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Role of Community in Recovery (Draft March31)V4.Pdf Copyright ©IRP 2010 Mission Statement of International Recovery Platform (IRP) As a thematic platform of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) system, IRP is a key pillar for the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015. The mission of IRP is to identify gaps and constraints currently experienced in the context of disaster recovery and to serve as a catalyst for the development of tools, resources, and capacity for resilient recovery. Disclaimer This publication is a product of IRP Secretariat staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of IRP Steering Committee or governments they represent. This report may be freely quoted but acknowledgment of sources is requested. Compilers The chapters of this report are compiled by Gerald E. Potutan (Chapters 1, 2, and 4), Khaerunnisa (Chapter 3), Yasuo Kawawaki, Li Jin, Gulizaer Keyimu, and Chihiro Wakamiya (Chapter 5), Koji Kanagawa and Yuka Mizumoto (Chapter 6), and Yoshihiro Imai (Chapter 7), and with contributions from other IRP Secretariat staff, particularly Akira Morimoto, Liz Maly, and Ayako Fujimoto INTERNATIONAL RECOVE RY PLATFORM Cases and Practices on Role of Community in Recovery Acronyms 3R Respect, Responsibility and Redistribution 3S Solidarity, Sharing and Strengthening ADB Asian Development Bank CSF Common Service Facility CSRRP Community-Based Settlement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Project DMC District Management Consultant DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EU European Union GMU Gadjah Mada University GoI Government of Indonesia GSDMA Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IRP International Recovery Platform JRF Java Reconstruction Fund KUB Koperasi Usaha Bersama (Union of Communal Businesses) LGA Local Government Area MIS Management Information System NGO Non-Governmental Organizations NMC National Management Consultant NPO Non-profit organization ODR Owner-Driven Reconstruction OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development POM Project Operational Manual RI Relief International SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SIMS SETU Information Management System SRSC Setu Resource and Support Centre UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction US United States Cases and Practices on Community in Recovery | Acronyms i Note to Readers This compilation presents different cases of post disaster recovery highlighting the role of community. Involvement of community in the overall process of determining what is to be done, how it is to be done, who it is to benefit, and how to implement decisions to ―build back better‖ are emphasized. Most of the cases are originally told in local languages, and IRP took the initiative of translating them to English to make them available to global audience. Additionally, this compilation addresses knowledge gaps in recovery, especially in the context of community involvement. Experiences and lessons presented in the case studies are intended for dissemination to various stakeholders to provide further guidance and options for replication. It complements other knowledge products developed by IRP accessible at www.recoveryplatform.org. Cases and Practices on Community in Recovery | Preface ii Table of Contents Acronyms ___________________________________________________________________ i Note to Readers _______________________________________________________________ ii Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ iii CHAPTER 1 Introduction ____________________________________________________ 1 1.1. Community Involvement in Recovery __________________________________ 1 1.2. Community Involvement in the Context of Governance _______________ 2 1.3. Issues of Community Involvement in Recovery ________________________ 2 1.4. Objectives ______________________________________________________________ 3 1.5. Community Involvement: A Working Framework ______________________ 3 CHAPTER 2 Community Involvement and Governance ___________________ 6 2.1. Community Governance _______________________________________________ 6 2.2. Principles of Community Governance __________________________________ 8 2.3. Key Messages __________________________________________________________ 8 CHAPTER 3 YOGYAKARTA: “Gotong-Royong” in the Recovery Process __ _________________________________________________________________ 12 3.1. The Yogyakarta Earthquake of 27 May 2006 __________________________ 12 3.2. ―Gotong-Royong‖: A Mutual Help System ____________________________ 13 3.3. Application of ―Gotong-Royong‖ in Recovery _________________________ 14 3.4. Challenges and Lessons _______________________________________________ 22 3.5. Key Messages _________________________________________________________ 23 CHAPTER 4 GUJARAT: Transparency and Accountability in Recovery through “setus” _____________________________________________________________ 25 4.1. The Gujarat Earthquake of 26 January 2001 ___________________________ 25 4.2. Setus: Sub-centers for coordination ___________________________________ 26 4.3. Applications of Setus __________________________________________________ 30 4.4. Challenges and Lessons _______________________________________________ 33 4.5. Key Messages _________________________________________________________ 34 CHAPTER 5 SICHUAN: Government-Led Recovery and Community Partnerships _________________________________________________________________ 36 5.1. Damage Caused by the Sichuan Earthquake __________________________ 36 5.2. Governance in China and Government-Led Earthquake Recovery ____ 37 Cases and Practices on Community in Recovery | Table of Contents iii 5.3. Community Partnerships and Recovery Efforts ________________________ 42 5.4. Conclusions ___________________________________________________________ 48 CHAPTER 6 HANSHIN-AWAJI: The Activities of Intermediary Support Organizations in the Recovery Process __________________________ 53 6.1. Damage Caused by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake _____________ 54 6.2. Brief Description of the Voluntary Activities after the Disaster ________ 55 6.3. The Differentiation and Development of Intermediary Support Organizations ________________________________________________________________ 56 6.4. Examples of Intermediary Support Organizations _____________________ 57 6.5. Foundations and Structures That Support Intermediary Support Organizations ________________________________________________________________ 60 6.6. Local Governance and NPOs __________________________________________ 69 6.7. Conclusions ___________________________________________________________ 73 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION _________________________________________________ 77 7.1. Lessons and Implications Drawn from Each Case _____________________ 77 7.2. General Lessons on Good Governance ________________________________ 80 7.3. Challenge and Way Forward __________________________________________ 81 Annex 1: Disaster Management Systems and Related Laws on Involving Community _________________________________________________________________ 83 Annex 2: Related Resources on Community Involvement ____________________ 90 Annex 3: Acknowledgment ___________________________________________________ 91 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Spectrum of Responsibilities ..................................................................................... 4 Figure 2.1 Community Governance Continuum ...................................................................... 6 Figure 3.1 Affected Area of Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquake 2006 ….……12 Figure 3.2 Houses destroyed by earthquake ......................................................................... 13 Figure 3.3 Gotong royong in clearing rubbles .................................................................... 14 Figure 3.4 Gotong royong in housing reconstruction ...................................................... 14 Figure 3.5 The Artisan Workspace ............................................................................................. 18 Figure 3.6 Original design of Kasongan Terracotta Pottery ............................................ 18 Figure 3.7 Pottery designed by CSF .......................................................................................... 18 Figure 3.8 CSRR Project Flow ....................................................................................................... 21 Figure 4.1 Affected Area of Gujarat Earthquake 2001 ....................................................... 25 Figure 4.2 Setu serves as facilitation center ........................................................................... 27 Cases and Practices on Community in Recovery | Table of Contents iv Figure 4.3 Through a Setu, community is involved. ............................................................ 28 Figure 4.4 Information Collection Process .............................................................................. 29 Figure 4.5 Relationship of Stakeholders in the Setu System ........................................... 29 Figure 5.1 Affected Area of China Earthquake 2008 .......................................................... 36 Figure 5.2 The government organizational framework ..................................................... 37 Figure 5.3 Houses
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