6/2015

Kr 48,- INTERPRESS NORGE Norwegian Defence and Security Industries Association RETURUKE 09 EXTENDED AWARENESS

The GIRAFFE 8A is a recent extension to Saab’s world-class With our more than 60 years of innovative radar development line-up of surface radar systems. This 3D long-range air you can rely on Saab’s thinking edge to provide the capabilities surveillance radar system is designed for the highest level of needed to meet future threats and requirements. situational awareness and ballistic missile defence – in any climate. The GIRAFFE 8A provides exceptional range and www.saab.com multi-role capabilities, combined with operational flexibility that allows you to virtually look into the future.

GIRAFFE 8A – a member of Saab’s world-class line-up of Surface Radar Solutions. CONTENTS Contents:

TRITON Editor-in-Chief: 2 Exit Orion, enter Triton? M.Sc. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen AIP 7 Air independent conventional submarines

THE REFUGEE CRISIS – IS FSI THIS JUST THE BEGINNING? 11 Norwegian Defence and Security Industries Association­ At the same time as hundreds of thousands of refugees are swarming­ 12 Technology seminar with the Norwegian to Europe following the atrocities of the Syrian civil war, the influx Special Operation Forces of refugees keeps up a steady flow across the Medi­terranean Sea RADARS FOR NORWAY from Africa. 16 Norwegian Defence in the closing stages of the The refugee crisis has caused massive problems for the countries­ radar project in Europe and the European Union. The Schengen agreement, which regulates the border control­ BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, ­co-operation and the passportless travel within the Schengen INDUSTRY AND TRADE sphere, is subject to enormous pressure, and the Dublin agreement 19 Four more F-16 Fighters to Egypt that calls for refugees to be recorded in the first EU nation they come 20 M109A7 production contract for US Army to, has to all intents and purposes collapsed. 22 RBS 70 missiles for Latvia The current result is that the governments of the European 26 First order for Carl-Gustaf M4 ­nations are all but competing to make their nations seem as ­unattractive as possible for the migrants, in the hope that the influx RADAR of refugees take another direction to other countries in Europe. 28 Giraffe 4A, reducing the stealth effect While a solution to the Syrian crisis seems to be remote ­indeed, tensions are building in other countries in the Middle East TERMA and North Africa. Developments in countries such as Libya, Egypt, 31 Commercial contract is Terma´s safety net ­Yemen, ­Nigeria and South Sudan give every reason to fear that more ARMATA ­countries can ­succumb to chaos and civil war. When this happens, 32 The new Russian T-14 Armata main battle tank the current flood of refugees may be just a small preamble to what Europe can expect over the coming few years. Viewed from this perspective, it is even more vital that Europe­ is able to coordinate its refugee policies. Such coordination­ cannot­ merely be about where the refugees should be recorded, but must Coverphoto: Test flight with a US Navy Triton UAV include the requirements for being granted asylum status,­ and Photo: US Navy/Northrop Grumman whether the ­asylum should be temporary; other ­topics ­include the rights and ­financial­support arrangements for the ­asylum seekers, as well as return facilities,­ et cetera. And even if a joint European coordination in these fields will entail a powerful re- striction towards the asylum seekers to a number of European countries, a common set of regulations will be a prerequisite for Europe to function as a safe haven for those people who are in a real need of protection. The alternative looks likely to be a Europe where more and more countries are closing their borders to refugees entirely.

1995–2015 | 20 YEARS ANNIVERSARY

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 1 TRITON

EXIT ORION, ENTER TRITON?

The Norwegian defence Commander wishes to phase out the ­surveillance aircraft. In both cases, the current fleet of P3 Orion aircraft. In the future, Norway may ­Triton UAV from Northrop Grumman is the UAV of choice for unmanned surveillance follow many other nations in the use of huge unmanned air- of the national seascapes. Representatives craft as a basis for the surveillance of their seas. of Northrop Grumman have recently paid a visit to Norway to give a presentation of the possibilities that the Triton represents orway is responsible for huge ocean tent. Said drones will then be operated as a potential successor to the Norwegian Nspaces, and a major proportion of the from the Evenes Air Station, some 40 miles P3 Orion aircraft. surveillance of these have been performed south of the Andøya Air Station, between through the years using P3 Orion aircraft the cities of Narvik and Harstad. MQ-4C Triton based on the Air Station Andøya (in the far Triton is a maritime version of the Global­ north of Norway, some 100 clicks SW of UAV’s for surveillance Hawk, explains Drew Flood, Europe Tromsø). The Orion aircraft are coming up The Norwegian Defence Commander’s ­Manager for the Triton Programme. Where on the end of their operative life span, and thinking on increased use of UAV’s and the Global Hawk was developed for the when the Norwegian Defence Commander ­satellites in surveillance operations is not US Air Force, the Triton was developed presented his military advice for 2015 on all that fresh and unique. Several countries for the US Navy. At the outset the Global the 1st of October, one of the proposals was are working on solutions aimed towards Hawk and the Triton are substantially to phase out the Orions and shut down the same end. For example, the United similar, which means that the technology the Andøya Air Station around the year of States Navy is about to procure 68 large used in the Triton has been put through 2021. UAV’s for surveillance of American sea its paces over several years in the Global The Defence Commander further ­interests, in collaboration with the new P8 Hawk programme.­ Nevertheless, the Navy suggests that the surveillance tasks in the maritime surveillance aircraft also being has a few special operational requirements North Sea, The Norwegian Sea and the procured at this time. Similarly, Australia ­versus the Air Force, and it is to meet these Barents Sea should in future be done ­using is also opting for a combination of seven we have developed the Triton, says Flood. satellites and drones to an increasing ex- large UAV units and a number of crewed

2 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 TRITON

Test flight with a Triton UAV. Triton could be an alternative for replacement of the Norwegian P3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft. Photo: Northrop Grumman

Triton is what you would call ­distinction between the Triton and the land subject. The Triton will transmit all the in- a HALE UAV, which unscrambles into surveillance craft Global Hawk. At lesser formation it has picked up to the operator High Altitude Long Endurance UAV, and altitudes, the weather challenges assume station in real time. the craft can operate at altitudes of 55 much greater proportions, in particular Triton also has the capacity to be 000 feet, ­flying missions of more than 24 with regard to icing.­ Triton is therefore equipped with extra sensors according to hours’ duration, surveying a million square equipped with a de-icing ­system, which the requirements of the customer. The craft kilometres in one assignment. The craft is important for any aircraft ­supposed to can for instance carry sensors dedicated to has a range of no less than 15 000 clicks, ­operate in cold ocean areas. The Triton is surveillance of land areas, or with special ­enabling it to cover the entire Norwegian also strengthened in the front and along submarine-sensing detectors. Triton is on economic zone at sea in just 14 hours. A the wings’ leading edges against hail- the other hand not equipped or designed Triton UAV based at the Andøya or Evenes storms, which are capable of inflicting to perform air space surveillance. Air Station has the capability of flying to massive damage to planes. Many countries also use large UAV’s the Mediterranean or North Africa to do for environmental surveillance. The US surveillance flights, staying in the area for Sensors aerospace administration agency NASA 5-6 hours, before returning to its base in The main sensor on the Triton is of course has conducted flights with the Global the far north of Norway. the radar, with its 360 degree coverage. At Hawk in the Arctic to monitor the melt- Operating at 50 to 55,000 feet, 55,000 feet, the diameter of the covered down of oceanic­ ice. During one of these the Triton soars well above all civilian surface image will be from 290 to 300 flights, dust coming from the Gobi desert air ­traffic, which rarely ventures above a ­nautical miles, or a swath 550 kms (340 was discovered near the North Pole. Like ­ceiling of 35 to 39,000 feet. miles) wide. the Global Hawk, Triton can be used to At these altitudes, the Triton will This means that a Triton flying in provide governmental agencies with in- also rise above the majority of all weather­ the Barents sea will provide radar coverage formation on natural disasters and major problems, such as windstorms, icing­ and of the whole passage from Finnmark, the ­accidents. The Global Hawk has for in- precipitation. But since the main purpose­ northern part of main land Norway and all stance been useful in charting the devel- of the Triton is that of maritime surveil- the up to the arctic archipelago of Svalbard. opment of forest fires in the USA, and the lance, the craft can also “dive” from ­cruising The radar can also focus or ”zoom aircraft was also of crucial importance in at 55,000 feet to some 3000 feet in order in” on objects of particular interest, to give connection with the tsunami that struck to give the operator close-up images­ of the operator a sharper image of what is Japan in 2011. Here, a Global Hawk interesting objects on demand. This is happening on the ocean surface. And by could fly in over the damaged Fukushima a capability­ that has been a ­prerequisite stooping to lower altitudes, the operator ­nuclear power plant, transmitting images of the US Navy, and which makes a can acquire electro-optical images of the of the damages to Japanese authorities.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 3 TRITON

FACTS AND FIGURES with high capabilities of data, information the process of procuring the P8, for its use and communications exchange as a design as their successor to the P3 Orion. The cost Endurance: 24+ hours criterion. of a Triton UAV is much lower, and even if Length: 14.5 metes actual price tags are rarely given, the unit Wing span: 39.9 metres Lower operational costs, cost of the Triton will probably underscore Height: 4.7metres Weight: Max design gross take-off; ­reduced price that of the P8 by half. 14,600 kilograms It comes as no surprise that the opera- Airspeed: 320 knots/ 600 km/h tions costs for an unmanned aerial vehicle The human factor Ceiling: 60.000 feet/ 18,300meters are lower than those of a crewed aircraft, The main challenge to the UAV concept in Range: 8200 nautical miles/ 15,200 km with the natural savings related to the general lies probably on the human plane. Crew: 4 per ground station. missing crews. There is, however, a need Most people will harbour some unease that for a manned control room whenever the a pilotless aircraft of several tons may be in UAV is in the air, so the savings are less the air above us. But the emotional unrest than 100 percent of the crew costs. The US is actually without foundation in fact. Triton as data link Navy is nevertheless expecting a saving of - The US Defence has gained The ability of Triton to operate at these 2 to 3 persons when compared to manned ­considerable experience over time with the elevated altitudes enables it to be used aircraft of the P3 Orion type. Specifically, Global Hawk and other massive UAV’s, and to advantage as data link for other units. the Navy has a goal of keeping the costs these aircraft have shown themselves to be Particularly in the northern territories and per flying hour below 10,000 dollars. Most less accident-prone than others, with fewer over ocean spaces, where satellite coverage manned aircraft have substantially higher faults and the greatest reliability. A signifi- is sparse, the Triton can offer an important hourly costs than this. cant factor in this is the ruling out of pilot boost to for instance the communication For the US Navy, the procurement error when it comes to these aircraft, Flood between Navy vessels, aircraft and shore- cost for the Triton is also significantly lower explains. based units. It is worth noting that both than that for the new P8 maritime surveil- - All tests and exercises indicate the Triton and the F-35 have been devised lance aircraft. The US Navy is currently in that the aircraft are behaving quite

4 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 TRITON

­exemplarily, doing exactly what they are programmed to do. If they lose contact with the ops room, they do an automatic return flight, landing at the base and taxiing into the hangar. And if the craft should incur faults or damages sufficiently serious to preclude its return to a landing field, it will perform a controlled setdown at sea, well away from other vessels. The probability that an UAV should fall uncontrolled from the sky is extremely limited. For Norway, where unmanned craft A Norwegian P-3 Orion coming in for landing at Andøya Air Force base in Northern Norway. Photo: FMS will primarily be used in the ­policing of huge, deserted ocean expanses, the chance of such an aircraft losing control, then plunging from the sky to hit a vessel at sea, is not even microscopic. GERMAN-NORWEGIAN - Even today, unmanned aircraft are overflying us from time to time, says ­COLLABORATION Drew Flood in closing. In May last year, in connection­ with the exercise Unified ­Vision 2014, a Global Hawk flew over STRENGTHENS AERIAL ­England and entered huge parts of the south Norwegian airspace. SURVEILLANCE

Co-operation on spare parts supply with Germany gives Nor- wegian P-3 Orion sur­veillance aircraft more hours in the air.

his agreement was signed in will thereby ensure that Norway will be – TMay 2015 and ensures that the able to keep these aircraft operational for a materiel is ready and accessible whenever long time ahead, says Andreassen. it is needed. This is of the utmost im­ Previously, the Air Force has been portance for the operative capabilities of procuring necessary spare parts through the Air Force, says the system owner for a joint programme with the US Navy. The the P-3 Orion, Odd Arne Andreassen from US Air Force is planning to replace its P-3 the Defence Logistics Organisation. Orion fleet with P-8 Poseidon craft over He describes the agreement, valued­ the period of 2013 to 2020, however, so at some 50 MNOK (6 MEUR) as very Norway will therefore not be able to source ­favourable, including as it does both new its spare parts in the same manner as acquisitions, repairs and transport out to previously.­ base. The main criterion is that Airbus – As early as 2011, the Air Force ­Defence in an operational situation will realised that a spare parts collaboration for have delivered 75 percent overnight, 95 the P-3 Orion with Germany could be to percent within three days, and 100 percent our advantage. The Ministry of ­Defence in 30 days. assigned the task of establishing such – In addition to the basic procure- ­collaboration with Germany to the Defence ment of spare parts, the agreement com- Logistics Organisation in 2013. Germany prises what is referred to as “Obsolescence already had a good spare parts agreement management”. This means that Airbus with Airbus Defence, which we were able ­Defence, who is contracted to Germany, to subscribe to, says Andreassen. and now also to Norway, ensures that Entering into this agreement saves spares that are taken out of production, will us massive amounts of cash, and provides be replaced with new spares sourced else- better access to the resources required to where. Germany is planning to use these keep the planes aloft and operational. aircraft at least until the year 2035, making – Briefly summarised, the agree- Takeoff for test flight Triton UAVs taking off might be a the agreement very important in order to ment ensures that the Norwegian Orion common sight at Evenes airport in maintain these aircraft in operational status fleet produces more hours in the air, Northern Norway in years to come. through the same period. The agreement Andreassen­ concludes.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 5 DCNS. Your naval partner.

