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STUDY GUIDE Physical Education

History of Basketball

Basketball:

A game played with a round leather-covered call by two teams on a rectangular court. James A. Naismith invented basketball in 1891. Naismith was a physical education teacher at the International YMCA Training School (now ) in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was asked by the school to create a team sport that could be played indoors during the winter. At first two wooden peach baskets were chosen as goals. They were hung at teach end of the gymnasium. A soccer ball was selected and play was begun with seven, eight, and sometimes nine men on each side. The game was started, as it its today, by having a referee toss the ball up at midcourt between two players from opposing sides. The sport proved an immediate success with players. The peach baskets were quickly replaced by metal ones and, 1906, by open hoops of the kind used today. Backboards were introduced to keep over enthusiastic spectators from interfering with the ball. Basketball spread rapidly across the Untied States and was being played by many YMCA groups, high schools, colleges, and semi-professional and professional teams. Naismith published his 13 original rules in the YMCA Training School newspaper. But many groups established their own rules and were still playing by them as late as 1915.This led to confusion, and for several years basketball was an undisciplined games without uniform interpretation. Not until late in 1915 did the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Amateur Athletic Union get together and form the Joint Basketball Rules Committee. This committee through the years 1915-1934 developed a standard set of basketball rules. The object of the game is to score more points than your opponents. The development if scoring opportunities is the ability to perform the basic fundamental skills to get the ball into position where shooting percentages are the highest. To do this players, must be skillful shooters, and they must be able to move skillfully without the basketball. When a player is not shooting and has the ball, he must cut through the lane, fake, and set screens. All of these fundamentals are necessary to get the best possible percentage shot. One of the most important fundamentals of basketball is the defense each team plays. If players work hard on defense and keep the other player and team from scoring, then the offense does not have to score as many points. This gives a chance to teams that are not so skillful offensively but have the determination to work hard on defense

Basic Rule of the Game Each team is composed of five players who may play the entire court area. The game on the high school level is composed of four eight-minute quarters. One minute is taken for rest after the 1st and 3rd quarter. A ten-minute intermission takes place between halves. The playing time is continuous except for when the clock is stopped for violations, fouls, time outs and/or substitutions. A team scores two points when the ball passes through the basket in regular play. This is known as a . A field goal behind the three- line is worth three points. The player must be behind the line upon release of the shot. A is awarded to a team as a result of certain infractions of rules by their opponents. If the free throw is made, the basket scores one point. The winner of the game is the team, which leads at the end of the 4th quarter. If the score is tied, the winner is determined by playing one or more extra three-minute periods. To start the game and each extra period, the ball shall be put in play in the circle by a between any two opponents. On the jump ball an tosses the ball upward between two opponents, each of whom must be outside the restraining circles until the ball is tapped. To start the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarters, the ball shall be put in play by a throw-in under the alternating possession procedure. Once a team has gained possession of the ball, any player may throw, pass, dribble or roll the ball to another teammate; he may also shoot the basketball at any time. He may hold the ball up to five seconds while he is closely guarded, then he must pass it. In addition, he may pivot with the ball, and may take two steps to stop upon catching the ball on the run or in stopping after a dribble. It is also legal for a player to tie the ball by placing one or both hands firmly on it while it is in possession of another player. It is also legal to take or to the ball from the opponent. If a jump ball occurs, the teams will alternate taking the ball out of bounds for a throw in. After a goal is scored, the opponents of the scoring team put the ball back into play by taking it out of bounds under the opponent's goal. There are a number of things a player may not do. These are categorized into major and minor infractions of the rules. The minor infractions are called violations. If a occurs, the opponents are awarded possession of the ball out of bounds at the side-line opposite where the infraction was made. It is a violation: 1. Cause the ball to go out of bounds 2. Hold the ball for more than five seconds while being closely guarded, more than five seconds while out of bounds, or more than ten seconds before shooting a free throw. 3. Touch a boundary line while in possession of the ball. 4. Kick the ball intentionally 5. Touch the ball with more than one hand on other than the first bounce of a dribble 6. Touch the ball with more than one hand on other than the first bounce of a dribble 7. Enter the restraining circle before the ball is tossed on a jump ball 8. For players positioned around the restraining circle on the jump ball to change positions until the ball is tossed. 9. Have a player with out the ball stay in the free throw lane for more than 3 seconds while his team has possession of the ball in its own from court. Terms: Blocking out- A tactic employed by the defensive team to keep the offensive players behind them and prevent them from gaining rebounding position - To place two defensive players to guard the player with the ball Dribble- Successive bounces of the ball in which each bounce after the first must be by one hand Drive- A tactic used by an offensive player in which he dribbles toward the basket Fake- A decoy or feinting movement designed to draw an opponent out of position - After taking possession of the ball at the defensive end of the floor, to make a rapid attack on the opponent’s goal before they can recover Free Lance- A type of offense in which players are given the freedom to make their own moves against the defensive weaknesses Give and go- A team effort on offense, passing the ball to a teammate (the give), and moving into an opening to take a return pass (the go) - Difficult to guard, this shot is released at the top of the shooter jump Lay-up- A shot taken at close range to the basket while the shooter is on the move Man to Man- defense alignment in which each player is assigned to defend against one specific offensive opponent Press- A defensive attempt to force an opponent into making a mistake Roll- An offensive technique in which a player cuts for the basket after having a Screen- A human partition set by one offensive player placing himself in front of a teammate’s opponent so that the ball handler may have an open shot Set Shot- Any shot taken from a stationary position Trap-A defensive tactic in which two players double-team an opponent Zone- Any type of defense which begins with players assigned to cover specific areas of the court rather than a specific person