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The Life-Cycle of the Barcelona Automobile-Industry Cluster, 1889-20151
The Life-Cycle of the Barcelona Automobile-Industry Cluster, 1889-20151 • JORDI CATALAN Universitat de Barcelona The life cycle of a cluster: some hypotheses Authors such as G. M. P. Swann and E. Bergman have defended the hy- pothesis that clusters have a life cycle.2 During their early history, clusters ben- efit from positive feedback such as strong local suppliers and customers, a pool of specialized labor, shared infrastructures and information externali- ties. However, as clusters mature, they face growing competition in input mar- kets such as real estate and labor, congestion in the use of infrastructures, and some sclerosis in innovation. These advantages and disadvantages combine to create the long-term cycle. In the automobile industry, this interpretation can explain the rise and decline of clusters such as Detroit in the United States or the West Midlands in Britain.3 The objective of this paper is to analyze the life cycle of the Barcelona au- tomobile- industry cluster from its origins at the end of the nineteenth centu- ry to today. The Barcelona district remained at the top of the Iberian auto- mobile clusters for a century. In 2000, when Spain had reached sixth position 1. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International Conference of Au- tomotive History (Philadelphia 2012), the 16th World Economic History Congress (Stellen- bosch 2012), and the 3rd Economic History Congress of Latin America (Bariloche 2012). I would like to thank the participants in the former meetings for their comments and sugges- tions. This research benefitted from the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Econo- my (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the projects HAR2012-33298 (Cycles and industrial development in the economic history of Spain) and HAR2015-64769-P (Industrial crisis and productive recovery in the Spanish history). -
The London to Brighton Veteran Car Run Sale Veteran Motor Cars and Related Automobilia Friday 31 October 2014
The London To brighTon veTeran car run saLe veteran Motor cars and related automobilia Friday 31 October 2014 The London To brighTon veTeran car run saLe veteran Motor cars and related automobilia Friday 31 October 2014 at 13:30 101 New Bond Street, London viewing bids enquiries cusToMer services Thursday 30 October 14:00 to 16.30 +44 (0) 20 7447 7448 Motor Cars Monday to Friday 08.30 to 18:00 Friday 31 October from 09.30 +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax +44 (0) 20 7468 5801 +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 To bid via the internet please visit +44 (0) 20 7468 5802 fax www.bonhams.com [email protected] Please see page 2 for bidder saLe TiMes information including after-sale Friday 31 October: We regret that we are unable to Automobilia collection and shipment Automobilia 13:30 accept telephone bids for lots with +44 (0) 8700 273 619 Motor Cars 15:30 a low estimate below £500. +44 (0) 8700 273 625 fax Please see back of catalogue Absentee bids will be accepted. [email protected] for important notice to bidders saLe nuMber New bidders must also provide 21903 proof of identity when submitting illusTraTions bids. Failure to do so may result in Front cover: Lot 214 caTaLogue your bids not being processed. Back cover: Lot 222 £25.00 + p&p Live online bidding is available for this sale Please email [email protected] with “Live bidding” in the subject line 48 hours before the auction to register for this service Bonhams 1793 Limited Bonhams 1793 Ltd Directors Bonhams UK Ltd Directors Registered No. -
Rencontre Européenne Nb. 8 Peter Sutherland
41, boulevard des Capucines - 75002 Paris – France Tel. : +33 1 44 58 97 97/98 - Fax : +33 1 44 58 97 99 Site : www.notre-europe.eu - email : [email protected] RENCONTRE EUROPÉENNE NB. 8 PETER SUTHERLAND JUNE 2008 ‘To be truly Irish we have to be European first’ ‘We need the European Union to bind us to other people’ Peter Sutherland The Spire and statue of Jim Larkin on O’Connell Street Interview with Peter Sutherland A fervently pro-European Irishman, Peter Sutherland has held important political mandates in his country, as well as at the European and international level. He was appointed Attorney General of Ireland in the governments of Garret FitzGerald, before becoming European Commissioner for Competition in the first Delors Commission (1985-89). He subsequently became Director General of GATT (now WTO). Peter Sutherland is currently serving as Chairman of BP, of Goldman Sachs International and is the UN Special Representative for Migration. We met him at his house in Dublin, prior to the Irish referendum on the Lisbon Treaty. What made you such a convinced European? From a very early stage, as a university student already, I was a committed European. We could see at first hand in this country the enormous suffering created by extreme nationalism which in turn was a reaction to injustice. Nationalism – often combined with religion, as was the case in Northern Ireland – has often led to conflict throughout history. According to one opinion poll I saw years ago the Irish are the proudest people of all; they have the greatest sense of their own nationality. -
