that had no rapidly and there are indications that a fa science and humanities students" (p. 62). 'direct connection with national.defense,_and vorable climate is developing in the Congress. "Over-all, natural science. students have a ·specificiuly naming anci~nt languages, liter :various formats have been suggested, three marked advantage over their colleagues in 'atures and history; arts, folklore, music, -of which seem to be gathering more support the social sciences and humanities. Sev ·philosbphy, and rellgton. No protests than others. The -first is the establishment enty-nine percent have some sort of sti availed and the tabu , against _the arts and of a national humanities ·foundation, pat pend, as contrasted with about 60 percent ·humanities still stands. No awards in the :terned after the highly-·successful National in social science and humanities, and in prohibited fields were made last year nor will ·science Foundation. The latter is a unique every subcategory their stipend holding is cross between· a private foundation and a higher. The extreme is in research assistant any be made this year. · But perhaps this is a very good thing. For Federal agency which has the dual function ships. One out of five natural science stu of setting science policy and of supporting dents is an RA compared with one out of since this drastic congressional directive, a swelling chorus of voices has been raised on ·basic research and education. It is governed nine students in social science and one out by a 24-member National Science Board, ap of a hundred in humanities" (p. 60). 'behalf of substantial aid to the arts and humanities as well as of those social sciences pointed by the President for 6-year terms, On the faculty level the contrast is, if plus a director. The national humanities anything, even more mark~d. In 1961, the ,that are not recognized by the National ~ci ence Foundation. Some of the voices came foundation would be similarly organized National Science Foundation a~one awarded and governed and it W{)Uld support, besides 611 fellowships to persons of faculty rank 'from expected sources: the American Coun cil of Learned Societies, the Council of Grad- 'the humanities and the arts, those social (postdoctoral, senior postdoctoral, and sci sciences which are not included under the ence faculty). The figures for NIH, AEC, ·uate Schools, the presidents of many liberal "arts colleges. But some came from unex National Science Foundation. and NASA are generally comparable. In the The second program proposes the expan humanities fields, on the other hand, post 'pected sources and were therefore all the more welcome. On· November 15, 1960, the 'sion of the National Science Foundation into doctoral and other faculty awards are vir ·something like a national arts, letters, and tually nonexistent, with the exception, of ·President's Science Advisory Committee iff sued an important . pol!C.Y statement which science foundation, with at least two gov course, of Fulbright and a few other spe erning boards and perhaps a coordinating cialized awards that are available to all has since become known as the Seaborg re port. Its introduction includes the follow body. This type of organizatlon is favored fields." by some Members of Congress who are dis No one intended, of course, to relegate t1;le ing significant paragraphs: "Much of this basic argument for the turbed over the growing number of agencies humanities and the arts to an existence in disbursing Federal funds for education. obscurity and poverty and, in a sense, they strengthening of American science applies equally to other fields of learning. While Representative EDITH GREEN, of Oregon, for were not so relegated. They. were actually example, has pointed out that the current no poorer and no more obscure than they this report centers on the needs of science, had been in the prescience era. They had we repudiate emphatically any notion that become poor and obscure only by contrast scientific research and scientific education 2 ACLS Newsletter, vol. :xm, No. 1 (Jan with their aftluent and distinguished neigh- are the only kinds of learning that matter uary 1962). 1963 CONGRESSIO;NAL RECORD-_ HOUSE 4881
Federal outlay _for J389 e.ducation programs Since the bill was intr~uced so late in the text. It is admittedly one si~ed: I had; is •2 billion, administered by 40 . separate the year it obviouSly could nSamoa, and the reasonable notice .in writing of the call of a of information covering the various aspects meeting. District of Columbia; of the arts. and humanities in the United (4) the term "nonprofit agencies, institu (e) The Chairman and the Vice Cha1l' States, including activities· of other Federal man shall be elected by the Council at the tions, organizations, or associations" means departments or agencies, and to make such first meeting for a term of two years, and those organizations described in section 601 information available to the public: at every succeeding a.imual meeting occurring (c.) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1964; (5) to provide, through the award of at the end of each such two-year term, ex and graduate fellowships or traineeships to in cept that a vacancy in either omce. may be ( 6) the term "art" or "arts" means both dividuals (within the limits of such sums filled by vote of the Council. the performing and the nonper!orming arts, as the Congress may specifically appropri (f) The members of the Councu-shall re including but not limited to music, painting, ate for this purpose) , or through arrange ceive compensation at the rate of $100 for sculpture, architecture, drama. and the ments (by contract or grant) with groups each day engaged in the business of the dance; the term "humanities" includes mod specified in paragraph (2) for the conduct Council pursuant to its authorization, and of institutes or seminars, for the training ern and ancient language and literature, shall be allowed travel expenses~ including history, and philosophy; the term "culture" of teaching, technical, and administrative per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized or "cultural" 1s used more broadly to char personnel who, in the judgment of the by law (6 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in the acterize the whole range of interests and ac Council, are in short supply and are most Government service employed intermittently. tivities that promote the enlightenment and needed by educational and other cultural refinement of the public in intellectual and institutions and agencies to promote the Authority of Commissioner esthetic matters. advancement of the arts and humanities; SEc. 302. In order to carry out the func Eumption from conflict-of-interest laws of and tions of the Institute, the Commissioner (6) to render consultative and advisory shall have the authority, within the limits members of Advisory CounctZ services to other Federal departments and of avallable appropriations, to do all things SEC. 104. (a) Any member of the Federal agencies, State and other public agencies. necessary to carry out the provisions of Advisory Council appointed under this Act, public and other nonprofit educational this Act (other than title IV), including who is not a regular full-time employee of agencies. and institutions, and other non but not limited to the authority- the United States, is hereby exempted, with profit agencies, institutions, organizations, ( 1) to prescribe such rules and regula respect to such appointment, from the OP or associations concerned with education in tions as he deems necessary governing the eration of sections 281, 21:18, and 1914 of title or advancement of the arts and humanities. manner of the Institute's operation and 18 of the Uni~ States Code, and section 190 (b) In exercising the · authority and dis organization and personnel; of the Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C. 99), except charging the functions referred to in sub (2) to make such expenditures as may as otherwise specified 1n subsection (b) of section (a) of this section, the Institute shall be necessary for the administration of this this section. place primary emphasis upon . the educa Act; (b) The exemption gr~nted by subsection tional aspects of the arts and humanities but (S) to make grants or enter into contracts (a) shall not extend- it shall interpret "education" broadly so as or other financial arrangements as author (1) to the receipt or payment of salary in to include all levels, conducted formally or ized by title ·n, except that such grants, connection with the appointee's Government informally by both public and private groups contracts, or other financial arrangements service from any source other than the pri specified in paragraph (2) for the benefit of shall be limiied to those recommended by vate employer of the _appointee at the time people of all ages. the Council, or by a committee of members of his appointment, or (c) The Commissioner shall render an an established by the Councll for this purpose; (2) _during the period of such appoint nual report to the secretary for submi~ion (4) to make advance, progress, and other ment, to the prosecution .or participation in on or before the 15th day o:f January .of ea9h payments in connection with contrac~ the prosecution, by any person so appointed, year to the Congress, suminarizing .the aC without regard . to the provisions of. section of any claim against the Government involv tivities of the Institute and making such S648 of the Revised Statutes (31 u.s.c. ing any matter With which such person, dur- recommendations as he may deem advisable. 529); 19-63 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 4887 (5) .to·acquire by purchase, lease, loan, ·or .GREECE - ."The mountains look on Marathon gift, and to hold and dispose of by sale, lease, And Marathon looks on the sea. or loan, real and personal property of. all Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask And musing there an hour alone kinds necessary for, or resulting from, the unanimous consent that the gentleman I dreamed· that Greece might still be free. exercise of authority ~- anted by this Act; from Pennsylvania [Mr. McDADE] may For, standing on the Persian's grave, (6) to receive and use funds donated by extend his remarks at this point in the I could not deem myself a slave." others, provided that such funds are do RECORD. So spoke the poet Byron in "Don nated without restriction other than that The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there they be used to further one or more of the Juan," and so indeed speaks all the general purposes of the Institute; objection to the request of the gentleman world when we read anew those tales of (7) to accept and utilize the services of from Pennsylvania? heroism, when a small nation stood voluntary and uncompensated personnel and There was no objection. against the power of an enormous to provide transportation and subsistence as Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, we are empire. authorized by law for persons serving with gathered here in this distinguished hall We remember philosophy. We read out compensation; in the first week of spring in the year again the works of Socrates, of Plato, of (8) to employ such personnel as he may deem necessary to carry out the functions 1963. Each year at this time we cele Aristotle. We walk through the grove of the Institute under this Act, not to ex brate the end of the long cold of winter, of Academe with the men who came to ceed twenty of which may be technical and and the promise of the tlne warmth of be taunted, prodded by Socrates. We sit professional persons including the Director of summer soon to come. It is a day of joy. with Plato at the feet of Socrates, and the Institute compensated at rates not to But it is something else. It is the day we stand in awe before the ponderous exceed $19,000 per annum without regard on which we celebrate the freedom of mind of Aristotle. Their footsteps echo to the civil service laws and regulations and a tiny nation. On a map of the world it like distant thunder all through the his the Classification Act of 1949; and is scarcely a dot, it is so minute. But tory of Western philosophy, and for the (9) to delegate any of his functions under on the great map of time and civiliza this act, except the making of regulations, great minds of each age, there is that to any omcer or employee of . the omce of tion it looms like a veritable Colossus, moment when in desperation they turn · like a tOwering mountain of learning again to the greatness of the Greeks. Education. and culture. The sands of time may TITLE IV-FUNCI'IONS OF NATIONAL SCIENCE We remember their politics. We stand have many footprints, but the prints of in awe before the minds which first set FOUNDATION IN THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES this nation walk across all the Western SEc. 401. Section 3(a) of the National Sci up a system of government so similar to ence Foundation Act of 1950 is amended- World, and indeed all the Eastern World. our own. We know that if these souls (1) by striking out the period at the end It is the day we celebrate the freedom returned from the shades of the past, of paragraph (9) and inserting in lieu there of the great nation of Greece. they could sit beside us in this very of"; and"; and The very name conjures up haunting house, and could deliberate with us: in (2) by adding at the end thereof the fol memories. deed, would add new notes of wisdom to lowing new paragraph: There is the memory of art. We re our deliberations. "(10) to promote and support activities, member the Seven Wonders of the An projects, and education in the arts and These we remember, and these are humanities in order to encourage and assist cient World, and among them the great only part of the greatness of Greece. I cultural development in the United States in statue of Zeus by Phideas, and the splen sat beside the Greek Orthodox Bishop conjunction with the programs provided in did temple of Artemis at Ephesus and the Iakovos only a week ago when he was titles II and III of the Cultural Development Colossus of Rhodes by Chares. Were honored at a dinner in my district. M Act _of 1963." _ . _member the splendor of the Doric, the ~er a long evening of moving speecQes he SEc. 402. (a) Section 4(a) of the National Ionian, and Corinthian temples. From rose solemnly, knowing that this would Science Foundation Act of 1950 is a.mended- across 2,000 years the sculpture of an be an audience difficult to hold after all (1) by striking out "education, or public cient Greece reached its magic hand to affairs" in clause (1) and inserting in lieu the other talks. · thereof "education, the arts and humanities, form Michelangelo Buonarotti, and still Ladies and gentlemen- or public affairs"; haunts the beauty of Rodin today. (2) by striking out "scientific leaders" in There is the memory of poetry. All of He said- clause (3) and inserting in lieu thereof us have learned the wonders of epic this is a great nation, with freedoms unheard "leaders in these fields"; and · poetry from Homer. All of. us have en of, especially freedom of si>eech. But for (3) by striking out "other scientific or camped outside the walls of Troy With every privllege there is a price. Tonight the educational organizations" in the last sen the avenging Greek Army; and all of us price of freedom of speech is patience. tence and inserting in lieu thereof "other organizations in the fields of science, the have wandered the world With Odysseus, I assure you, the audience was his, arts and humanities, and education". with the distant memory of Penelope and listened to the wise words of a man (b) Section 7 (a) of such Act is amended haunting the pages of these great books. who has been chosen president of the by adding at the end thereof the following We remember the odes of Pindar and the World Council of Churches. new paragraph: lyric poetry of Sappho. Today we celebrate the freedom of this "(5) A Division of the Arts and We remember also the drama. There nation. For nearly 400 years Greece was Humanities." were the great and moving dramas of a captive State in the Ottoman Empire (c) The first sentence of section 9(a) of Aeschylus, With long forgotten death of but the seeds of freedom would not die such Act is amended by inserting before the Iphigenia still waiting to be avenged upon period at the end thereof the following: and in the war for freedom from 1821 "(except that in the case of the Division the head of Agamemnon. Sophocles is to 1829 Greece proved she had a right to of the Arts and Humanities six of the mem the one we most remember, with the stand among the nations of the modem bers shall be eminent in the arts and hu enormity of the tragedies of Oedipus and world. In 1830 her freedom was guaran manities and five in other fields)". Antigone still towering over the world teed by the nations of the West. (d) Section 9 (b) of such Act is amended today. And Euripides with Elektra. There is a lesson in this for all of us. by striking out "research" and inserting 1n They are the great foundation stones of The freedom of Greece stood strong at lieu thereof "activities". the drama, and so well were they writ the end of the Second World War when (e) Section 10 of such Act is amended by ten that when Rome turned to the the power of communism sought to .crush inserting after "engineering, and other sci ences" the following: ", and for study or drama, she achieved greatness only out the tlame of freedom, but they work in the arts and humanities,". when she translated the Greeks, and even fought with bullets and ballots and (f) Section ll(c) of such Act is amended in the 20th century, the greatest of Amer Greece is a free nation today. · by striking out "such basic scientific research ican dramatists, Eugene O'Neill, turned The Wisdom of Athens has prevailed activities" and inserting in lieu thereof "such back to the Greeks to frame his own over the power of Sparta. The love of basic scientific research and other activities". dramas, with Euripides and Sophocles liberty that burned brightly at Marathon (g) Section ll(d) of such Act is amended walking anew in the pages of "Mourning still burns even brighter from the by inserting after "scientific research" the Becomes Electra." heights of the Acropolis today. When following: "and other activities under this Act". We remember the wars of Greece. We men look at the awesome brute power (h) Section 11 ( i) of such Act is amended remember their strength when they stood of Moscow standing upon the bodies of by inserting after "scientific research" the against the tyranny of the Persians. We so many enslaved nations today, let following: "and other activities under this remember Thermopolae, and we remem them remember to ask, "Where is Sparta Act". ber Marathon. today?" And if Khrushchev is proud of 4888 CONGRESSIONAL REtORD- HOUSE March' 25 his name among the nations today, ·let Visitor and Student Center in the Dis Sea House. · The residents, particularly him remember that we all remember trict of Columbia. the business people, see this need too and Sophocles and Aristophanes, and Socra Most of the whereases deal with the have included the outlines for such a tes, and Plato,. and Aristotle, and Phidi reason why we should have an adequate center in their plans for revitalizing the as, but who remembers the tyrants. of information center here 1n Washington, central business district. It has also Sparta? D.C., so that the millions of people who been suggested that the polo field in Today we can all look with Byron at come here every year-and it is esti Potomac Park which provides ample Marathon. Today we can celebrate the mated that over 15 million people visit space for parking of cars and sightseeing freedom of Greece, and if the course of here each year-may have a better op buses be converted into a visitor center. history runs true, tomorrow we may portunity to benefit from seeing the My resolution does not contain any celebrate the freedom of all the other memorials, the Capitol Building area, the specifications respecting the solution to oppressed nations of the world. In the Library of Congress, the Archives, the the shortcomings to which I have re strange course of history, in the not too Art Gallery, and all the other things ferred. Its preamble recites in detail distant future children may ask in puz that can be seen here. This resolution existing needs and inadequacies and out zlement, "Who were Mao Tse-tung, and calls for the creation of a committee of lines in broad generalities the wisdom of Stalin and Khrushchev?" 20: 12 Members of Congress, 6 House establishing a vast educational program Members and 6 Senators, to be appointed to create a true image of America in the on a bipartisan basis; the Superintend minds of our millions of visitors. FORTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF ent of National Capital Parks; the INDEPENDENCE OF BYELORUSSIA Chairman of the National Capital Planning Commission; the President of NEWSLETTER FOR MINORITY Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask the Board of Commissioners of the Dis STAFFING unanimous consent that the gentleman trict; the Secretary of the Smithsonian Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask from Dlinois [Mr. DERWINSKIJ may ex Institution; 2 distinguished citizens to unanimous consent that the gentleman tend his remarks at this point in the be appointed by the President of the from Iowa [Mr. SCHWENGEL] ma-y extend RECORD. United States; and 2 members of the his remarks at this point in the RECORD The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Metropolitan Washington Board of and include extraneous matter. objection to the request of the gentleman Trade. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there from Pennsylvania? This bill calls for the study of the objection to the request of the gentleman There was no objection. . feasibility and advisability of having from Pennsylvania? Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, to such a center here in Washington, pat There was no objection. day is the 45th anniversary of the terned after the one you can see in Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, sev Declaration of Independence of Byel Williamsburg, where people may go, park eral of our exceptional and capable orussia. Like millions · of other op their cars, go into an information cen freshman Members have already written pressed victims of Soviet colonialism, the ter, be refreshed, and see a film demon with great clarity and forcefulness on people of Byelorussia today live in con strating the historic role of this com the problem of minority sta.mng. ditions near slavery behind the Iron munity. One of those, who has been most ac Curtain. However, in coordination with As I have indicated, Mr. Chairman, tive in studying this problem and urg representatives and spokesmen for other my resolution proposes the appointment ing this remedial action, is Congressman captive peoples, Americans of Byelorus of a Commission which will carefully ROBERT McCLORY, of the 12th Congres sian origin are maintaining the struggle study and subsequently report to the sional District from illinois. His news for freedom of the land of their fore Congress its conclusions respecting ways letter, dated March 7, in a few and well fathers. and means of effectively and relatively chosen words, clearly presents the need Therefore, this 45th anniversary of inexpensively educating the public, both for more adequate minority stamng, and Byelorussian independence takes on ad at home and abroad, respecting Ameri I commend it to the attention of our ditional significance since it serves as a can history, traditions, democratic proc colleagues, thoughtful students on this reminder that the spirit of freedom con esses and devotion to peace. subject, and members of the press: tinues to burn in the hearts of the To be sure, the executive departments YoUR CONGRESSMAN ROBERT McCLORY REPORTS people behind the Iron Curtain, and that carry on some activities toward this ob FaOM WASHINGTON the determination of all anti-Soviet jective. The Members of both Houses of A great deal is being said and written these peoples continues to be the fundamental the Congress give preferred attention to days about minority sta.tnng. It is impor weakness of the Soviet Union. the subject in talking to their constitu tant for residents of the 12th Congressional In comemmorating Byelorussian Inde ents and when speaking before many District to become better acquainted with pendence, I join the other Members in this issue and to understand how greater groups throughout the land. But it is minority staftlng can assist their Congress encouraging them in their perseverance clear that we have neglected to take ad man. and hope for national independence vantage of the unequaled opportunity In the first place, congressional commit through the principle of self-determi for influencing public opinion along these tees are composed of majority and minority nation, and remind the brave Byelorus lines here in the Nation's Capital. members. In the case of the Committee on sian people that they do have the sym Almost 15 million people are now Government Operations on which this writer pathetic alinement of other captive visiting Washington every year. This serves, there are 19 Democratic Congressmen nations who, in the cause of justice, must number included delegates to some 400 who make up the majority and 12 Republi eventually triumph in their drive for cans representing the minority. This S-to-2 conventions, several hundred thousand ratio is roughly that of the total House ratio political and economic liberty and free students and an increasing number of of 258 Democrats to 177 Republicans. dom from the Soviet colonial yoke. visitors from other countries of the Committee staffs which consist of lawyers, world. researchers, writers and other specialists of Despite the fact that our National various types provide committees with the as NATIONAL VISITOR AND Capital contains a fabulous array of sistance they require in performing their STUDENT CENTER tasks. This assistance consists of factual and historical material and patriotic shrines legal research, bill drafting, preparing of Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask as well as living demonstrations of analyses, summaries and reports, and many unanimous consent that the gentleman democracy at work, there is no methodi other detailed and necessary tasks. If from Iowa [Mr. ScHWENGELl may extend cal and organized method for educating minority members of a committee are to be his remarks at this point in th3 RECORD. the millions of visitors concerning their served equally with the majority, it is essen The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there existence and the lessons which can be tial that minority staff personnel should be objection to the request of the gentleman learned in them. provided in the same ratio as the total mem from Pennsylvania? In my opinion an appropriate designed bership of the committee. For this reason, the Republican Confe:.;ence (composed of all There was no objection. and operated visitor center should be the Republican Members) urged that 40 per Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, to provided. The Park Service has recog cent of committee staffs should be named by day I have introduced a "19-wherea.s" nized this need and made a small and the Republican (minority) members of the resolution that would lead to the devel very inadequate start by conducting a committee. The Democratic majority in the opment and construction of a National visitor center in the Old Haines Point House opposed this move, and the Republi- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4889