For more one century, DCNS has designed, built and maintained conventional and

DCNSnuclear believes thatsubmarines the sea is this forplanet’s partner future. DCNSnavies. is inventing DCNS high-tech has the solutions experience to sustai- and technical capability nablyto secure deliver and developthe highest its potential. quality DCNS is submarines a world leader in thanksnaval defence to itsand uniquean innovative industrial means. player in energy. DCNS designs, builds and supports submarines and surface combatants. It also proposesDCNS services is the for naval only shipyards company and bases. in Last the but world not least, to DCNS be offers competent a range of solutions in the construction of both in civil nuclear engineering and marine renewable energy. conventional and nuclear submarines, delivering vessels of between 2,000 tonnes to 14,000 tonnes for navies all around the world. With such a diverse range of submarines, DCNS can meet any and all market requirements.

For more information visit www.dcnsgroup.com design: DCNS corporate communication - photo: DCNS - photo: communication DCNS corporate design: www.dcnsgroup.com AIP AIR INDEPENDENT ­CONVENTIONAL SUBMARINES Air independent ­propulsion (AIP) for conventional submarines­ offers huge ­operational benefits. Today, two competing technologies; the Stirling engine and fuel cells are the base of AIP.

ir-independent propulsion (AIP) is a Atechnology that allows a non-nuclear submarine to operate without access to oxygen from the air. A conventional sub- marine without AIP will normally have the capacity to operate submerged 1-3 days, depending on variables such as speed and operational pattern. After this relatively short time, the submarine will be in need of oxygen supply from the surface. This is done either by going up to the surface or pumping oxygen into the submarine by snorkelling. Both operations represent a high risk of revealing the submarine’s posi- tion. A few decades ago, the possibilities of detecting a submarine´s snorkel coming up of the water were quite limited. But today´s The latest version of the Sterling engine Photo: Kockums modern radars has no problem spotting a football sized snorkel head breaking the water surface, giving away the position of Submarine propulsion The battery capacity will set the standard the submarine below. To reduce the risk of Most conventional submarines today­ for how long a submarine can stay under being detected, the submarine can move have so-called diesel electric pro­pulsion, water before coming up to the surface or away from enemy vessels, hoping to find ­meaning that the submarine has two going up for snorkelling, and starting the a more safe position for snorkelling, for ­different kind engines on board, ­diesel diesel engines for recharging of the batteries. instance hiding behind an islet. But by ­engines and an electric motor that runs With a AIP system onboard, the ­frequently moving away from the theatre, on batteries. A submarine will typically submarine can recharge its batteries while the operational effect of the submarine be using the electrical motor running­ on submerged, and as the acronym tells, in­ is significantly reduced. And even while ­batteries for submerged propulsion. ­Besides dependent of getting air through a snorkel. snorkelling in a distant and more hidden submerged propulsion, the ­batteries and The AIP is normally an ­auxiliary position, the chances of being spotted by the electrical system also provides “hotel ­engine for electricity production and for instance helicopters, is still a risk. services” – ventilation, ­lighting, heating, ­battery charging. The submarine will Conventional submarines with an etc –although this consumes just a small still have the diesel engine on board, for AIP unit, often named AIP submarines, amount of power compared to the required surface propulsion and battery charging have the capacity of staying submerged propulsion at higher speeds. when on the surface or snorkelling. And for a significantly longer period of time. The diesel engine drives a gene­ as a typical diesel engine can provide up Depending on AIP system and operation rator for charging the batteries, when to 3 megawatts­ for battery charging, the variables such as speed and movements, ­running on the surface or during snorkel- AIP unit as of today provides around 10% an AIP submarine can stay submerged for ling. The propulsion motor uses electrical of that. So the diesel­ engine when getting about 18-21 days or more, according to energy from the batteries both in surfaced air for from the ­surface can recharge the open sources. and submerged conditions. ­batteries a lot faster than an AIP unit. But This of course both reduces the The main limitation of a diesel- the AIP unit can provide electricity for risk of the submarine being detected and electric submarine is the need snort to run charging the ­batteries over a much longer brings also the operational capacity of the the diesel engines and the signature it cre- period of time, when the ­submarine is sub- submarine to a whole new level. ates through noise and hot exhaust gases. merged.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 7 AIP

AIP systems Most submarines in planning or under construction today will have an AIP system integrated. But an AIP system can also be retro­ fitted into an existing submarine hull by inserting an additional hull section. This is done by cutting the submarine in two half, adding an approximately 8-9 meters long extra section in the middle. The two ­Swedish Navy´s Södermanland class sub- marines were in 2003-04 cut in two be- hind the sail and given an extra 12 meters section containing two AIP Stirling units. The solution of lengthening the submarine for giving space to an AIP unit has been considered for the Norwegian­ Ula class submarines. But as the Ula class of ­today have a length of 59 meters and beam of 5.9 meters, is has been concluded that an extra 8-9 meters length will give the submarines­ an unfavourable length- beam ratio, that will give a significant ­reduction in the submarines capacity for ­manoeuvring in narrow littoral waters along the Norwegian coastline. Taken in additional account the very high cost of lengthening a submarine, the Norwegian 2nd generation of the DCNS AIP unit being tested Photo: DCNS navy has turned down this alternative.

Saab Kockums Stirling engine in a Stirling Engine, not explosions, like in have been operational in submarines since The Saab Kockums Stirling engine is a Otto or Diesel engine. The Stirling engine 1990. Over this period of time, the system one of the most proven operational AIP reuses its working fluid, as the combustion­ has become smaller and lighter with ­higher ­systems. Kockums bought the Stirling takes place in a separate combustion operational reliability and a significant ­Engine ­patent in 1969 from the Dutch ­chamber. The pressure in the combustion drop in maintenance cost. And while we company ­Phillips, and installed the Stirling chamber is higher than on in the surround- have about a 70% availability on today`s ­engine for the first time in the submarine ing ocean allowing the water vapour and submarines, we expect the new Kockums Näcken in 1988. The Gotland class sub- carbon dioxide produced to be dissolved in A26 submarines that are currently being marines, commissioned by the Swedish the sea cooling water. A combustion ­engine constructed, to have more than 80%. This Navy from 1996 have the system installed needs a permanent supply of oxygen, naturally also means that the life cycle cost from the beginning.­ Today, besides the ­generally through air. The Kockums stirling­ will go down, Wicklander concludes. three Gotland­ Class submarines, Stirling engine uses pure oxygen and standard engines have also been retrofitted into the ­diesel fuel form onboard tanks. Further on, Fuel cell based AIP two older ­Sødermanland class submarines. with continuous combustion, the noise and The other main AIP technology for con- In addition, Japan and Singapore have AIP vibrations from a Stirling engine is almost ventional submarines is based on fuel cells. submarines based on the Stirling engine. zero compared to a diesel engine. A fuel cell converts the chemical Sweden has currently started the construc- The vibrations from Kockums energy from a fuel into electricity through tion of the A26 that will operate a Stirling- ­Stirling engine is so small that we can put a chemical reaction of positively charged based AIP system. So far Sweden is plan- a coin standing upraised on the top of the hydrogen ions with oxygen or another oxi- ning to purchase two A26 submarines. engine while it is running, says Hans Wick- dizing agent. Fuel cells are different from The Stirling Engine is a heat engine lander at Saab Kockums. The reason for batteries in that they require a continuous that operates by cyclic compression and this is the smooth stirling cycle combined source of fuel and oxygen or air to sustain expansion of air or other gas (the ­working with the V4-configuration of the cylinders, the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery gas). Kockums uses helium. Hydrogen double balance shafts and the continuous the chemicals present in the battery react would give better performance, but is not combustion. And when we in addition put with each other to generate an electromo- accepted from a safety point of view. The the whole stirling system in a sound insu- tive force (emf). Fuel cells can produce basic principle of the engine is that when lated module on rubber suspensions, both electricity continuously for as long as these heated, the working fluid in the ­cylinder the noise and vibrations signatures of the inputs are supplied. The first generation of expands its volume and the pressure submarine are reduced to almost zero. Fuel Cell AIP used hydrogen coming from ­created drives a piston. -As of today we have been tanks onboard the submarine. Compared to a diesel engine or a ­developing Stirling engines for submarines Since fuel cells produces ­electricity fuel engine, there is continuous combustion for more than 30 years, and the engines though a chemical reaction, there are no

8 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 AIP

and adds that he is confident that this new generation of AIP represents a techno- logical breakthrough which will definitely meet navies’ operational needs and offers unrivalled capabilities compared with the previous propulsion systems. As of today the system has not yet been installed in any submarine.

Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) Fuel cells have been under develop- ment by thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (­previous Howaldswerk-Deutsche Werft; HDW) in Kiel for more than 25 years. So far 36 ­contracts for submarines equipped with HDW fuel cell AIP system have been concluded with seven navies, including the German navy, Italian navy, Turkish navy, Hellenic navy, Portuguese navy, Israeli navy, and South Korean navy. The HDW AIP system has a maximum power output of approximately 240 kW (the system on board the HDW Class 214 submarines) and the electrical efficiency of the AIP ­system is up to 60%. However, the current HDW AIP Thyssenkrupp Marine systems has chosen methanol as basis for hydrogen production for their next genera- system is based on relatively heavy ­onboard tion fuel cells AIP system. Photo: Thyssenkrupp hydrogen storage. For a sub­marine with a displacement larger than approximately pistons or other “moving parts” in the So far, three Agosta 90B for the 2000 tonnes, and with high AIP power ­actual electricity productions in the fuel Pakistan Navy have been equipped with ­demand, a different solution is ­necessary. cell. This means there is neither noise nor the MESMA® AIP module. Installation of more hydrogen metal vibrations coming from the fuel cell unit. A -The MESMA® AIP is our first ­hydride cylinder for hydrogen ­storages submarine with fuel cell based AIP is there- ­exported AIP, says marketing director would add significantly weight and require fore very silent and hard to detect from ­Xavier Mesnet at DCNS. The MESMA® additional volume. anti-submarine surface vessels. system requires storage of pure oxygen in Based on this, TKMS started to tanks on board the submarine. ­explore the use of fuel cells based onboard Next generation of fuel cells - We decided after MESMA system hydrogen production, based on liquid fuel. Several companies are currently develop- to jump directly to the second generation -In our next generation of AIP ing fuel cell based AIP conventional sub- of Fuel Cell AIP. In our 2nd generation of we have chosen methanol as the basis marines today. AIP, hydrogen is produced on demand. for ­hydrogen production, says Joachim But as of today, the French That means that we don´t need to store Schoenfeld at thyssenkrupp Marine ­company DCNS and German Company pure hydrogen­ on board the submarine. ­Systems. -This is due to the need of storing Thyssen Krupp Marine systems are testing Through a chemical reaction, hydrogen is liquid oxygen (LOX) for the AIP system, out the next generation of fuel cell based produced from diesel oil, so that we do not and the LOX tank is a dominant compo- AIP systems. add any harmful substance, that is all the nent defining system size. Consequently, more important in a confined atmosphere, the oxygen consumption of the AIP ­system DCNS and we considerably increase safety on is very important, and should be kept as DCNS has been working for a long board. We closed on diesel oil as the base low as possible. TKMS has considered time on the air independent propulsion for hydrogen production, as diesel oil is three feed stock for onboard hydrogen ­systems since the Group exported its first easy to get in any port and diesel oil is production, diesel, ethanol and methanol,­ ­MESMA® AIP (MESMA® for ­Module common on board any conventional sub- Schoenfeld explains. -The final choice d’Energie Sous-Marine­ Autonome) in marine. was in favour of methanol due to the the late 1990 for conventional Agosta -In addition, the oxygen for the fuel high hydrogen/carbon­ ratio in methanol, sub­marines. It is essentially a modified cell is mixed with nitrogen, a mixture close ­leading to a high production of hydrogen ­version of their nuclear propulsion system to normal air. By doing this we signifi­ and a relatively low rate of carbon dioxide­ with heat ­being generated by ethanol and cantly reduce the corrosion problem in the which means reduced consumption of ­oxygen. As installed­ on the submarine, a AIP system. ­oxygen. This of course means that an MESMA® system requires adding a new We have been running on shore test AIP system based on methanol produces 8.3 metres (27 ft), 305 tonne hull section on our second generation AIP system for ­relatively high rate of hydrogen, spending to the submarines. quite some time now, Mesnet continues,­ a relatively low rate of oxygen.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 9

NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

N o rw e g i a n D e f e n c e a nd S e c u r i t y I nd u s t r i e s A ss o c i at i o n (FSi) THE LEADING ASSOCIATION IN NORWAY ADVOCATING THE INTERESTS OF ITS SECTOR, AND THE PRIMARY INTERLOCUTOR FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN MATTERS OF IMPORTANCE TO THE INDUSTRY. AFFILIATED WITH THE CONFEDERATION OF NORWEGIAN ENTERPRISE (NHO) AND REPRESENTING MORE THAN 100 COMPANIES

Lederen har ordet: NASJONAL FORSVARSINDUSTRIELL STRATEGI - FORSVARSEVNE OG VERDISKAPNING

Forsvaret er avhengig av industrien for å opprettholde kompetanse på En annen forutsetning for en levedyktig nasjonal forsvarsindustri er ­komplekse sensor- og våpensystemer. Derfor må forholdene legges til rette eksport. Leveranser til utlandet ­sikrer for å sikre at vi kan opprettholde og styrke en nasjonal forsvarsindustri som videreutvikling av teknologi og ­systemer kan levere kosteffektivt materiell som møter Forsvarets krav og understøtte og at industriens kompetanse opp­ materiellet. Det forutsetter at Forsvaret anskaffer fra norsk industri når rettholdes og forblir relevant. Det er en forutsetning for at industrien skal den kan levere, at forsvarsindustrien blir en strategisk partner som sikrer kunne understøtte Forsvaret i krise og ­materiellets tilgjengelighet og relevans i hele levetiden, at anskaffelser til krig. Leveranser til utenlandske kunder Forsvaret fra utlandet sikrer markedsadgang og et stabilt og forutsigbart gir også stordriftsfordeler som bidrar til å redusere Forsvarets driftskostnader regime for eksportkontroll. og til å redusere kostnadene ved opp­ graderinger av materiell. Derfor er I løpet av noen måneder skal Stor­tinget Meldingen bekrefter at norsk fors- varsindustrien yte et viktig bidrag til å eksport av forsvarsmateriell avgjørende behandle både Meld St. nr. 9 (2015 varsindustri styrker forsvarsevnen og bi- ivareta behovet for leveransesikkerhet­ for å ivareta nasjonens vesentlige sikker- – 2016) “Nasjonal forsvarsindustriell drar til å ivareta vesentlige nasjonale sik- og støtte drift og vedlikehold av Fors- hetsinteresser. strategi” og Meld. St. nr. 8 (2015-2016) kerhetsinteresser. Norske forhold krever varets materiell i fred, krise og krig. Det I et internasjonalt forsvarsmarked “Eksport av forsvarsmateriell fra Norge ofte tilpasset materiell for at Forsvaret forutsetter at industrien brukes i den der proteksjonisme er hovedregelen, er i 2014”. Vi forventer at behandlingen skal kunne løse sin viktigste oppgave – daglige driften av Forsvaret. Derfor er det også helt avgjørende at ­Forsvarets gir forsvarsindustrien stabile og forut- å forsvare Norge. Derfor er en nasjonal det på enkelte områder helt nødvendig å anskaffelser i utlandet konsekvent sigbare rammebetingelser som både forsvarsindustri som har kunnskap om foreta et valg mellom åpen internasjonal brukes til å bryte ned handelshindringer sikrer at industrien fortsatt kan bidra norske forhold, og som kan utvikle mate- konkurranse og strategisk samarbeid og sikre markedsadgang for norske til å styrke forsvarsevnen og til å skape riell og systemer som er tilpasset Forsva- mellom Forsvaret og norsk forsvars­ systemer og løsninger, gjennom at det verdier og interessante arbeidsplasser i rets behov, nødvendig for å ivareta nas- industri. Det lar seg ikke gjøre med en stilles krav om forpliktende industri- en høyteknologisk industri som er inter- jonens vesentlige sikkerhetsinteresser. kombinasjon dersom forsvarsindustrien samarbeidsavtaler ved alle store an­ nasjonalt konkurransedyktig. En uforutsigbar sikkerhetspolitisk skal ha en rolle i å understøtte Forsvarets skaffelser til Forsvaret fra utenlandske I stortingsmeldingen om Nasjonal situasjon gjør at leveransesikkerhet drift av materiell og eventuelt militære leverandører. forsvarsindustriell strategi, som ble igjen blir viktig. Oppstår en sikkerhets­ operasjoner. I tillegg til forsvarsevne, bidrar lagt frem i slutten av oktober, legges politisk krise som berører en eller flere Derfor må norsk industri fore- forsvarsindustrien til økonomisk ­vekst, det vekt på at nasjonale løsninger for nasjoner som leverer materiell til Norge, trekkes når Forsvaret skal utvikle og/ arbeidsplasser og industriell utvikling utvikling, produksjon og/eller vedlike- er det sannsynlig at nasjonen det gjelder eller anskaffe­ materiell og systemer som i lokalsamfunn mange steder i Norge. hold av enkelte­ typer kritisk materiell vil ­prioritere egne behov. Det svekker inneholder teknologi og/eller produkter Forsvarsindustrien er en lønnsom er et nødvendig­ tiltak fordi det kan ikke vår forsvarsevne. Derfor er forsvars­ som er definert som en del av nasjo- ­fastlandsbasert høyteknologisk eksport­ forventes at det internasjonale forsvars- industrien også viktig for nasjonal nens vesentlige sikkerhetsinteresser. industri. I en tid da deler av norsk markedet alltid vil være i stand til fullt ut forsyningssikkerhet­ og beredskap. Dette er en forutsetning for at indus- ­industri har store utfordringer, opplever å levere materiell som dekker særegne Innenfor åtte prioriterte teknolo- trien skal kunne fortsette å bidra til å forsvarsindustrien økt etterspørsel og norske behov. Det vil derfor være nød- giske kompetanseområder legger stor­ styrke forsvarsevnen. Uten at dette er økende ordreinngang fra utenlandske vendig å opprettholde og videreutvikle tingsmeldingen opp til å samarbeide en del av rammebetingelsene for norsk kunder. Forutsatt at rammebetingelsene kompetanse innenfor norsk forsvars­ med norsk industri. På disse områdene ­forsvarsindustri, slik det er for andre er på plass, vil det sikre aktivitet og industri på områder av betydning for vår har norsk industri unik kompetanse om ­nasjoners forsvarsindustri, er det ikke ­videre utvikling av industrien i lang tid nasjonale sikkerhet. mye av Forsvarets materiell og be­tydelig mulig å opprettholde nasjonal kompe­ fremover. produksjonskapasitet. Derfor kan fors- tanse og leveransesikkerhet over tid.

P.O. Box 5250 Majorstuen, Tel: + 47 23 08 80 00 E-mail: [email protected] NO- 0303 Oslo. NORWAY Telefax: + 47 23 08 80 18 Internet: www.fsi.no

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 11 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

TECHNOLOGY SEMINAR WITH THE NORWEGIAN SPECIAL ­OPERATION FORCES (SOF)

On the 4th and 5th of November, a Technology Seminar was organised by the FSi, FFI and SOF at the venerable Karljohansvern base in the city of Horten, where some 25 exhibitors from the defence industry had set up stands in the convention section of the seminar.

Text and Photos: Henning Lønn is important, because the Special Operations Forces are uring the seminar the elite and the entrepreneurs D­section, Director of of the Defence, often the very Research­ Espen­ Berg-Knutsen first to try out and besupplied ­ from the FFI, ­discussing how with new equipment and the FFI discussed­ the long- cutting-edge technology. For the lasting cooperation­ with the future, this should be carried Nor­ wegian­ Special Operation forward to the effect that the ­Forces (SOF), not least within SOF must be the early adopters­ materiel aspects. if not the actual originators of Ola Strand, Senior Development Engineer at Techni, located in Borre south - The collaboration with the innovation, Berg-Knutsen of Horten. Techni has evolved from a small recourse centre to a certified subcontractor for the F35 JSF program. the Special Operations Forces concluded.

Nammo, short for Nordic Ammunition Company, is a Norwegian/Finnish aerospace and defence group specialized in production of ammunition, rocket motors and space applications. The company has subsidiaries in Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, the United States and Canada. The company is owned 50/50 by the Norwegian Government represented by the Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries, and the Finnish defence company Patria. The company has its headquarters in Raufoss, Norway. From left Magne Myvang, Jan-Ove Bråthen, Andreas Gaarder, Anne Kathrine Prytz and Helge Stadheim

12 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

David Reeves, Director of International Business Development for Ultralife. Ultralife is organ- Cecilie Dybo presented Axnes Aviation AS. The company has been supplying ised into two business segments: Battery and Energy Products, and Communications Systems. its wireless intercom systems to the industry for almost two decades, and is an Ultralife manufactures batteries using various chemistries including Lithium Manganese EASA Part 21 and Part 145 approved organization. AXNES is an approved Dioxide, Nickel Metal Hydride, Lithium Manganese Oxide, Lithium Polymer, and Lithium supplier to OEMs such as Agusta Westland, Airbus Helicopters, Bell Helicopter Thionyl Chloride among others. Communications Systems harnesses the collective design and and Sikorsky. Axnes Aviation AS was founded in 1995, and is a 100% engineering strengths of two brands acquired via acquisition: AMTI and McDowell Research. privately owned company located in Grimstad, Norway.

