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Kapoeta Region Multi-Sector Survey

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Kapoeta Region Multi-Sector Survey Kapoeta region Multi-Sector Survey This survey was made possible thanks to the kind support of SSHF, and the collaboration of Plan International November 2017 Presentation Outline • Background to the Greater Kapoeta • Methodological overview and Main results • Outlook of Assessment Results by Sector (Key Indicators) • Demographics, occupation • Livelihood, use of cash, assets and asset depletion, expenditures, access to market • Food security • People displacement (IDP and outflows) • Education • Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) • Health • Safety and Protection • Recommendations The Greater Kapoeta Region (Geography) Comprises 3 counties (HHs): Kapoeta South (20k), K. North (26K) and K. East (42k) Bounded between the Singaita and Lokalyen rivers Main Settlements are Kapoeta Town, Riwoto and Narus Limited Vegetation comprising of short grasses and shrubs Socio-economic Background • Mainland Kapoeta majorly consist of the • Polygamous families with 84.8% reporting people of Toposa additional Wives in Household (MI Survey, • Toposas live in the Nilo-Hamitic agro pastoral 2017) territory which spans from Jie, Didinga, • Wives are mainly responsible for farming, Donyiro as well as Kenya’s Turkana caring for the elderly, cooking and housing. In population fact, women are expected to be breadwinners of • Main Economic activity revolves livestock the household herding including cattle, goats, sheep and to a • Men’s roles include grazing and offering defence lesser extent, donkeys for the cattle • Measure of wealth in the Toposaland are dependent on cattle ownership Methodological Overview Questionnaire The questionnaire was developed on the base of the Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System (FSNMS) survey, with the addition of questions originating from the UNICEF Multi Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), the Consortium for Improving Agriculture-based Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA) Baseline Survey, the Secure Livelihood Research Consortium (SLRC) Survey, and the (RGAP) Smallholder Household Survey, and customized for the region. Sampling strategy Due to the vast size of Kapoeta East and the inaccessibility of the northern section of Kapoeta north, payams, and among them villages, were purposely selected based on livelihood strategies. A total of 30 villages were surveyed. 308 HHs were selected based on the “improved random walk” methodology. Limitations Beside the use of the purpose sampling, it is important to remember that the communities surveyed in this study are semi-nomads: the data gathered, at the end of October, should be regarded as a reference for the rainy season only. Methodological Overview For the analysis, Payams and villages were grouped based on distance from established market: 2 groups have been identified for Kapoeta North, 3 for Kapoeta Eats and 3 for Kapoeta South: • Lomeyen, Najie and Paring payam were classified as “Far Kapoeta North” • Mosingo and Chumakori payam as “Urban Kapoeta North” • Katodori (Napotpot and Lolim) payam as “Kapoeta/Narus road” • Narus (Naliel and Kaldo) payam as “Far Kapoeta East” • Mogos payam as “Mogos” • Mochi One and Longeleva payam as “Kapoeta South near City” • Pwata payam as “Far Kapoeta south” • Kapoeta town payam as “Kapoeta Town” Main results DEMOGRAPHIC: on average men have of 3 to 4 wives, each giving birth to 7 children, 2 of which have died OCCUPATION: although 12-to-17 years adolescents’ occupations are similar to that of their parents, their activity take place mostly in or around their villages, and occupies them only part of their days LIVELIHOOD: Subsistence agriculture (with home-made tools and largely for self-consumption) is the main form of livelihood; cattle are herd mostly for status/marriage/celebration purposes, although represent saving to be used in time of need INCOME: 20% of HHs has seen its income decrease, mostly due to drought and loss of cattle ASSET DEPLATION: almost 80% of HHs has sold more cattle this year compared to the last year ACCESS TO MARKET: it is relatively good, with the noticeable exception of Far Kapoeta East Main results FOOD SECURITY: 20% of HHs experience severe hunger (emergency level), 25% in Far Kapoeta North and South DISPLACEMENT: while IDP inflow is negligible, around 15% of HHs have lost (migrated) some of their members in the last years (33% in Far Kapoeta North) mostly due to hunger EDUCATION: enrolment among children aged 6 to 19 years is 20% (25% for males, 14% for females), ranging from 40% for Kapoeta Town to 0% in other areas; only 13% was enrolled this and last year. WASH: open-air defecation is practiced by 98%; around 50% of boreholes are malfunctioning HEALTH: fever affects almost 1/3 of U5, and