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CIVIL WAR TRAILS How to Use this Map-Guide This guide showcases a collection of sites that portray the Civil War story in and the surrounding Bay region. Central to this collection, is the one-and-a- half mile walking tour along Baltimore’s Inner that depicts the April 1861 riot when Confederate sympathizers attacked the 6th Infantry Regiment as they marched to trains en route to , D.C. Information contained here and along the Trail highlights stories that have been hidden within the landscape for more than 140 years. Follow the bugle trailblazer signs to waysides that chronicle Maryland’s deeply divided loyalties and to many of the Civil War’s lesser-known but important sites. The Trail, including a number of additional sites, can be driven in one, two or three days depending on traveler preference. Destinations like Chestertown, Port Deposit, Bel Air, Ellicott City, Westminster and Frederick offer charming ambiance that can be enjoyed all-year long while Baltimore and Rockville offer a more sophisticated urban environment. Amenities include dining, lodg- ing, shopping, and a variety of attractions that illustrate Maryland’s important role in the Civil War. For more detailed travel informa- tion, stop by any Maryland Welcome Center, local Visitor Center or contact any of the organizations listed in this guide. For additional Civil War Trails information, visit www.civilwartrails.org. For statewide travel information, visit www.visitmaryland.org. Tim Tadder, www.tadderphotography.com Tadder, Tim Enjoying Baltimore’s

Follow these signs to more than 1,000 Civil War sites.

“Attack on the Massachusetts 6th at Baltimore, April 19th, 1861” Drawn by William Bomberger and engraved by George E. Perine. HHHA HOUSE DIVIDED HHH

n 1861, Baltimore found itself in a Baltimore became U.S. Middle Depart- civil war fought on the docks, streets, ment headquarters on March 22, 1862, to waters, and farms of the South’s coordinate regional military activities. After Inorthernmost city, home of the the on September 17, “Star-Spangled Banner.” The flag had during the first Confederate invasion of the helped unite the young nation in 1814, but North, the city received thousands of 47 years later it represented despotism and wounded, transforming parks, warehouses, tyranny to some , while to others churches, and hotels into hospitals. Fort it symbolized “a high and delicate trust” to McHenry became a prisoner-of-war transfer preserve the Union. In February, distrust facility and nearby Locust Point served as a and threats of disunion culminated in the munitions depot, with supplies transported midnight passage of president-elect Abra- to the front from Baltimore and Rail- ham Lincoln through Baltimore to thwart road terminals. Lincoln used the victory at a rumored assassination attempt. On , five days after the Union surrendered , , the tensions in Balti- more exploded in violence. Confeder- ate sympathizers attacked Massachu- setts troops en route to Washington, D.C. along the waterfront. The war’s first casualties fell in Balti- more’s streets, inspiring James E. Randall to write the intensely pro-Southern “Maryland, My Maryland,” which became the state song in 1939. By summer, Union “Attack on the Massachusetts 6th at Baltimore, troops occupied strategic rail and shipping April 19th, 1861” depots to guard communication lines to Washington. Lincoln’s suspension of habeas Antietam to issue the preliminary Emancipa- corpus resulted in the temporary imprison- tion Proclamation, making the war for the ment of the Maryland legislature and Balti- Union a war for freedom as well. more’s government. U.S. troops garrisoned In June 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee Federal Hill and Fort McHenry, aimed their invaded the North a second time, following guns at the city, and ensured Federal con- his stunning victory at Chancellorsville, trol for the remainder of the war. In June . After the Confederates crossed the 1861, an officer wrote, “The loss of Balti- into Maryland, the Union more would have been the loss of Maryland; marched in pursuit from the Washington the loss of Maryland would have been the defenses. Baltimore hastily constructed and loss of the national capital, and perhaps, if strengthened barricades and fortifications. not probably, the loss of the Union cause.” On July 3, the city’s residents heard the guns A HOUSE DIVIDED H RAILROADS H