Olav Heieren from Vinghøg AS, Presents The Reinmetall 40 mm System Karl Marius Norschau from Norsafe. Norsafe is the global market leader in House. Vinghøg is a subsidiary of Rheinmetall Nordic AS, which has been marine life-saving systems for the merchant and offshore markets. Norsafe has an established player in Scandinavia for over half a century, with some 140 grown rapidly over the past 25 years – from a small Norwegian company into employees at location in Tønsberg. a multinational group, with worldwide presence.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 13 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

THE PROGRAM CONFERENCE FOR LAND, LOGISTICS AND SOLDIER SYSTEMS

This year’s program confernence for land, logistics and soldier systems was held at the Holmen Fjord Hotel in Asker, south of Oslo. The delegate count was around 80, of whom approximately half came from the defence establishment and the Ministry of Defence. Col. Ivar Omstad and Captain Bjørn Hurlen (right). Photo: MilitærTeknikk

rigadier Inge Kampenes defend Norway and assist our the new report takes into con­ Bopened the conference allies. sideration Norway’s relations to with his presentation of the In conclusion, both ­options the European Union’s Defence report entitled “Strategic 1) and 2) will entail that the and Security Directive of 2009, Defence Review” by the Chief Norwegian Defence is rendered and the importance of inter­ of Defence. In drafting this unable to resolve its tasks. For national co-operation. document, the Chief of Defence alternative 3), the Chief of Bjørn Hurlen, Captain in the has based his premises on three Defence has suggested a ­sober Artillery Batallion, explained different economic scenarios for defence structure that is the how the Norwegian firing man- the years ahead: bare minimum required to agement system ODIN was de- 1) zero real growth in the address the current threat veloped for connecting to other defence­ budgets, perception. countries’ artillery systems via 2) an annual growth of Colonel Ivar Omstad from ASCA, a multi-national pro- Brigadier Inge Kampenes presented 0.5% per annum, and the Ministry of Defence pre­sented gramme for integration between the “Perspective Plan for Materiel” 3) the priorities of the Chief of the new Parliamentary Report firing management systems. as well as the “Strategic Defence Defence in the event of on National Defence Industry­ - In the development of Review” by the Chief of Defence. allocations in excess of the Strategy, to replace Parlia­ ODIN, we have devoted a lot of Photo: MilitærTeknikk ­annual growth of 0.5%. mentary Report no. 38, Strat- effort to ensuring that the sys- egy for Business Political Aspects­ tem should be in compliance give credit to the very dedicated The Chief has emphasised­ in Defence Procurements. with NATO standards. This may efforts of the Kongsberg system in his recommendations that The new parliamentary report have added to the demands of programmers for a comendable our security and political continues the intents and pur- the situation at the time, but we job. ­situation has undergone pro- poses carrying forth the sup- are seeing solid returns on the - And when we took part in found changes in recent years. porting elements in the PP38. invested efforts now. the Bold Quest exercise in Texas The key conclusion of the Chief The new report has nevertheless In less than one year, in October, it felt very special of Defence­ based on these been clarified and strengthened we were able to develop supple- to be able to receive firing ­premises is the recommendation in its form, basing its view- mentary software that lets us control data from the systems of in to make a marked upturn in our point on the international de- communicate with our allies. The total seven different nations, efforts, with significant en- velopment as well as national project was carried through fully digital with no voice used, hancement of our ability to secuirty interests. Further to this, ­easily, and I want in this respect to explained Hurlen in closing.

14 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN RADAR PROJECT

NORWEGIAN DEFENCE IN THE CLOSING STAGES OF THE RADAR PROJECT The process to procure new air surveillance­ radars enters its next phase when the ­Defence before Christmas submits its recom- mendation to the Ministry of Defence for the next stage in the relay. The Air Force is expecting the matter to be submitted before the Parliament around the beginning of 2016. The systems to be chosen will remain in operation until well into the 2020’s. Portable radars are heading up the wish list. They will increase survivability, while at the same time improving surveillance quality. Portable radars are the new trend in Europe.

Text: Tor Husby

orway has a number of air surveillance sensors that are - Nfast approaching the end of their effective lifespan. We need replacements for these, in order to carry forward into the future the ability to perform air surveillance 24/7, 365 days a year for Norway and adjacent regions. The threat perception has changed since the old system entered operation. The Air Force demands of the new radars that they must ‘see’ better than the old ones, detecting anything that moves in the air space, be it slow drones or hypersonic missiles flying high or low, stealthy or not, says Colonel Torgeir Berg, head of the Air Force develop- ment division.

Green light soon The Air Force is coming up on the final stretch. A procurement solution describing several alternative options will this autumn be submitted to the Ministry of Defence, where a green light for one of the solutions is expected. The exact number of radar ­sensors needed by the Defence is yet to be clarified. The ­Defence

16 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 NORWEGIAN RADAR PROJECT

NEW CHALLENGES FOR NOR­ WEGIAN AIR WARNING RADARS

The story about the Norwegian air warning radars reads almost like the story of the F-16. On the outside, not much FFI ­Project has changed, while the inside has been uprated and renewed Manager­ ­Karl-Erik Olsen a number of times. Now, however, it is time for the entire system to be replaced. The comparison is presented by FFI`s Project Manager, Karl-Erik Olsen.

Logistics Organisation, FLO, will be tasked with looking into which suppliers can meet Text and photo: Tor Husby – Suddenly, you have radar ­systems the Defence requirements at what costs. It capable of simultaneous multitasking, will be an open competitive bid. he project manager considers that the where detection and target tracking is The new air warning radars of Ttasks expecting the new radars are some ­being performed by the same system. But the Defence will form a part of the inte- 50 times greater than what for example the even with the added flexibility, we are not grated NATO air warning chain, which German air defence radars are faced with. expecting any quantum leaps, Karl-Erik may be viewed as NATO’s valiant air The radar systems of both these ­countries Olsen opines. watch. ­Radars are just a part of the system, are surveying the same approximate though. The warning chain also comprises ­geographical volume. But where Germany is Lacking collaboration of ­communications and link solutions as compact and fairly flat, Norway is elongated When focus is shifted from technology to well as ­command sites. The introduction and mountainous with many deep fjords. society, what becomes apparent is a lack of of NATO’s­ new Air Command and Control­ The highest elevation of the ­Defence radar collaboration between the civilian systems System (ACCS) is yet another new upgrade installations is some 1000 meters. All in all, operated by Avinor and Luftfartsverket on in the process of being implemented. this creates a different set of ­challenges for one side, and the Air Force systems on The nations of the Alliance may be using us. Fortunately, both nations are integrated the other side. Society nowadays expects ­different sensors while they all contribute in the NATO air defence.­ more extensive collaboration. One further to building an airspace image. The current dimension is that the European Union is trend in Europe is to use mobile air surveil- New dynamics currently in a process of reorganising all air lance radars. Furthermore, a whole new dynamic aspect­ transport. The Norwegian air traffic agency has been raised on the military side in – All in all, we are seeing a whole Avinor, with whom the Defence enjoys the discovery of airborne objects. The new world that the new radars will be good co-operation, has ‘secondary’ radars. new ­radar systems must be able to de- ­required to handle in a positive manner, But the Defence has a need of seeing even tect anything­ from small model aircraft- says the project manager from FFI. those aerial vehicles who would prefer to like drones flying at virtually walking The function of the Norwegian remain unseen. speed, up to fast and high flying fighter Defence Research Establishment FFI is to - The control and warning system aircraft and ballistic missiles coming in provide the Defence with the sufficient (K&V) is in a state of readiness all day at speeds well over supersonic. And all overview in order to make the optimum and night, all year. In the same manner as the while, stealth is becoming more and decisions. In this capacity, Karl-Erik Olsen we have a Coast Guard at sea, and Border more common.­ ­Different objects produce has been ‘hunting high and low’, but in ­patrols on land, the K&V system keeps different radar­ images. Interpreting them the normal order of things, the FFI does a continuous watch over Norwegian air ­requires ­abundant time and resources. not seek out the industry. It is the Defence space. Which it must continue to do into The huge amounts of data are producing Logistics Organisation, FLO, that conducts the future, using new and modern sensors. a continuous­ bottleneck. But is there a the market investigations. In total, there This is the most important, Col. Torgeir need for all these data? Technology is pro­ are more than 10 relevant manufacturers Berg emphasises. gressing in two different directions. to choose from.

Sindre II is the newest of the existing radars and has lifetime expectancy until about 2030. The ­picture ­displays the Sindre II radar at a mountain top at the island of Senja in Northern Norway. When under ­attack, the radar can be lowered into a mountain hall beneath the radar. Photo: FMS

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 17 NORWEGIAN RADAR PROJECT

with air defence, and there may be RADAR RENEWAL VALUED AT ­opportunities for integration of the radars with air ­defence, air command and ­control. ­APPROXIMATELY 2.5 BILLION NOK Norway comprises­ one of the world’s most competent air defence communities­ In the autumn of 2014, the Norwegian Government came to a at Kongsberg, and nothing will be more decision on the continuation of military air space surveillance, ­natural than to utilise this competence with the stipulation that ground-based radar was the best alterna- in relation to the radar ­project. There is also a radar ­development environment­ tive. The project is still in the defining stages, and it is expected at ­Halden that may contribute,­ says Tor- that the project will be presented to the Parliament in 2016. The bjørn ­Svensgård, current leader of the renewal of the radar network has an estimated contract value of ­Norwegian Defence and Security ­Industries approximately 2.5 billion NOK (260 million euro). Association­ (FSI). Exactly what role will be played by the industry will in the final event be Text and photo: Tor Husby the sensors are suffering from old age, soon ­dependent on which suppliers will be becoming impossible to maintain within selected. If the delivery is sourced from he choice will be made in close co- reasonable cost constraints. This does abroad, we will be looking for an industry­ Toperation with the Norwegian Defence nevertheless­ not preclude the possibility agreement that will provide Norwegian Research Establishment (FFI). A possibility of selected updates and spare part ­industry with market access. is a joint Nordic procurement under the procurements in order to keep the system – To the best of my knowledge, direction of NORDEFCO, the Nordic operational until 2024-26. The newest of Norwegian industry is not tasked with ma- Defence Co-operation.­ Co-operation with the existing radars, of the Sindre II type, jor assignments relative to the maintenance other countries­ remains an open opportunity. have a lifetime expectancy until about 2030. of the current radar systems. What will be A period of two years is expected from the case for the next generation, will de- contract signature until delivery, dependent Ears buttoned pend on what operations and maintenance on the level of ambition, including the Any Air Force procurement project to the concept the Defence opts for, and naturally ­number of sensors, their type and location. tune of 2.5 billion NOK will ­always be on which radar types we buy. Until this is The renewal of the radar system is met with keen interest from the ­defence clear, it is not possible to voice any firm becoming necessary because a majority of ­industry. The radars have an association­ opinions on ths subject, says Svensgård.

