DOCSLIB.ORG

Notes and References

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notes and References Notes and References 1 General Influences on Bangladesh’s Foreign Policy 1. The South Asian region is usually defined as consisting of seven states: Bangla- desh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives. 2. For an analysis of east-wing subordination see W.H. Morris-Jones, ‘Pakistan Post Mortem and the Roots of Bangladesh’, in M.M. Khan and H.M. Zafarullah, Polit- ics and Bureaucracy in a New Nation: Bangladesh, Dacca, 1980, pp. 26–34. 3. B. Sen Gupta, Regional Cooperation and Development in South Asia, Vol. 1, New Delhi, 1986, p.19. 4. Ainslee Embree points out that this partial borrowing also can be coloured with admiration for the values and attitudes of the former rulers. A.T. Embree, Imagin- ing India, Delhi, 1989, p. 188. 5. In pre-British times, Bengal enjoyed relative autonomy. Although Bengal became part of the Mughal empire in 1576, it was ruled independently of the central government virtually until the death of Aurangzeb (1707), the last signi- ficant Mughal ruler. See D.A. Wright, Bangladesh: Origins and Indian Ocean Rela- tions (1971–1975), New Delhi, 1988, p. 17. 6. P. Ghosh applies to the South Asian states the notion that differing stages of political development lead to conflicting strategic and diplomatic positions. P.S. Ghosh, Cooperation and Conflict in South Asia, New Delhi, 1989, pp. 3, 14 and 229. 7. C. Clapham, and W. Wallace (eds), Foreign Policy Making in Developing States, Westmead, 1977, p. 174. 8. B. Buzan, ‘Peace, Power and Security: Contending Concepts in the Study of International Relations’, Journal of Peace Research, vol. 21, no. 2, 1984, p. 121. 9. H.A. Kissinger, ‘Domestic Structure and Foreign Policy’, in J.N. Rosenau, Interna- tional Politics and Foreign Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory, New York, 1969, pp. 261–2. 10. T. Maniruzzaman, The Security of Small States in the Third World, Canberra, ANU, 1982, p. 15. 11. The problems associated with diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh were most pronounced in relation to the Islamic states. For a detailed discussion see: Wright, Bangladesh: Origins and Indian Ocean Relations, pp. 221–42. 12. The Bangladesh Observer, 2 May 1976. 13. Ibid., 25 March 1982. 14. C. Thomas, In Search of Security: The Third World in International Relations, Boul- der, 1987, p. 7. Thomas particularly points to the United States for its lack of understanding in dealing with ‘third world’ states. 15. For a succinct discussion of the basis for this factionalism, see M. Rashiduzza- man, ‘Changing Political Patterns in Bangladesh: Internal Constraints and External Fears’, in Khan, Zafarullah, Politics, pp. 176–95. 16. For example, in 1995, the strength of the Bangladesh army, navy and air force personnel was, 156 000, 8000 and 6500, respectively, whereas the Indian equival- ent was vastly greater: 1.14 million, 55 000, and 110 000, respectively. Further- more, compared with India’s arsenal in 1995 of 2600 tanks, Bangladesh had 140. 179 180 Notes and References See The Statesman’s Year-Book: A Statistical, Political and Economic Account of the States of the World for the Year 1996–1997, London, 1996, pp. 182–3, 641–2. 17. For examples of proponents of this view, see: H. Wiberg, ‘The Security of Small Nations: Challenges and Defences’, Journal of Peace Research, vol. 24, no. 4, 1987, p. 340. However, Wiberg does stress that the military dimension is not the only one. [See p. 354.] See also R.G.C. Thomas (ed.), The Great Power Triangle and Asian Security, 1983, p. 71, and B. Buzan (et al.), South Asian Insecurity and the Great Powers, New York, 1986, pp. 8–30. 18. See M. Rahman Shelley, Emergence of a New Nation in a Multi-Polar World: Bangla- desh, Washington, D.C., 1978, p. 19, and K. Subrahmanyam, ‘India and Its Neighbours: A Conceptual Framework of Peaceful Co-existence’, in U.S. Bajpai (ed.), India and Its Neighbourhood, New Delhi, 1986, p. 109. 19. The ‘primordialist/instrumentalist’ debate became prominent particularly due to the writings of two South Asia specialists, Paul Brass and Francis Robinson. See P.R. Brass, Language, Religion and Politics in North India, London, 1974, and F. Robinson, Separatism among Indian Muslims: The Politics of the United Provinces’ Muslims, 1860–1923, London, 1974. 20. For a discussion specifically related to the pre-Pakistan period, see A. Roy, ‘The Bengal Muslim “Cultural Mediators” and the Bengal Muslim Identity in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries’, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, 1987, pp. 11–34. 