cans in their efforts to serve as an articulate In only 2 years, the Kennedy administra Mr. Kennedy cannot, with co~sisteney, oppositiolt party have been obliged 'to rely tion has added more new Federal em call his program fiscally responsible, even to on Demooratic assurances that increased ttll than a degree. It's time for Congress to do what nority. -staff personnel will be furnished. as ployees the Eisenhower adminis Mr. Kennedy eommended 1t for doing 'Iinder required. While not an entil'ely satisfactory tration 'did in 8 years. Mr. Eisenhower: Cut the budget requests of arrangement, this is a vastly improved At this point, I woUld like to. place in the President and ·make certain that o'ur situation. the RECORD an editorial from the Chicago fiscal policy is responsible--not by the wa . Again, with respect to the writer's Com Tribune which points out some very in vering Kennedy definition, but by the defini mittee on Government Operations (the so teresting and informative comparisons tion of sensible economists and businessmen called watchdog committee of the Con of the two administrations referred to: everywhere. It's time the people knew gress), the majority has engaged 51 while the and, fortunately, many of them already do. minority. members have been allotted only [From the Chicago (Til.) Tribune, 3 staff personnel. One can readily see that Mar. 23, 1963] the staff ratio of 51 to 3 is completely out of A DEGREE OF FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY GROSS MISMANAGEMENT IN MILr line- with the committee ratio of 19 to 12. In his most recent plea for a tax cut with TARY PROCUREM;ENT SELF-SABO Unless additional staff members are assigned out a cut in spending, President Kennedy to the Republican minority, there will be asserted that such a program would offer TAGES U.S. MILITARY COMBAT roughly three staff members for each Demo a thrust to the economy "and also a degree READINESS cratic Congressman on this committee, while of fiscal responsibility." Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask four Republican Congressmen will have to We note that Mr. Kennedy is withdraw unanimous consent that the gentleman share one of -the minority staff members. ing, by degrees, from his earlier contention from New York [Mr. PILLION] may ex In fairness, it must be pointed out that the that the tax program is fiscally responsible staffs of some committees, such as the without qualifications. And well he might. tend his remarks at this point in the Foreign Aft'alrs and Armed Services Commit Not even the most agile. economic propa RECORD. tees, are essentially nonpartisan and strictly gandist could devise a definition of :tlsca.1 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there professional. responsibility which would cover everything objection to the request of the gentleman But the members of the Government put forward in its name by the New Frontier. from Pennsylvania.? Operations, Appropriations, Education and Last summer, for example, fiscal responsi There was no objection. Labor, and other committees have vital re bility meant delaying a tax cut because a Mr. PILLION. Mr. Speaker, on March sponsibilities to draw attention to the weak recession did not appear to be imminent. nesses of the majority's position. How, for Today Mr. Kennedy's position is that "we 14, 1963, the Comptroller General issued instance, can the minority of the Committee don't believe there will be a recession this a. report on its study of the supply of on Government Operations point out specific year" but that, nevertheless, "merely because repair parts needed for combat and objections to the activities of the Rural our prospects look good in 1963, I would combat-support vehicles of the U.S. Electrification Administration, the TVA, the think it is all the mo~e pressing for us to Army. This General Accounting Of executive department's improper manage take action at this time." fice--GAO-review covered the years of ment of the news, the Agriculture Depart In short, what was fiscally irresponsible 1958-62. ment's abuses (responsible for the Billie Sol last year has, for reasons which may have Estes scandal) , foreign aid waste, etc., more to do with politics than economics, be The management inefficiencies, ne unless the minority has the staff with which come fiscally responsible "to a degree." glect, and irresponsibility of the U.S. to do its job? Without adequate staffs, the . In his campaign for the Presidency, Mr. Army Logistics, Ordnance, and Materiel minority's investigations will result in white Kennedy voiced firm opinions about fisc~ Commands seriously endanger our de washes and inactivity in areas where close responsibility. Here is what he said on fensive and offensive military com scrutiny and criticism should be provided. November 4, 1960: mands. Respect for and encouragement of the "I want to make it clear that • • • if I minority party are essential elements of otir The operational deficiencies for the am elected President of the United States, supply of vital repair parts for tanks, two-party system. Democrats as well as we commit ourselves to a sound • • • fiscal Republtcan.s should support a vocal, con-:. and responsible monetary policy. a.rt111ery, and other combat-support ve structive, and responsible minority. Ade "From fiscal 1954 to fiscal 1960, the last 6 hicles can be attributed to the Army quate staffing for minority members is essen years, we increased the national debt by Tank-Automotive Center, Detroit, Mich. tial in performing this role. $21 blllion. In the last 6 years, $21 billion. A partial checklist of Army installa "Never before in the history of the United tions showed the following out-of States did any administration in peacetime combat-readiness vehicles due to lack or FISCAL mRESPONSIBILITY have a deficit larger than this [the Elsen spare parts: Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask hower] administration in 1958, $12 billion. They would have had an increase in the First. In Korea., many of our M-48 unanimous consent that the gentleman debt of more than $10 blllion except a Demo medium tanks, and other combat vehicles from Texas [Mr. FoREMAN] may extend cratic Congress in the last 6 years cut the were out of commission due to lack of his remarks at this point in the RECORD budget requests of the President of the parts, some of which had been on order and include a newspaper item. United States by $10 billion. for more than a year. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there "So if we are going to talk about fiscal Second. On December 2, 1960, our objection to the request of the gentleman responsibllity; if we are going to talk about M-48 medium tanks were in need of 3,900 from Pennsylvania.? meeting our obligations; if we are going to talk about balanced budget; I want to look booster coil items that were in short sup There was no objection. at the record. ply, many of which were urgently needed Mr. FOREMAN. Mr. Speaker, par "[The Eisenhower] administration [came in Korea. tially in response to the remarks of the to power] on a cominitment to reduce Fed Third. U.S. Army tanks and_combat gentleman from California [Mr. HoLI eral spending to $60 billion. It has never vehicles were out of combat readiness FIELD] and secondly, as a matter of clari been close to $60 billion. They have spent 46 in the United States, Europe, Korea, fication of the on-again-off-again atti percent more than Harry Truman spent. Okinawa, and the Panama. Canal Zone They. have added 106,000 new Federal em tude of the President and his deficit ployees, I think it's about time the people due to 994 unfilled orders for parts on spending programs, I would like to point knew.'! December 2, 1960. Some of these parts out that Mr. Kennedy is running up a Very well, then, let's look at the record orders had been on order for as long as deficit at more than twice the rate of tlle after 2 years of the Kennedy administration, 313 days. Eisenhower administration·. Not that which was likewise elected on a clear promise Fourth. The lack of cylinders was put I, in any form, approve of deficit spend of fiscal responsibility. ting many self-propelled artillery howit ing under any administration, either In 3 years, using the administration's own zers in Europe out of commission. Eisenhower or Kennedy or anyone else, estimate. for the fiscal year 1964, Mr. _Ken nedy _will have run up a cumulative deficit - Fifth. ·rn six Army installations in the but I find it .rather amusing that the of $26 blllion. In 3 years, $26 blllion. United States, 600 tanks, artillery pieces, gentlemen would refer to the increased Tl;lis is more than double the Eisenhower and combat-support vehicles were out of national debt under Mr. Eisenhower, rate. The Kennedy deficit for 1964, now commission during 1960 and 19.61 due when-Mr. Kennedy will have, using the pinned precariously at $11.9 billion, is almost to a short supply of repair parts. administration's own estimate for the certain to end up higher than the Eisen Sixth. At Fort Bragg, N.c.; 87 combat fiscal year 1964, upped the national debt hower_bellrlnger of 1958-59. or combat-supply vehicles were not com more in 3 years than Eisenhower did _Mr. Kennedy will have spent money 30 per cent faster in his first 3 years than Mr. bat ready on March 8, 1960. Repair in 6 year~. ~Isenhower did in his. An,d in only 2 years, items had been on order for from 3 to 9 Also, Mr. Kennedy will have spent the Kennedy administration has added more months. - money 30 percent faster in his first· 3 new Federal employees than the Eisenhower In its thorough review of the Army years than Mr. Eisenh·ower -- did in-his. administration did 'in 8. Tank-Automotive Center, -the GAO found 4890 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD- HOUSE March 25 that, on June 30, 1961, that organization Mr. PTILION. Mr. Speaker, on March These popular demands were the after had 688 active items out of stock, 260 17, I had the honor of addressing the math of the American and French Revolu of which were identified as essential for United Hungarian Societies of Cleveland, tions. combat purposes. America has her Revolutionary War of Ohio, on the occasion of the 115th Anni 1775; Hungary has her Revolutionary War The Comptroller General cited three versary of Hungary's 1848 War of Inde Of 1848. specific management deficiencies that pendence. In our own war of independence, George were primarily responsible for the lack It was my privilege at that time to pay Washington came to the fore and carried of repair parts: tribute to Hungary's great leader and the cause of freedom to final fulfillment. - First, delays in awarding contracts af patriot, Louis Kossuth. We, here today, are the beneficiaries of ter procurement decisions were made; The following i::; a quote from a speech Washingtons personal abilities and devotion. We are the legatees of man's greatest in second, delays in determining whether delivered by Kossuth iQ Cleveland, Ohio, heritance, freedom. 1i9 procure; and third, delays in de on February 3, 1852: The testators are those heroic American termining needs for parts. Yours is a mighty republic, destined to soldiers and people who sacrificed 8 years In his report to the Congress, the enforce the law of nations, upon which rests of war to hand down to us our most precious Comptroller General cautioned that his the delivery of the world from an all-over inheritance. "review of unfilled orders disclosed a very whelming despotism. Historians record the 1848 Hungarian war serious condition. As of September 10, By "overwhelming despotism," Kos of independence as a failure. 1961, the ATAC had 15,662 orders out They unanimously state that Kossuth's suth was specifically referring to the objectives and Hungary's cause were lost in standing for repair parts from Army in then ruling Russian Czarist Govern that war. stallations throughout the world." ment. The Soviet-Communist depot That is not my interpretation of the events The Comptroller General's report cited ism that we have today is both an ex of that time. an alarming number of instances which tension and an expansion of the czarist It is not my evaluation of the life work attested to the failure of this system to tyranny. Kossuth was truly prophetic. of Louis Kossuth. function properly: No one can possibly understand the casual The United States is confronted with an relationship between the noble efforts of Lack of repair parts in the Army supply all-overwhelming threat led and directed Louis Kossuth, the war of 1848, and subse system contributed to the reduction in the against us by the Russian Soviet-Com quent events unless one fully understands combat readiness of certain of the Army's munist Party and government. and appreciates the "Father of the Hungar combat and combat-support vehicles. In My address before the United Hun ian Revolution," Louis Kossuth. addition, the lack of repair parts was the garian Societies of Cleveland follows: We are not gathered here today to com primary reason for the incurrence of un memorate a lost revolution or to pay our re necessary costs of over $500,000 during fiscal Mr. President, Andrew Dono, reverend and, spects to the memory of the leader of a lost year 1961 by procurement of parts locally respected members of the clergy; the dis revolution. that are normally procured centrally at tinguished mayor, RalphS. Locher, honored The Hungarian ideals of independence in lower prices. guests; my esteemed fellow Americans of Hungarian ancestry, I appear before you to the war of 1848; the Kossuth principles of The GAO revealed that the Red River the brotherhood of man were not merely day with a deep sense of attachment by vainglorious, frustrated dreams. Arsenal, during fiscal year 1961, pro personal and ancestral ties. We share a common Hungarian inherit The war of 1884 did result in the attain cured 184 repair parts for about $362,- ment of Kossuth's objectives in a very short 000. On the basis of unit prices paid ance of moralities, of political ideals, of cul time after 1848. ture, of language. for identical parts by ATAC on previous We share an appreciation of the gay and, Kossuth's grand designs, his platforms, his occasions, these parts should have cost at times, sad emotional harmonies of Magyar objectives were fulfilled and came to pass only $249,000. The arsenal, therefore, music. due almost wholly to his political leader paid $113,000, or 46 percent, more than We have a common acceptance of those ship; to his devotion to the cause of free ATAC would have paid for the same highest moralities of the Christian-Judaic dom; and to his sympathetic um:terstanding religions and our Western civilization. for his fellow men. items through centralized procurement. These are some of the Kossuth reforms Mr. Speaker, there can be no excuse There is implanted in our Hungarian back ground an abiding faith and love for one's that came to fruition: Measures for the for the gross mismanagement that per fellow man. emancipation of serfs were enacted; free meates our U.S. Army supply operations That greatest Hungarian, Louis Kossuth, dom of the press was granted in both Aus for vital parts needed to keep our tanks, has inculcated in every Hungarian some of tria and Hungary; flogging and corporal artillery, and combat-supply vehicles in those political ideals upon which this great punishment were abolished. country was founded. The constitutional settlement in 1867, be instant readiness. The revelations of the That is why I am especially grateful to you tween Austria and Hungary, was effected. General Accounting omce constitute, in for your kind invitation to meet with you, This settlement was based upon the Kossuth effect, a self-sabotage of our military my Hungarian kinsmen. Hungarian Constitution of 1848. I extend to this distinguished Hungarian Under the terms of the 1867 settlement, capabilities. the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was Our Federal system of administrative community my respects and offer you my good wishes. created. management is in sore need of a major My compatriots, we, each of us, share a Power for concerted action within inter and complete reform. It lacks produc deep sadness on this commemoration of national and military spheres was central tion objectives, production techniques, Hungary's war of independence of 1848. ized. That was was a struggle between tyranny Austria and Hungary were each allotted production accountability and responsi equal, separate and autonomous powers in bility. and freedom. It was not a new struggle. domestic affairs. Our management process encourages That clash has occurred in every genera His crusade for orphanages, for hospitals, mismanagement and discourages em tion since the beginning of recorded history. for mass education, for fiscal reforms, for ciency and good management. One-hundred and fifteen years ago, the economic growth, for industrialization, suc Hungarian war had for its objectives: Po ceeded in bringing about an early realization litical home rule for Hungary; an equal po of these sociological and economic goals. litical status in a dual monarchy; emanci Kossuth's character and political ideals RUSSIA'S CZARIST DESPOTISM were influenced and patterned, to a large CRUSHED HUNGARY'S 1848 WAR pation of Hungarian serfs and peasants; economic, social, and political reforms to degree, upon the life of George Washington. OF INDEPENDENCE-RUSSIA'S SO raise the status of the peoples of both Hun As a youth, he attended that outstanding VIET-COMMUNISM TOTALITAR gary and Austria. law academy at Sarospatok. IANISM THREATENS ENTIRE FREE The war of 1848 was a revolution against Part of his catechism at Sarospatok were WORLD the tyrannies resulting from the political ab these questions and answers: solutism of an aristocratic monarchy. "Who was the first man?" Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask It is appropriate to recall the events of The answer to that question wa.s "George unanimous consent that the gentleman that period. Washington." from New York [Mr. PILLION] may ex They are quite applicable to our own un ' "What form of government is the best?" tend his remarks at this point in the recognized struggle to maintain our freedom. The answer to that question was "The REcORD and include extraneous matter. In the year of 1848, Europe was in a state Republican form of Government." The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of political fermentation. · Although Louis Kossuth was the greatest The forces of liberty, of constitutional lim Hungarian, he was also a great American objection to the request of the gentleman itations upon government, of constitutional in his beliefs, in his heart. from Pennsylvania? guarantees recognizing the sovereignty of the . . Louis Kossuth was a profound philoso- There was no objection. people, were reaching a crescendo. pher, an eminent historian. · 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4891 He was a humanitarian above all. His of legitimate justification for these shocking First. An accurate appraisal of lts own most profound conviction was the brother brutalities. strength and capacity. hood of man. We must not allow time to soften or dim Second. Assess correctly the power of the He was equally humble, loyal and devoted the atrocities of Budapest. forces against it. to his associates, to the peasants, to his The sacrifices of the children, the ~omet?-1 Third. Assess correctly the potential com superiors in rank. · the men of Hungary will have been in vain bination of actions the enemy may take. He was a masterful linguist. He had a if we do not recognize the diabolical pur Fourth. Plan correctly, and be ready to remarkable command of a beautiful Shake poses behind these events. activate, political and other actions under spearean English. These massacres of Hungarian people are foreseeable future circumstances. In addition to his native Magyar language, a prolongation of a more than 400-year-old We must, as a people, as a Nation, first he was fluent in Latin and German. fixed obsession for aggressionist expansion establish our national aspirations and human Louis Kossuth was an eloquent orator, a First under Russian czarist despotism and values. fervent inspirational crusader. Yet, he was now under Soviet-Communist world totali We are currently befuddled in vague, ab never a demagog. tarianism. stract gossip about freedom, survival and He was a strict moralist, a truly devout The Nikita Khrushchev who ordered peace. practitioner of Christian-Judaic moralities. military mass murder attacks upon the These concepts should be clarified and as Kossuth was Hungary's first modern jour Hungarian civilian population is the same signed their proper priorities. nalist. It was his editorship and his contri Nikita Khrushchev who repeatedly threat A large segment of our population judges butions that successfully established the ens the evaporation of the American people, peace to be of supreme importance. They Pesti Hirlap. you and I, with 50- and 100-megaton nu are the citizens who accept the pro-Commu It is said that Kossuth was proud. That clear bombs. nist slogan: "Peace at any price." is true. But it was not an arrogant self The Hungarian Freedom Crusade should This attitude is reflected in our national pride. serve as a reminder to each of us, every policies, that too often materialize into ap It was a pride in the principles he be day, every hour, that the same diabolical peasement, and the attempted bribery of the lieved in. forces seek our destruction too. Communist-Soviet forces. He had a mind that was conscious of its The United States happens to be only a Another large segment of Americans con own rectitude. He zealously protected the few years further away, on Mr. Khrushchev's sider survival to be all important. This sanctity of his grand concepts, of his moral timetable. spirit is exemplified by another pro-Com ities, of his principles. Today, 1963, marks another anniversary munist slogan~ "Better Red than dead." Louis Kossuth belongs not alone to the that is of critical significance to we Ameri These Americans have forgotten that sur history of Hungary. His concepts are eter cans. vival without freedom is servitude. nal. His work will live in the recording of It was in 1933, that this Nation gave dip It is heartening to know that there is a world history. lomatic recognition to the Soviet. third segment of the American people. It is My friends: The year 1933, marks the beginning of they who accept freedom as the indispensable Father Kossuth still lives. He holds a self-defeating policies toward the Soviet ingredient of man's existence. special place of honor in our hearts. and world communism. Human history is a record of man's strug He remains a symbol of those rare quali This year is the 30th year of our shame gle to be free. This Nation was founded, ties that are so lacking today, that are so ful, ruinous policies that are based upon not upon concepts of survival or peace. It sorely needed by this Nation and the free self-deception. was founded upon the concept of human world. · We like to believe the myth that the in freedom. His brilliant concepts provide an answer, her~nt strength of freedom, the weakness In order to effectively bear the burden of the only answer, to these forces that of a tyrannical government assure the our world responsibllity, this Nation must threaten our existence. United States of victory in this deadly reestablish freedom as the keystone of our Effective countermeasures against the global power war. national purpose. We must never forget that Soviet-Communist politico-military war Many people have laid down their lives to freedom is indispensable, survival is crucial, against all freedom, against all free peoples learn the contrary. peace is desirable. cannot be founded upon compromise of It is not ordained by anyone that freedom There are those, including Mr. Khrushchev, fundamental principles. cannot be lost. who maintain that this country must choose Survival cannot be predicated upon poli It is stlll true that the price of liberty is between freedom, survival, or peace. I do cies of vacillation, conciliation, compromise, eternal vigilance. We have lost all vigilance. not believe that we must necessarily sacri retreat, and surrender. The most honest homage we can pay to fice any one of these objectives in order to It is a sorrowful commentary to recall those who died in Budapest is to recognize, preserve the others. that the aspirations of the Hungarian peo and to admit that freemen can, and do, die I am convinced that a realistic approach ple for freedom have been brutally crushed, in vain. by this Nation, and our people, to the causes bathed in Hungarian blood on three occa We have become corrupted by prejudices, of the world crises would realize freedom, sions by Russian despotism and totalitarian by false images. Chastity of mind, the stark secure survival, and attain an enduring, ism. truth, is a prerequisite virtue for a free true peace for all humanity. On August 11, 1848, General Gorgey sur people. My friends, the United States and the free rendered his Hungarian Army not to the A large segment of our intelligentsia, and world have completely failed to comprehend Austrians, but to the Russian Field Mar of those teachers and news media who form the magnitude, the scope, the weapons sys shal Paskiewitisch. and shape public opinion offer the theory tems of the Soviet-Communist war. Hungary's desperate struggle for freedom that communism is only an ideology, an It is a war of demoralization, disintegra was defeated not by its oppressor, Austria, other political philosophy, an alternative tion, and destruction. but by the overwhelming military forces of series of sociological and economic principles. It is a relentless, unlimited war of indefi Russia. Ladies and gentlemen, this is a completely nite duration. In the year 1919, Bela Kun overthrew Hun false concept of the crises that confront us. It is a war of total enmity, to which our gary's democratic government. He cold The sociological and economic theories of enemies are irrevocably committed. bloodedly murdered thousands of Hungary's Karl Marx have been proven to be fallacious leaders. It is a dual war. He imposed a Communlst regime upon almost in toto. One war is carried on by the more than her people. He extinguished all Hungarian We are not dealing with Marxist dialectics 100 Communist parties, organized and op freedoms. or ideology. erating in every nation on this globe. These Bela Kun was a Moscow-trained murdering The Soviet-Communist world conspiracy parties recognize and serve under the leader revolutionist. Bela Kun was the forerunner ls a system of world political-military power. ship of Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of Castro. It is the product not of Marx, but of that of the COmmunist Party of the Soviet Union. That revolution was conceived, planned mad evil genius, Lenin. The second war is the one being waged and its execution directed out of Moscow. This Moscow-directed worldwide campaign by the Soviet and its satellite bloc of na History repeated itself in CUba. is a permanent international revolution tions. This second war concentrates the It is most tragic that the State Depart played with the skillful advance planning of total military, political, economic, diplo ment of the United States is so incapable of a chess game. matic, and all other human resources upon reading and understanding. and interpreting All military, economic, social, cultural, the disintegration of the free world. historical events. . Ideological resources are focused and con Khrushchev is the commander in chief for It is only 6~ years ago, that these same centrated upon world power politics. both of these wars. Soviet-Communist murderers machine Neither freedom, nor prosperity, nor While the Soviet-Communist forces have gunned the children of Budapest, in Octo materialism, nor patriotism, nor military been waging a unilateral campaign of po-· ber and November of 1956. strength offers security for this Nation. litical, military, economic, diplomatic, and Again, the Russian. Soviet-Communist We must learn that the survival of this psychomoral war, the United States has been despotism crushed Hungary's struggle for Nation is dependent upon a combination and waging a unilateral campaign for peace. freedom by brutal bloody massacre. coordination of truth, power, policy, and will. Our foreign policies, for the past 30 years, The security of neither the Russian nor the For an accurate assessment of the require have completely falled to meet the realities Soviet nation was threatened on any one of ments for survival, this Nation and every and the practicalities of the Communist of these occasions. There was never a scintilla other nation demands: fensive. 