18 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

– B u ll e t i n B o a r d f o r D e f e n c e , I nd u s t ry a nd T r a d e –

Four more F-16 Fighting Falcons to Egypt The Egyptian Air Force has major modification block of ­received four F-16 Fighting the F-16 that incorporates Falcon fighter jets form the US, ­colour cockpit displays, a further enhancing the country’s new electronic­ warfare suite, warfare capabilities. ­advanced weapons and sensors Lockheed Martin-built F-16 and more powerful engines. A Venezuelan Su-30MK2 Photo: André Austin Du-Pont Rocha Fighting Falcon is a multirole In July, the US delivered jet fighter, designed initially as eight F-16 Block 52 aircraft to an air superiority day ­fighter, Egypt. Venezuela to buy Sukhoi aircraft which later evolved into a The US has announced ­successful all-weather multirole $1.3bn commitment to Egypt from Russia aircraft for accurate delivery of this year in a latest contribution Venezuela has reportedly al- Powered by two AL-31F­ ordnance during non-visual to its strategic partnership with located $480m for its Sukhoi turbo­fan engines, the bombing conditions. Egypt that has continued for aircraft programme, moving ­Su-30MK2 is an upgraded Block 50 / 52 is the eighth more than 30 years. a step ahead to strengthen the ­version of the Su-30 fighter, country’s­ airspace. and is designed to conduct air- In September, Venezuela to-air and air-to-surface deep president Nicolas Maduro an- interdiction missions in all- Thailand’s first Black Widow nounced that the country will weather conditions. buy at least 12 new Su-30MK2 Equipped with an im- ­Spider armoured car fighters for its armed forces from proved fire-control system and Thailand’s Defence Technology both land and water. Russia. an air-to-air and air-to-surface Institute (DTI) has presented It can accommodate a squad The new Sukhoi aircraft will weapon suite, the aircraft can the first Black Widow Spider of 12, and is capable of crossing expand the 23-aircraft fleet that also be used for pilot training 8x8 armoured car. steep and sloping terrain. currently in service with the missions. The armoured car is said to DTI claims the Black ­Widow country’s force. The aircraft also features an meet Natro specifications, and is resistant to small arms and According to the Centre for improved fire-control system was developed by DTI and the .57 calibre machine gun fire. Analysis of World Arms Trade, that enables enhanced surface- National Metal and Materials Fitted with a V-shaped Venezuela is expected to become target detection capabilities Technology Centre, along with monocoque hull and ­suspended the second largest importer of and an air-to-air and air-to- other private organisations. seats, the Black Widow can ­carry Russian weapons and military surface weapon suite, with the Built for the Royal Thai a range of payloads, turrets and equipment between 2012 and ordnance mounted on 12 hard- Army, the Black Widow is counter-measures in various 2015, Sputnik News reported. points. equipped with a 30mm machine­ operating­ environments. gun, which can be operated on Maintenance support for ­Sweden’s Gripen aircraft The Swedish Defence Materiel­ The company will offer­ Administration (FMV) has ­support and maintenance awarded a SEK154m ($17.8m) ­operations with a focus on contract to Saab to provide ­technical support, publications ­support and maintenance for and component­ maintenance to Gripen aircraft. support the continued opera- Saab signed a contract in tion of Gripen. 2012 with FMV for perfor- The 2012 contract in- mance-based support and cludes options for additional maintenance of the Gripen orders up to a maximum value fighter and the new contract is of SEK1.37bn ($158m) to the an exercise of an option held ­period ending in December DTI developed Black Widow Spider for the Royal Thai Army. Photo: Ricardo under that contract. next year.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 19 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Nammo awarded M141 BDM Delivery Order Nammo Talley, Inc. awarded de­livery in December 2016. delivery order for production of ­Maximum value of the multi- M141 Bunker Defeat Munition year contract is $567 million­ (BDM). USD but actual value will de- On September 23, Nammo pend on the total quantity of was awarded Delivery Order 19 rounds supplied. The Republic of Korea Army will receive 36 AH-64E Apache helicopters by 2018. Photo: US Army to the indefinite delivery / indef- M141 BDM is a direct fire, inite quantity (ID/IQ) ­contract man-portable infantry assault to produce the M141 Bunker weapon comprised of a dispos- South Korean Army’s first ­AH-64E Defeat Munition. Work will be able launcher and an 83mm Apache attack helicopters completed in Mesa, Arizona high explosive dual purpose and Salt Lake City, Utah with round. South Korea’s Defense Acquisi- supply the army with AH-64E tion Procurement Administra- Apache helicopters. tion (DAPA) has reportedly an- Awarded by DAPA, the M109A7 production contract nounced the rollout of Boeing’s ­contract covered the delivery AH-64 Apache attack helicop- of 36 helicopters, along with from US Army ters for the Republic of Korea training and logistical support BAE Systems has won a self-propelled howitzer, for- (ROK) Army. to enhance the army’s aerial fire- $245.3m low-rate initial pro- merly known as the paladin DAPA officials said thatpower, from 2016. duction (LRIP) contract from integrated management (PIM) the US Army will conduct test Known as Guardian, the the US Army to continue build- programme. flights before delivering the AH-64E is a heavily armed he- ing the M109A7 self-propelled Incorporating a new ­helicopters to South Korea in licopter. It features powerful, howitzer (SPH) and M992A3 ­chassis, engine, transmission, early 2016. fuel-efficient T700-GE-701Dammunition carrier. ­suspension and steering system, Speaking to Yonhap, DAPA engines, enhanced rotor blade The contract is for a second the updated vehicle is expected aviation business team head technology and electronics, option year to produce an addi- to provide armoured brigade Baek Yoon-hyeong said: “The as well as improved aircraft tional 30 vehicle sets. The army combat teams with a respon- Apache Guardian will greatly ­handling, performance and has a total acquisition objective sive, indirect fire system that contribute to the strengthening ­agility at higher altitudes. of 580 sets. can keep pace with the Abrams of our military’s combat capa­ Designed to replace the BAE Systems artillery and tank and Bradleys on the battle- bility by replacing aging heli- ­army’s existing AH-64D Long- Bradley programmes director field. copters currently in operation.” bow fleet, the helicopter also Adam Zarfoss said: “The success BAE Systems will deliver The ROK Army has been features a joint tactical radio of this programme is directly at- a total of 66 vehicle sets, plus operating an ageing fleet of Bell system, as well as electro-optical­ tributable to the partnership be- one additional SPH and associ- AH-1S Cobra helicopters for and infrared (EO/IR) sensors tween the army and BAE Systems. ated kits, spares, and technical attack­ missions. to improve pilots’ situational The M109A7 will replace documentation, to complete the In April 2013, Boeing awareness, and an oversea the US army’s existing M109A6 LRIP phase. was awarded an estimated ­capacity, enabling for potential KRW1.8tn ($1.6bn) foreign strikes on smaller ships. military sales (FMS) contract to

World premiere for Nammo’s new 40 mm x 53 High Velocity Airburst ammunition Nammo is celebrating its ­latest tives from special operations success in its urban combat forces from 20 countries. ­solutions offering, following During the demonstration a the demonstration of its new new Manual Programming Unit 40 mm x 53 HEDP-RF Airburst (MPU) was also used for the ammunition. first time. Available to 40 mm The demonstration took ­Automatic Grenade Launcher place during the Aimpoint Live (AGL) operators worldwide, Fire Days at Ravlunda Range in the MPU enables a quicker re- The US Army took delivery of the first low-rate initial production M109A7 Sweden in front of representa- sponse and increased lethality. ­self-propelled howitzer in April. Photo: BAE Systems

20 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

A-29 Super Tucano for Lebanon Airborne Surveillance Systems for UAE The Republic of Lebanon today be fulfilled by other parties not confirmed the acquisition of six involved in the Embraer/SNC Saab has signed a contract The new SRSS for the UAE A-29 Super Tucano turboprop partnership. The planes, which with the United Arab Emirates uses the Global 6000 aircraft from aircraft from Embraer Defense & are currently in operation with (UAE) to expand and enhance Bombardier as a platform. The Security and Sierra Nevada Cor- 10 Air Forces around the world, the Emirates’ airborne surveil- Swing Role Surveillance System poration. The contract includes will be built in the Jacksonville, lance capabilities. Saab will de- is capable of simultaneous de- logistics support for aircraft Florida. liver a new airborne Swing Role tection and tracking of multiple operation as well as a complete The A-29 Super Tucano ­Surveillance System (SRSS) targets in the air, on land and at training system for Lebanese Air is a durable, versatile and incorporating a new version of sea. It is the latest evolution of the Force pilots and mechanics. ­powerful turboprop aircraft the Saab Erieye radar system. Erieye system that incorporates The aircraft sale is part of capable of carrying out a wide The order value amounts to ap- Saab’s many decades of radar a larger, more comprehensive range of light air support (LAS) proximately USD1.27 billion. ­capabilities across all domains. package, including infrastruc- ­missions, even operating from ture improvements, that will unimproved runways.

A US Super Tucano flying over Moody Air Force Base as part of training pro- Art impression of an UAE Erieye on a Global 6000 aircraft from Bombardier gram for the Afghan pilots. Photo: US Air Force Ill. Cavok/ Saab

Rollout for the first CV 90 mine French Air Force’s ­helicopter clearing vehicle ­completes first operational Out of the total of 144 CV90 first rollout of the CV90 Sting ­in-flight refuelling ­armoured attack vehicles that mine clearing vehicle was ready, are in coming to the defence, and the time frame calls for all The French Air Force has According to French AF, 34 vehicles will be refitted for ­vehicles to be complete by the achieved a milestone after a the vastness of the Sahel ­desert special functions, including six end of the year 2017. US Marine Corps (USAMC) and the long distances are for engineering support, 16 as RITEK was founded in 2003 ­KC-130 tanker refuelled its ­becoming logistical challenges multi-role configuration ve- by former employees of the ­Caracal aircraft, marking the for the ­airmobile force that is hicles, and two driver training Technical Defence Workshop first operational in-flight refuel- supporting the troops deployed vehicles. in Levanger, currently engaged ling of the French helicopter. on combat operations on the The refitting of the vehicles is in assignments for the Defence The latest development saw ground. being done by the company as well as civilian customers. a USMC C-130 Hercules trans- However, in-flight refuelling RITEK in the Mid-Norwegian RITEK has increased its turn- port aircraft refuelling a Cara- of helicopters overcomes much section of Trøndelag, with a over substantially following the cal EC725 helicopter, which of these limitations. cost framework of some 250- CV90 contract, and has a work belonged to the 1/67 ‘Pyrénées’ 300 MNOK. In September, the force of 50 persons as of today. squadron, in Africa.

A C-130 Hercules aircraft refuels a French Caracal helicopter in Africa. CV90 mine clearer Photo: MacLein Fotdddo & Design Photo: French Ministry of Defense

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 21 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

First Airbus Helicopters final RBS 70 Missiles for Latvia ­assembly line in China Saab has received an order training and associated equip- for RBS 70 missiles from the ment plus an option for addi- Historic partnership paves the signing ceremony. This LOI also ­Ministry of Defence of the tional orders. way for the establishment of an includes a commitment by the ­Republic of Latvia. Deliveries­ .The Saab portfolio of short- H135 final assembly line and a Chinese party for 100 H135s to will take place during the period­ range ground-based air defence comprehensive industrial hub be assembled in the future FAL 2015-2016. missile systems includes the in China. in China over the next 10 years. Latvia has been an RBS 70 RBS 70 and the further en- • Sino-German Ecopark, The H135 is one of the most system customer since 2004. hanced RBS 70 NG. The RBS 70 located in Qingdao, Shandong popular light twin-engine heli- This order for missiles is part system has an impressive track- province, makes commitment copters in China currently, per- of Latvia’s long-term plan to record on the market with more to acquire 100 H135s to be pro- forming mainly helicopter emer- ­further increase its air defence than 1,600 launchers and over duced locally over the next 10 gency medical services (HEMS) capabilities.The contract in- 17,000 missiles delivered to years for Chinese general avia- and police missions. With the cludes the delivery of missiles, nineteen countries. tion needs. expected increase in civil and • Airbus Helicopters con- parapublic services demand for solidates its position as the lead- helicopters as China’s general ing helicopter manufacturer in aviation market continues to ex- A Letter of Intent (LOI) pand, the set up of the H135 for the establishment of a final FAL is a timely development. ­assembly line (FAL) of Airbus Airbus Helicopters has de- Helicopters’ H135 in China livered nearly 1,200 helicopters was signed by Yao ­Yixian, the of the H135-family to custom- Sino-German Ecopark Deputy ers around the globe, which General Manager and Wolfgang have logged more than 3 mil- Schoder, Airbus ­Helicopters lion flight hours. One-quarter Deutschland CEO in Hefei,­ of this total fleet is deployed for Anhui­ Province. Chinese­ HEMS duties. ­Premier Li Keqiang and the The Chinese market is ex- visiting German Chancellor pected to need 3000-5000 heli- Angela Merkel witnessed the copters in the next 20 years. Night firing with RBS 70 Photo: Saab

Protected military trucks to the Bundeswehr

Iveco Defence Vehicles an- GTF-procurement-project of been extensively fielded in These sales successes with nounces the German Bundes­ the ­German Army. operational­ theatres. the German Army are the wehr – represented by All vehicles will be supplied Recent contract awards with ­latest in a series of achieve- BAAINBw (Federal Officewith a protected cab which the Bundeswehr also include ments for this durable, highly of Bundeswehr Equipment, ­currently offers among the 115 heavy ISO-container-trans- reliable range of trucks, which ­Information Technology and ­best-in-class levels of ballistic, port-trucks with air suspension, has been procured in ­different In-­ Service­ Support)­ - and mine and IED protection. These based on the new Trakker 6x6 ­configurations by defence ­Iveco Defence Vehicles signed a cabs also provide the users with in militarized Euro VI version ­forces across Europe, including ­contract for the supply­ of 133 a high level of crew comfort and for Medical Emergency Hospi- Switzer­land, the UK, Poland, Trakker trucks to be delivered are designed to accommodate tals (MSE System) with deliver- Spain and Italy. in 2016 - 2019. The tender a variety of modern military ies starting in Q4/2015. invitation was issued in 2014 ­communication and command and resulted in the ­selection of systems. Iveco Defence Vehicles,­ whose Over the last decade, Iveco bid was rated as the best in both Defence Vehicles has delivered technical and economic terms. nearly 1000 vehicles from its The contract comprises­ wide product range (4x2, 4x4, 8x8 vehicles from Iveco’s 6x2, 6x4, 6x6 and 8x8) to the ­militarized Trakker range of German Army, including 250 trucks, which will be supplied protected and unprotected in five ­different configurations ­customised heavy trucks from including ­various types of ISO- the Trakker range in different container-transport body work, configurations (e.g. GTF 8x8, some with hydraulic crane and TEP-90, STW-8x8, Tipper-8x8- winch systems, and represents FSA, Tractor-6x6-FSA and the next step in the so called FTW-6x4), which have already Iveco´s Trakker truck Photo: Iveco

22 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Advanced Mobile Camouflage Patria to supply NH90 spare ­Systems parts for Swedish and Finnish

Saab has received an order AJAX platforms to the British Armed Forces from General Dynamics UK to Army. The vehicle platforms Patria Helicopters AB, has form provider, that also provides ­provide Mobile Camouflagewill be delivered to the British signed an agreement to supply Maintenance Repair­ and Over- Systems for the AJAX, formerly Army from 2017 through 2024. NH90 spare parts for ­Swedish haul (MRO) services for Nordic Scout programme. Deliveries The contract between Saab and Armed Forces. The order is NH90 customers. are planned until 2022. General Dynamics UK covers valued approximately­ EUR 9.1 Patria Helicopters AB is The order for the Saab MCS systems for the first batch ­million. Patria has likewise won as well an authorized service ­Mobile Camouflage Systemof vehicles to be acquired from ­recently several NH90 spare part ­center for AgustaWestland, (MCS) is part of a September­ the 589 total. orders from ­Finnish ­Defence ­Airbus Helicopters and Bell 2014 contract awarded to The AJAX programme Forces. As an NH Industries­ ­Helicopter and is a part of Patria­ ­General Dynamics UK by the ­represents the future of (NHI) Authorized­ Nordic NH90 group, a trusted provider of UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) ­Armoured Fighting Vehicles ­Service ­Center in ­Finland, ­defence, security and aviation covering the delivery of 589 (AFVs) for the British Army. ­Sweden, and ­Norway, Patria is life cycle support services and a comprehensive logistic­ plat- technology solutions.