21. See D.A. Wright, ‘Islam and Bangladeshi Polity’, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, 1987, p. 15. 22. P.R. Brass, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison, New Delhi, 1991, p. 74. 23. Financial loans and a vastly unequal trading relationship have made Bangladesh a major debtor to India. See C. Baxter, ‘Bangladesh at Ten: An Appraisal of a Decade of Political Development’, The World Today, vol. 38, no. 2, February 1982, p. 78. 24. M. Franda, Bangladesh: The First Decade, New Delhi, 1982, p. 281. 25. T.A. Keenleyside, ‘Nationalist Indian Attitudes Towards Asia: A Troublesome Leg- acy For Post-Independence Indian Foreign Policy’, Pacific Affairs, vol. 55, no. 2, 1982, p. 210–1. 26. Ibid., p. 211. 27. R. Tagore, Towards Universal Man, London, 1961, p. 57. 28. Ibid., p. 91. 29. Ibid., p. 249. 30. Ibid., p. 66. 31. Keenleyside, ‘Nationalist Indian Attitudes’, p. 214–15. For some of Nehru’s com- ments on Asian unity and India’s role, presented at the Inter-Asian Conference, New Delhi in March 1947, see: S. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Second Series, vol. 2, New Delhi, pp. 501–9. 32. L. Ziring (ed.), The Subcontinent in World Politics: India, Its Neighbors, and the Great Powers, New York, 1978, p. 85. 33. M.A. Bhatty, ‘Strategic Balance In South Asia Including the Adjacent Ocean’, World Review, vol. 31, no. 1, 1992, p. 26. 34. R. Kumar, ‘India’s Political Identity: Nation-State or Civilisation-State’, Indian Ocean Review, vol. 4, no. 4, 1991, pp. 23, 26. Ravinder Kumar is the Director of the Nehru Memorial Museum, New Delhi. 35. A.T. Embree, ‘Indian Civilization and Regional Cultures: The Two Realities’, in P. Wallace (ed.), Region and Nation in India, New Delhi, 1985, pp. 19–39. Notes and References 181 36. Ibid., p. 21. Ravinder Kumar makes the point that the unity and character of Indian society is determined not so much by the Brahmanical ‘high culture’ as it is later by the ‘middle’ traditions of devotional theism, as embodied in the bhakti movement which became prominent after the first millennium C.E.R. Kumar, ‘The Past and the Present: An Indian Dialogue’, Nehru Memorial Museum and Lib- rary, Occasional Papers on Perspectives on Indian Development, no. I, New Delhi, March 1989, p. 23 (unpublished). 37. Embree, ‘Indian Civilization and Regional Cultures’, p. 24. 38. Ibid., pp. 25–6. 39. Ibid., p. 24. 40. Ibid., p. 34. 41. Ibid., p. 35. 42. Ghosh, Cooperation and Conflict, p. 37. 43. Bangladeshi concerns about Indian interference were manifested within months of achieving independence as exemplified by their insistence that Indian troops be withdrawn from Bangladesh. This was despite their much-needed assistance in the wake of the war. For details, see Wright, Bangladesh: Origins and Indian Ocean Relations (1971–1975), pp. 125–31. 44. C. Bateman points to Indian activities in Sri Lanka, Sikkim, Bhutan and Nepal as immediate examples of such meddling. See C. Bateman, ‘National Security and Nationalism in Bangladesh’, Asian Survey, vol. 19, no. 8, August 1979, p. 784. Even India’s assistance to Bangladesh in 1971 was, certainly from Pakistan’s point of view, a form of meddling. Much is said of India’s humble wish simply to preserve the status quo in South Asia, but such semantics do not negate, for example, the many repercussions of Indian assistance in Bangladesh’s war of independence. 45. S. Mansingh, India’s Search For Power: Indira Gandhi’s Foreign Policy 1966–1982, New Delhi, 1984, p. 263. See also n. 44. 46. Stephen Cohen interprets the militarisation of India as a corrosion of its ‘polit- ical soul’, as personified by Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. S.P. Cohen, ‘Dimensions of Militarism in South Asia’, Defence Journal (Karachi), no. 7, July 1984, p. 9, cited in, Ghosh, Cooperation and Conflict, p. 221. 47. Ghosh, Cooperation and Conflict, p. 221. 48. Times of India (Bombay), 8 November 1975. 49. P.K. Mishra, South Asia in International Politics, Delhi, 1984, p.148. See also K. Subrahmanyam, ‘India and Its Neighbours: A Conceptual Framework of Peaceful Co-existence’, in Bajpai (ed.), India and its Neighborhood, pp. 123–4, where Subrahmanyam states: ‘A number of people in this country readily accept the apparently plausible thesis advanced in our neighbouring countries that a large and militarily powerful India constitutes a threat to them and is hegemon- istic. Historically this thesis is untenable in terms of India’s pattern of behaviour in the last four decades.’ See also pp. 125–6. 50. Mansingh, India’s Search, p. 262. 51. Buzan, ‘Peace, Power and Security’, p. 123. 52. Ghosh, Cooperation and Conflict, p. 57. 53. Buzan, ‘Peace, Power and Security’, pp. 110–11. 54. See Chapters 7 and 8. 55. East-wing feelings of insecurity were exacerbated particularly during the 1965 war between India and Pakistan, where East Pakistan was left defenceless against a possible Indian attack. For details, see D.A. Wright, India–Pakistan Relations: 1962–1969, New Delhi, 1989, pp. 99–100. 182 Notes and References 56.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bangladesh's Political Evolution As a Country Has Its Own Unique And
