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446 Rajend Mesthrie, Ed. the Book Under Review Is a Dialect
446 book reviews Rajend Mesthrie, ed. A Dictionary of South African Indian English. Cape Town: uct Press, 2010, xxviii and 260 pp. ISBN 978-1-91989-536-9. The book under review is a dialect dictionary that records the words of a vari- ety of English which developed out of language contact and second language acquisition during language shift amongst the Indian population in South Africa. It is not an inclusive dictionary because its focus is on the word stock that is specific to this part of the population in South Africa and thus excludes the items that are shared with the rest of the local population, as well as bor- rowings from Indian languages that have become part of global mainstream English (e.g. bungalow, shampoo or bangle). The dictionary is of interest to a broad range of scholars and language users: sociolinguists studying the devel- opment of new Englishes and those specifically interested in varieties of English in the diverse Indian Diaspora; lexicographers with a particular inter- est in borrowing; speakers of South African English who come across words specific to this ethnic variety in daily life; or even literary scholars interested in works written by South African Indian authors. It is possible to contextualize the dictionary within the lexicographic work done on contact varieties of English more generally, and within the develop- ment of these varieties more specifically. According to Schneider (2007: 52) dictionaries play an important role in the evolution of New Englishes because they promote endonormative stabilization. In a similar vein, Algeo (1992: 210) distinguishes three stages in the lexicographical history of nations such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa: at stage one, only slang or dialect usages of the new variety are taken note of; at the second stage, British dictionaries start recording the new words from the (former) colonies; and finally, lexicographers compile dictionaries that take the usage in the new nation as the norm. -
(Re) Constructing Identities: South African Domestic Workers, English Language Learning, and Power a Dissertation SUBMITTED TO
(Re) Constructing Identities: South African Domestic Workers, English Language Learning, and Power A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Anna Kaiper IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dr. Joan DeJaeghere, Advisor May 2018 © Anna Kaiper 2018 i Acknowledgements To the women in my study: • It is because of you that this dissertation is in existence. Thank you and your families for everything you have given me and taught me. By sharing the stories of your lives, you have changed my own. To the most important people in my life: • My Mommy PP, who has provided me with the most incredible love, support, wisdom, and inspiration throughout my life. I love you forever times 2 ½ + 1. Love, Anna PB • My Daddy Bruce- although your life has been anything but easy, your incredible creativity, intelligence, and passion for life keeps me inspired every day. I love you Dad. • My love, Ian- having you as a partner makes me feel loved and thankful every single day. I couldn’t have finished this without you (and our sweet family: Thandi, Annie, and Snoopy). I love you Nini, forever. • My Best Fwend, Steph, whose incredible friendship and sisterhood has sustained me for decades and ALWAYS makes me happy. Your love for human beings motivates me daily. • Ray Ray- Your continual ability to care and love while you fight for what is right and just makes me feel proud to call you one of my best and longest friends! (and love to Errol and sweet Hazel too) To my incredible mentors: • My advisor, Dr. -
A Linguistic and Anthropological Approach to Isingqumo, South Africa’S Gay Black Language
“WHERE THERE’S GAYS, THERE’S ISINGQUMO”: A LINGUISTIC AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ISINGQUMO, SOUTH AFRICA’S GAY BLACK LANGUAGE Word count: 25 081 Jan Raeymaekers Student number: 01607927 Supervisor(s): Prof. Dr. Maud Devos, Prof. Dr. Hugo DeBlock A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in African Studies Academic year: 2019 - 2020 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Lavender Languages...................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1. What are Lavender Languages? ....................................................................... 8 2.1.2. How Are Languages Categorized? ................................................................ 12 2.1.3. Documenting Undocumented Languages ................................................. 17 2.2. Case Study: IsiNgqumo .............................................................................................. 18 2.2.1. Homosexuality in the African Community ................................................ 18 2.2.2. Homosexuality in the IsiNgqumo Community -
The Status of Fanagalo in South Africa Today
Against all odds: The status of Fanagalo in South Africa today N. E. RAVYSE DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH AT THE VAAL TRIANGLE CAMPUS OF THE NORTH-WEST UNIVERSITY. SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR A. S. COETZEE-VAN ROOY NOVEMBER 2013 Summary Sub-cultural languages in South Africa – languages which do not enjoy official status amongst other qualities – have not received much attention academically. Existing theories of maintenance and shift accommodate mainstream languages in their role and function within dominant society. However the sub-cultural languages, in which Fanagalo will later be categorised, and their role and function in society are unclear. This may be the result of the inefficiency of current theories of maintenance and shift to explain the functionality of sub-cultural languages and the process they undergo leading to either maintenance or shift. Furthermore, failure to recognise the role and function of such sub-cultural languages may be attributed to their non-official status as they are not officially supported by language policies. The purpose of this study is therefore to understand the process of maintenance or shift a sub-cultural language undergoes. This process is accommodated by developing a theoretical model related to maintenance or shift for sub-cultural languages. This model, specifically based on Fanagalo, will expand on the boundaries set in existing theoretical models of maintenance and shift in order to accommodate sub-cultural language. It is important to stress that the period during which the data was collected on site at Mine X in Rustenburg, is volatile in nature. -
Czy Potrzebna Jest Lawendowa Lingwistyka?