India test-fires Agni-IV strategic First Storm Shadow missile ballistic missile ­successfully released from a The Indian Army’s Strategic Forces for in-flight disturbances. Command (SFA) has successfully A ring laser inertial navigation ­Eurofighter Typhoon test-fired Agni-IV, the nuclear- system (RINS) and micro naviga- A Eurofighter Typhoon Instru- to deploy multiple weapons at capable strategic ballistic missile, tion system (MINGS) enable the mented Production Aircraft a very long range well clear of from Abdul Kalam Island. missile to reach its target within (IPA) has successfully com­ danger from air defences. Storm As part of a user trial, the two-digit accuracy. pleted a release of the MBDA Shadow, already in service with ­missile was flight-tested from The missile’s heat shield Storm Shadow, convention- the Italian Air Force, Royal Air launch complex-4 of the island’s can withstand temperatures of ally armed, stealthy, long-range Force and others, is a long range integrated test range (ITR). around 4,000°C, allowing inte- stand-off precision missile. weapon system designed to The surface-to-surface Agni- rior avionics to function normally The integration of the neutralise high value, hardened IV missile is a two-stage weapon at a temperature less than 50°C. ­missile with the aircraft’s or buried targets. system, which can hit a target at a In December 2014, the army ­weapon ­system was success- The new weapons system distance of 4,000km. successfully conducted the first fully ­demonstrated. The trials will add the capability to strike The 20m-long missile weighs user trial of the Agni-IV from also verified the interface of in day or night in all-weather 17t, and is installed with a fifth- Wheeler Island. the missile­ with the weapon conditions, well-defended infra­- generation on-board computer In April, SFA successfully system for pre-launch checks, structure targets such as port and distributed architecture. test launched the nuclear-capable demonstrated post-launch safe facilities, control centres, The Agni-IV missile includes Agni-III surface-to-surface missile separation and the subsequent ­bunkers, missile sites, airfields guidance and correction features ­commencement of missile and bridges that would other- flight. wise require several aircraft and Storm Shadow provides a missions. This is a new addition Upgraded Training Capability to significant leap in the Euro­ to the Eurofighter Typhoon’s fighter Typhoon’s operational ca- potent simultaneous multi-role/ the Bulgarian Armed Forces pabilities, enabling the platform swing-role capabilities. Saab Defense and Security USA, hardware will be integrated into LLC (SDAS) has signed a ­contract the Bulgarian Armed Forces with the U.S. Army ­Program Ex- ­existing training systems. ecutive Office for Simulation, “We are honored to have Training and Instrumentation been selected by the U.S. Army (PEO STRI) to produce and field Foreign Military Sales office and an upgrade and expansion to the Bulgarian Armed Forces for its previously fielded live train- a delivery of this nature,” said ing equipment for the Bulgarian Cyndi Turner, Vice President and Armed Forces (BAF). General Manager for the Train- Saab Defense and Security ing and Simulation business USA’s Training and Simulation unit at SDAS. “This contract is unit is responsible for delivery important in that it increases the of the new and upgraded equip- training capability of our NATO Powered by a turbo-jet engine, with a range in excess of 250 km, the Storm ment. The Deployable Instru- allies and helps garner strength Shadow missile weighs approximately 1.300 kg and is just over 5 metres long. mented Training System (DITS) and stability in Eastern Europe.” Photo: Eurofighter

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 23 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

First order for Carl-Gustaf M4 Saab and Naval Shipyard partner Saab has received the first order The M4 also compatible for Polish Navy’s Orka submarine for the new Carl-Gustaf M4 sys- with future battlefield techno­ tem from the armed forces of the logy developments such as programme Slovak Republic. Deliveries are ex- ­intelligent sighting systems Saab has agreed to jointly attack vessels, thereby provid- pected to take place during 2016. and programmable ammuni- work with the Naval Ship- ing the force with an effective The Carl-Gustaf M4 made tion. Now Slovakia has become yard in Gdynia, Poland, to long-range strike capability for its market debut in late 2014. the launch customer for the ­provide naval solutions for the sea and land engagement. It has all the effectiveness and ­next-generation M4 system. ­Polish Navy’s Orka submarine The navy recently selected versatility of the proven Carl- In addition, the Carl-Gustaf programme.­ Saab’s Double Eagle MCM sys- Gustaf system but its improved, M4 system have been acquired The Polish Navy’s Orka tem for its newly built mine lightweight design (weighing by two other un­disclosed submarine programme is a hunting ship, the Kormoran II. only about 7 kg) offers signifi- ­countries for evaluation/­­modernisation project that Naval Shipyard, which is a cant mobility improvements to qualification purposes. includes the construction of long-term partner for the Pol- the soldier. ­several new classes of ships, and ish Navy, recently performed plans for the country to obtain several complex shipbuilding three submarines. projects including the produc- France requests sale of Hellfire The new submarines will tion of vessels, superstructures missiles replace the navy’s four Kobben- and hulls for a number of inter- class boats and the single Proj- national clients. The US Defense Security Co- collateral damage. ect 877E submarine ORP Orzel. It is also involved in the operation Agency (DSCA) has Manufactured at Lock- Saab will supply RBS15 production of the Polish Navy’s notified Congress of a potential heed’s facility in Alabama, Mk3 missiles and Sea Giraffe new patrol vessel, Slazak. foreign military sale (FMS) of US, the AGM-114 Hellfire is a radars for the Polish Navy’s fast Hellfire missiles to France. precision-strike, multipurpose, Under the estimated $30m air-to-ground missile system. sale, France has requested the It is primarily designed to pro- supply of 200 AGM-114K1A vide anti-armour capability for Hellfire missiles, missile­attack helicopters against a wide New Copernicus contract for ­conversion kits, blast fragmen- range of targets. Kongsberg Satellite Services tation sleeves, installation kits, The 100lb missile is containers and transportation. equipped with semi-active laser Kongsberg Satellite Services The first satellite, Sentinel- There has been no principal seekers, and can be locked on (KSAT) has signed an expanded 1a, is a radar satellite especially contractor for the sale of the before or after launch for in- satellite support contract with a important to Norway since it is missiles, which would be taken creased platform survivability. total value of 205 MNOK (21,8 used in maritime surveillance in from US Army stock. In June, the US approved MEUR) with the European the northern areas. Data from The missiles will help meet the $146m sale of AGM-114 Space Agency for the Sentinel­ this satellite can improve the France’s operational require- Hellfire II missiles to Lebanon. satellites in the Copernicus safety and preparedness in the ments for a precision-guided The Lebanese Govern- program.­ area. The satellite is used in tactical missile used by its Tigre ment requested 1,000 missiles, KSAT has signed an operational services related to attack helicopter. along with spare and repair ­expanded and extended con- oil-spill monitoring, as well as The missiles will support parts, support­ and training tract for ground station support ice- and ship detection. It con- French forces currently ope­ equipment, publications and to the European Copernicus stitutes a very efficient tool for rating in Mali and Northern technical documentation, per- program. KSAT are to build and Norway’s situational awareness Africa, where they will be able sonnel training, logistics and operate a new station in Inuvik in the northern most areas. Sen- to engage targets with minimal programme support. in Canada, in addition to the tinel-2a, which supplies infor- activities at Svalbard. KSAT is mation for forest- and land pur- the main supplier of ground poses, will also use the station. station support for the EU-lead KSAT is providing services program for climate and en- from its ground station on Sval- vironmental monitoring, Co- bard, Norway, and from Inuvik in pernicus. KSAT is responsible Canada from 2016. The antenna for data collection from the six installations are controlled from Sentinel satellites, and delivery the Tromsø Network Operation of payload data to the relevant Center (TNOC), located by the European organisations. KSAT company head office in Tromsø, has signed framework agree- Norway. The contract reinforces ments related to this program KSAT’s position as the world lead- with a total value of 68 MEUR. ing provider of services related to The AGM-114 Hellfire missiles loaded on a US Marine Corps AH-1W Super The duration of the contracts is satellite data reception and con- Cobra helicopter. Photo: Looper 5920 3 to 5 years. trol for satellites in polar orbit.

24 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

RBS15 test-fired by the he US Order For Carl-Gustaf Croatian Navy ­Ammunition

During a military exercise in the its land-based launchers. The Saab has received an ammu- The order comes under Adriatic Sea, the Croatian Navy ­October firing was conducted nition order from US Special the terms of Saab’s framework has successfully test-fired a Saab by a vessel of the Croatian Navy. Operations Command (US- contract announced with US- RBS15 anti-ship missile from a The firing was part of the SOCOM) for the Carl-Gustaf SOCOM in August 2014 for the naval vessel. wider Exercise Joint Force 15, man-portable weapon system, 84-mm recoilless rifle system. The Croatian Navy has which was held in the Eugen known in the US as MAAWS. Deliveries are expected to take ­conducted its second firing Kvaternik military training area, place during 2015 and 2016. this year of an RBS15 anti-ship Slunj, and on the naval ranges ­missile. The test took place at at Dugi otok. The missile was the beginning of October in fired from the Kralj-class missile A400 M completes grass runway the waters off Dugi otok in the boat Dmitar Zvonimir. It was Adriatic Sea. Earlier this year, Croatia´s first firing of an RBS15 testing in May, Croatia conducted an from a warship since 1994. Airbus Defence and Space has The latest test followed the RBS15 test firing from one of successfully completed certi- successful gravel surface tests fication testing of its A400M at Ablitas in Spain earlier. The new generation airlifter on a company is now planning to grass runway at the airfield of test the aircraft on sand surfaces ­Écury-sur-Coole in France. next year. The test, which used the de- The A400M Atlas trans- velopment aircraft MSN2, was port aircraft is a multi-nation- completed over a three week pe- al ­military transport aircraft riod on the 1,500m strip. It ex- ­designed to serve as a tactical amined the aircraft’s behaviour on airlifter with strategic capa­ grass and natural soil runways. bilities.