    Defining the Frontiers of Identity: Balancing Language and Religion in Bangladesh Smruti S Pattanaik The question of identity is a social issue but behind its construction there are potent political forces at work. These forces seek to conceptualize and articulate socio- political grievances of a ‘community’ and convert these grievances into a political tool, which forms the basis of a separate nation state. Therefore, the issue of identity is the most volatile subject in multi-ethnic states. In a multicultural and plural state, the state- hegemonisation and definition of national identity inevitably creates fissiparous tendencies especially when the nature of the state often fails to take diversity into account. In the context of the creation of Pakistan and given the history of partition, the state hegemony in crafting a ‘nation’ was an effort to translate the ideological inspiration behind the state formation. At the same time, the Hindu dominated Congress opposition created a sort of insecurity regarding the viability of the nation-state. Therefore, the state, in its over-zealous attempt to promote and protect an Islamic identity the basis on which the state was founded, played the role of an ultimate arbitrator of the identity question. The problem with such an overarching authority of the state that defined the existence of ‘self’ within the geographical parameter persisted in conceiving a political identity that defined the citizenship and gave him an identity and a sense of belongingness to the territory. In the process, the state advanced “Islam” as the core of the national identity. In this context, Urdu became the defining factor of being a ‘Muslim’ in the new state of Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Literary Cultures in History Reconstructions from South Asia
    Literary Cultures in History Reconstructions from South Asia EDITED BY Sheldon Pollock UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London 8 The Two Histories of Literary Culture in Bengal Sudipta Kaviraj INTRODUCTION A general reading of the history of a particular literature requires, first of all, a principle of organization. Histories of Bangla literature usually offer a narrative of continuity: they seek to show, quite legitimately, how the liter- ary culture develops through successive stages—how literary works of one period become the stock on which later stages carry out their productive op- erations. These studies are less interested in asking how literary mentalities come to be transformed or how a continuing tradition can be interrupted, or in speculating on possible reasons behind these significant literary turns. In an attempt to move away from these conventional histories, which record unproblematically the sequential narrative of the production of texts and their authors, this essay gives attention primarily to two questions. The first is: What were the major historical “literary cultures,” that is, the sensibilities or mentalities constructed around a common core of tastes, methods of tex- tual production, paratextual activities (like performance, recitation, or other use in religious, nonliterary contexts), reception, and the social composition of audiences? The second question, closely related to the first, is: How do literary cultures, especially deeply entrenched literary cultures, change? The treatment of Bangla literary history in this essay, therefore, focuses more on textualities or text types than on individual texts, and it offers hardly any literary-critical analysis of major canonical works. A figure like Rabin- dranath Tagore is treated with relative neglect, since he does not represent a phase of serious interpretative contention or rupture in literary production I thank Sheldon Pollock for detailed comments on this paper at different stages of its prepa- ration.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism in Bangladesh: 1971-2000 Voices from Women's Movement