Title: Czy potrzebna jest lawendowa lingwistyka? Author: Małgorzata Kita Citation style: Kita Małgorzata. (2018). Czy potrzebna jest lawendowa lingwistyka? W: M. Maciołek (red.), „Współczesne aspekty badań nad językiem polskim : teoria i praktyka”. (S. 61-72). Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. MAŁGORZATA KITA Uniwersytet Śląski ŚWIATOWY KONGRES POLONISTÓW ŚWIATOWY Katowice, Polska CZY POTRZEBNA JEST LAWENDOWA LINGWISTYKA? awendowa lingwistyka to fraza, która stanowi językową etykietę dla nazwania językoznawczego pola badawczego, jakie stanowią styl, język Loraz zachowania językowe i komunikacyjne osób nazywanych za po- mocą skrótu LGBT – z ang. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender1, a w wersji rozszerzonej: LGBTQ – czyli jeszcze Queer (oznaczającego ogół osób niehe- teroseksualnych) albo Questioning (odnoszącego się do osób niepewnych swojej orientacji seksualnej lub poszukujących). Dodać się godzi także studia nad nominacją i konceptualizacją osób LGBTQ w różnych sferach dyskur- sowych. Za pomysłodawcę i koordynatora realizowanego od 1993 roku projektu Lavender Languages & Linguistics Conference2 uważa się Williama Leapa z Ame- rican University w Washington, DC (http://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/ wlm.cfm [dostęp: 16.06.2016])3. Założenia tego projektu są tak sformułowane: 1 Termin powstał w latach 60. XX w. w USA. Do powszechnego użycia wszedł w latach 90. ubiegłego wieku. 2 Zob. http://www.american.edu/cas/anthropology/lavender-languages [dostęp: 16.06.2016]. Tu znajduje się też bogata bibliografia in progress języka LGBT, zob. http://faculty.wcas.north western.edu/~ward/newbib.html [dostęp: 16.06.2016]. 3 Por. „Early studies in the field of lavender linguistics were dominated by the concept of distinct lavender lexicons such as that recorded by Gershon Legman in 1941. In 1995 William 62 CZĘŚĆ I. -
Utilise Oar Des Voyageurs, Des Commnervants, Des Soldats Ou Des
CONTACT LANGUAGES IN AFRICA'1 Bonnie B. Keller Graduate Student, Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Culture contact has been a toric of snecial interest to anthropologists. A contact situation lends itself to numerous kinds of study: personality con- flict, culture change, diffusion, >reakdown and retention of cultural patterns. Another phenomenon occurring in contact situations, and one which would seem to appear in all the above ½henomena to some extent, is linguistic change; unfor- tunately, this aspect of culture contact has not been emphasized, and there is not a great amount of research material available on it. When individuals of different cultures, and often Possessing different languages, come into contact, there are four possibilities for intercourse be- tween them, according to John Reinecke, one of the authorities in the field of linguistic contact and change (1938:107';. They may attempt no speech at all, and carry on a purely gesturing or signalling tyne of communication, such as dumb barter. They may use a lingua franca, that is, a third language which both know. (The term is derived from the original contact language, Lingua Franca, a language used by the French crusaders in dealing with the Levantines.) A lingua franca is essentially "any language used as a means of communication among peo- ple of different linguistic backgrounds" (Hall, 1955:25). One group may learn the language of the other, a phenomenon known as bilingualism. Finally, if neither group is in a position to become bilingual or to learn a lingua franca, both may resort to the use of a reduced fonr"of one of the two languages. -
African Same-Sexualities and Indigenous Knowledge: Creating a Space for Dialogue Within Patriarchy
Verbum et Ecclesia ISSN: (Online) 2074-7705, (Print) 1609-9982 Page 1 of 6 Original Research African same-sexualities and indigenous knowledge: Creating a space for dialogue within patriarchy Author: Current debates on homosexuality claim to give voice to the voiceless but only target the youth Lindiwe P. Mkasi1 whose concern for freedom and rights differ markedly from older, more traditional concerns. Affiliation: Recent debates on same-sexualities are framed in a modern discourse and leave no room for 1Department Religious traditional epistemologies. This article argues that knowledge of same-sexualities in African Studies and Arabic, University communities requires a far more complex narrative that is inclusive of indigenous knowledge of South Africa, South Africa and culture and of the older generations that uphold them. South Africa has gone through Corresponding author: many changes and there is a need for new knowledge to face new challenges that come with Lindiwe Mkasi, democracy. The