The RBS15 in its latest version, the RBS15 Mk3, surface-launched missile that can be integrated on ships, land batteries and mobile launchers. It is also in service as an air-launched weapon that is integrated on the Gripen fighter and compatible with other NATO aircraft. Photo: Saab

Boeing, Lockheed file protest to review USAF’s LRS-B contract to Northrop A formal protest has been filed Grumman for the production of by Boeing and Lockheed Martin new LRS-B, in a bid to replace the over the US Air Force’s (USAF) air force’s aging fleet of bombers. decision to award the Long Range The new long-range, high- Strike-Bomber (LRS-B) contract ly survivable bomber will be to Northrop Grumman. ­capable of penetrating and ope­ Both the companies, which rating in the future anti-access, believe the selection process to area denial environment, with its be fundamentally flawed, have capability to strike any target, any requested the US Government time around the globe. Accountability Office (GAO) to The new system will have an review the decision to award the open architecture that will allow­ LRS-B contract. integration of new techno­logy According to Boeing and and timely response to future Lockheed, the cost evaluation threats across the full range of performed by the government military operations. did not properly reward the Moreover, this open architec- ­contractors’ proposals. ture will offer the opportunity to Last month, the USAF retain competition across the life- ­awarded a contract to Northrop cycle of the programme.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 25 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Nammo awarded Shoulder New Barracuda Mobile Camou- Launched Munitions contract flage Systems For Urban Warfare

Nammo Talley, Inc. was Funding and work location will Saab presents new configura- multi-purpose covering with ­awarded an important contract be determined with each order, tions for the Barracuda Mobile optimised colours, designs and for production and delivery of with an estimated completion Camouflage System (MCS). properties for all environments. ammunition for the Shoulder- date of Sept. 10, 2020. The demand for advanced It enhances survivability, sustain- Launched Multipurpose Assault SMAW is a direct fire, signature management during ability and logistics of vehicles Weapon system. man-portable­ infantry assault­ operations in urban environ- and equipment, while all the time On September 10, Nammo­ system comprised of a crew ments is constantly growing. providing a ‘stealth’ or masking was awarded an indefiniteserved Mk 153 reusable Now Saab presents a new con- capability in the visual, near- ­delivery / indefinite quantity ­launcher and a family of 83mm figuration of the Barracuda MCS infrared, thermal infrared and (ID/IQ) contract to produce rounds. This award specifies system to meet these needs. broadband radar wavelengths. ammunition for the Shoulder- production of the high-explo- The new urban warfare con- Saab Barracuda´s advanced launched Multipurpose Assault­ sive dual-purpose round, the figuration builds on Saab’s well- camouflage technology prod- Weapon (SMAW) system. Maxi- novel explosive round, and the known Barracuda MCS tech- ucts have already been exported mum value of the five-year common practice round. nology which is a tailor-made, to more than 50 countries. contract is $97,2 million USD. Live Training Systems to Austrian Army Saab has signed a contract with ing systems with new add-on the Austrian Federal Ministry equipment that will extend the of Defence to supply a new ad- current system. Saab will also vanced training system for the deliver a mid-life upgrade for Austrian army. The order value Austria’s existing vehicle and is approximately SEK180 mil- anti-tank training systems. The lion and deliveries are planned contract will provide more ca- from 2015 to 2018. Production pability for training conscripts will take place in Huskvarna. and professional soldiers. The Austrian army has pre- Examples of other users of viously purchased Saab simu- Saab’s live training systems are US soldier firing SMAW Photo: US Army lation systems for its tanks, the US, UK, Netherlands, Swe- anti-tank weapons and soldiers. den, Denmark, Norway, Fin- This contract includes Saab’s land, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Estonia next generation of soldier train- and Czech Republic. RBS15 Test-Fired By the Croatian Navy Schiebel demonstrates Camcopter­ During a military exercise in the Slunj, and on the naval ranges Adriatic Sea, the Croatian Navy at Dugi otok. The missile was capability for South African Navy has successfully test-fired a Saab fired from the Kralj-class missile Vienna-based Schiebel’s Cam- tection, and other marine roles. RBS15 anti-ship missile from a boat Dmitar Zvonimir. It was copter S-100 unmanned air It can also perform search naval vessel. Croatia´s first firing of an RBS15 ­system (UAS) is successfully and rescue operations, aerial The Croatian Navy has from a warship since 1994. performing shipboard trials photography, and even crowd- ­conducted its second firing The RBS15 in its latest during its capability demonstra- control in civil applications. this year of an RBS15 anti-ship ­version, the RBS15 Mk3, is a tion to the South African Navy. In addition, the system will ­missile. The test took place at surface-launched missile that Conducted at False Bay in be able to gather images with an the beginning of October in can be integrated on ships, land Western Cape, South Africa, electro-optical, infrared camera, the waters off Dugi otok in the batteries and mobile launchers. the trial saw S-100 con­ducting to detect and to identify elec- Adriatic Sea. Earlier this year, It is also in service as an air- flights from the deck of the tronic signatures with an ESM in May, Croatia conducted an launched weapon that is inte- South African Navy’s Hecla antenna and to use a synthetic RBS15 test firing from one of grated on the Gripen fighter and class deep ocean hydrographic aperture radar (SAR) in real- its land-based launchers. The compatible with other NATO ­survey vessel SAS Protea. time with only one system. ­October firing was conducted aircraft. The Camcopter S-100 is In June, Schiebel conducted­ by a vessel of the Croatian Navy. The missile is jointly capable of conducting a range flight demonstrations of its The firing was part of the ­produced and marketed by of missions, including general Camcopter S-100 UAS to wider Exercise Joint Force 15, Saab Business Area Dynamics­ surveillance, border patrol, ­display the multi-sensor capa- which was held in the Eugen and Diehl BGT Defence in ­fire control, target designation, bility of the system to the Royal Kvaternik military training area, Germany damage assessment, mine de- Australian Navy (RAN).

26 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Submarine contract for Comrod APEX ammunition to Norway’s Comrod, an international encompasses development new fighter aircraft ­supplier of rugged communica- and production of HF-­ VHF tions equipment, has received and UHF integrated antenna­ Norway’s first F-35A fighters, - APEX is the latest in ­aircraft a contract from SAAB for the ­systems for the ­Gotland class 52 in total, were handed over ammunition. Our technology­ development and production submarine for the Swedish to the Norwegian Armed ­Forces ensures that the military is best of antenna systems for the A19 Navy. during a ceremony in Fort equipped to meet tomorrow’s class submarines. The contract Worth earlier today. challenges, and to support our The delivery marks an defense capabilities through ­important milestone for the the use of high technology, Saab Signs Training And Simulation­ F-35 program and the future of continues­ Brandtzæg. Order With The ­Norwegian Army Norway’s national defense. We expect that APEX can Nammo has developed a have a business potential of Saab has received an order from existing service contract but new type of ammunition over approximately 10 billion NOK the Norwegian Defence Logis- also includes an upgrade of the the past ten years called APEX over a 30-year period. APEX tics Organisation (NDLO) to training facility. The Norwegian (Armor Piercing Ammunition will also help to secure jobs we supply the Norwegian Combat Army will be the first customer Explosive). APEX is tailored have at Raufoss today. Training Centre with advanced to receive Saab’s new generation for multi-role functions on the Our goal is that APEX training and simulation sys- sight simulator unit for vehicles, F-35. This ammunition can be will be a joint capacity for tems, plus support. The order ensuring a more realistic train- used for all types of ­missions, all partner­ countries to F-35. amounts to SEK141 million and ing experience. and against air, navy and APEX technology­ has potential delivery will be from 2016 to The Norwegian Combat ground targets. This is quite in other calibers of ammunition 2020. Training Centre consists of unique because competing and this could be used by other Saab’s business unit Training a complete battalion-level types of ammunition are either platforms in the military in the and Simulation has supplied the training system for soldiers, specialized for one or the other future. Norwegian Army with training vehicles, anti-tank weapons target scenarios.­ equipment since 2003. Today’s along with a first-class exercise order is a continuation of the control system.­

Joint Strike Missile (JSM) successfully­ completes test milestone The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) weapons bay, and the missile The JSM is a new missile potential extends beyond the successfully completed a missile flight control software. ­being developed in partnership ­future users of the F-35. flight test in the United States “This is a major accomplish- with Raytheon for the Nor­wegian “This successful flight test last week. ment for the JSM program, and Armed Forces. The missile further validates that JSM will The missile was launched in addition several critical capa- will complete the qualification be an ideal solution for the at 22,000 ft from an Edwards bilities beyond the scope of the ­program in 2017 and will have ­medium-range anti-ship and land Air Force-based F-16 over the test were verified. The test dem- unmatched operational capa- attack mission,” said Mike Jarrett, Utah Test and Training Range onstrates that we are on track bilities enabling the F-35 to fight Raytheon Missile Systems vice and performed a number of with the qualification of JSM, well-defended targets across long president of Air Warfare ­Systems. challenging flight maneuvers. which brings critical capability­ distances. The missile will be “Raytheon and Kongsberg are The test proved the maturity of to F-35 and the warfighter”, ­integrated on the F-35A but can working together to deliver this the missile, which is specifically says Harald Ånnestad, President also be integrated on other types important, new capability to designed to fit inside the F-35A Kongsberg Defence Systems. of aircrafts, meaning its market ­customers around the globe.”

The missile flight test program started early 2015 with numerous captive carry tests on an F-16 and will continue with flight tests of increasing complexity through 2016 and 2017. The flight test program is scheduled to complete in accordance with plan in 2017. Photo: Kongsberg

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 27 RADAR GIRAFFE 4A, REDUCING THE STEALTH EFFECT

At the beginning of November, Saab demon­ strated its new Giraffe 4A radar. This AESA (Active Electrical­ Scanned Array) 3D radar, based upon the latest GaN (Gallium Nitride) tehnology, operates in the so-called S-band. It is capable of detecting even small objects at long ­distance. During the autumn ­exercises by the ­Swedish defence in the areas around Gotland, the radar­ was put to the test.

ompared to our excellent “CGiraffe AMB radar, the ­Giraffe 4A radar can detect objects on twice the distance or more”, says Senior Director Claes Trulsson­ of Saab ­Electronic Defence­ Sys- tems. – With the Giraffe­ 4A, we can for example detect a small UAV size and speed similar to a seagull, at a distance of 30 kilometres. The rationale for making a radar with this high performance was naturally not seagull spotting, but rather to make a radar capable of detecting and track stealth targets as well as small airborne objects. - With regard to stealth ­targets, we can state that the ­Giraffe 4A radar will detect a stealth aircraft at the same dis- tance as earlier radars will detect a ­non-stealth aircraft. These new radars will accordingly reduce the effects of stealth technology Giraffe 4A deployed to the southern tip of the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, during the autumn exercise of the in aircraft considerably, Trulsson Swedish defence. When truck-mounted, the radar can be quickly transported to the desired position, and the deploy- continues. ment itself takes less than 10 minutes. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

28 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 RADAR

But equally important as the de­ GIRAFFE 8A FOR NORWAY? tection of stealth targets is the capability of detecting really small targets. In the threat Both Sweden and Norway are plan- GIRAFFE 8A perception of today and tomorrow, a signifi- ning replacements for their aerial Radar type: Stacked beam 3D radar cant factor will be the UAV’s. The develop- surveillance radars, strategically Antenna type: AESA, digital beam forming Frequency S (E/F) band ment of UAV’ is steadily continuing towards located along the entire coastline. ever more advanced and less expensive Optional integrated ESM passive system Saab considers the Giraffe 8A to be Elevation coverage: More than 65 degrees units. The airborne attack of tomorrow can a very attractive alternative for both Rotation rate: 24 rpm easily be pictured as a swarm of UAV’s carry- countries. Search volume: 360 ­degrees or in a sector ing explosive charges or basic missiles. This radar will have the capa­ The Giraffe 8A is largely based on the same INSTRUMENTED RANGE: bility of detecting both a single UAV and a technology as the Giraffe 4A. One difference Air surveillance: 470 km ­greater number of UAV’s approaching one’s is the size of the antenna, which is twice as own territory. CAPACITIY: large, providing a range of some 470 km. The radar will also filter away Air Surveillance: more than 1000 tracks The Giraffe 8A radar can easily be installed on seagulls and other birds, to prevent UAV’s Ballistic missiles: more than 100 tracks the same foundations as the aerial surveil- being mistaken for birds or vice versa. lance radars currently in use. With the This is done by a selection of parameters, example of the Sindre radar system, where such as flight patterns, different radar cross the radar antenna can be retracted into the ­section, flight speed etcetera. mountain, the 8A can be accommodated in the The Giraffe 4A has the capability same silos as the existing radars. The Giraffe of tracking up to 1000 targets at the same 8A is also lighter than the existing radar units. time, and can cover an area with a radius - The Giraffe 8A can be supplied as to 280 km´s (170 miles, or 150 nautical stationary radars as well as movable units, miles). The targets are tracked, reported, installed for example on a vehicle, says and recorded with engagement quality Tore Bekkevold, CEO for Saab Technologies ­accuracy. The radar rotates with a speed of Norway. up to 60 revolutions per minute. This is Deployed to a mountaintop along the Nor- almost three times as quick as earlier com- wegian coast, the radar will not just be in a petitors on the market. The high rotation position to monitor the airspace, but will also speed is achieved through the Giraffe 4A have considerable capacity for monitoring the sending out a series of radar waves before seas as well. it records the reflected, incoming signal. - In my view, it will be beneficial to the Older radars send out a radar signal, and whole Norwegian society if the defence radar will wait for the reflection to come back network along the Norwegian coastline can before a new signal is sent out. This quick also provide information on what is happening rotation makes the radar particularly suit- on the sea surface, for use by customs, coast able for tracking fast-moving incoming guard, police or emergency services. ­objects, such as ballistic missiles. - Internally in Saab, the responsibility for Non-AESA radars which rotate at a the Giraffe 8A radar has been assigned to Mock-up of the Giraffe 8A located outside the lesser speed will experience a much slower Saab factory premises in Halden. Internally in Saab Norway in Halden, which means that update of the tracking image. And if one of Saab, the responsibility for the Giraffe 8A radar substantial parts of the industrialization and the tracks should be a blind track, which has been assigned to Saab Norway in Halden, manufacturing will be located there, adds where much of the industrialization and manu- does not get a reflection from the missile, Bekkevold in conclusion. facturing will be located. the time between each update can allow a From left; Steinar Leiulfsrud, Tore Bekkevold high-speed missile the chance to disappear and Jon M. Ludvigsen, all from Saab Technology Norway. Photo: MilitærTekikk into areas without radar coverage, such as between mountains, without the radar be- ing able to register where the missile went. When the radar rotates, it ­covers the entire 360 degree volume with an Furthermore, the Giraffe 4A can be Tested against chaff ­update rate of 1 second. set up in weapon localisation mode. In this – During the exercise, we have also proved The Giraffe 4A radar can also be set mode, the radar scans the horizon, and will the Giraffe 4A to be particularly resistant to up to perform a concentrated search with also perform instantaneous tracking of in- both clutter and chaff, says Trulsson. fixed antenna azimuth in a sector (40 to coming projectiles, and determine both the During the autumn exercise for the 120 degrees). In both modes, the radar point of impact and the position of the gun Swedish defence, and without advance covers an elevation of up to 70 degrees. that fired the projectile. This information warning to the radar operators, a fighter This will extend the range (40%) with can be transmitted directly to own artillery aircraft suddenly released a large amount maintained update rate of one second OR for counter-fire, or to make corrections to of chaff, or small metal strips, in order to deliver four times higher update rate with own artillery firing, or to alert the estimated create disturbance to the radar image. The maintained range performance. point of impact to incoming projectiles. system automatically discriminated the