    Feminism in Bangladesh: 1971-2000 Voices from Women’s Movement ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thesis To obtain the degree of PhD from University of Dhaka Supervisor Dr. Najma Chowdhury Emeritus Professor, Founding Chair, Department of Women and Gender Studies University of Dhaka Co Supervisor Dr. Firdous Azim Professor, Chairperson of the Department of English and Humanities BRAC University, Dhaka Submitted by Ayesha Banu Associate Professor Department of Women and Gender Studies University of Dhaka Registration No and Session: 215 (2012-13) (re) Affiliated Hall: Bangladesh-Kuwait Maitri Hall, University of Dhaka Date of Submission PhD Committee Convenor Dr. Meghna Guhathakurta, Director, Research Initiative, Bangladesh (RIB), Dhaka. Members Dr. Najma Chowdhury, Supervisor, Emeritus Professor, Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka. External Member: Dr. Maitrayee Chaudhuri, Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The PhD Programme was supported by the project entitled ―Institutionalising the Department of Women‘s Studies‖, funded by the Royal Netherlands Embassy and managed by the Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Dhaka and Institute of Development Studies (ISS), The Hague. II Table of Content List of Figures ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nation and Imagination
    CHAPTER 6 Nation and Imagination THIS CHAPTER moves out into three concentric circles. The innermost cir- cle tells the story of a certain literary debate in Bengal in the early part of the twentieth century. This was a debate about distinctions between prose, poetry, and the status of the real in either, and it centered on the writings of Rabindranath Tagore. Into these debatesÐand here is my second cir- cleÐI read a global history of the word ªimagination.º Benedict Ander- son's book Imagined Communities has made us all aware of how crucial the category ªimaginationº is to the analysis of nationalism.1 Yet, com- pared to the idea of community, imagination remains a curiously undis- cussed category in social science writings on nationalism. Anderson warns that the word should not be taken to mean ªfalse.º2 Beyond that, how- ever, its meaning is taken to be self-evident. One aim of this chapter is to open up the word for further interrogation and to make visible the heterogenous practices of seeing we often bring under the jurisdiction of this one European word, ªimagination.º My third and last move in the chapter is to build on this critique of the idea of imagination an argument regarding a nontotalizing conception of the political. To breathe heteroge- neity into the word ªimagination,º I suggest, is to allow for the possibility that the ®eld of the political is constitutively not singular. I begin, then, with the story of a literary debate. NATIONALISM AS WAYS OF SEEING It does not take much effort to see that a photographic realism or a dedi- cated naturalism could never answer all the needs of vision that modern nationalisms create.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculam Vitae
    Page 1 of 10 CURRICULAM VITAE Dr. MOLOY RAKSHIT Associate Professor in Bengali Burdwan University Golapbag, P.O. RAJBATI, BURDWAN 713104 Residential Address : Flat 402, Purbayan Abasan 3 – Rifle Range Road P.O. Belgharia, Kolkata-700073 Contact No. (Mob) : 94329 38155 / 9477440219 E-mail ID : [email protected] Awards/Prizes obtained University Gold Medal (for the position First class First in M.A.) Kabi Kumud Ranjan Padak (for the position First class First in M.A.) Soudamini Choudhuri Medal (for highest marks in M.A) Dipti Sanyal Medal (for highest marks in M.A) Tripti Aich Memorial Medal (for highest marks in M.A) Sharatchandra Medha Puraskar by Sharat Samiti, Kolkata, (for the position First class First in M.A.) LIST OF PUBLICATIONS a. Published Books : 1. Raktakarabi Rupe, Rupantare (Collection of 10 mns. Of the play Raktakarabi) University of Burdwan, Jan 2009, Page- 1-455, ISBN : 81-87259-67-1 2. Raktakarabi : Path O Pathantarer Bhabnay Days Publishing, June 2009, pp. 151, ISBN 978-81-295-0945-1 Page 2 of 10 3. Rabindranath : Bikalpo Theatrer sandhan Parampara Prakashan, Aug 2011, pp. 265 ISBN 978-93-80869-40-1 (This book was highly admired by the critic of BOIER DESH On April-June 2012 issue ) 4. Muktadhara : Ekti Purnango Alochana-Grantha (Collected & Edited), Kalyani Publication, Aug 2011 pp. 335, ISBN 978-81-925662-0-7 (This book was positively reported by the critic of Boi-Poka of Anandabazar Patrika ) 5. Rabindranath Thakur : Nirbachito Natak Sangraha (Edited Book / Bhumika O Tathyapanji), Alakananda Publishers, Feb 2012, pp. 556, ISBN : 987-81-923637-1-4 6.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Newsletter
    bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb DELHI INAUGURATION OF AKADEMI EXHIBITION 2015 February 15, 2016, New Delhi Sahityotsav, Sahitya Akademi’s Annual Festival of Letters, began with the inauguration of Sahitya Akademi Exhibition 2015 at the Rabindra Bhawan Lawns on 15 February 2016. The exhibition was inaugurated by distinguished Odia writer and Fellow of Sahitya Akademi, Dr Manoj Das. The inaugural ceremony was attended by the President, Vice President and Secretary of Sahitya Akademi in addition to the members of the Executive Board and General Council of Sahitya Akademi and staff. In his welcome address, Dr K. Sreenivasarao, Dr. Manoj Das inaugurating the Akademi Exhibition Secretary, Sahitya Akademi, highlighted the achievements of Sahitya Akademi during the previous year. He informed the learned audience that in 2015 Sahitya Akademi organized 479 literary events, participated in 189 book exhibitions across India, published 426 books in 24 languages, inaugurated the Centers for Tribal and Oral Literature at Imphal and New Delhi, presented 117 Awards in 24 recognized languages in addition to the conferment of Bhasha Samman to 9 scholars and Fellowships to distinguished writers Prof S. L. Bhyrappa and Dr C. Narayana Reddy and Honorary Fellowship to Dr Jin Dinghan of China opened Metro Bookshops at Kashmere Gate and Vishwavidyalaya Metro Stations in New Delhi and sent 24 writers to Mauritius, Malaysia, Japan, China and Germany as part of delegations to Festivals of India Programme and Literary Exchange Programmes. The Akademi also hosted 3 Russian writers in addition to the literary delegations from Spain, Fiji, New Zealand and Thailand. Dr Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari, President, Sahitya Akademi, in his speech, reiterated the Akademi’s commitment to literary service across the country and highlighted that in the past year the Akademi organized one programme every 18 hours and published one book every 20 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Rabindranath Tagore's Eco-Consciousness in 20 Century
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23, Issue 12, Ver. 4 (December. 2018) 12-18 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Rabindranath Tagore’s Eco-consciousness in 20th Century Bengali Literature Md. Zillur Rahman1, Md. Akhtar Hossain2, Md. Sadekul Islam3 1Associate Professor, Department of Language and Communication, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. 2Associate Professor, Department of Language, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of English, Saidpur Government Technical College, Nilphamary, Bangladesh. Corresponding Author: Md. Zillur Rahman Abstract: Ecological or environmental consideration of the 20th century development has been attracting attention of the whole world‟s intellectuals for more than half a century. From early 20th century onwards a large number of writings that pointed out the danger of self-destructing nature of growth of the modern society. Thus the Ecological or environmental repercussions of all spheres of the world led the people to think about the new route of living process that can be continued over time. A thorough going visit to the literary world of Rabindranath Tagore presents ample evidences of his deep concern about nature and the self-defeating activities of the human race that have enormous bearing on environmental health. This paper attempts to focus on Tagore‟s consciousness and thought on environment and the lessons as is found in his many writings for ecological co-existence. Keywords: Eco-consciousness, 20th century, Bengali Literature --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 05-12-2018 Date of acceptance: 22-12-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. INTRODUCTION Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) the first Noble laureate from Asia in literature has made a profound impact on eco-poetry.
    [Show full text]
  • Bengal's Contribution to Islamic Studies During the 18Th Century