4892 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 · Our foreign policies have not materially to the Soviet-Communist self-proclaimed The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there changed in the past SO years. and self-admitted campaign to destroy all objection to the request of the gentleman There has not been one 5-year period in free nations, there are two additional funda the past 30 years during which the Soviet mental requirements that this Nation must from Hawaii? Union has not become relatively stronger accept and fulfill if we wish to survive. There was no objection. and the United States has not become rela The first requirement 1s that the United Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, this tively weaker. States restore a clear, preponderant military year marks the 300th anniversary of the We are losing the war for survival at an superiority over the Soviet-Communist Rhode Island Charter of 1663; I ask per ever-accelerating pace. forces. mission to revise and extend remarks Permit me to review some of the failures We have permitted our milltary power to in order that it may be printed in full of our foreign policies that have contributed erode until the Soviet now has a relative in the RECORD. to our present critical posture: parity of mllltary firepower. This policy First. For a period, we relied upon mili invites national and international suicide. Rhode Island was colonized by reli tary superiority. Yet, our heaviest losses- Our military superiority and firepower gious dissenters from Massachusetts, led the loss of middle Europe and China-were should be in a ratio of at least 1 ~ to 1 over by Roger Williams. For them he ob sustained between 1945 and 1950 when the the Soviet at all times. tained a parliamentary charter in 1643 United States had a clear m111tary superiority. We have the wealth, the economy to at by which the colony was governed until Second. For a time, we relied upon mili tain and to maintain this supremacy. the restoration of Charles II in 1660. As tary alliances. NATO and SEATO were not It is essential for our survival. soon as the restoration had been offi an effective answer. They are today rapidly We must have sumclent military power to disintegrating. prevent a Khrushchev miscalculation of our cially proclaimed, John Clarke was sent Third. The policy of massive retaliation is will and abllity to completely eradicate the to England as the deputy of the colonists now only a memory. Soviet Empire. Our first aim must be to in order to solicit a new charter. This Fourth. The United Nations is now recog avoid the inception of war and still attain was necessary since the charter of 1643 nized as no hindrance to Soviet-Communist our national and international objectives. had been granted by parliamentary rath subversions. The second requirement is in the field ot er than by royal authority. Fifth. Summit meetings and endless nego foreign policy. Clarke's petition to Charles II con tiations are an exercise in futility. We sorely need a complete reevaluation of Sixth. Foreign aid, atoms for peace plans, our national goals, our foreign policies, our tained the following words which found international loans, disarmament negotia policymaking machinery. their way into the charter, and are now tions, nuclear test bans have proven to be There is a serious lack of orientation and inscribed on the south front of the Rhode self-defeating. coordination between our mllltary capabili Island Statehouse: As a people, we continue to be guilty of ties and our foreign policies. Wherefore your petitioners have it much oversimplifications. We like to believe that Our foreign policies, our economy, our on their hearts (if they may be permitted) there are easy, simple answers to our most mi11tary capablUties are interdependent and to hold forth a lively experiment, that a complex international problems. must support each other to attain our na flourishing civill State may stand, yea., and Let us remind you of some of these over tional objectives and aspirations. best be maintained, and that among English simplifications that have been peddled to The three successive flascos of Cuba are a spirits, with a full liberty in religious our people. classic example of the complete lack of co concernments. First. The only missile we need is to dis ordination between the President's Omce, the tribute Sears, Roebuck catalogs around the National Security Council, the State Depart The charter of 1663 was the first crea world. ment, and the Central Intell1gence Agency. tion by British patent of a body politic. Second. The only trouble with the State I refer, first, to our policies that aided Previously, of course, corporations had Department is the !allure of our diplomats Castro's overthrow of Batista when our om been constituted within the realm for to speak the language of the nation to which clals were fully aware of the fact that he was the government of colonial plantations; they are accredited to. a Soviet-Communist agent. but now specific powers were granted for Third. Electrify all rural villages. Second, I refer to the Bay of Pigs debacle Fourth. Land reform. the most ill-conceived, misplanned, and mis administering all the affairs of a colony Fifth. Get rid of all dictators-cuba is an managed mllltary fiasco in all history. within the colonial territory. And in example. Third, I refer to the recent az: 1 present its provision for representation of the These are samples of our simpleness and policies that encouraged and permitted the freemen of the colony the charter was gull1blllty. Soviet to convert Cuba into a military base a major improvement on that granted Ladles and gentlemen: It is my conviction that critically threatens our margin for to Massachusetts. that the steady decline of the U.S. power and survival. . The colony was given its new name in prestige is backing us into the desperate Our present policy of halfhearted contain alternatives or either: the clause establishing it as a body poli ment is ineffective and wholly inadequate tic: Surrender or a preventive thermonuclear to meet the Soviet-Communist challenge. war. This Nation cannot continue in itS pres We create and make them a bodye poli Our present unrealistic foreign policies in ent state of schizophrenia psychosis, its tique or corporate, with the powers and vite and encourage the horrors of either a split personality and vacillations toward privileges hereinafter mentioned. And ac nuclear war or a cleverly hidden continua communism. cordingly • • • wee • • • doe ordeyne, tion of retreat and eventual surrender. constitute and declare, that they, the sayd But, my fellow Americans, there is a third A mllltary supremacy, combined with a (named persons and all subsequently ad alternative l! we have the will to accept the firm, realistic foreign policy is the only hope mitted freemen) shall be • • • forever here realities of our situation. for our survival. after, a bodie corporate and politique, in The Nation and its people must first of It is the only hope for the liberation of fact and name, by the name of The Governor all face up to the grim truth: Hungary and the captive nations. and Company of the English Collonle of First. That the Soviet-Communist inter The sacrifices of the Hungarian people Rhode-Island and Providence Plantation, in national conspiracy is dedicated to the de upon the altar of freedom will not have been New.-England, in America. struction of all free nations and all free in 'vain, if we can re~ember that freedom peoples. is not free. It demands vigilance, courage, Then follow provisions relating to the Second. That the Soviet-led Communist dedication, and sacrifice. Governor, Deputy Governor, and 10 as conspiracy is waging a total war against the The moral principles upon which our sistants, for an annus.l general assembly free world. freedom is founded are irreconciliable with with power to admit freemen, elect offi Third. That the United States is the No. totalitarianism. Freedom is not compromis cers, and make laws: 1 target of the Soviet-Communist campaign. able. Fourth. That the Soviet-Communist forces Communism is an absolute evil. It is not So as such laws, ordinances, and constitu are winning that world politicom111tary debatable. tions, so made, be not contrary and repug struggle and the United States and the free nant unto, but (as near as may be) agreeable The survival of this Nation, of the free to the laws of this our realm of England, world are losing it. world is not negotiable. Fl!th. That we cannot win this struggle considering the nature and constitution of unless we recognize its existence, and arouse the place and :reople there. in our people a will to defend themselves, RHODE ISLAND CHARTER Provisions of the charter grant the and to win this conflict. power to establish courts, and to hold Sixth. We cannot formUlate effective pol TERCENTENARY icies to counter Communist-Soviet aggres annual elections. The first officers are sions, guerrilla wars, and subversions until Mr. GILL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani named. The power to bear arms is we identl!y our enemies, correctly appraise mous consent that the gentleman from granted: and locate the deployment of their forces. Rhode Island [Mr. ST GERMAIN] may And to use and exercise the law martian Ladles and gentlemen; if we accept the extend his remarks at this point in the in such cases only as occasion shall neces need to give national and omcial recognition RECORD and include extraneous matter. sarily require. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4893 There is to be no interference with ing themselves, and one another, in the holy freely and fully have and enjoy his and fishery rights. There shall be freedom Christian faith and worship as they were their own judgments and consciences, in of migration from England. The inhab persuaded, together with the gaining over matters of religious concernments, through and conversion of the poor ignorant Indian out the tract of land hereafter mentioned, itants and their children are to have natives, in those parts of America, to the they behaving themselves peaceably and the rights of persons born in England. sincere profession and obedience of the same quietly, and not using this liberty to licen There shall be appeals to -the Crown in faith and worship, did not only by the con tiousness and profaneness, nor to the civil controversies with other New England sent and good encouragement of our royal injury or outward disturbance of others, colonies, and there shall be freedom of progenitors, transport themselves out of this any law, statute, or clause therein con movement among the colonies. This kingdom of England into America; but also tained, or to be contained, usage or custom clause is of interest since it is the germ since their arrival there, after their first set of this realm, to the contrary hereof, in tlement amongst other our subjects in those any wise notwithstanding. And that they of the idea of what much later became parts, for the avoiding of discord, and those may be in the better capacity to defend the commerce clause of the Constitu many evils which were likely to ensue upon themselves in their just rights and liberties tion of the United States: those our subjects, not being able to bear in against all the enemies of the Christian Itt shall be lawful to and for the inhabi those remote parts their different apprehen faith, and others, in all respects, we have tants of sayd Collony of Providence Planta sions in religious concernments; and in pur further thought fit, and at the humble pe tion, without let or molestation, to passe suance of the aforesaid ends, did once again tition of the persons aforesaid, are graciously and repasse with freedom, into and through leave their desirable stations and habita pleased to declare, That they shall have and the rest of the English Collonies, upon their tions, and with excessive labour and travel, enjoy the benefit of our late act of indem lawful and civ111 occasions, and to converse, hazard, and charge, did transplant them nity, and free pardon, as the rest of our sub and hold commerce and trade, with such of selves into the midst of the Indian natives, jects in other our doininions and territories the inhabitants of our other English Collonies who, as we are informed, are the most potent have; and to create and make them a body as shall bee w1lling to admit them thereunto, princes and people of all that country; politic or corporate, with the powers or privi they behaveing themselves peaceably among whereby the good providence of God (from leges hereinafter mentioned: and accord them; any act, clause or sentence, in any of whom the plantations have taken their ingly, our will and pleasure is, and of our the sayd Collonies provided, or that shall bee name) upon their labour and industry, they especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere provided, to the contrary in anywise not have not only been preserved to admiration, motion, we have ordained, constituted, and withstanding. but have increased and prospered, and are declared, and by these presents, for us, our seized and possessed, by purchase and con heirs, and successors, do ordain, constitute, And most important of all: sent of the said natives, to their full content, and declare. The government is to be held by the free of such lands, islands, rivers, harbours, and That they the said William Brenton, Wil and voluntary consent of all or the greater roads, as are very convenient both for plan liam Coddington, Nicholas Easton, Benedict part of the free inhabitants. tations, and also for building of ships, sup Arnold, William Boulston, John Porter, Sam ply of pipe-staves, and other merchandize, uel Gorton, John Smith, John Weekes, Roger By the charter of 1663 complete reu.:. and which lies very commodious in many Williams, Thomas Olney, Gregory Dexter, gious liberty was granted. This is the respects for commerce, and to accommodate John Cogeshall, Joseph Clarke, Randall famous provision: our southern plantations, and may much ad Boulden, John Greene, John Roome, William Noe person within the sayd colonye, at any vance the trade of this our realm, and greatly Dyre, Samuel Wildbore, Richard Tew, Wil tyme hereafter, shall bee any wise molosted, enlarge the territories thereof; they having liam Field, Thomas Harris, James Barker, punished, disquieted, or called in question, by near neighbourhood to, and friendly so Rainsborrow, Williams, and John Nickson, for any differences in opinione in· matters of ciety with, the great body of the Narraganset and all such others as are now, or hereafter religion, and doe not actually disturb the Indians, given them encouragement, of their shall be admitted, free of the company and civil peace of our sayd colony; but that all own accord, to subject themselves, their peo society of our colony of Providence Planta and everye person and persons may, from ple and lands, unto us; whereby (as is tions, in the Narraganset Bay, in New Eng tyme to tyme, and at all tymes hereafter, hoped) there may, in time, by the blessing land, shall be, from time to time, and for ever freelye and fullye have and enjoye his and of God upon their endeavours, be laid a sure hereafter, a body corporate ana politic, in theire owne judgments and consciences, in foundation of happiness to all America. fact and name, by the name of the Governor matters of religious concernments • • • And whereas, in their humble address, they and Company of the English Colony of Rhode any lawe, statute, or clause, therein con have freely declared, That it is much on their Island, and Providence Plantations, in ·New tayned, or to bee contayned, usage, of cus hearts (if they be permitted) to hold forth England, in America; and that by the same tome of this realme, to the contrary hereof, a lively experiment, that a most flourishing name they and their successors shall and in any wise, notwithstanding. civil state may stand, and best be main may have perpetual succession, and shall tained, and that among our English subjects, and may be persons able and capable in the Founded by those to whom freedom with a full Uberty in religious concernments, law to sue and be sued, to plead and . be of conscience was more precious than and that true piety, rightly grounded upon impleaded, to answer and to be answered life itself, Rhode Island, throughout its gospel principles, will give the best and unto, to defend and to be defended, in all and history, has preserved its proud heritage. greatest security to sovereignty, and will lay singular suits, causes, quarrels, matters, ac in the hearts of men the strongest obliga tions, and things, of what kind or nature At this time of celebration of the ter tions to true loyalty: now know ye, That we soever; and also to