P111,3 Peter Sutherland.Indd
UNCTAD XII Free trade and the global economy INTERVIEW WITH PETER SUTHERLAND CHAIRMAN, GOLDMAN SACHS INTERNATIONAL AND CHAIRMAN, BP PLC Can global free trade ever benefit both the do not believe provide the same security for global developing and developed worlds equally? trade and which will create difficulties in terms of the Well over a billion people have been lifted out of poverty mixed bag of access arrangements that will follow, globally in the last ten years, out of a total population of particularly for small and medium sized industries. just over five billion. That’s never happened before in Such agreements do not provide the same security or the history of mankind and it has come about, primarily have the same authority as the WTO, which in effect in Asia, as a benefit of globalisation and free trade. As for provides a quasi-judicial mechanism for adjudicating those who have not been beneficiaries of global trade, it is on disputes with global authority. Whereas with most not that global trade agreements are negatively affecting bilateral arrangements, particularly between the them, it is that globalisation is passing them by. Why? developed and the developing countries, the cards are PETER SUTHERLAND Because they neither have the physical nor the human stacked in favour of the developed countries because of is Chairman of BP plc infrastructure, in terms of education and so on, to enable their enhanced power of negotiation, and the absence since 1997 and Chairman them to be part of it. After all globalisation really is, and of a credible adjudication mechanism. -
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the Year Ended 31 July 2015 CONTENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 July 2015 CONTENTS 2 Report of the Chairman of the Court of Governors 3 Report of the Director of the School 4-16 Report of the Directors 17-19 Accounting Policies 20 Consolidated Income and Expenditure Account 21 Statement of Total Recognised Gains and Losses 22 Balance Sheets 23 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 24-39 Notes to the Accounts 40 Five Year Group Financial Summary 41-44 Corporate Governance and Internal Control Statement 45 Environmental Policy 46 Endowment Investment Performance 47 Report of the Auditors 49 Directors of the School and Members of the Council REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COURT OF GOVERNORS I am delighted to have been appointed Chairman of the LSE. It would be a privilege 2 at any time to be associated with such a prestigious educational establishment, but these are especially exciting times, as the School celebrates the 120th anniversary of its foundation. I am committed to ensuring that during my tenure the School remains focused and ambitious in its commitment to its core mission, delivering world- class teaching, research and public engagement. I am exceedingly grateful to my predecessor, Peter Sutherland, for his dedicated service to the School as Chairman, and trust that he remains a friend to us following his retirement, and despite his extensive and prestigious portfolio of continuing responsibilities. Since taking up my role in February, I have instituted a full-scale review As ever, the School has put on an enviable programme of public lectures of governance, to ensure that everyone within and outside the School and events, and among other illustrious speakers we welcomed this year community understands and respects the workings of the institution. -
What Future for Federalism? About the CER
Gilles Andréani ★ What future for federalism? about the CER The Centre for European Reform is a think-tank devoted to improving the quality of the debate on the European Union. It is a forum for people with ideas from Britain and across the contintent to discuss the many social, political and economic challenges facing Europe. It seeks to work with similar bodies in other European countries, North America and elsewhere in the world. The CER is pro-European but not uncritical. It regards European integration What future as largely beneficial but recognises that in many respects the Union does not work well. The CER therefore aims to promote new ideas and policies for reforming the European Union. ★ for Director: CHARLES GRANT ADVISORY BOARD PERCY BARNEVIK................................................................................ Chairman, AstraZeneca CARL BILDT................................................................................ Former Swedish Prime Minister federalism? ANTONIO BORGES............................................................................... Former Dean of INSEAD NICK BUTLER (CHAIR)............................... Group Vice President for Policy Development, BP p.l.c. LORD DAHRENDORF ............ Former Warden of St Antony’s College, Oxford & EU Commissioner VERNON ELLIS..................................................................... International Chairman, Accenture JOHN GRAY........................................................................ Professor of European Thought, LSE LORD HANNAY......................................................... -