assumption here is that some issues need attention in contemporary societies [email protected] which have never been properly investigated. One such issue is African same-sexualities. Dates: Although there is a need to interrogate the issue of freedom of speech from Western theoretical Received: 30 Jan. 2016 impositions, same-sexuality research needs to be contextualised and analysed through the Accepted: 11 May 2016 eyes of indigenous societies. This could be achieved by creating space for debates between Published: 08 July 2016 traditional and modern communities. How to cite this article: Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article addresses African Mkasi, L.P., 2016, ‘African indigenous same-sexualities using indigenous ways of knowing to unpack the practice. -
Title: Coming out W Polskiej Przestrzeni Dyskursywnej Author
Title: Coming out w polskiej przestrzeni dyskursywnej Author: Małgorzata Kita Citation style: Kita Małgorzata. (2016). Coming out w polskiej przestrzeni dyskursywnej. Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Coming out w polskiej przestrzeni dyskursywnej NR 3500 Małgorzata Kita Coming out w polskiej przestrzeni dyskursywnej Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego • Katowice 2016 Redaktor serii: Kultura i Język Polski dla Cudzoziemców Romuald Cudak Recenzent Bogusław Skowronek Spis treści Od autorki 7 Metamorfozy coming outu: wydarzenie społeczne, gatunek mowy, gatunek literacki 9 Kobiece wychodzenie z szafy 61 Dyskursowe konteksty coming outu 85 Coming out polskiej literatury LGBT 113 Wyjść z szafy, by wejść do darkroomu 135 Nota bibliograficzna 167 Bibliografia 169 Indeks nazwisk 187 Summary 195 Résumé 197 Od autorki Kształtujący się od lat 60. XX wieku, a w Polsce od przełomu wie- ków XX i XXI dyskurs LGBT – emancypacyjny, tożsamościowy, te- oretyczny, artystyczny – powinien skłaniać badaczy do jego naukowej eksploracji. I rzeczywiście, stanowi pole zainteresowania wielu dzie- dzin naukowych. Traktują o nim filozofowie różnych paradygmatów, psychologowie i socjologowie, przyciąga uwagę antropologów, kul- turoznawców, filmoznawców, literaturoznawców. Nie jest nieobecny w refleksji i badaniach lingwistycznych. W Polsce najwięcej dotychczas uwagi poświęcono problematyce nominacji osób LGBT, która jest bardzo wrażliwym obszarem uję- zykowienia postrzegania i kategoryzowania osób o tożsamości psy- choseksualnej innej niż powszechnie przyjęta -
Shifting Norms of Linguistic and Cultural Respect: Hybrid Sociolinguistic Zulu Identities* STEPHANIE INGE RUDWICK University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Nordic Journal of African Studies 17(2): 152–174 (2008) Shifting Norms of Linguistic and Cultural Respect: Hybrid Sociolinguistic Zulu Identities* STEPHANIE INGE RUDWICK University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ABSTRACT Most traditional African societies, due to strict patriarchy and seniority principles inherent in their cultural systems, prescribe great significance to respectful behaviour towards males and elders. Hlonipha, the cultural and linguistic system of respect which exists in most Southern Bantu-speaking African societies must be understood as a complex web of sociological and linguistic actions which prescribe deferential behaviour (Raum, 1973). This paper explores whether and to what extent linguistic and social norms of hlonipha are uniform and consistent within the members of a particular ethno-linguistic or social group in contemporary South Africa, i.e. isiZulu-speakers in urban KwaZulu-Natal. In order to find answers to this multifaceted research question, I draw from interdisciplinary empirical findings based on a large research project which investigates the role, function and status of hlonipha. Among other things, it is argued that there is a clear correlation between the construction of hybrid cultural and ethno-linguistic identities and an urban upward mobile lifestyle among young isiZulu-speakers. Keywords: Zulu society, hlonipha custom, hybridity, identities. 1. INTRODUCTION Lack of respect, though less aggressive than an outright insult, can take an equally wounding form. No insult is offered another person, but neither is recognition extended; he or she is not seen – as a full being whose presence matters (Sennett 2003: 3). One of the most prolific social thinkers of our time, Richard Sennett, wonders why respect should be in short supply while it costs nothing and provides people with a sense of dignity and pride. -
Fanakalo As a Trade Language in Kwazulu-Natal