    BENGAL'S CONTRIBUTION TO ISLAMIC STUDIES DURING THE 18TH CENTURY ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE I^GREE OF Sottor of Miloiop^p IN ISLAMIC STUDIES BY SHABNAM BEGUM UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF r4537 PROP. M. SALIM KIDWAI DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1994 BENGAL'S CONTRIBUTION TO ISLAMIC STUDIES DURING THE 18TH CENTURY ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF Bottor of $l)tlQ£(opI|p IN ISLAMIC STUDIES BY SHABNAM BEGUM UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROP. M. SALIM KIDWAI DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALiGARH (iNDiA) 1994 ABSTRACT In the long annals of the history of Bengal the eighteenth century occupies a unique position. In this century Muslim regime came to an end and British dominion was firmly established in Bengal. Many scholars have done commendable research on various aspects and brought out many valuable works on this century. But aspects like Contribution of Bengal to Islamic Studies during eighteenth century have not been properly explored. The purpose of this study is to find out the nature and roots of Islamic learning in Bengal, the institutions and scholars of Bengal. The thesis has been divided into five chapters and an Introduction and a Conclusion. The chapters are as given below :- Chapter I Section I - Early Muslim Contact with Bengal. Section II - Socio-political Contact of Muslims with Bengal. Chapter II - Religious Institutions of Bengal in the eighteenth century. • Chapter III- The Sufis of the eighteenth century. Chapter IV - Arabic and Persian Literature in Bengal during eighteenth century. Chapter V - Contribution of Muslims to Bengali Literature during eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • SFU Library Thesis Template
    Television Journalism, Market-orientation, and Media Democratization in Bangladesh by Anis Rahman MA, Goldsmiths University of London, 2008 MSS, University of Rajshahi, 2007 BSS, University of Rajshahi, 2005 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Communication Faculty of Communication, Art and Technology © Anis Rahman SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2017 . Approval Name: Anis Rahman Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: Television Journalism, Market-orientation, and Media Democratization in Bangladesh Examining Committee: Chair: Gary McCarron Associate Professor Yuezhi Zhao Senior Supervisor Professor Robert Hackett Supervisor Professor Robert Anderson Supervisor Professor Stuart Poyntz Internal Examiner Associate Professor Stephen McDowell External Examiner Professor College of Communication and Information Florida State University Date Defended/Approved: December 15, 2017 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract This dissertation critically examines the emergence of a neoliberal market-oriented media system in Bangladesh and its impact on news production in both television channels and broadcast policymaking. The dissertation dissects the ownership structure and politics of licensing private television channels by successive governments between 1995 and 2017. It surveys the trends in the commercialization of television news to assess the symbolic and economic influence of advertising on journalism. It argues that the politically concentrated ownership of television and the practices of market-oriented television journalism in Bangladesh are symbiotically embedded with the political and social transformation of the nation-state, a postcolonial quest for nation-building, as well as an asymmetrical integration with the processes of neoliberal globalization. The analysis draws insights from critical and transcultural approaches to political economy of communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Metaphors in Baul Songs
    READING THE METAPHORS IN BAUL SONGS: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF RURAL COLONIAL BENGAL Manjita Mukharji (nee Palit) School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) University of London Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2009 1 ProQuest Number: 10672931 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672931 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This thesis breaks with existing scholarship on the Banls by moving away from an exclusive interrogation of their esoteric beliefs and practices. Instead, we forestage the socio-historical dimensions of metaphors found in Baul songs. Rather than using these metaphors as keys to unlock the esoteric registers of Baul praxis, we see how the metaphors themselves are drawn from and mediated by the Baul singer-composers’ locations in history and society. In the Introduction of the thesis, we sensitise the reader to the history and politics of the particular frames used by song-collectors through which the songs—our primary material—have become available to us.