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 29 RADAR

Servicing and maintenance is simplified by having the different components mounted on rails, whereby items can be pulled out for quick and easy access by service engineers. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

chaff reflections, and could track the fighter on a truck or a trailer, or be deployed on ­system is equipped with a so-called pre- 100 %, even though the plane turned and stationary basis. On starting the radar, heater for the diesel fuel. tried to escape detection by flying through all necessary handling components are The system has undergone harsh the swarm of chaff. ­located behind the same hatch, simplifying environmental testing, whereby the radar Correspondingly, previous tests the task of the operator. The system also is started up and operated at temperatures with jamming aircraft escorting two fighter carries a high level of redundancy, meaning between minus 40 and plus 55 degrees planes also failed to affect the radar image. that if one or a few components should fail, Centigrade. According to Saab they were able to track other components will pick up the slack The container including the ­radar both the fighters and the escorting aircraft. and keep the radar operational. weighs just under 9 tons, and can be The radar has its own power supply,­ ­transported in a C-130 Hercules transport Simple to operate, simple to in the shape of an internal diesel aggregate aircraft. Larger transport planes, such as maintain with a capacity of 24 hours’ ­operation the A-400M or C-17 can accommodate the The radar itself is mounted into a 16-foot starting with full internal tanks. In order entire vehicle with the mounted system. container, and can be easily transported to enable operation in extreme cold, the

230V FRA BILEN TIL PC, LADING, LYS ETC.

LADERE OG INVERTERE TIL INDUSTRI, FORSVAR OG FRITID

Victron Energy • Ladere fra 6-200 ampere 12-48 volt har vært en • Kombinerte ladere/invertere ledende leverandør • Invertere opp til 10.000 watt ren sinus som av profesjonelle ladere og invertere igjen kan parallellkobles i 40 år. • Overvåkning og varsling med SMS eller logging av data via GPRS med Victron Global Remote. • Til båter, ambulanser, brannbiler, servicebiler, hytter, stasjonære anlegg og forsvar

GYLLING TEKNIKK AS, Rudssletta 71, Postboks 103, 1309 Rud • Tel: 67151400 • Faks 67151401 • [email protected] • gylling.no

30 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 TERMA COMMERCIAL CONTRACT IS TERMA’S SAFETY NET A large contract for composite components to Boeing’s commer- fighter procurement competition, where a cial aircraft could act as a safety net beneath the Danish defence down selection is most likely in the begin- manufacturer Terma if Denmark does not choose the F-35 fighter. ning of next year. Unprecedented protection By Andreas Krog Terma only has contracts with Boeing also awarded Terma ­additional ­Lockheed Martin for deliveries to the ­orders of the company’s Electronic ­Warfare n May Boeing and the Danish defence F-35 programme in the Low Rate Initial Management System (EWMS) for Chinook­ Imanufacturer Terma signed a contract ­Production phases (LRIP) until around helicopters, as well as Harpoon­ ­missile that marks an important break-through for 2019. If Denmark chooses not to buy the ­simulators. Terma’s EWMS for the Chinook­ the Danish company into the ­commercial F-35, there will probably not be any more features dual cockpit ­displays, and aviation market. For the first time, Terma work for Terma on the F-35. So the new ­integrates multiple warning and counter­ will manufacture composite parts for one contract with Boeing and a similar agree- measure systems to provide ­aircrews of Boeing’s commercial jetliners, the 777. ment with Airbus is a safety net to ensure with unprecedented protection. Terma’s Specifically, Terma will supply chords, that there will be something to produce at ­Harpoon missile simulator ­supports ­testing shear ties and filler for empennage ribs for the expanded composite production facility,­ and training with Harpoon Command and the 777. In service for more than 20 years, if Denmark does not choose the F-35. Launch Systems based on land, as well as the 777 is the most commercially ­successful The agreement with Airbus is about on ships and submarines. wide-body aircraft in commercial­ aviation­ certification aimed at producing composite The new contracts are valued at history. parts for the Airbus A380. more than USD 15 million (DKK 100 Qualification for work on the 777 If Denmark chooses the F-35 – ­million).According to Boeing the ­contracts will provide Terma with opportunities to which is highly likely – Terma could end show the companys commitment to bid on future work for other Boeing air- up producing both composite parts for the ­Terma - initiated through a Memorandum plane programs, including the 777X. Boeing F-35 and for civilian Boeing and Airbus of Agreement signed in March of 2009 - will transition from production of the 777 aircraft. Boeing and Airbus with the F-18F aimed at providing Terma a minimum of to the 777X at the end of the decade. Super Hornet and the Eurofighter Typhoon 30 percent of the industrial cooperation “Terma’s experience within respectively are actually Lockheed Martin’s ­investments outlined in Boeing’s proposal ­composites structure technology provides and the F-35’s competitors in the Danish to Denmark’s New Fighter Program. promising opportunities for collaboration and for introduction of Terma into the ­Boeing supply chain,” said Jens Maaløe, Terma President & CEO. “The 777 contract is strategically important to Terma in our effort towards establishing the company as a supplier in the commercial aircraft segment.”

Does not choose F-35 Termas entry into the market for compo­ site components to civilian aircraft is also about securing future work if Denmark does not choose the F-35 as the country’s future fighter aircraft. Terma has invested around US$ 22 million (DKK 150 million) in a highly advanced composite produc- tion facility. Currently the facility is mainly producing small numbers of conventional edges in composite material for the F-35’s horizontal tails and advanced lightweight composite components for the F-35’s ­centre fuselage. An upcoming increase in the F-35 production rate may require ­another USD 22 million investment in the expansion of Terma’s CEO Jens Maaløe and Debbie Rub, Vice President and General Manager for Global Strike with Terma’s composite production. Boeing Military Aircraft, signed the contract in Copenhagen on May 27th. Photo: Nils Lund Pedersen

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 31 ARMATA

Moreover, two tanks with their crews and THE NEW RUSSIAN T-14 all attending equipment can be easily air- lifted by the heavy An-124 transport plane. In addition to dual-reactive armour ­ARMATA MAIN BATTLE TANK the T-14 features an active protection ­system (Afghanit). This system includes a millime- At the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade the Russian armed tre-wavelength radar to detect, track and in- forces presented their T-14 ARMATA main battle tank. tercept incoming anti-tank munitions, both hypersonic kinetic ­energy penetrators and The ­Armata tank is based on the Armata Universal combat tandem-charges. Currently,­ the maximum ­platform, and it is expected that Russia will develop a range speed of the inter­cept able target is 1,700 of different types of vehicles based on this platform, where m/s, with projected­ future increases of up to the T-14 Armata main battle tank will be by far the main 3,000 m/s. According to the news sources it protects the tank from all sides. ­production type with regards to numbers. It is expected that the Afghanit will be effective against most modern anti-tank he most significant new feature on km. The detection range of the tank’s ­optical weapons, including Hellfire, TOW, Javelin, Tthe T-14 is the use of an unmanned sensors is 5 km for tank-sized targets at day, Spike, Brimstone, JAGM, etc. turret, with the crew of three seated in an and 3.5 km at night through the thermal The Russian army wants to build armoured capsule in the front of the hull. imaging channel. The gunner sight’s optical around 2300 T-14s by 2020, equipping up The main armament of the T-14 is channel is equipped with 4x and 12x optical to 70 percent of its tank fleet with the new the 2A82-1M 125 mm smoothbore ­cannon, zoom. The laser rangefinder has a theo­retical model. The tanks would replace the T-72 a new design compared to the cannons­ on maximum range of 7.5 km. and most T-90s. previous Russian and Soviet tanks. Note­ A lot of thought was given to the worthy features include an absence of a fume tank’s strategic mobility. The moderate mass ARMATA MAIN BATTLE TANK extractor (due to the unmanned turret), a of 48 tons allows it to be easily rail and firing rate of 10-12 rounds per minute, and trailer transported, and it can navigate most Manufacturer: Uralvagonzavod a maximum effective penetration range of 8 of the solidly built bridges in the country. Specifications: (Figures for KMW ­Leopard 2A Main battle tank in brackets) Weight: 48 tonnes (62 tonnes) 53 tons with Urban Warfare Package Length: 10.8 metres (9.87) Width: 3.5 metres (3.75 meters) Height: 3.3 metres (3 meters) Crew: 3 (4) Power/weight: 31 hp/t (24 hp/t) Main armament: 125mm smoothbore 2A82-1M tank cannon with 45 rounds, 32 of them in the autoloader (120 mm Rheinmetall L55 gun, 42 rounds) Secondary armament: 12.7 mm Kord machine gun, 7.62 mm PKTM machine gun. A 30 mm anti-aircraft gun may be installed instead of the 12.7 machine gun. (2A: 2x7.62 mm MG3A) Engine ChTZ 12H360 (A-85-3A) diesel engine 1500 h.p., moderated to 1200 h.p. in ­normal operation (MTU MB873 ­Twin-turbo diesel engine, 1479hp) Operational range: 500 kilometres (550 km) Speed: 80–90 kilometres per hour (72 km/h) Russian Army T-14 Armata tank in the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade Photo: Vitaly V. Kuzmin

Editor-in-Chief/Ansvarlig redaktør: Marketing Director/ Subscriptions/ M.Sc./Siv.ing. Markedsansvarlig: Abonnementservice: ISSN 0806–6159 Bjørn Domaas Josefsen Knut Berg Tel. (+47) 22 41 60 77 Publisher/Utgiver: E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Norsk Militærteknisk Forlag Design/Layout: Prinsens gate 22, N-0157 OSLO Editorial Office/Redaksjon: Advertising Office/Annonser: xidé Prinsens gate 22, N-0157 OSLO Prinsens gate 22, Administration/Administrasjon: Tel. (+47) 22 41 60 77 N-0157 OSLO Printed by/Trykkeri: Castra AS Denmark; Andreas Krog, Tel. (+47) 22 41 60 41 xidé Org.nr. NO 971 161 531 MVA E-mail: [email protected]

32 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2015 EXTENDED DINA AWARENESS The ultimate handheld C2IS for the Combat Level

The GIRAFFE 8A is a recent extension to Saab’s world-class With our more than 60 years of innovative radar development line-up of surface radar systems. This 3D long-range air you can rely on Saab’s thinking edge to provide the capabilities surveillance radar system is designed for the highest level of needed to meet future threats and requirements. situational awareness and ballistic missile defence – in any climate. The GIRAFFE 8A provides exceptional range and www.saab.com multi-role capabilities, combined with operational flexibility that allows you to virtually look into the future. Photo: Luis Rico, Departamento de Comunicación del Ejército de Tierra, Ministerio de Defensa España. Photo: Luis Rico, Departamento de Comunicación del Ejército Tierra,

GIRAFFE 8A – a member of Saab’s world-class line-up of Surface Radar Solutions. Teleplan Globe AS • Fornebuveien 31 • 1324 Lysaker, NORWAY Phone: +47 67 12 70 00 • E-mail: [email protected] • www.teleplanglobe.no Returadresse:

MilitærTeknikk, Prinsens gate 22, N-0157 OSLO Norway