of Gettysburg, 50 miles northwest, as uring the Civil War, Balti- “distant thunder.” When word of the more was the rail center Union victory arrived, an officer on of Maryland and the Federal Hill wrote, “The good news DNorth’s gateway to the from Gettysburg made all hearts South. Three railroads terminated rejoice; not so much that Baltimore there—the Baltimore and Ohio, the was safe (though, with a Union defeat Northern Central, and the Philadel- the Confederate flag must certainly phia, Wilmington and Baltimore— have waved over it), as that the country and connections to two others was safe, and the whelming tide of just outside the city. Because locomo- invasion was turned.” Soon, vast num- tives were banned from the city’s bers of wounded arrived, and 7,653 streets, passengers either walked prisoners were transported on Balti- or rode in horse-drawn cars between more and Ohio Railroad trains for con- connecting stations. On April 19, 1861, finement in Fort McHenry before a mob attacked U.S. Army soldiers transfer to Point Lookout and Fort marching between the two stations . en route to Washington, D.C. In what By 1864, war-related business became known as the Baltimore dominated Baltimore’s economy. Lin- Riots, the crowd threw bricks, and coln delivered a fund-raising speech at the soldiers opened (or returned) the city’s U.S. Sanitary Fair in April fire. Four soldiers were killed and and spent the night at Mount Vernon 39 wounded, while 12 civilians died Square, a wealthy residential area that and “dozens” more were injured. three years earlier had been a seces- After Federal control was reasserted, sionist hotbed. In July, the third and Baltimore’s railroads became part of last Confederate invasion ended at the the network supplying the U.S. Army outskirts of Washington, D.C., after the for the rest of the war. (although a Con- federate victory) had enabled Federal Civil War-era locomotive reinforcements to strengthen the capi- tal’s garrison. Baltimore, the nation’s second most-fortified city, added more than 40 forts and redoubts during the war. Early in 1865, they were stripped of men for the final campaigns in Vir- ginia. Late in April, Lincoln’s funeral train stopped in Baltimore while flags at Fort McHenry and elsewhere flew at half staff in honor of the assassinated president and symbolized, as well, all the Americans lost in the conflict. HHH FORT McHENRY HHH

est known for its association place, over the victims of as vulgar and bru- with the “Star-Spangled Ban- tal a despotism as modern times have wit- ner” during the , nessed.” The civilian prisoners soon had the nearly half a century later, Fort company of Confederate soldiers, as pris- B oners of war were confined on the grounds McHenry played several different roles during the Civil War. After the fall of Fort outside the fort while awaiting transfer to Sumter, South Carolina, and the Baltimore Point Lookout, Fort Delaware, or Johnson’s Riots of April 1861, Maryland Unionists Island. Their numbers swelled after major looked to the fort to safeguard their cause battles, particularly those at Sharpsburg, in a city with strong support for . Maryland, in September 1862, and Gettys- Gen. William W. Morris’ 2nd U.S. burg, , in 1863. By war’s end, occupied the fort in May 1861, one of 32 an estimated 15,000 men had been confined regiments to serve as garrison troops at the fort, but only 15 had died there. during the conflict. Some of the fort’s guns At least three executions occurred there: were trained on Baltimore instead of the two soldiers and a civilian for murder. , to help curb secessionist Some Union and Confederate officers ardor and rally loyal citizens. wounded in combat in the Eastern Theater Lincoln’s suspension of the writ of of war were treated at Fort McHenry’s habeas corpus resulted in the temporary 60-bed post hospital. James L. Kemper and detention and confinement of hundreds of Isaac R. Trimble were among the notable Maryland civilians suspected of disloyalty. Confederate generals who survived “Pick- Many of them were held at Fort McHenry. ett’s Charge” at Gettysburg on July 3, 1863. Among them was newspaper editor Francis They were transported to downtown Balti- Key Howard, who wrote on , more by railroad and ambulance wagon, 1861, “[the] day, forty-seven years earlier, treated at city hospitals, then brought to my grandfather, … wrote the post hospital to recover and await the song so popular. … The flag which he transfer by steamship to permanent Fed- proudly hailed, I saw waving, at the same eral prisoner-of-war installations. After the Civil War, Fort McHenry was used periodically as an active military post. In 1933, two years after Francis Scott Key’s poem became America’s National Anthem, the fort was transferred to the National Park Ser- vice and designated a National Monument and Fort McHenry during the Civil War. Historic . H HOSPITAL H CHESAPEAKE BAY

