Stable Isotope Investigations on Speleothems from Different Cave Systems in Germany
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In Search of the Indiana Lenape
IN SEARCH OF THE INDIANA LENAPE: A PREDICTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE LENAPE LIVING ALONG THE WHITE RIVER IN INDIANA FROM 1790 - 1821 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY JESSICA L. YANN DR. RONALD HICKS, CHAIR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER 2009 Table of Contents Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................ iii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Research Goals ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Theory and Methods ................................................................................................. 6 Explaining Contact and Its Material Remains ............................................................................. 6 Predicting the Intensity of Change and its Effects on Identity................................................... 14 Change and the Lenape .............................................................................................................. 16 Methods .................................................................................................................................... -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Geomorphological Studies of the Sedimentary Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh, South India
SSRG International Journal of Geoinformatics and Geological Science (SSRG-IJGGS) – Volume 7 Issue 2 – May – Aug 2020 Geomorphological studies of the Sedimentary Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh, South India Maheswararao. R1, Srinivasa Gowd. S1*, Harish Vijay. G1, Krupavathi. C1, Pradeep Kumar. B1 Dept. of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa-516005, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract: The crescent shaped Cuddapah basin located Annamalai Surface - at an altitude of over 8000’ (2424 mainly in the southern part of Andhra Pradesh and a m), ii. Ootacamund Surface – at 6500’-7500’ (1969- little in the Telangana State is one of the Purana 2272 m) on the west and at 3500’ (1060m) on the east basins. Extensive work was carried out on the as noticed in Tirumala hills, iii. Karnataka Surface - stratigraphy of the basin, but there is very little 2700’-3000’ (Vaidynathan, 1964). 2700-3300 reference (Vaidynathan,1964) on the geomorphology of (Subramanian, 1973) 2400-3000 (Radhakrishna, 1976), the basin. Hence, an attempt is made to present the iv. Hyderabad Surface – at 1600’ – 2000’v. Coastal geomorphology of the unique basin. The Major Surface – well developed east of the basin.vi. Fossil Geomorphic units correspond to geological units. The surface: The unconformity between the sediments of the important Physiographic units of the Cuddapah basin Cuddapah basin and the granitic basement is similar to are Palakonda hill range, Seshachalam hill range, ‘Fossil Surface’. Gandikota hill range, Velikonda hill range, Nagari hills, Pullampet valley and Kundair valley. In the Cuddapah Basin there are two major river systems Key words: Topography, Land forms, Denudational, namely, the Penna river system and the Krishna river Pediment zone, Fluvial. -
December 2010
International I F L A Preservation PP AA CC o A Newsletter of the IFLA Core Activity N . 52 News on Preservation and Conservation December 2010 Tourism and Preservation: Some Challenges INTERNATIONAL PRESERVATION Tourism and Preservation: No 52 NEWS December 2010 Some Challenges ISSN 0890 - 4960 International Preservation News is a publication of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Core 6 Activity on Preservation and Conservation (PAC) The Economy of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Conservation that reports on the preservation Valéry Patin activities and events that support efforts to preserve materials in the world’s libraries and archives. 12 IFLA-PAC Bibliothèque nationale de France Risks Generated by Tourism in an Environment Quai François-Mauriac with Cultural Heritage Assets 75706 Paris cedex 13 France Miloš Drdácký and Tomáš Drdácký Director: Christiane Baryla 18 Tel: ++ 33 (0) 1 53 79 59 70 Fax: ++ 33 (0) 1 53 79 59 80 Cultural Heritage and Tourism: E-mail: [email protected] A Complex Management Combination Editor / Translator Flore Izart The Example of Mauritania Tel: ++ 33 (0) 1 53 79 59 71 Jean-Marie Arnoult E-mail: fl [email protected] Spanish Translator: Solange Hernandez Layout and printing: STIPA, Montreuil 24 PAC Newsletter is published free of charge three times a year. Orders, address changes and all The Challenge of Exhibiting Dead Sea Scrolls: other inquiries should be sent to the Regional Story of the BnF Exhibition on Qumrân Manuscripts Centre that covers your area. 3 See -