have, take, possess, ac centenary of a famous charter, Rhode being willing to encourage the hopeful un quire, and purchase lands, tenements, or Islanders will honor the distinguished dertaking of our said loyal and loving sub hereditaments, or any good~ or chattels, and past of their State in its days as a colony jects, and to secure them in the free exercise the same to lease, grant, deinise, alien, bar by preserving in the present and in the and enjoyment of all their civil and religious gain, sell and dispose of, at their own will future its tradition of freedom. rights appertaining to them as our loving and pleasure, as other our liege people of LUCAS, SAMUEL. CHARTERS OF THE OLD ENG subjects; and to preserve unto them that this our realm of England, or any corpora LISH COLONIES IN AMERICA. LoNDON, J. Uberty in the true Christian faith and wor tion or body politic within the same, may ship of God, which they have sought with lawfully do; and further. PARKER, 1850. JK49.L8. so much travel, and with peaceable minds That they the said Governor and Com RHODE ISLAND, GRANTED BY KING CHARLES II, and loyal subjection to our loyal progenitors, pany, and their successors, shall and may, for IN THE FOURTEENTH YEAR OF HIS REIGN. and ourselves, to enjoy: and because some ever hereafter, have a commpn seal, to serve Charles the Second, by the grace of God, of the people and inhabitants of .the same and use for all matters, causes, things, and &c. To all to whom these presents shall colony cannot, in their private opinion, con affairs whatsoever, of them and their suc come, greeting. Whereas. we have been in form to the public exercise of religion, ac cessors, and the same seal to alter, change, formed by the humble petition of our trusty cording to the liturgy, form, and ceremonies break, an make new from time to time, at and well beloved subjects John Clarke, on of the church of England, or take or sub their will and pleasure, as they shall think the behalf of Benjamin Arnold, William scribe the oaths and articles made and estab fit. And further, we will and ordain, and Brenton, William Codington, Nicholas Eas lished in that behalf; and for that the same, by these presents, for us, our he~rs , and suc ton, William Boulston, John Porter, John by reason of the remote distances of those cessors, do declare and appoint, That for the Smith, Samuel Gorton, John Weekes, Roger places, will, as we hope, be no breach of the better ordering and managing of the affairs Williams, Thomas Olney, Gregory Dext ·, unity and uniformity established in this and business of the said company and their John Cogeshall, Joseph Clarke, Randall nation, have therefore thought fit, and do successors, there shall be one governor, one Houlden, John Greene, John Roome, Samuel hereby publish, grant, ordain, and declare, deputy governor, and ten assistants, to be Wildbore, William Field, James Barker, Rich that our royal will and pleasure is-- from time to time constituted, elected, and ard Tew, Thomas Harris, and William Dft"e, That no person within the said colony, at chosen, out of the freemen of the said com and the rest of the purchasers, and free in any time hereafter, shall be any-wise mo pany, for the time being, in such manner habitants of our island called Rhode Island, lested, punished, disquited, or called in and from as is hereafter in these presents and the rest of the colony of Providence question, for any differences in opinion in expressed; which said officers shall apply Plantations, in the Narraganset Bay, in New matters of religion, and do not actually dis themselves to take care for the best dispos England in America, That they, pursuing turb the civil peace of our said colony;. but ing and ordering of the general business and with peace and loyal minds, their sober, seri that all and every person and persons may, affairs of and concerning the lands and ous, and religious intentions, of godly edify- from time to time, and at all times hereafter, hereditaments herein aftermentioned to be 4894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 granted, and the plantation thereof, and the repugnant unto, but, as near as may agree any o~her the omcers of the said company, government of the people there. And for the able to the laws of this our realm of Erigland shall die, or be removed from his or their better execution of our royal pleasure herein, considering the nature and constitution ·of &ev~ral omces or p~aces, before the said gen we do for us, our heirs, and successors, as the place and people there; and also to ap eral day of election (whom we do hereby sign,. name, constitute, and appoint, the point, order and direct, erect and settle such de"clare for any· misdemeanor or default, to aforesaid Benedict Arnold to be the first and places·and courts of jurisdiction, for hearing be. removeable by the governor. assistants present governor of the said company, and and determining of all actions, cases, matters and company, or such greater part o! them, the said Wllliam Brenton to be the deputy and things, happening within the said colony in any of the said public courts to be as governor, and the said William Boulston, and plantation, and which shall be in dis sembled, as aforesaid). that then. and in John Porter, Roger Willlams, Thomas Olney, pute, and depending there, as they shall every such case, it shall and may be lawful John Smith, John Greene, John Cogeshall, think fit; and also to distinguish and set to and for the said governor, deputy-gover James Barker, William Field, and Joseph forth the several names and titles, duties, nor, assistants and company aforesaid, or Clarke, to be the ten present assistants of powers, and limits, of each court, oftlce and such greater part of them so to be assembled, the said company, to continue in the said omcer, superior and inferior; and also, to con as is aforesaid, in any of their assemblies, to several omces respecti-vely, until the first trive and appoint such forms of oaths and proceed to a new election of one or more Wednesday which shall be in the month of attestations, not repugnant, but as near as of their company, in the room or place, May now next coming. may be agreeable as aforesaid to the laws rooms or places, of such omcer or omcers so · And further, we wm, and by these pres and statutes of this our realm, as are con dying or removed, according to their ents, for us, our heirs and successors, do venient and requisite, with respect to the directions. ordain anc: grant, That the governor of the due administration of justice, and due execu And immediately upon and after such said company, for the time being, or in his tion and discharge of all omces and places election or elections made of such governor, absence, by occasion of sickness, or other of trust, by the persons that shall be therein deputy-governor, assistant or assistants, or wise, by his leave or permission, the deputy concerned; and also to regulate and order any other omcer of the said company, in governor, for the time being, shall and may, the way and manner of all elections to omces manner and form aforesaid, the authority, from time to time, upon all occasions, give and places of trust, and to prescribe, limit omce and power, before given to the former order for the assembling of the said com and distinguish the number and bounds of governor, deputy-governor, and other omcer pany, and calling them together, to consult all places, towns and cities, with the limits and omcers so removed, in whose stead and and advise of the business and affairs of the and bounds herein after mentioned, and not place new shall be chosen, shall, as to him said company; and that for ever hereafter, herein particularly named, who have or shall and them, and every of them respectively, twice in every year, that is to say, on every have the power of electing and sending of cease and determine: provided always, and fl,rst Wednesday in the month of May, and freemen to the said general assembly; and our will and -pleasure is, That as well such on every last Wednesday in October, or also to order, direct and authorise, the im as are by these presents appointed to be the oftener, in case it shall be requisite, the posing of lawful and reasonable fines; mulcts, present governor, deputy-governor, and as •a.sst.stants, and such of the freemen of the imprisonments, and executing other punish sistants of the said company, as those which said company, not exceeding six persons, for ments, pecuniary and corporal, upon offen shall succeed them, and all other officers to Newport, four persons for each of the respec ders and delinquents, according to the course be appointed and chosen as aforesaid, shall, tive towns of Providence, Portsmouth, and of other corporations, within this our king before. the undertaking the execution of the ·Warwick, and two persons for each other dom of England; and again, to alter, revoke, said omces and places respectively, give their place; town or city, who shall be from time annul or pardon, under their common seal, solemn engagement by oath or otherwise, for to time thereunto elected or deputed by the or otherwise, such fines, mulcts, imprison the due and faithful performance of th"E!ir major part of the freemen of the respective ments, sentences, judgments and condemna duties in their several omces and places, be places, towns or places for which they shall tions, as shall be thought fit; and to direct, fore such person or persons as are by these be so elected or deputed, shall have a gen rule, order and dispose of all other matters presents hereafter appointed to take and re · ~ral meeting or assembly, then and there to and things, and particularly that which re ceive the same; (that is to say) the said ·consult, advise and determine, in and about latea to the making of purchases of the na Benedict Arnold, who is. herein before nom1: the a.ft'airs and business of the said com tive Indians, as to them shall seem meet. nated and appointed the present governor pany and plantations. And further, we Whereby our said people and inhabitants of the said cqmpany, shall give the -afore do of our especial grace, certain knowledge, in the said plantations, may be so religious said engagement before William Brenton, and mere motion, give and grant unto the ly, peaceably and civilly governed, as that of .any two of the said assistants of the said said governor and company of the English by their good life, and orderly conversation, company, unto whom we do, by these pres colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plan they may win and invite the native Indians ents, give full ·power and authority to re tations, in New England, in America, and of the country to the knowledge and obedi quire and receiv~ the same; and the said their successors. ence of the only true God and Saviour of W111iam Brenton, who is hereby before nomi That the governor, or in his absence, or mankind; willing, commanding and requir nated and ap.Pointed the present deputy by his permission, the deputy governor of ing, and by these presents, for us, our heirs governor of the said company, shall give the the said company, for the time being, the and successors, ordaining and appointing, aforesaid engagement before the said Bene assistants, and such of the freemen of the that all such laws, statutes, orders and dict Arnold, or any two of the assistants of said company as shall be so aforesaid elected ordinances, instructions, impositions and the said company, unto whom we do, by . or deputed, or so. many of them as shall be directions, as shall be so made by the gover these presents, give full power and authority ·present at such meeting or assembly, as afore nor, deputy, assistants and freemen, or such to require and receive the same; and the said, shall be called the general assembly; number of them as aforesaid, and published said William Boulston, John · Porter, Roger and that they, or the greatest part of them in writing under their common seal, shall be Williams, Thomas Olney, John Smith, John then present, whereof the governor, or dep carefully and duly observed, kept, performed Greene, John Coggeshall, James Barker, Wil uty governor, and siX of the assistants at and put in execution, according to the true liam Field, and Joseph Clarke, who are least, to be seven, shall have, and have hereby intent and meaning of the same. And these herein before nominated and appointed the given and granted unto them, full power our letters patents, or the duplicate or ex present assistants oi the company, shall give and authority, from tlme to time; and at all emplification thereof, shall be to all and the said engagement to their omces and times hereafter, to appoint, alter, and change every such omcers, superior or inferior, from places respectively belonging, before the said ·such days, times and places of meeting, and time to time, for the putting of the same or Benedict Arnold and· William Brenton, or general assembly, as they shall think fit, ders, laws, statutes, ordinances, instructions one of them, to whom respectively we do and to chuse, -nominate and appoint such and directions, in due execution against us, hereby give full power and authority to re and so many persons as they shall think fit, our heirs and successors, a sumcient warrant quire, administer or receive the same. ·and shall be willlng to accept the same, to and discharge. And further, our will and And further, our will and pleasure is, that be free of the said company and body politic pleasure is, and we· do hereby for us, our ·au and every other future governor, or dep and them into the same to admit, and to heirs and successors, establish and ordain, uty governor, to be elected and chosen by elect, and constitute-such oftlces and omcers, That yearly, once in the year for ever here virtue of these presents, shall give the said and to grant ·such needful commissions as after, namely, the aforesaid Wednesday in engagement before two or more of the said they shall think fit and requisite, for order May, and at the town of Newport, or else assistants of the said company for the time ·mg, managing, and dispatching of the affairs where if urgent occasion do require, the being, unto whom we do, by these presents, of the said governor and company, and their ·governor, deputy-governor, and assistants of give full power and authority to require, successors; and, from time to time, to make, the said company·, and other omcers of the administer or receive the same; and the said ordain, constitute or repeal~ such laws, stat said company, or such of them as the general assistants, and every of them, and all and utes, orders and ordinances, forms and cere assembly shall think fit, shall be in the said every other omcer