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Histology of the Blood Vessels

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Histology of the Blood Vessels + Motivational Corner: “Step through new doors. The majority of the time there's something fantastic on the other side.” Objectives: 1- By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to discuss Integrated Esophagus the microscopic structure in & stomach. correlation with the function of the following organs: 1. Esophagus. 2. Stomach. Extra notes: Gray Important notes: Red + Alimentary Canal Is the tubular portion of digestive system. Subdivided into Large intestine Small intestine (cecum, colon, Esophagus. Stomach. (duodenum, rectum, anal canal, jejunum and ileum). and appendix). Mucosa. General or Serosa Architecture Submucosa. of L/M Structure of Alimentary Muscularis externa. Canal Adventitia OR serosa. + Esophagus ■ Four concentric layers: Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa or externa Adventitia Epithelial Lining: • Loose areolar C.T. • Two muscle layers: • Adventitia: is loose Non-Keratinized containing blood 1-Inner circular layer. areolar C.T. not Stratified Squamous vessels, nerves, 2-Outer longitudinal layer. covered by Epithelium. submucosal mesothelium. esophageal glands • Upper 1/3: both layers In the thoracic part of are skeletal M. Lamina propria: (secretion of mucus) the esophagus. Loose areolar C.T. with • Middle 1/3: inner layer is smooth muscle mucosal esophageal • Meissner’s plexus glands (secretion of • Outer layer is skeletal • Serosa: is loose of nerve fibers and mucus) in the upper and M. areolar C.T. covered nerve cells. • Lower 1/3: both layers lower ends. by mesothelium are smooth M. (simple squamous • Auerbach’s Muscularis mucosae: (myenteric) plexus in epithelium) Few layers of smooth between the 2 layers in the abdominal part muscle fibers. of the esophagus. Serosa Submucosal esophageal gland Auerbach’s plexua + Stomach It has 4 regions: Mucosa has folds, • Cardia known as rugae • Fundus • Body that disappear in • Pylorus the distended stomach. Fundus (and Body) of Stomach • Is invaded by fundic glands. The surface epithelium of the mucosa is simple columnar mucus-secreting cells. Mucosa Surface Columnar Epithelium: Simple columnar epithelium: secretes mucus. • Connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and Meissner’s plexus. Sub Mucosa of Lamina propria: C.T. invaded • NO glands. by numerous fundic glands mucosa: Fundus of with lymphoid elements. Stomach Three smooth muscle layers: (Inner oblique - Middle circular - Outer longitudinal.) Muscularis mucosae: 2 layers of smooth muscle fibers. Muscularis Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexus. Externa: • C.T. covered by mesothelium. (Not adventitia) Serosa There are NO goblet cells in the stomach. + Fundic Glands Short pits: one fourth of mucosa. Fundic glands Simple branched tubular glands. have: Are rich in parietal & chief cells. 1- Lumen. 2- Surface columnar epithelium. Mucosa of 3- Pits of fundic glands. Fundus of 4- Fundic glands. Stomach 5- Lamina propria. 6- Muscularis mucosae. Fundic Glands Composed of 5 cell types: Parietal (oxyntic) cells: Shape: pyramidal or polygonal. Nucleus: central, round. Cytoplasm: Deeply acidophilic, rich in SER and mitochondria (40% of the cell volume). C-shaped intracellular canaliculus. Secrete HCl and gastric intrinsic factor that helps absorption of vitamin B12. Peptic (chief) cells The predominant cell type. Columnar cells. Nucleus: basal, round. Cytoplasm: basohilic with apical secretory granules. Secrete pepsinogen. Mucous neck cells Secrete mucus. Enteroendocrine (EE) (DNES) Enterochromaffin (EC) cells: secrete hormones (e.g. serotonin, endorphin). cells: Stem cells Regenerative cells. + Pylorus of stomach • Is invaded by Pyloric glands. The surface epithelium is simple columnar mucus-secreting cells. Mucosa • Connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and Meissner’s plexus. Sub • NO glands. mucosa: Two smooth muscle layers: (Inner circular - Outer longitudinal.) Muscularis Auerbach’s plexus. Externa: • C.T. covered by mesothelium. (NOT adventitia) Serosa 1- Lumen. 2- Surface epithelium. 3- Pits of pyloric glands. 4- Lamina propria. 5- Muscularis mucosae. 6- Submucosa 7- Muscularis externa Their pits are deep, about half the length of Pyloric mucosa. glands have: They are branched and convoluted, many cross sections. Cells of pyloric gland: Mucus neck cells EE cells Stem cells Parietal cells No peptic cells (Mucus secreting cells) 1- The predominant cells 1- EC cells - Few Because parietal 2- Secrete mucus. 2- G cells cells which secrete 3- D cells pepsinogen are few. 4- A cells Summary + Esophagus Stomach Layers Fundus Pylorus Non- Surface epithelium: D 5 Keratinized Simple columnar mucus- B 4 Mucosa Stratified secretingcells. B 3 Squamous Fundicglands. Pyloricglands. C 2 Epithelium. Short pits (1\4of Deep pits(1\2 C 1 mucosa). ofmucosa). Glands. NO glands. Submucosa Meissner’s plexus. Musculs 2 smooth musclelayer. 3layers. 2layers. externa Auerbach’splexus. Serosa Serosa in the OR abdominal part Serosa. adventita of the esophagus Or adventitia. MCQs Q1- Which one of the following contains Q4- Which one of the following cell type of glands in it’s submucosa ? funds glands help in absorption of Vitamin a) Fundus of stomach B12 ? b) Pylorus of stomach a) Peptic cells c) Esophagus b) Parietal cells c) Enteroendocrine cells Q2- Which one of the following is the Q5- What type of muscle makes up the predominant cell in Fundic glands ? muscularis externa in the esophagus? a) Mucus neck cells a) Smooth b) Parietal cells b) Striated c) Peptic cells c) Cardiac d.) both a and b Q3- which one of the following is the e) a, b, and c. Thanks you for checking predominant cell in pyloric glands ? our work, Good luck. a) Parietal cells -Team histology. b) Mucus neck cells c) Enteroendocrine cells Done by: Areeb ALOgaiel Sadeem Alqahtani Hanan Alabdullah For any question or suggestion: Team leaders: [email protected] Areeb AlOgaiel Fawzan AlOtaibi.
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