World Karst Science Reviews
REVIEWS AND REPORTS / POROčILA world karst science reviews International Journal of Speleology ISSN 0392-6672 October 2008 Volume 37, Number 3 Contact: Jo De Waele [email protected] Website: �ttp://www.ijs.speleo.it/ Special issue on Palaeoclimate, guest editor: Dominique Genty TABLE OF CONTENTS Report of a t�ree-year monitoring programme at Hes�ang Cave, Central C�ina. Hu C., Henderson G.M., Huang J., C�en Z. and Jo�nson K.R., pp. 143 -151. The environmental features of t�e Monte Corc�ia cave system (Apuan Alps, Central Italy) and t�eir effects on spele- ot�em growt�. Piccini L., Zanc�etta G., Drysdale R.N., Hellstrom J., Isola I., Fallick A.E., Leone G., Doveri M., Mussi M., Mantelli F., Molli G., Lotti L., Roncioni A., Regattieri E., Mecc�eri M. and Vaselli L., pp. 153-172. Palaeoclimate Researc� in Villars Cave (Dordogne, SW-France). Genty D., pp. 173-191. Annually Laminated Speleot�ems: a Review. Baker A., Smit� C.L., Jex C., Fairc�ild I.J., Genty D. and Fuller L., pp. 193-206. Environmental Monitoring in t�e Mec�ara caves, Sout�eastern Et�iopia: Implications for Speleot�em Palaeoclimate Studies. Asrat A., Baker A., Leng M.J., Gunn J. and Umer M., pp. 207-220. Monitoring climatological, �ydrological and geoc�emical parameters in t�e Père Noël cave (Belgium): implication for t�e interpretation of speleot�em isotopic and geoc�emical time-series. Ver�eyden S., Genty D., Deflandre G., Quinif Y. and Keppens E., pp. 221-234. BOOK REVIEWS Jo De Waele Inside mot�er Eart� (Max Wiss�ak, Edition Reuss, 152 pages, 2008 - ISBN 978-3-934020-67-2) Arrigo A. -
Belief, Ritual, and the Evolution of Religion
Belief, Ritual, and the Evolution of Religion Oxford Handbooks Online Belief, Ritual, and the Evolution of Religion Matt J. Rossano and Benjamin Vandewalle The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Religion Edited by James R. Liddle and Todd K. Shackelford Subject: Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Online Publication Date: Oct 2016 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199397747.013.8 Abstract and Keywords This chapter outlines an evolutionary scenario for the emergence of religion. From cognitive science, four mental prerequisites of religious cognition are discussed: (1) hyperactive agency detection, (2) theory of mind, (3) imagination, and (4) altered states of consciousness. Evidence for these prerequisites in nonhuman primates suggests their presence in our early hominin ancestors. From comparative psychology, evidence of ritual behavior in nonhuman primates and other species is reviewed. Archeological evidence of ritual behavior is also discussed. Collectively, these data indicate that the first step toward religion was an elaboration of primate social rituals to include group synchronized activities such as dancing, chanting, and singing. Control of fire, pigment use, and increasing brain size would have intensified group synchronized rituals over time, which, in the context of increased intergroup interactions, eventually led to the first evidence of supernatural ritual at about 70,000 years before present. Keywords: agency detection, burial, cave art, costly signals, evolution, religion, ritual, synchronized movement, theory of mind Anyone interested in probing the evolutionary origins of religion faces a formidable challenge: Belief is central to religion, and belief does not fossilize in the archeological record. Looking at a half-million-year-old Acheulean hand axe may tell us something about the maker’s technical skills, diet, hunting practices, and lifestyle, but very little about his or her beliefs—let alone the supernatural beliefs inherent to most religions. -
Casleguard Cave 2005