    [Show full text]
  • Niyogi Books Welcomes You to the Wonderful World of Books—Which Are Rich and Varied in Content and World-Class in Design and Production
    Niyogi Books welcomes you to the wonderful world of books—which are rich and varied in content and world-class in design and production. Established in 2004, Niyogi Books is an internationally reputed publishing house with over 600 titles—and the list continues to grow. Our focus is on producing illustrated books on art, architecture, history, culture, spirituality, memoirs and every other aspect connected with culture and heritage. We always strive to give equal emphasis on the textual content and visuals as well within our illustrated books. In 2018, Niyogi Books launched three imprints: Olive Turtle (English fiction), Thornbird (English translation) and Paper Missile (English nonfiction). With the introduction of the three imprints, Niyogi Books strives to enrich the categories of books ranging from social science, self-help books, works of fiction, as well as English translations of modern classics from different Indian languages, thus exploring the many genres of the literary world. In January 2019, Niyogi Books launched its Hindi imprint, Bahuvachan, dedicated to our Hindi titles, thereby celebrating the state language, Hindi, which is also one of the most spoken languages in the world. It also upholds the banner for the multilingual nation that India is. In spite of using the latest technological innovations in production and design, Niyogi Books lays great emphasis on human values and human capital. Our mission—Fine publishing within reach is based on our commitment to excellence and our belief in inclusive growth. This is reflected in the close relationship we have with our authors, our readers and our partners in book selling and distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Red Oleanders Basudeb Chakraborti University of Kalyani, India
    The Unrecognized Work of Tagore as Translator: An Assessment of Red Oleanders Basudeb Chakraborti University of Kalyani, India Abstract In the vast volume of Tagore criticism, only a few sentences are devoted to the translational linguistics Tagore has followed in translating his Bengali Rakta Karabi into English Red Oleanders. Tagore journeyed from Rakta Karabi to Red Oleanders, and was constantly careful of the fact that he was not only transferring a system of linguistic symbols, often arbitrary in nature, into another but also conveying and delivering the cultural significance of one language community to the other, which is culturally different. This journey from Rakta Karabi to Red Oleanders, i.e., transtexting the cultural significance of one text into another is a difficult job. This paper explains how Tagore’s work as a translator of Red Oleanders has remained unrecognized still today. [Keywords: Red Oleanders, translation, criticism, western media; politics] Raja Rao on one occasion said it was very difficult for him to translate the rhythm of Indian life and society into the medium which was not his own. He was a novelist who articulated his experience of Indianness in English in which he was more comfortable than in his mother tongue for communication. In spite of his ease in English, he was very much aware of its obvious limitations. He felt natural handicaps in creating the right texture of Indianness in an alien language, English. The problem of mismatch between the content, his Indianness, and his expression in English is finally resolved by the successful harmony he brings about between the two and by establishing the Indian English as an independent variant of Standard British English.
    [Show full text]