access to medical facilities is very low in Far Kapoeta East and North. In these latter two communities, as well as Mogus, Maternal care is also very deficient SAFETY & PROTECTION: although most HHs feel safe, threat to women and children is significant, especially in Urban Kapoeta North (Riwoto). Women in menopause are arguably the most vulnerable group Demographics Average number Average number Geographic Average number of children alive of children dead Age of respondents of wives Location per household per household Far Kapoeta East 4 5 2 Mogos 25% 56% 14% 6% Far Kapoeta North 3 6 2 Kapoeta/Narus Road 26% 63% 11% Far Kapoeta South 4 6 2 Kapoeta South near city 17% 64% 17% 3% Kapoeta Main 4 5 3 Kapoeta Main 30% 59% 7% 4% Kapoeta South near Far Kapoeta South 26% 48% 21% 5% 2 city 4 6 Far Kapoeta North 31% 51% 18% Kapoeta/Narus 3 5 2 Road Far Kapoeta East 15% 62% 15% 8% Mogos 3 6 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Urban Kapoeta 2 18-30yrs 31 - 50 yrs 51 - 60 yrs >60 yrs North 4 5 Insight into HH – occupation of adults Although occupations between men and women differ along well-known lines (livestock rearing for men and cultivation for women), both claim to play a role in family duties/caring for the family members. Main occupations of men (top 3) Main occupation of women (top 3) 30% Urban Kapoeta North 21% 28% Urban Kapoeta North 16% 21% 22% 30% Mogos 12% 30% Mogos 18% 28% 26% 25% Kapoeta/Narus Road 11% 29% Kapoeta/Narus Road 20% 27% 26% 33% Kapoeta South near city 10% 32% Kapoeta South near city 17% 26% 31% 26% 30% Kapoeta Main 13% Kapoeta Main 19%20% 25% 24% Far Kapoeta South 12% 29% Far Kapoeta South 24% 29% 25% 29% Far Kapoeta North 9% 30% Far Kapoeta North 17% 30% 26% 25% Far Kapoeta East 7% 30% Far Kapoeta East 22% 32% 26% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Caring family members/Family duties Caring family members/Family duties Production of local alcohol Livestock rearing or defense Hunting, Fishing or Gathering vegetables/fruits/other natural products Cultivation individually Insight into HH – occupation of adolescents and children Roles and responsibilities of adolescents are similar to the duties of their parents. Children, on the other hand, focuses mostly on caring for family members, especially younger brothers/sisters Roles played by adolescent (12-17) (Top 3) Roles played by children (6 - 10) (Top 3) 21% 11% Urban Kapoeta North 17% 31% Urban Kapoeta North 18% 20% 23% 17% Mogos 13% 31% Mogos 22%23% 21% Kapoeta/Narus Road 17% 31% 13% Kapoeta/Narus Road 16% 21% 22% Kapoeta South near city 17% 36% 16% Kapoeta South near city 19% 26% 20% Kapoeta Main 27% 21% 17% Kapoeta Main 14% 21% 20% Far Kapoeta South 17% 36% 14% Far Kapoeta South 12% 25% 22% 17% 35% Far Kapoeta North 13% Far Kapoeta North 15% 23% 23% 24% 19% 22% Far Kapoeta East 17% Far Kapoeta East 24% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Caring family members/Family duties (preparing ingredients, washing, cleaning) Livestock rearing or defense Caring for younger children Washing dishes/cleaning the house/washing clothes Caring for elderly/sick Hunting, Fishing or Gathering vegetables/fruits/other natural products Insight into HH – livelihood activities of adolescents Contrary to their fathers, regardless of their gender, most adolescents engaging in livelihood activities stay in or near their villages; moreover, only half of them dedicate the entire day to such activities Where ADOLESCENTS spend most of their time doing How much time of the day do livelihood activities take livelihood activities? to ADOLESCENTS Urban Kapoeta North 7% 33% 12% 33% 14% Urban Kapoeta North 10% 38% 52% Mogos 8% 31% 25% 31% 6% Mogos 3% 9% 46% 43% Kapoeta/Narus Road 5% 29% 34% 24% 8% Kapoeta/Narus Road 5% 58% 37% Kapoeta South near city 5% 30% 24% 32% 8% Kapoeta South near city 14% 49% 38% Kapoeta Main 4% 42% 12% 19% 23% Kapoeta Main 4% 8% 35% 54% Far Kapoeta South 2% 31% 17% 38% 12% Far Kapoeta South 10% 2% 36% 52% Far Kapoeta North 9% 24% 25% 31% 11% Far Kapoeta North 6% 56% 39% Far Kapoeta East Far Kapoeta East 4% 23% 38% 27% 8% 23% 35% 42% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Far from the village (some hours away from the village) In the village Less than two hours Less than half a day Most of the day The entire day Near the village (less than 30 minutes of time to go there) Not too far from from the village (more than 30 minutes of walk) Very far from the village (some days away of walk from the village) Livelihood - Cultivation Main source of livelihood is agriculture as 63% of people reported agriculture and sale of cereals as the main source of livelihood • 87% reported to have land for cultivation with an average of 3 Feddans or 10 Katala • 94.9% reported Sorghum as the most important crop of cultivation to their livelihood • The majority of HHs (72%) sell their produce to the local market
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