n the weeks following the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, and again after the Battle I of Gettysburg in July 1863, Balti- more became a vast hospital complex for the wounded men who poured into the city. The Antietam casualties arrived on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Frederick, Maryland. As thousands of Union and Confeder- ate soldiers hobbled or were carried

from the trains, authorities trans- The U.S. Navy and their ships, such as USS Constellation, formed 22 churches, hotels and cotton were essential to achieving victory for the Union. and warehouses into medical facilities. Nearly all of Baltimore’s he U.S. Navy’s actions in the public parks still in use today, includ- Chesapeake Bay during the ing Patterson’s Park, Federal Hill, and Civil War were similar to its , as well as other open T operations throughout the spaces, were used for hospitals. Thou- South. From Baltimore to the Virginia sands of the Gettysburg casualties Capes, naval vessels tightly blockaded were cared for in downtown Balti- the coastline to keep desperately needed more, while Fort McHenry’s post hos- supplies from Confederate armies, as pital treated many of the Confederate well as to protect the vast numbers of officers wounded during Gen. James Union vessels that transported men and Longstreet’s famous assault (often supplies to the front. In addition, the mistakenly called Pickett’s Charge) on navy actively assisted the U.S. Army July 3, 1863. A pressing need for treat- with amphibious support, while also ing the wounded closer to the battle- seeking battle with the ships of the Con- fields led to the creation of several federate navy. relief organizations in Maryland. With the fall of Norfolk, Virginia, in 1861, the became a vital base for the U.S. Navy’s activities in the Chesapeake. The city’s shipyards repaired vessels damaged in battle, while its many steamship companies provided vessels that could be converted for military use. Inland, the navy utilized the city’s industrial power, with Balti- more’s mills producing steam engines for warships as well as armor plating— U.S. General Hospital, , Baltimore including that used on USS Monitor. HH THE 1864 CAMPAIGN HH

n July 1864, Confederate Gen. Jubal Turnpike, reinforcing Ellicott Mills, the A. Early, having cleared Virginia’s in Relay, and the depleted Valley of Union troops, defenses of Baltimore. His stubborn defense I marched his corps into Maryland bought time for troops from Petersburg to to threaten Baltimore, free Confederate reach Washington, D.C. by steam­ship and prisoners at Point Lookout and attack repulse Early’s July 11 attack. Washington, D.C. He and commanding Gen. Meanwhile, Confederate Gen. Bradley Robert E. Lee also hoped to lure Union T. Johnson led his cavalry brigade toward troops away from Petersburg, Virginia, Point Lookout, cutting telegraph lines to reinforce the capital’s defenses and, and burning trains and railroad . thereby, relieve the pressure on Lee. Maryland’s own Maj. ’s Early’s maneuver was the South’s third and detachment Union cavalry and last invasion of the North. captured Union Gen. William B. Franklin, In response, the Union rushed Gen. who later escaped. Gilmor got no closer to ’s force of 5,800 men from Point Lookout than the mouth of the Gun- Baltimore and an infantry division from powder River northeast of Baltimore. Petersburg to confront Early on the banks Early retreated to Virginia on July 12, of the near Frederick, having failed to free the Confederate pris- Maryland, on July 9. Called “The Battle oners. He succeeded, however, in putting That Saved Washington,” the fight was a a fright into Washington, D.C. and Balti- Confederate victory, but it cost Early more, and his raid temporarily drew Fed- a critical day’s march on the U.S. capital. eral troops away from Petersburg. Wallace retreated east on the Baltimore

Gen. Jubal A. Early Gen. Lew Wallace Maj. Harry Gilmor H H H AFRICAN H LINCOLN AMERICANS

braham Lincoln came to Baltimore three memora- ble times between 1861 A and 1865. The first occa- sion was before dawn on , 1861, en route to his inauguration in Washington, D.C. When detective feared that a pro-Confederate mob might attack Lincoln’s carriage as he transferred from to , the president-elect agreed to slip quietly from one

