DlSTR.,ICT CENSUS Hlj.~}.N D BOO r: UTTAR PRAD.ESH 20-KANPUR DISTRICT '" I I I I ALL A H \. B \. 1..' Sr'P'ElU!lfTENOENT, PRINTING AND ST,\.TlONF.RY UTl"iI.R PRAO":"H. 1N01<'1. 1 <J !j 5 · j f -'------,---.---------~./ --------' -··'......... -- .... .,~~ ...~'f~~"""'-'lM'DI'J.IJ!6CDI4WUU_ ....:O.....,;;_~_ ~~rs."'%'''''_ __ DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 KANPUR DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they w~re published in U. P. under the title UDistrict Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elabo,rate than ever in view of the require .. ments of the country, the district"wise volume has been expanded into a CCDistrict Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break .. up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non .. agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 190V02 to 195° .... 51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the dIvision of the population among eight livelihood classes and· other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of district .... wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled '~District Population Statistics" h as already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is-fourteen. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of 1955. R AJESHW ARI PRASAD, I.A.S .• ~M4PUR: Superintendent, Census Operations, March 31, 1955 .. Uttar Pradesh. CONTENTS Pages "INTRODUCTION - A-The District i-ii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-:xi C-Explanatory Note on the Statistics xi-xiii PART I-DISTRIOT CENSUS TABLES -A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area. Houses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Olassified by Population 4--.5 A·IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6 A-V Towns ~U'ranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 7 E Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Olasses 8-9 E-EcoN'O)UC TABLES- B·I I.ivelihood Classes and Sub-classes ;.. ' 10-13 B-II Secondary Means of Livelihood 14-25 VB-III Employers, Employees and Independent Workers ill Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions 26-56 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes .57-58 Index of Non'agricultural Occupations .59-63 (J-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (S~MPLE) TABLES- C-I Household (aiz-e and composition) 64-65 C-II Live1ihood Classes by Age-groups 66-73 C-III Age and Civil Condition 74-77 C-IV Age and Literacy '.. 78-81 C·V Single Year Age Returns. 82-89 D-SOCIALo AND CULTURAL TABLES- ---D·I Languages (i) Mother Tongue 90-91 (ii) Bilingualism 92-93 D·II Religion 94-9.5 D-IH Scheduled Castes 94-95 D-IV Migrants 96-99 D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arriva~ in India 100-101 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 100-101 D-VI Non-Indian Nationals 100-101 J)·VII Livefiho,:d Classes by Educational Standards 102-109 PABT II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS Pr,imary Census Abstract 112-177 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 178-179 PAN.T III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS Vital Statistics 182-185 Agrirultural Statistics- (i) Rainfall 186-287 "Cii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation 188-191 (iii) Cropped Area 192-207 tiv) Irrigated Area 208-211 .:3 Live-Stock, Agricultural :M;achinery and ImpJ,ements 212-215 4 List of Primary Schools 216-220 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Kanpur is situated in the lower section of the Ganga and Yamuna doab. On its south-east is the district of Fatehpur. To the north~east beyond the Ganga, of which the deep stream forms the boCUndary, lie the districts of Hardoi and Unnao while to the south across the Yamuna are Hamirpur and Jalaun. On- the west and no'rth-west the boundary marches with Etawah and Farrukhabad. The total area of the district is 2,372 square miles and its population in 1951 was 19'4 lakhs. It has 6 tehsils, 6 parganas and 29 thanas. 