or omcers, to be hereafter monies of government and magistracy, as to general court or assembly, to be held from elected and chosen by virtue of these pres them shall seem meet, for the good and that day or time, newly chosen for the year ents, from time to time, shall give the like welfare of the said company, and for the ensuing, by greater part of the said com engagements to th~ir omces and places re government and ordering of the lands and pany for the time being, as shall be then spectively belonging, before the governor, or hereditaments herein after mentioned to be and there present. And it it shall happen deputy governor, for the time being; unto granted, and of the people that do, or at any that the present governor, deputy-governor, which said governor, or deputy governor, we time hereafter shall inhabit, or be within and assistants, by these presents appointed, do by these presents give full power and au the same; so· as such laws, ordinances, and or any such as shall hereafter be newly thority to require, administer, or receive the constitutions, so nia.cte, be not contrary and chosen into their rooms, or atlY of them, or same accordingly. And we do likewise, for 1963 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-·HOUSE 4895 us our heirs and successors, ·give and. grant plantation, or any other by ·appointment . towards the plantation and defence of the un:to the said governor a_nd company, and of the said governor and company, for the said colony; such and so many of our loving their successors,. by these presents. th_at for time being, shall at any time or times here subjects and strangers, as shall or will will the more peaceable and .orderly government after rob or spoil, by sea or land, or do any ingly accompany them in and to their said of the said plantations, It shall and may be hurt, or unlawful hostlllty, to any of the colony and plantation, except such person or lawful for the .governor, deputy governor, subjects of us, our heirs and successors, or persons as are or shall be therein restrained assistants, and all other. officers and minis any of the subjects of any Prince or State, by us, our heirs and successors, or any law ters, of the said company, in the adminis.tra being then in league with us, our heirs and or statute of this realm; and also to ship and tion of justice, and exercise of government, successors; upon complaint of such injury transport all and all manner of goods, chat in the said plantations, to use, exercise, and done to any such Prince or State, or their tels, merchandize, and other things whatso put in execution, such methods, rules, orders, subjects, we, our heirs and successors, will ever, that are or shall be useful or necessary and directions, not being contrary and make open proclamation, within any parts for the said plantations, and defence thereof, repugnant to the laws and statutes of this of our realm of England, fit for that pur by any law or statute of this our realm; yield our realm, as has been heretofore given, pose, that the person or persons committing ing and paying unto us, our heirs and suc used, and accustomed in such cases respec any such robbery or spoil, shall, within the cessors, such the duties, customs, and subsi tively, to be put in practice, unt11, at the time limited by such proclamation, make dies, as are or ought to be paid or payable next or some other general assembly, especial full restitution or satisfaction of all such for the same. And further, our will and injuries done or committed, so as the said pleasure is, and we do, for us, our heirs and provision shall be made and ordained in the successors, ordain, declare and grant, unto cases aforesaid. And we do further, for us, Prince, or others so complaining, may be fully satisfied . and contented; and if the ·the said governor and company, and their our heirs and successors, give and grant unto said person or persons, who shall commit · successors, that all and every the subjects of the said governor and company, and their any such robbery or f!POil, shall not make us, our heirs and successors, which are al successors, by these presents, that It shall satisfaction accordingly within such time so r&ady planted and settled within our f!aid and may be lawful to and for the said gov to be limited, that. then we, our heirs and colony of Providence plantations, or which ernor, or in his absence the deputy governor, successors, will put such person or persons shall hereafter go to inhabit within the said and major part of the said assistants for the out of our allegiance and protection; and colony, and all and every of their children time being, at any time, when the said gen- that then it sball .and may be lawful and Which have been born there, or Which ·Shall . eral assembly is not sitting, to nominate, ap-· free ·for all Princes or others, to prosecute happen hereafter to be born there, or on the point and constitute such and so many with hostlllty such offenders, and every of sea going thither or returning from thence, commanders, governors, and military officers, them, their and every of their procurers, shall have and enjoy all liberties and im as to them shall seem requisite, for the lead alders, abbetors and counsellors, in that be munities of free and natural subjects, within ing, conducting, and training up the in half. any the dominions of us, our heirs or suc habitants .of the said plantations in martial Provided also, and our express will and cessors, to all intents, constructions and pur affairs, and for the defence and safeguard of pleasure is, and we do by these presents, for poses whatsoever, as if they and every of the said plantations; and that it shall and us, our heirs and successors, ordain and ap them were born within the realm of may be lawful to and for all and every such point, that these presents shall not in any England. commander, governor, and · military officer, manner hinder any of our loving subjects And further know ye, that we, of our more that shall be so as aforesaid, or by the gov whatsoever, from using and exercising the abundant grace, certain knowledge, and ernor, or in his. absence the deputy-governor trade of fishing upon the coast of New-Eng mere motion, have given, granted and con and six of the assistants, and major part of land in America, but that they, and every or firmed, and by these presents, for us, our the freemen of the said company, present any of them, shall have full and free power heirs and successors, do give, grant and con at any general assemblies, nominated, ap and Uberty to continue and use the trade of firm, unto the said governor and company, pointed and constituted, according to the fishing upon the said coast, in any of the and their successors, all that part of our do tenor of his and their respective commis seas thereunto adjoining, or any arms of minions, in New-England in America, con sions and directions, to assemble, exercise the sea, or salt-water, rivers and creeks, taining the Nahantick and Nanhlygansett · in· arms, marshal, array, and put in warlike where they have been accustomed to fish, alias Narragansett bay and countries and posture, the inhabitants of the said colony, and to build and set upon the waste land be parts adjacent, b<;>unded on the west, or west for their especial defence and safety; and longing to the said colony and plantations, erly, to the middle or channel of a river there, to lead and conduct the said inhabitants, and such wharfs, stages, and work-houses as shall commonly called and known by the name to encounter, repulse, and resist by force of be necessary for the salting, drying and of Pawcatuck alias Pawcawtuck river, and arms, as well by sea as by land, and also to · keeping of their fish, to be taken or gotten so along the said river, as the greater' or k111, slay, and destroy, by all fitting ways, ·upon that coast. And further, for the en middle stream thereof reacheth or lies up enterprize&, and means w~atsoever, all and couragement of- the .inhabitants of our said · into the north country, ·northward unto the every such person or persons, as shall at any colony of Providence 'plantation, to set upon head thereof, and from thence by a strait time hereafter attempt or enterprize the de the business of taking whales, it shall be line drawn due north, until it meet with struction, invasion, detriment, or annoyance lawful for them, or any of them, having the south line of the Massachusets colony, of the said inhabitants or plantations; and struck a whale, dubertus, or other great fish, and on the north or northerly by the afore to use and exercise the law martial, In such it or them to pursue unto that coast, and into said south or southerly line in the Massa cases only as occasion shall necessarily re any bay, river, cove, creek or shore, belonging chusets colony or plantation, and extending quire; and to take and surprize, by all ways thereto, and it or them, upon the said coast, towards the east or eastwardly three Eng and means whatsoever, all and every such or in the said bay, river, _cove, creek or shore, lish miles, to the east and north-east of the person and persons, with their ship or ships, belonging thereto, to kill and order for the most eastern and north-eastern parts of the armour, ammunition, or other goods of such best advantage without molestation, they aforesaid Narragansett bay, as the said bay persons as shall in hostile manner invade or making no w1lful waste, or spoil; any thing lieth or extendeth itself from the ocean on attempt the defeating of the said plantation, in these presents contained. or any other the south or southwardly, unto the mouth or the hurt of the said company and in matter or thing to the contrary notwith of the river which runneth towards the town habitants; and upon just causes to invade standing. And further also, we are graciously of Providence, and fro.:n thence along the and destroy the natives, Indians, or other pleased, and do hereby declare, that if any eastwardly side or bank of the said river enemies of the said colony. of the inhabitants of our said colony do set (higher called by the name of Seacunck Nevertheless, our will and pleasure is, and upon the planting of vineyards, (the soil and river) up to the falls called Patucket falls, we do hereby declare, to the rest _of our. colo climate both . seeming naturally to concur being the most westwardly line of Plymouth nies in New-England, that it shall not be to the production of wines,) or be industri colony; and so from the said falls, in a strai1; lawful for this our said colony of Rhode-Is ous in the discovery of fishing-banks, in .or line due north, until it meet with the afore land arid Providence plantations In America, about the said colony, we will. from time to said line of the Massachusetts colony, and in New-England, to invade the natives in time, give .and allow all due and fitting bounded on t:Pe south by the ocean, and in habiting within the bounds and limits of encouragement therein, as to others in cases particular the lands belonging to the towp. of their said colonies, without the knowledge .of like nature. Providence, Patuxit·, Warwicke, Misquam and consent of the said other colonies. And And further of our m9re ample grace, cer macock alias Pawcatuck, and the rest it is hereby declared that it shall not be law tain knowledge, and mere motion, we have upon the main land, in· the tract aforesaid. ful to ·or for the rest of the colonies to given and granted, and by these presents, together with Rhode-Island, Blocke-Island, invade or molest the native Indians, or any for us, our heirs and successors, do give and and all the rest of the islands and banks other inhabitants in having within the grant, unto the said governor and company in the Narragansett bay, and border bounds or limits hereafter mentioned, (they of the English colony of Rhode-Island and ing upon the coast of the tract aforesaid, having subjected themselves unto us, and Providence plantation in the Narragansett (Fisher's-Island only excepted) together with being by us taken into olir· special protec bay in New-England, in America, and to every all firm lands, soils, grounds, havens, ports, tion,) without the knowledge and consent inhabitant there, and to every person and of the governor and company of our colony rivers, waters, fishings, mines royal, and all persons trading thither, and to every such other mines, minerals, precious stones, quar of Rhode-Island ~d Providence plantation. person or persons as are or shall be free of Also our will and pleasure is, and we do the said colony, full power and authority, ries, woods, wood-grounds, rocks, slat~s. and hereby declare unto all Christian .Kings, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, all and singular other commodities, jurisdic Princes and States, that if any person, which to take, ship, transport, and carry away, out tions, royalties, privileges, franchises, pre shall hereafter be of . the. said company or of any of our realms and dominions, for· and eminences and hereditaments whatsoever, 4896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE March 2'5 within· the said tract, bounds, lands and.is once vast 'co}oplaf empires Qf ~ngl_an_d charter was issued,· and . KiUg Charles lands aforesaid, to them or any of them be .and_ France, and the smaller oversea ·granted ·it to his son Cecil on June 20, longing, or ln any-wise appertaining.) To possessions of Holland and the United 1632. have and to hold the same, -unto the said go':- ·States, 47 new nations whose people are '" : It took so:rile time· to· assemble the . ernor ~nd company, and their successors for ' ever,·upon trust, !or the use and benefit of learning to live and develop alongside colonists ·and ·supplies for the trip t(r the themselves, and their asoclates, freemen of their own institutions, under their own New World and ·it wa.S not until Novem · the said colony, their heirs and assigns. leaders, under their own independe_nt ber 22, 1633, that the expedition sailed · To be· holden of us, our heirs and succes governments. for America. The two vessels chartered sors as of the manor of East-Greenwich, in Today I want us to remember a nation by the colonists-the Dove, weighing 50 - our county of Kent, in free and common soc- that was not so fortunate, a nation whose tons, and the Ark, 350 tons-carried cage. and not in capite, nor by Knight's short-lived independence was one of the Leonard Calvert and about 200 others · service. Yielding and paying therefore to first submerged into the monolithic wave of various trades, professions, and re · us, our heirs and successors, only th~ fifth - part of all the ore 6! gold and silver, which of what has become the world's leading ligious beliefs. On March 25, they landed from time to time, and at all times hereafter, colonialist power, Soviet Russia. March on St. Clement's Island in the Potomac · shall be there gotten, had or obtained, in lieu 25 is the 45th anniversary of the found River and held a religious service. A and satis!action of all services, duties, fines, ing of the Byelorussian Republic, a Re few days later, they sailed up the St. forfeitures made or to· be made, claims and public that lived for 3 short years be Marys River arid ·founded the town of demands whatsoever, to be to us, our heirs or tween 1918 and 1921, after 300 years St. .Mary~?, which became the capital of successors, therefore or thereout rendered, under the subjection of czarist Russia. the colony. The colony was founded in · made or paid; any grant or clause, in a late The people of Byelorussia are known as grant to the governor and company of Con the spirit of tolerance and religious necticut colony in America, to the contrary White Russians-a name synonymous freedom.