Sgt. Maj. Christian A. Fleetwood station to the other and safely on to Washington, D.C. Later that day, a he Emancipation Proclama- pro-Confederate mob harassed tion, issued January 1, 1863, Mary Todd Lincoln, traveling sepa- authorized the recruiting of rately, as she transferred trains. As as United president, Lincoln returned to Balti- T more on April 18, 1864, to speak at States soldiers. Gen. William Birney and his staff raised seven regiments of the Maryland State Fair for Soldier what were called Colored Relief, almost three years to the day Troops (USCTs)—the 4th, 7th, 9th, 19th, after the Baltimore Riot, in which 30th, 39th, and 118th—in Maryland Confederate sympathizers attacked during the Civil War. The Maryland U.S. Army troops on their way south General Assembly offered bounty money to the capital. Lincoln was so to each man who enlisted as well impressed with the positive change as to owners who freed their slaves for in the city’s political climate that he service. Many slaves, however, freed referred to it in his speech as “both themselves from their masters and ran great and gratifying.” Lincoln’s away to join the Union forces. third passage through Baltimore Of the sixteen African-American was on the morning of April 21, 1865, soldiers who received the Medal of six days after his assassination, Honor during the Civil War, five were when the funeral train arrived at Maryland natives: Sgt. Maj. Christian Camden Station. After a procession A. Fleetwood, Baltimore, 4th USCT; through the city and a public view- Sgt. Alfred B. Hilton, Harford , ing in the Merchant’s Exchange, 4th USCT; Sgt. Decatur Dorsey, Lincoln’s body was transferred to Howard County, 39th USCT; and Pvt. the train that carried him home William H. Barnes and Sgt. James H. to Springfield, , for burial. Harris, St. Mary’s County, 38th USCT. P ENNSYLVANIA

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77 Middleburg Old Frederick Road James Archer (Loy’s Station) 84 Birthplace Catoctin Union WESTMINSTER Furnance (Multiple Trail Sites) 31 Monkton Bel Air Rodgers 75 New Windsor Station Lewistown 1 83 2 Court House Tavern Perryville 3 Community 15 Park Baltimore County Jerusalem 31 Libertytown Hayfields Historical Society Mill Richfield Glen 95 26 26 97 Ellen Rose Hill Manor Hampton National 75 27 Mariner FREDERICK 795 Historical Site (Multiple Trail Sites) Point Park Robert E. Monocacy New Market Lee Park National Camp Chapel Battlefield 40 Mount Airy Towson Court House Pine Grove Sykesville Chapel United Methodist 70 BALTIMORE Church 80 HI 895 STO RIC NA Urbana 70TIO NA (Landon House) L RD 80 144 32 Crimea Buckeystown Cooksville Baltimore Park Mansion 355 Catonsville Riot Trail 270 Hyattstown Library 97 Ellicott City