Castleguard Cave 2005 First ascent of the 200-foot aven Text by Marek Vokáˇc Photos by Christian Rushfeldt, Bjørn Myrvold, Jørn Halvorsen, Marek Vokáˇc First edition October 27, 2006 Copyright notice: Overall copyright © 2006 Marek Vokáˇc. Photographers retain their copy- right © to individual images as specified in photo credits/captions. Permission is generally granted for individual, non-commercial use of this report, provided due credit is given. Parks Canada is additionally granted permission for other non-commercial use and distribution. Author contact: Marek Vokáˇc Thorleifs Allé 5c 0489 Oslo Norway email: [email protected] Telephone: +47 934 92 857 Cover photo: Marek Vokáˇcclimbing the aven, by Christian Rushfeldt (CC05-064) Dedicated to all whose generous support made this trip possible, and a success: my wife and children; the team; their families; and our colleagues and employers Introduction Castleguard Cave lies in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, close to the Saskatchewan Glacier. To get to the cave from Calgary, one drives the beautiful Icefields Parkway, past Lake Louise and Banff, preferably staying at the Saksatchewan Crossing hotel. Getting to the cave entrance is a full-day ski trip. The cave itself was known early in the 1900’s, and was visited by tourists with horses and mules. The biggest attraction were the sudden floods coming out of the entrance, where the dry opening would change into a roaring river in a few seconds. Modern cave exploration started in 1967, during the summer. The explorers were caught by a sudden rise in the water and trapped inside the first drop. After 18 hours the water level dropped enough for them to get out; soon after that, the waters rose again and ran for weeks. -
ACTIVITY 7 – MARKING GUIDELINE: 1. a – Cuesta B – Homoclinal Ridge C
ACTIVITY 7 – MARKING GUIDELINE: 1. A – Cuesta B – Homoclinal ridge C – Hogsback 2. Sedimentary 3. Inclined rocks with different resistance to erosion. Soft rock erodes away more quickly than hard rock. 4. The dip slope is 10–25° to the horizontal. Folding can result in cuesta basins and cuesta domes. 5. Farming can take place on dip slopes. Roads and railways can be built parallel to these landscapes. Gaps or poorts between homoclinal ridges can be good sites to build dams. Cuesta basins yield artesian water. Cuesta domes may contain oil and natural gas (fracking). Fertile valleys and plains between cuestas are suitable for human settlements. These ridges are used for forestry, tourism, recreation and nature conservation. These ridges can be used for defence purposes. (Accept any relevant answer) ACTIVITY 8 – MARKING GUIDELINE: 1. It occurs when strata are subjected to stress (compression, tension, volcanic intrusion, or tectonic movement) and they become tilted relative to their original (horizontal) position. Faulting or folding causes the strata to be tilted. The beds may be inclined in any direction with the angle of the dip slope between 0º to 90º. 2. Cuesta dome 3. The scarp slope faces inward, and dip slopes faces outward. 4. HOMOCLINICAL RIDGE: HOGSBACK: 5. HOMOCLINICAL RIDGE: HOGSBACK: • The angle of the dip slope lies 25º – 45º; • The angle of the dip slope is more than 45º; • Rivers cut poorts through the ridges; • There is very little difference in the gradient of the scarp and dip slopes ACTIVITY 9 – MARKING GUIDELINE: 1. A ridge that develop in tilted sedimentary rock characterised by a gentle slope and a steep slope 2. -
Burgen Im Biosphärengebiet
Burgen im Biosphärengebiet BURGEN UND KULTURLANDSCHAFT BURGEN UND IHRE HERREN Der Burgenbau prägte die Alblandschaft – Geologie und Eine Burg wollte versorgt und gut geschützt sein. All dies Im Biosphärengebiet Schwäbische Alb finden sich rund 150 Relief der Alb wirkten aber auch auf den Burgenbau ein. erforderte Eingriffe in die natürliche Umgebung, die heute Burgen, Burgstellen und Adelssitze des Mittelalters, von Eine folgenreiche Entwicklung des Mittelalters war die Er- prägende Elemente der Kulturlandschaft darstellen. Dazu unscheinbaren Wallanlagen bis zu großen stauferzeitlichen richtung von Höhenburgen durch den Adel. Die Alb mit ih- gehören umfangreiche Wall-Grabensysteme wie am Hohen- Ruinen, die an die Glanzzeit höfischer und ritterlicher Kul- ren hoch aufragenden Zeugenbergen am Albtrauf und ihren hundersingen, aber auch Versorgungseinrichtungen wie tur erinnern, aber stets auch machtvolle Symbole adeligen Massenkalkfelsen über den tief eingeschnittenen Tälern der Fischteiche im Umfeld der Burgen. Keine Burg ohne zuge- Herrschaftsanspruchs waren. Sie sind zu unterschiedlichen Flächenalb wie der Schmiech oder der großen Lauter waren hörige Mühle, Wirtschaftshof oder Weiler! So entstanden Zeiten von verschiedenen Adeligen errichtet worden. wie geschaffen für den Bau weithin sichtbarer Herrensitze, manche Dörfer, aber auch Klöster erst durch den Einfluss der Symbole neu gewonnenen adeligen Selbstbewusstseins. adeligen Burgherren. Weiter wurden Zugangswege mit Be- Rätselhafte Befestigungen wie diejenige auf dem Runden dacht geschaffen – all dies veränderte die Landschaft und lässt Berg bei Bad Urach reichen ins Frühmittelalter zurück; im Gut verständlich, dass der große (Stein-)Reichtum der Alb sich an etlichen Stellen im Biosphärengebiet noch erkunden. 11. Jh. begann der hohe Adel dann, sich nach neu errichte- zum Burgenbau genutzt wurde: Tuffsteinburgen wie der Reu- Schließlich finden sich besonders im Albvorland Spuren von ten Burgen auf repräsentativen, hohen Bergen zu benennen, ßenstein zeigen ebenso wie die aus dem anstehenden Weiß- Eisenabbau. -
