ACTIVITY 7 – MARKING GUIDELINE:

1. A – Cuesta

B – Homoclinal ridge

C – Hogsback

2. Sedimentary

3.

Inclined rocks with different resistance to erosion.

Soft rock erodes away more quickly than hard rock.

4.

The dip slope is 10–25° to the horizontal.

Folding can result in cuesta basins and cuesta domes.

5.

Farming can take place on dip slopes.

Roads and railways can be built parallel to these landscapes.

Gaps or poorts between homoclinal ridges can be good sites to build dams.

Cuesta basins yield artesian water.

Cuesta domes may contain oil and natural gas (fracking).

Fertile valleys and plains between cuestas are suitable for human settlements.

These ridges are used for forestry, tourism, recreation and nature conservation.

These ridges can be used for defence purposes. (Accept any relevant answer)

ACTIVITY 8 – MARKING GUIDELINE:

1.

 It occurs when strata are subjected to stress (compression, tension, volcanic intrusion, or tectonic movement) and they become tilted relative to their original (horizontal) position.

 Faulting or folding causes the strata to be tilted.

 The beds may be inclined in any direction with the angle of the dip slope between 0º to 90º.

2. Cuesta dome

3. The scarp slope faces inward, and dip slopes faces outward.

4.

HOMOCLINICAL RIDGE: HOGSBACK:

5.

HOMOCLINICAL RIDGE: HOGSBACK:

• The angle of the dip slope lies 25º – 45º; • The angle of the dip slope is more than 45º;

• Rivers cut poorts through the ridges; • There is very little difference in the gradient of the scarp and dip slopes

ACTIVITY 9 – MARKING GUIDELINE:

1. A ridge that develop in tilted sedimentary rock characterised by a gentle slope and a steep slope

2. A form when the rock strata in the centre are pushed upward

B forms when the rock strata in the centre are pushed downward

3. Dip slope is gentle

Scarp slope is steep

4.

• Farming takes place in the cuesta valleys situated between the ridges, as the flat surface is covered in fertile soil.

• Where cuesta basins form, artesian wells, which are sources of groundwater, are found.

• These basins can also form oil traps

• These ridges are of strategic importance, as they can protect settlements on the cuesta valley floors during times of war.

• The ridges form excellent lookout points.

Many outdoor activities are concentrated in these landscaping e.g. hang gliding and hot air ballooning