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6 H BALTIMORE RIOT TRAIL H • Robert E. Lee Park/ – Opened in 1861, the lake here served as Baltimore’s reservoir during the war. H President Street Station – The 6th Massachusetts Infantry • Lansdowne Christian Church – This church and its stained- Regiment began its march to Camden Station. glass windows reflect a Civil War veteran’s love for his comrades. H Fawn Street at President Street – Here the secessionist mob H Monkton Station – A station along the Northern Central began attacking the marching Massachusetts soldiers. Railroad, a major component of the ’s transit network H President Street at Pratt Street – The mob closed in as a for troops and supplies. railroad car carrying soldiers derailed. H Towson Court House – On July 11, 1864, Gilmor’s raiders H Gay and Commerce Streets at Pratt Street – Here the stopped at the hotel here for refreshment then fought an soldiers fired back, exchanging volleys with the mob. engagement south of town. H Light Street at Pratt Street – Four soldiers were shot or • Perryville Community Park – This small town quickly became beaten to death here. an important Union outpost. H Howard Street at Camden Station – The rest of the • Rodgers Tavern – Four-legged recruits were trained here at the Massachusetts regiment finally boarded the train, protected by “mule school” for arduous service in the U.S. Army. their comrades’ fire. • Port Deposit – A local artillery battery later found itself playing a vital role at Antietam. H H OTHER BALTIMORE CITY SITES • Bel Air Court House – In 1861, Union forces searched the town • – On the evening of April 19, 1861, Governor for Confederate sympathizers; area residents served in both armies. Hicks and Mayor Brown spoke here to try to calm down citizens • James Archer Birthplace – Confederate Gen. James Archer led after the Baltimore Riot. troops through several campaigns and died in Richmond, • Mt. Clare Station/B&O Railroad Museum – Civil War-era Va., shortly after being exchanged as a . trains are on here. H Jerusalem Mill – A Confederate cavalry raid occurred here in • Abbott Iron Works – To avert further violence after the 1864 as part of an attack on Washington. Baltimore Riot, the mayor ordered railroad bridges burned. H Mariner Point Park – Here Maj. Harry Gilmor burned the • Mt. Clare Mansion – This U.S. Army training facility opened in Bridge. the summer of 1861. • Elkridge Furnace Inn – George Dobbin built an “assembly • – Here Adeline Blanchard Tyler hall” here after the war, on land once occupied by Union artillery, treated wounded Massachusetts soldiers after the Baltimore Riot. to help heal divisions among neighbors. • Crimea Mansion/Leakin Park – Home of , a suc- • B&O Railroad Station (Ellicott City) – The oldest railroad cessful inventor and prominent Baltimorean, who was imprisoned terminus in the U.S. (1831) was guarded by Union troops at Fort McHenry for his pro-southern political activities. throughout the war. • Druid Hill – Several U.S. Colored Troops regiments were • Ellicott City Colored School (Ellicott City) – After the war, organized here in 1863 and 1864. African American veterans built this school. • Federal Hill – First occupied by U.S. troops in May 1861 to • Thomas Isaac Log Cabin (Ellicott City) – Northern and suppress secessionist violence in Baltimore, this became the site southern sentiments divided this town. of a huge fort. • Patapsco Female Institute (Ellicott City) – Site of an import- • Fort McHenry – Famous for associations with “The Star- ant school that influenced young ladies of the North and South. Spangled Banner,” it became a prison and hospital site. • – This was the home of Capt. George R. Gaither • Greenmount Cemetery – and other notable of the Howard County Dragoons. Civil War figures are buried here. • – This cotton-weaving mill was used for Federal • Loudon Park National Cemetery, Confederate Hill – service. Established in 1862, this is one of 14 original national cemeteries. • Thomas Viaduct – The strategic B&O Railroad bridge to More than 600 Confederates are buried here. Washington placed two in the theater of war. • Maryland Historical Society – Civil War artifacts are displayed here. H EASTERN SHORE SITES H • Patterson Park – This public park, opened in 1827, held a U.S. • Charles Sumner Post G.A.R. (Chestertown) – Former U.S. Army training camp and general hospital during the war. Colored Troops established this Grand Army of the Republic post • USS Constellation – This vessel operated against the slave and built this meeting hall in 1908. trade and protected U.S. shipping from Confederate raiders. • Kent County Courthouse (Chestertown) – Federal authorities • at Mt. Vernon Place – President arrested local lawyer and newspaper publisher John Leeds Barroll gave a stirring speech here on April 18, 1864. in 1863 for reprinting a “treasonous” article. • Monument Park (Chestertown) – Monuments here honor both H WESTERN SHORE SITES H Confederate and Union soldiers, including U.S. Colored Troops. H Baltimore County Historical Society/Cockeysville – Near • Lauretum Inn – Chestertown resident, Maryland militia here, Confederate Maj. Harry Gilmor burned railroad bridges and general, and U.S. Senator George Vickers voted against wreaked havoc on his July 1864 raid. impeaching President Andrew Johnson in 1868. H Camp Chapel – Maj. Harry Gilmor • Queenstown – Slaves escaped from their owners here to enlist in and his raiders passed by this early Methodist chapel site in July the U.S. Army. 1864. • Greensboro – Pro-Union residents wrote to President Abraham • Catonsville Library – This community, known as Relay during Lincoln for help on September 13, 1862. the war, was an important rail center. • Hillsboro – The great African-American leader, Frederick H Glen Ellen – This is the site of Maj. Harry Gilmor’s home, Douglass, once called this town home. a Gothic Revival house demolished after the war. • Unionville – Slaves and free blacks from here served as USCT, • Hampton National Historical Site – Southern sympa­thizer then founded the community after the war. Charles Ridgely was elected captain of the Baltimore County • Talbot Courthouse – Easton men served on both sides during Horse Guards at the outbreak of the war. the war. 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For more information on the Civil War, recre- ation and traveling in Maryland, please visit:

Maryland Office of Kent County Tourism Tourism Development Development 401 E. Pratt Street 400 High Street 14th Floor Chestertown, MD 21620 Baltimore, MD 21202 (410) 778-0416 (877) 333-4455 www.kentcounty.com www.visitmaryland.org Howard County Visitors Annapolis & Anne Arundel Information Center County Conference & Visitors Howard County Tourism Council Bureau 8267 Main Street Breathtaking views of roll­ing 26 West Street Ellicott City, MD 21041 countryside and horse farms Annapolis, MD 21401 (800) 288-8747 surrounding Baltimore (888) 302-2852 www.visithowardcounty.com (Inset) Kayaking on the waters www.visit-annapolis.org of the Chesapeake Bay Carroll County Visitor Center Baltimore Area Convention 210 E. Main Street & Visitors Association Westminster, MD 21157 Conference and Visitors Baltimore Visitor Center (800) 272-1933 Bureau of Montgomery County, 401 Light Street www.carrollcountytourism.org Maryland, Inc. (in the Inner Harbor) 11820 Parklawn Drive, Suite 380 Harford County Tourism Tourism Council of Baltimore, MD 21202 Rockville, MD 20852 Council, Inc. Frederick County, Inc. (877) BALTIMORE (800) 925-0880 211 W. Bel Air Avenue 151 S. East Street www.baltimore.org www.visitmontgomery.com Aberdeen, MD 21001 Frederick, MD 21701 (800) 597-2649 Queen Anne’s County Office (800) 999-3613 Prince George’s County, MD www.harfordmd.com of Tourism www.visitfrederick.org Conference & Visitors Bureau 425 Piney Narrows Road 9200 Basil Court, Suite 101 Fort McHenry National Chester, MD 21619 Largo, MD 20744 Monument and Historic Shrine (410) 604-2100 (888) 925-8300 2400 East Fort Avenue www.qactv.com www.visitprincegeorges.com Baltimore, MD 21230 Historic Ellicott City Cecil County Tourism (410) 962-4290 www.nps.gov/fomc 1 Seahawk Drive North East, MD 21901 President Street Station (800) CECIL-95 601 President Street www.SeeCecil.org Baltimore, MD 21202 Baltimore County (410) 385-5188 Tourism and Promotion www.angelfire.com/biz/ presidentststation Historic Courthouse 400 Washington Avenue Monocacy National Battlefield Towson, MD 21204 4801 Urbana Pike (410) 887-2849 Frederick, MD 21704 www.enjoybaltimorecounty.com (301) 662-3515 www.nps.gov/mono pared to five to Unionists. pared com as the Confederacy aiding role in about Maryland’s reminiscences lished pub Confederates former Seventeen liter-ature. and the war’s history to greatly contributed land’s vanquished but its history, Mary write get to a war Guard. National of the Maryland commander and judge, withRode Stonewall I member of Jackson’s who wrote staff junior Kyd Henry Col. Douglas, Guard. National colonel the Maryland in and commissioner, city police businessman, a as Baltimore to returned commander, cavalry Gilmor, the partisan Harry Maj. now the University of Maryland. College, Agricultural ident of Maryland USS battle with Merrimack Virginia CSS manded who com Buchanan, Franklin Adm. native their state. in roles prominent H A Confederate armyandasadjutant general It is often said that the victors in in the victors that said It often is Henry KydDouglasasamajorinthe of theMarylandNationalGuard. POST WAR federates afterward played played afterward federates Con former several side, ing War’s on the Civil los served Marylanders many lthough ) the day before its famous its before famous ) the day Monitor , became alawyer, , became (formerly USS USS (formerly , served as pres as , served -

H ------1 call toll-free: Trails, War Civil other on For more information way. the along do and see to things fun and history War Civil discover to Play Google or Apple from app Trails War Civil Maryland the Download Howard and Kent . more, Cecil, Harford, and City Balti- Baltimore . 888 W ASHINGTON, D.C. www.visitmaryland.org Boyd Rutherford,Lt.Governor ,Governor . RICHMOND

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