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High Risk, Naturalized, Disturbance Weed, Edible, Elastically-Projected Family: Oxalidaceae Taxon: Oxalis barrelieri Synonym: NA Common Name: lavender sorrel oseille marron oseille savane trèfle Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 13 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 12/12/2012 Oxalis barrelieri (Oxalidaceae) Page 1 of 8 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 1 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 y areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 y 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 13 Print Date: 12/12/2012 Oxalis barrelieri (Oxalidaceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 1980. Woodson, Jr.; R.E./Schery, R.W./Lourteig, [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] A.. Flora of Panama. Part IV. Family 84. Oxalidaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 67(4): 823-850. 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1980. Woodson, Jr.; R.E./Schery, R.W./Lourteig, [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "This species occurs A.. Flora of Panama. Part IV. Family 84. in tropical and subtropical America." Oxalidaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 67(4): 823-850. 202 1980. Woodson, Jr.; R.E./Schery, R.W./Lourteig, [Quality of climate match data 2-High] A.. Flora of Panama. Part IV. Family 84. Oxalidaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 67(4): 823-850. 203 1999. Chung, R.C.K./Budi Rahayu, S.S.. Oxalis [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Oxalis barrelieri occurs L.[Internet] Record from Proseabase. de from sea-level up to 1500 m altitude…" Elevation range exceeds 1000 m; Guzman, C.C. and Siemonsma, J.S. (Editors). environmental versatility] PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia http://www.proseanet.org [Accessed 10 Dec 2012] 204 1980. Woodson, Jr.; R.E./Schery, R.W./Lourteig, [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "This A.. Flora of Panama. Part IV. Family 84. species occurs in tropical and subtropical America." Oxalidaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 67(4): 823-850. 205 1980. Woodson, Jr.; R.E./Schery, R.W./Lourteig, [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural A.. Flora of Panama. Part IV. Family 84. range? Yes] "This species occurs in tropical and subtropical America. It is Oxalidaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical introduced into some tropical places of the Old World." Garden. 67(4): 823-850. 205 1985. Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiensis Nova: A New [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. range? Yes] "...introduced into parts of Africa, Ceylon, and Malesia; it has been National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, HI noted as an occasional weed in the Caroline and Mariana Islands and Samoa..." 301 1985. Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiensis Nova: A New [Naturalized beyond native range? Fiji] "an infrequent weed of roadsides and Flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. cultivated areas" National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, HI 301 1988. Corlett, R.T.. The Naturalized Flora of [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes. Singapore] "Exotic vascular plant species Singapore. Journal of Biogeography. 15(4): 657- naturalized in Singapore, with habit, region of origin, probable reason for 663. introduction (orn. =as ornamental), date of first record in Singapore (R=first record in Ridley (1922-25) and current status (c=common, l=local, r=rare)." [Oxalis barrelieri - common] 301 1994. Whistler, W.A.. Botanical Inventory of the [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Erect herb with opposite or alternate, Proposed Tutuila and Ofu Units of the National trifoliate leaves, long-stalked axillary inflorescences of pink, 5-merous flowers, Park of American Samoa. Technical Report 87. and a ribbed, cylindrical fruit with an acute tip. Occasional in disturbed places, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies reported only from the lowlands. A modem introduction, native to tropical Unit UH Manoa, Honolulu, HI America." 301 1998. Francis, J.K./Alemaiiy, S./Liogier, [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes. Malaysia] "Table 1. No. of sampling plots H.A./Proctor, G.R.. The Flora of Cañón de San for each forest type and the total number of plots in which each non-native Cristobal, Puerto Rico. General Technical Report species was recorded" [Oxalis barrelieri in abandoned paddy field plot] IITF-4. USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 301 1998. Whistler, A.. A Study of the Rare Plants of [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes. American Samoa] "Herb uncommon in American Samoa. US Fsh & Wildlife Service, disturbed places, reported from near sea level to 900 m elevation. A modem Honolulu, HI introduction, native to tropical America. TU, TA." 301 1999. Chung, R.C.K./Budi Rahayu, S.S.. Oxalis [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Oxalis barrelieri is native to tropical L.[Internet] Record from Proseabase. de South America, but has naturalized in many areas. It was first observed in Java in Guzman, C.C. and Siemonsma, J.S. (Editors). 1888. In South East Asia it is common in Indonesia (Sumatra, Bangka, Java, PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) Irian Jaya), Peninsular Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea." Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia http://www.proseanet.org [Accessed 10 Dec 2012] Print Date: 12/12/2012 Oxalis barrelieri (Oxalidaceae) Page 3 of 8 301 2012. Flora of Australia Online. Oxalis barrelieri. [Naturalized beyond native range? Christmas Island] "Christmas Is. Sometimes Australian Biological Resources Study, grown in gardens and has also been collected in secondary vegetation. A native http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online- of tropical S America. This species has been widely cultivated and has resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=55172 established itself in many places. " [Accessed 12 Dec 2012] 302 1985. Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiensis Nova: A New [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed?] "...it has been noted as an occasional weed Flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. in the Caroline and Mariana Islands and Samoa" National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, HI 302 2000. Burkill, H.M.. Useful Plants of West [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed] "...open waste spaces and cultivations; on Tropical Africa Volume 4. Royal Botanic foothills to submontane altitude: native of tropical America and W Indies, and now Gardens,, Kew recorded in Ivory Coast as a weed…" 302 2000.
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