FANAKALO AS A TRADE LANGUAGE IN KWAZULU-NATAL by Heidi Newby -Rose Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MPhil in Intercultural Communication at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Dr. Kate Huddlestone Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of General Linguistics December 2011 i Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Heidi Newby-Rose November 2011 Copyright © 2011 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT This study investigates the use of the pidgin Fanakalo as a trade language in rural KwaZulu-Natal: its birth under certain historical circumstances; its spread; its apparent growth, post-1990, as new immigrants continue to enter the country and acquire and use Fanakalo out of expediency; and the reasons why Fanakalo continues to thrive in certain contexts. It focuses specifically on similarities between the relations between Gujarati traders and their customers in the 19th century and the relations that exist between Gujarati and Pakistani traders and their Zulu- speaking customers today. Data was collected primarily through semi-structured interviews with nine Gujarati traders – two born in South Africa and the others recent immigrants – five Pakistani traders and ten Zulu speakers, of which two were employees of traders while the others were customers. -
Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages an Introduction
Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages An Introduction Viveka Velupillai Legend 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3 (pp. 297, 298) Sample of pidgin languages for consonant and vowel inventories, based on Bakker (2009), sorted alphabetically. Those languages that do not appear in Bakker (2009) have been marked with *. For a discussion on how to determine segmental inventories of pidgin languages, see Bakker (2009). Pidgin language N consonants N vowels Main lexifier N consonants N vowels Source Broome Lugger’s Pidgin 18 5 Malay 19 6 (Bakker 2009: 18), (Prentice 1990: 917) Japanese 19 5 Chinese Pidgin English 17 11 English 24 13 (Matthews & Li 2013: 207) Chinese Pidgin Russian 18 7 Mandarin 25 7 (Perekhvalskaya 2013: 70f) Russian 34 5 Chinuk Wawa 22 6 Chinook (Grant 2013: 151f), (Bakker 2009: 12) Eskimo Pidgin 14 5 Eskimo languages (van der Voort 2013: 167f) Fanakalo 21 5 Nguni 39 7 (Mesthrie & Surek-Clark 2013: 35f) Lingua Franca 17 5 Romance languages Section 5.3.1 in book Mobilian Jargon 15 3 Choctaw 15 3 (Bakker 2009: 11) New Caledonia Pidgin French 16 7 French 21 12 (Bakker 2009): 16 Pidgin A70 17 5 Bantu languages (Bakker 2009): 14 Pidgin Delaware 13 6 Unami 13 6 (Goddard 1997: 45) Pidgin Fijian 14 6 Fijian 17 6 (Siegel 1982: 25ff) Pidgin Hawaiian 8 5 Hawaiian 8 5 (Roberts 2013: 121), UPSID Pidgin Hindustani 19 5 Fiji Hindi (Siegel 2013: 115) Pidgin Madame 18 3 Lebanese Arabic 25 3 (Bizri 2010: 113ff) Pidgin Ngarluma 15 5 Ngarluma 18 3 (Bakker 2009: 19) Pidgin Swahili 21 5 Swahili 26 6 (Vitale 1980: 53ff) Russenorsk 17 6 Russian 34 5 (Broch & Jahr 1984: -
Liberalism and Communitarianism in South Africa Today
Liberalism and Communitarianism in South Africa Today Philosophically, modern communitarianism is a critical reaction to the Rawlsian original position, as the standpoint from which judgements of justice can be made. In Rawls’s view, the individual in the original position is removed from all the contingencies of a concrete social position, and so from all partiality. Communitarians, by contrast, hold that moral and political judgements are determined in determinate contexts by situated selves in all the fullness of their existence. Justice, in this view, is practical support of ends shared by the community. Charles Simkins But what if community values come into conflict? Such was the situation in 1840s is Head of the School of Commerce, Philosophy India, when protest was made to General Napier against the abolition of sati. Napier and Applied Ethics at replied: St Augustine College, “Very well. This burning of widows is your custom. Prepare the funeral pyre, but the Catholic university in my nation also has a custom. When men burn women alive, we hang them. My Johannesburg. He was carpenters shall therefore erect gibbets on which to hang all concerned when Helen Suzman Professor the widow is consumed.” of Political Economy at the University of the From a communitarian point of view, this conflict was resolved simply by force. Witwatersrand 1991-2008. From a universal human rights point of view, force was justified as a necessary means to protect the right to life. Intertwining communitarianism and liberalism was a feature of ‘indirect rule’ in British imperialism. For instance, legal disputes where all the parties belonged to a subject people were governed by customary law (a communitarian rule), except where this law was repugnant to morals (a universal reference).