Scripting Memory: Hollywood, the Federal Government, And
SCRIPTING MEMORY: HOLLYWOOD, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, AND PUBLIC MEMORY IN WWII by Jason Jonathan Rivas, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in History December 2020 Committee Members: Nancy K. Berlage, Chair Ellen D. Tillman Angela F. Murphy COPYRIGHT by Jason Jonathan Rivas 2020 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Jason Jonathan Rivas, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION To my mother, Blanca, for never giving up on me. Your eagle finally found his wings. To my fiancée, Courtney Stevens, for being the Linda to my Paul McCartney. Ram on. To every high school dropout with a dream. We are more than just a statistic. I’m rooting for you. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first want to thank my mother, Blanca, and my fiancée, Courtney Stevens, for their love and support. Mom, I would not be me if it were not for you showing me that it is okay to be so. Courtney, there are no words to describe the incredible support you provide me and my work throughout the years. -
Urban Water Management and Market Environmentalism in Spain
Urban Water Management and Market Environmentalism: A Historical Perspective for Barcelona and Madrid Hug March Corbella Tesi Doctoral Programa de Doctorat en Ciències Ambientals Gener 2010 Direcció: Dr. David Saurí Pujol INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIA I TECNOLOGIA AMBIENTALS (ICTA), FACULTAT DE CIÈNCIES DEPARTAMENT DE GEOGRAFIA, FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I LLETRES UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA Urban Water Management and Market Environmentalism: A Historical Perspective for Barcelona and Madrid Programa de Doctorat en Ciències Ambientals INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIA I TECNOLOGIA AMBIENTALS (ICTA), FACULTAT DE CIÈNCIES Memòria realitzada per Hug March Corbella, sota la direcció del Dr. David Saurí Pujol, del Grup de Recerca en Aigua, Territori i Sostenibilitat (GRATS) del Departament de Geografia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, per optar al grau de Doctor en Ciències Ambientals. HUG MARCH CORBELLA DAVID SAURÍ PUJOL Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Gener de 2010 Tesi realitzada amb el finançament del Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya i del Fons Social Europeu, i amb el suport del Departament de Geografia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona A la meva família per tot el que m’heu donat i perquè sense vosaltres no hauria estat possible. I a tu nina, per la teva paciència, comprensió, i sobretot amor. i a vegades ens en sortim… (Manel, Captatio benevolentiae) Agraïments: al David Saurí, el meu director, pel seu suport i els seus consells, al Departament de Geografia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona per haver recolzat la meva recerca i al Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya pel finançament de la mateixa. -
Recent Studies of Book Illustration and Engraving, Including Cartography, 1985–2016 This Bibliography Surveys Scholarship Publ
Recent Studies of Book Illustration and Engraving, including Cartography, 1985–2016 This bibliography surveys scholarship published between 1985–2016 on engraving, including illustrations, prints, and emblems, as well as cartography, during the long eighteenth century (roughly 1650–1820). The focus is on Europe and the Americas, but some of Asian developments, particularly Japanese, have been included. The bibliography is most inclusive for the years 1990-2014, in consequence of my compiling studies from those years for Section 1— "Printing and Bibliographical Studies"—of the ECCB: The Eighteenth-Century Current Bibliography. A shorter version of this list without cartographic materials appeared in The East- Central Intelligencer, n.s. 15, no. 1 (January 2001), 58-77. Then an intermediate version appeared at Kevin Berland's C18-L website. During 2015–17, I expanded the list four times, with it now reaching 236 pages in typescript. The bibliography includes cartography (particularly the printed products of map-making), but excellent annual surveys of cartographic publications have been compiled by Francis Herbert, Wouter Bracke, and Nick Millea for Imago Mundi (entered under their names below). It lists dissertations and reviews for books. Focused on printed sources, it fails to note some valuable electronic sources, such as Juliette Sodt's website on illustration in botanical books, <www. library.wwu.edu/ref/subjguides/BOTILL.htm>, and many exhibition catalogues posted on the web by museums (only some recent exhibitions are included). Also, some studies in my bibliography of children’s literature at BibSite, as those on chapbooks, could also have been placed into this bibliography on engraving but were not. -