Growth Mechanisms of Speleothems in Castleguard Cave, Columbia Icefields, Alberta, Canada
Arctic and Alpine Research ISSN: 0004-0851 (Print) 2325-5153 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uaar19 Growth Mechanisms of Speleothems in Castleguard Cave, Columbia Icefields, Alberta, Canada T. C. Atkinson To cite this article: T. C. Atkinson (1983) Growth Mechanisms of Speleothems in Castleguard Cave, Columbia Icefields, Alberta, Canada, Arctic and Alpine Research, 15:4, 523-536 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00040851.1983.12004379 Copyright 1983 Regents of the University of Colorado Published online: 01 Jun 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 64 View related articles Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=uaar20 Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 15, No.4, 1983, pp. 523-536 GROWTH MECHANISMS OF SPELEOTHEMS IN CASTLEGUARD CAVE, COLUMBIA ICEFIELDS, ALBERTA, CANADA* T. C. ATKINSON School ofEnvironmental Sciences, University ofEast Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England, U.K. ABSTRACT In spite of its location beneath high alpine terrain and active glaciers, Castleguard Cave contains many actively growing calcite'speleothems. Four hypotheses as to their growth mechanism were tested against field data on water chemistry, temperatures, CO 2 content of cave air, and evaporation rates. The hypotheses were (1) that a biogenic source of high PC02 is unlikely, so calcite deposition by CO 2 degassing would require a nonbiogenic source; (2) warming of water after entering the cave, or in passage through the rocks above it might cause calcite supersaturation; (3) calcite might be deposited because of evaporation of seep age; and (4) waters dissolving several Ca-bearing minerals might precipitate calcite as the least soluble by the common-ion effect. -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Abenteuer Geopark UNESCO Global Geopark - Geheimnissen Von Jahrmillionen Auf Der Spur
Abenteuer Geopark UNESCO Global Geopark - Geheimnissen von Jahrmillionen auf der Spur www.geopark-alb.de 2 | 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Eichfelsen im oberen Donautal Natur braucht Raum Schwäbische Alb – Geheimnisvolles Naturparadies S. 4 - 5 Geopark Schwäbische Alb – Natürlich ausgezeichnet! S. 6 - 7 Geopark Schwäbische Alb – Erdgeschichte live erleben S. 8 - 9 Schwäbische Alb - Geologie auf einen Blick S. 10 Keuper – Vom Meer zum Festland und zurück S. 11 Schwarzer Jura – Sonne, Meer und Saurier S. 12 - 13 Brauner Jura – Tönerne Füße der Alb S. 14 - 15 Weißer Jura – Meeresstrände und Wacholderheiden S. 16 - 17 Tertiär – Vulkane brechen aus, Meteoriten schlagen ein S. 18 - 19 Die Zukunft im Blick – mit nachhaltigen Konzepten beim Abbau von Rohstoffen Quartär – Von Eiszeitjägern und frühen Künstlern S. 20 - 21 und einem verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit der Natur. Unsere Steinbrüche Verkarstung – Wo Steine und Wasser verschwinden S. 22 - 23 schaffen Raum für bedrohte Tiere und Pflanzen. Geopark erleben S. 24 - 35 Impressum S. 36 HeidelbergCement AG Zementwerk Schelklingen Zementwerk 1/1 89601 Schelklingen Tel.: 07394 - 241-0 UNESCO Global Geopark Schwäbische Alb Tel: +49( 0)7394 24870 Der Druck der Broschüre wurde gefördert Marktstraße 17 [email protected] durch das Ministerium für Ländlichen Raum 89601 Schelklingen www.geopark-alb.de und Verbraucherschutz Baden-Württemberg. www.heidelbergcement.de 4 | 5 Schwäbische Alb - Geheimnisvolles Naturparadies Schwäbische Alb Ihre Vielfalt lässt keine Wünsche offen. Wer die Das Naturparadies Schwäbische Alb ist das Ergebnis Den Zeugnissen der vergangenen Jahrmillionen spannende Geschichte der Schwäbischen Alb und einer bewegten erdgeschichtlichen Vergangenheit. begegnet man auf der Schwäbischen Alb auf Schritt deren früherer Bewohner lüften möchte, ist hier Die Geschichte beginnt vor rund 200 Mio.