2. In its general aspect the district resembles the rest of the doab, constituting an Topography alluvial plain which slopes gently from north-west to south-east, the gradient following the line of 'the principal rivers. The interior surface is rendered slightly undulating by reason of t}:_le numerous minor watersheds that separate the subsidiary drainage lines, and which have the same general trend towards the south-east. The rivers divide the district into a series of more or less parallel doabs, each .possessing distinguishing characteristics of its own. In the north there is the narrow strip of fairly level tract between th~ Ganga and the Isan with a light but not unfertile loam soil. Next comes the long and narrow strip between the Isan and the Ganga on the east and the Pandu on the west extending for the whole length of the district. In the north it is a level expanse of good loam, ;:>andy towards the Isan, but stiffening into clay, interspersed with numerous patches -of usar, in the swampy depression that forms the sources of the Non. On either side of this Ganga-Pandu tract the transition from the hard and gritty soil of the Ganga cliff on the one hand to the undulating banks of the Pandu on the other is very gradual. The next tract, between the Pandu and tI.e Rind, similarly stretches throughout the entire district. The fertile loam of the east bank of the Pandu soon gives place to a broad expanse of level country in which the dominant feature is the immense amount of usar, chequered by blocks of cultivation and dotted with shallow jhils. South of the Rind lies a broader strip of country extending as far as the Sengar in the west, but further east reaching to the banks of the Yamuna. This Rind- Sengar dvab is a level tract of loam in the western portion comprising of bulk of Derapur tehsil and about half of Akbarpur. It is less marred by usar. In places it is covered with dhak jUhgle. In Derapur there is some lack of natural drainage and swamps are fairly common. Towards the Sengar the soil is of pinkish colour. In the centre and south of Akbarpur the rich loam changes in.to a stiff, ill-drained and swampy soil, subject to waterlogging, full of usar and from time to time infested by kans; This extends into the north of Ghatampur and parts of Bhognipur to the east of Sengar. To the east of the Non there are stretches of usar anti occasional sandy ridges. Another tract in the district comprises the country between the Sengar and the Yamuna. For the most part it is a level upland with a loan soil that merges gradually into the riverain belts on either side. There is a marked absence of depreSSion. The soil deteriorates ·towards the Yamuna. The whole tract suffers from defective natural means of irriga- tion by reason of the great depth of water level, although canals have improved the agricultural conditions of the country. 3. The diversity of soils in the district ;is due mainly to the influence of the Soils rivers. Along the district's south-western edge touching the course of the Ymnuna are to be found some of the Bundelkhand soils, parwa, rakar, bhurwa, and kabar. But elsewhere the soil is of the average doab district, Le., an ordinary gray, pinky or yellow loam in which the proportions of clay and sand vary according to the drainage influences. In the neighbourhood of rivers sand predominates whereas in depressions clay gains the upperhand. 4. The figures of the classification of area during the last fifty years are given in Ciass4ficatioD of,area Table 2 of Part III of thts volutne. The proportion of area under the val:ious categories works out as follows for 1950-51 : - Aetnal figures Particulars (in acres) Percenta.ge Cultivated area .. 971,311 64'0 CuHurabJe waste (excluding current fal~ow) •• 1 ]71,346 11'3 Current fallow 37,750 2'5 Forest .. 432 (1·0 Area not available for cultivation of which- 316,400 22'2 (a) Covered with water 43,450 Z'9 (b) Under sites, roads ani! buildings 57,483 3'8 (0) Barren .. 235,46'1 15·5 ii The figure in the above table regarding culturable wast ~ taken from the Season and Crop Report is, however, misleading. The State Agricult ure Department conducted in 1949-50 a detailed enquiry through the District Officers regarding the nature of this area in each district. The following analysis of the area res ulted from this enquiry: Particulars Area Percen- (in acres) tage Total eultnrable was.te (A+B+C) 179,774 100 A-Area under culturable waste land not avail,able fOr immediate cultivation 87,657 48'76 (i) Forest under any legal enactment 30 0'02 {ii) Groves 43,072 23'96 (iii) Forests of timber trees 2,872 1'60 (iv) Thatching grasses, shrubs and bushes 35,437 19 '71 (v) Land kept for grazing 6,246 3'47 B-Area under culturable waste land available for ~mmediate CUltivation but could not be CUltivated •.