EU Relations with China and Russia: How to Approach New Superpowers in Trade Matters
Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology Vol. 4, Issue 1 (2009) EU Relations with China and Russia: How to Approach New Superpowers in Trade Matters Dr Rafael Leal-Arcas∗ Senior Lecturer in Law & Deputy Director of Graduate Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, 67-69 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3JB, United Kingdom; 2008-2009 Tillar House Resident Fellow, American Society of International Law; 2008-2009 Fellow, Georgetown University Law Center (Institute of International Economic Law). Contact: [email protected] Abstract: This paper analyzes the potential of partnerships of the European Union (EU) with China and Russia. The scope of analysis will be the EU vis-à-vis these two countries, using three types of trade liberalization: unilateralism, bilateralism/regionalism, and multilateralism. The paper argues that the EU’s objective of engaging with China and Russia on trade matters is to establish peace, security, and prosperity in the XXI century. Trade creates economic ties and generates more welfare; thus it contributes to peace and security. The paper concludes that, although the EU does want cooperation with both countries, using trade policy as a “carrot” in a policy centered approach does not have much scope beyond current existing efforts. The European Commission’s Directorate- General for external trade is already very active. Few new initiatives seem possible. Moreover, a free-trade agreement between the European Community and Russia/China does not seem to be a suitable trade instrument at the moment. 1. Introduction This paper aims at understanding the potential of partnerships of the European Union (EU) with China and Russia (two major new leading powers (NLP)), focusing on international trade law and policy. -
Summer 2008 Vol 20 Number 1 Magazine
Summer 2008 Vol 20 Number 1 Magazine 54 Lincoln’s Inn Fields LSE’s newest building takes shape THE MAGAZINE FOR ALUMNI OF THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE LSE Residences are open to commercial guests during vacations. 10% discount available to alumni, staff and students. With low prices in unbeatable central London locations it’s the ideal place to stay! OF LONDON www.lsevacations.co.uk Individuals, families and groups welcome Singles from £32* Twins from £50* Triples from £64* Good quality, affordable accommodation (*Summer 2008 rates) in unbeatable central locations For further information and booking enquiries contact us on +44 (0)20 7955 7575 or email [email protected] Book online at www.lsevacations.co.uk Accommodation availability Summer 2008 5 July – 27 September Christmas 2008-09 13 December – 10 January Easter 2009 21 March – 26 April Bankside House London SE1 Butler’s Wharf London SE1 Carr-Saunders Hall London W1 Grosvenor House Studios London WC2 High Holborn London WC1 Northumberland House London WC2 Passfield Hall London WC1 Rosebery Hall London EC1 Contents Editor’s message Features If there is a theme to this issue, it’s travel and change. 6 The power game Peter Sutherland, the new chair of LSE Court of Paul Kennedy debates Governors, writes about migration in today’s globalised American power in today’s world and describes the urge to move in pursuit of a fractured world. better life as ‘one of the most natural and powerful’ of 9 Beyond borders all human instincts. The dynamics of migration So it is fitting that we should also look in this issue at the are evolving with remarkable United States, a country whose history is intimately linked speed. -
English Selection of the WTO Director-General
South Centre Analytical Note January 2005 SC/TADP/AN/IG/8 Original: English Selection of the WTO Director-General: Some Points to Consider Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................... 1 I. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2 II. Identifying and Selecting the Right WTO Director-General ................................................ 4 A. Indicative criteria for assessing the candidates ................................................................ 4 B. Possible sources of information about the candidates ...................................................... 6 III. Following the Right Process................................................................................................6 A. Transparency, Participation, and Consensus Decision-Making....................................... 6 B. Vetoes and Voting ............................................................................................................8 IV. Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 10 Annex I:A – Powers and Functions of the WTO Director-General ........................................ 11 Annex I:B – Rules Governing the Exercise of Powers and Functions of the WTO Director- General ......................................................................................................................