- thereof in any wise notwithstanding; t~e With heroic resistance against oppres There are many other outstanding aforesaid Pawcatuck river having been sion. Their leaders declared their peo events in Maryland's history. In 1783 yielded after much debate, for the fixed an:_d ple's independence during the height of AnnaJ?Olis, Md., became the temporary certain bounds between these our said colo Russo-German fighting toward the end capital of this Nation and in 1791 Mary nies, by the agents thereof, who have also of the First World War, when the czarist land ceded. to the United States land for - agreed, that the ~id Pawcatuck river .shall empire was falling into pieces and when the District of Columbia and loeation be also called alias Na~rogancett or Narrq at last it appeared the Russian autocracy of the Nation's Capital. Our· National gansett river, and to prevent ~uture disputes that otherwise might arise thereby, for ever was to be destroyed. During Byelorus anthem was written at Fort McHenry hereafter, shall be construed, deemed and sia's brief independence there was a in September 1814. The fi1·st railroad taken to be the Narrogancett river, in our constant struggle to survive; it was ab in America and the first telegraph line late grant to Connecticut colony, mentioned sorbed back into Russia as soon as the in America were · establishe
to .-Save the Jewish community of C~mel Major E;lodnycky ordered his s~ldiers to throJ.Igh the city.of Homestead, marking ride, fully armed, throug~ the streets. After nyk in the Ukraine during the years · the ·villagers had a chance to see the strength bicycle routes to schools, parkl:i, and the 1919-20. . of 'the troops, they were · assembled in the downtown section. What follows 1s an excerpt_tr.om an main square in front of the· city hall. The High point of the bicycle s_afety cam article, "Soldier of Peace," which ap ma:jor addressed them. paign was the dedication ceremony at peared in the ADL bulletin published by "Dear brothers," he said, ucertainly every which Homestead Mayor Richard Con the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai one of you bullt his own house. When you ley, Dr. and Mrs. White arrived, all B'rith. began laying the foundation, you crossed pedaling bikes. Addressing a group of yourself three times, recited the 'Our Father,' The article was written by Dr. Joseph sprinkled your work with holy water, and in more than 200, predominantly adults in H. Lichten, director of ADL's department a whisper to heaven asked our Lord to help their middle ·or. past middle years, Dr. of intercultural affairs: you bulld. · · White commented: SOLDIER OF PEACE "My men and I have been summoned by Homestead is "Betting an example for the More than 40 years ago, a time when east the Ukraine Government to help you bulld whole Nation. It's providing the spirit and' ern Europe was plagued by anti-Semitic po your homes, and your state. We are bulld Impetus that can make other cities sit up groms, a rabbl ln the small Ukrainian town ing a nation, my brothers. How can you and take notice-and then follow the lead of Chmelnyk wrote an unusual letter and think of sprinkling the foundation of our of this town's bicycle club and the. interested gave it to an army oftlcer. The letter, ad nation with blood? There must be law and and dedicated people who liave . worked to dressed to the rabbis of all Jewish com order in our nation. To take the law into get theSe safe-for-cycllng routes and to fur munities, identified its bearer, Maj. Vladimir your own hands to settle real or Imagined ther cycling for exercise and enjoyment. grievances is sinful." Stepanovich Klodnycky, as a man who had So th1s "distinguished himself for his great spirit, The peasants put away their weapons and successful were the efforts of love of truth, and love for the Jewish peo began to return home. In a half hour, the little band of Florida amateurs that they ple." It also appealed to the rabbis to recog streets 1>f Chmelnyk were empty. Major have engaged national attention through nize and aid the major in all things he Klodnycky had stopped a pogrom before i.t nationwide press stories, radio and TV sought to do. - . was started. coverage, including mention on network This month in New Jersey, a diff'erent type TV shows, and stories in Time and Life of· Jewish community honored the Chmel - PRESIDENT'S PHYSICAL FITNESS magazines. nyk rabbi's appeal; Through the Anti-Def PROGRAM Mr. Speaker, I should like to acquaint amation League's Ne\11' Jersey regional ad my colleagues with the full. report and visory board, tribute was paid to the former Mr. GILL. M;r. Speaker, I ask unani major who is now Reverend Klodnycky, a mous consent that the gentleman from editorial comment on this event in the '70-yea.r-old Orthodox priest who was or Florida [Mr. FASCELL] may extend h1s News Leader, Homestead, Fla., on Feb dained 30 years ago in the United States remarks at this point in the RECORD and ruary 26, 1963: and, for the past 23 years, has been pastor include extraneous matter. UNITED STATES NOTES HOMESTEAD BIKING- of the Holy Ascension Church in' Newark. PEDALCADE HIGHLIGHTS BIKE RoUTE OPENING The League citati6n to Reverend Klod The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman Homestead, bicycles and hearts made na :nycky begins: ''In recognition of his hU.m.an tional news Sunday with the visit of Dr. itarian efforts·to save the Jewish conuhunity from Hawaii? Paul Dudley White to South Dade to take of Chmelnyk in the Ukraine during the years There was no objection. part in ·the dedication of Homestead's bike 1919-20 • • • ." The story of the major Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, we have routes-a first in the Nation. turned priest is one of the brightest memo heard a lot recently about our President's It was Dr. and Mrs. PaUl Dudley White Day, ries of a dark and troubled era. physical fitness program. ~ The Nation proclaimed by Mayor Richard Conley to co In August· 1919, M'afor Klodnycky's unit Incide with the dedication and with National of the Ukrainian Gallcian Army was sent ·has been swept by an enthusiastic liiking movement. . Heart Sunday, in which the noted cardiac to Chmelnyk in the center of an industrial specialist is especially interested. area. There were two problems ln Chmel I am glad, Mr. Speaker, to be the pur Kicking off the day's events was the cutting nyk-plunderers and plllagers had ·a special veyor of additional good news on phys of blue and white ribbons stretched across Interest in the rich territory and unrest had ical fitness from the Fourth District in North West Fourth Street at Krome Avenue spread throughout the whole r~gion. In Florida. It concerns the sponsors and one of the bicycle routes mapped out by adi:Ution, the relationship between the Jew ·members of the Homestead, Fla., Bicycle tramc experts and marked with new blue ish population of 15,000 and the peasantry -club. This small group of interested and white signs. was an uneasy one. When Major Klod Some 500 people turned out to see the cere ·nycky1s unit entered the town, antagonism people, who are enthusiastic about t:tie joys and therapeutic effects of the sport mony and hear Dr. White. Alinost half of between Christian and Jew had reached the them joined' in a bicycle tour of the town, point of crisis-a crisis set off, oddly enough, of bicycling, had an idea and stanchly led by the famous doctor after the ribbon by love. went· to work to put it into operation. cuttln:g. · The only daughter of a Jewish merchant And so these dozen people of Home ' Homestead is the ftrst city in the Nation to living in a small village outside of Chmelnyk stead, Fla., without a budget and at very be omcially proclaimed ""The City of Blcy had eloped with a Christian peasant and low cost, propelled the bicycle and the cles"-a fact that drew Ttme and Life maga converted to Christianity. The Jewish par urgent need for a bicycle safety C?ant zine photographer-reporters, newsreel camer ents, unhappy about the marriage and con amen from an three Miami television version, severed relations with their daugh paign into national prominence. In stations, representatives from a number of ter. Or, at least, the girl's father did. Her order to accomplish their goals newspapers in the area, and cycle-minded mother secretly met the girl and her hus demonstration of the healthful effects visitors from as far away as Missouri. band and invited them to the parents' of bicycling, and the promulgation of After more than an hour of· pedaling home-when the father was away. One safety measures-this. little band of .night the. young couple left the house with around Homestead and the Immediate area, -gifts-two cows, featherbeds, money, and amateurs approached Dr. Paul Dudley cyclists wound up at the city's ball park jewelry. When the girl's father returned and White, the eminent heart specialist who and picnic grounds for a chicken barbecue, found out what .had happened, he vowed to attained fame as President Eisenhower's where caterers served more than 200. destroy his son-in-law's house. The father physician. He 1s a cycling enthusiast. •Another group of more than 200, predom set fire to the straw-thatched house; the Apparently, Mr. Speaker, he is a very inantly adults in their middle or past-middle wind carried sparks to other houses, and ·astute man in other areas than his own years, turned out Sunday evening at the soon the entire vlllage was burned to the specialty. He is a frequent vacationer Homestead· Armory to hear the famous car ground. The disaster took place on the eve diac physician tell how to prevent. heart at of Major Klodnycky's arrival. in Homestead and has made public his tacks through proper diet, sensible living, The Jews feared a pogrom. They knew appreciation of Homestead as, in his and such regular' exercise as walking and the inhabitants of the burned village and words, "a homely and peaceful com bicycle riding. neighboring villages were waiting for an ex munity without commercialized tourist The famed heart specialist arrived at dedi cuse for vengeance. "The Jews burned down exploitation." Dr. White is one' of ~he cation ceremonies pedaling beside his wife the village of Chmelnyk" would be the cry. Nation's leading exponents of biking for and Homestead Mayor Conley, and stopped Despite their fears, the Jews appeared in physical fitness. He prescribes proper to pose for pictures before mounting the town for ·their market day:. On that day, diet, sensible living, and such regular speaker's platform. ' too, an unusually large number of farmers "Homestead is setting an example for the and peasants appeared on the streets of tl:!e -exercise as walking and bicycle riding whole Nation," Dr. White said. "It's provid town, carrying .rl1les, revolv.ers, imd, as w~ as preventives of heart attacks. · ing the spirit and Impetus that can make later discovered, machineguns concealed In Next, the Homestead bicycle enthu other cities sit up and' take notice--and their wagons·. At the inn, near the center of siasts begged, borrowed, and earned sum then follow the lead of this town's bicycle town, was ·a small army unit and patrol. cient money to erect. bicycle signs club and the interested and dedicated people CIX--309 4898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 who have worked to -get these safe-for-bi Other efforts of a similar nature should be ·Mr. ROUDEBUSH. cycling. routes and to fUrther cycling for invited and promoted by other areas in exercise and enjoyment.'' South Dade, an area which is neglected by Mr. GLENN. The doctor, one of the Nation's leading ex the leaders of our county, who know little Mr. ALGER. ponents of biking for physical fitness. ftrst about our area, and .who concentrate their Mr. O'HARA of Dlinois. visited Homestead last year, when the city effort to other areas, with South Dade paying Mr. DADDARIO. of bicycles movement was only beginning. part of the bill. Mr. MULTER. Since then, he has talked of the town and So it is up to the initiative and effort of
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Byelorussian Democratic Independence termination of Byelorussians all over the democratic body was attacked and scat world. I am certain that the independ tered by the armed power of Soviet EXTENSION OF REMARKS ence they once enjoyed, will be regained Russia. OP and that freedom will flourish. Unconquered, despite this tragic de Byelorussia was once an independent feat, the Council of the Byelorussian HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN country and made important contribu Democratic Republic proclaimed inde OF NEW JERSEY tions to the medieval history of Eastern pendence by passing the Third Constitu IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Europe. In 1795, this freedom was tional Act on March 25, 1918. But Soviet crushed when Byelorussia was made a Russia attacked and defeated the young Monday, March 25, 1963 part of the Russian Empire by force. democratic state, consisting of 10 million Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, March 25, Since then, Byelorussians have fought persons. 1963, marks the 45th anniversary of the to regain their independence, without Demonstrating their indomitable cour proclamation of independence of the success. Major attempts were made in age and love for freedom, the people of Byelorussian Democratic Republic. 1812 and 1863; and in 1917, after creat Byelorussia rebelled and fought in the I proudly join my colleagues in paying ing a congress with the goal of estab Slutsk District in 1920, but were defeated tribute to the inspiring courage and de- iishing an independent Byelorussia, the by the Soviet armies, and again during