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Native Plants of Northwestern Ontario

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NATIVE PLANTS OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO March 2021 It is important to plant a variety of native plants, blooming from springtime to fall to provide food and habitat to pollinators and wildlife throughout the entire season. Below are native plants suitable to Northwestern Ontario, organized by bloom time, light requirements, and moisture requirements to help you plan a garden well-suited to your backyard. WHY CHOOSE NATIVE PLANTS? Leaf Create habitat for butterflies, insects, birds and mammals Leaf Native plants compete with and crowd out invasive species Leaf They are low-maintenance, hardier and more adaptable as they have lived in this climate for hundreds of years Leaf Leaf Most species are perennials or biennials, meaning less work for you each spring WILDFLOWERS SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate American cornmint Attracts a wide variety of native Summer 10- 30 cm (Mentha canadensis) bees. Anise hyssop Summer 30 - 90 cm Attracts bees, birds, and butterflies. (Agastache foeniculum) Black-eyed susan An easy-to-grow self-seeding Summer 30 - 90 cm (Rudbeckia hirta) biennial. Blue flag iris Nectar for hummingbirds and deer Spring 30 - 80 cm (Iris versicolour) resistant. SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate Blue vervain Deer resistant, fast growing, long Summer 10 - 30 cm (Verbena hastata) blooming. A member of the Iris family; birds Blue-eyed grass Spring 10 - 30 cm (Sisyrinchium montanum) love the seeds! Common boneset A good addition to pollinator and Summer 120 - 180 cm (Eupatorium perfoliatum) rain gardens. Common yarrow Popular with pollinators and care- Summer 30 - 90 cm (Achillea millefolium) free. Evening primrose Lemon scented, yellow flowers. Summer 30 - 90 cm (Oenothera parviflora) Attracts moths. False solomon’s seal Spring 50 - 90 cm Birds and insects love the berries. (Maianthemum racemosa) Fireweed Late 1 - 1.5 m Bumblebees love it. Spreads readily. (Chamerion angustifolium) Summer Bog goldenrod Fall 60 - 150 cm Water-loving, late summer bloomer. (Solidago uliginosa) Canada goldenrod An important source of late season Fall 60 - 150 cm (Solidago canadensis) nectar for bees. Early goldenrod An early blooming goldenrod that Summer 50 - 120 cm (Solidago juncea) attracts butterflies. Field goldenrod Does well in dry, even poor, rocky Fall 30 - 60 cm (Solidago nemoralis) soil. Hairy goldenrod Fall 50 - 90 cm Prefers sandy or rocky soils. (Solidago hispida) White flat-topped goldenrod Late Attracts butterflies and provides late 30 - 50 cm (Solidago ptarmicoides) Summer season nectar. Harebell Delicate and abundant flowers loved Summer 20 - 50 cm (Campanula rotundifolia) by bees. Spotted Joe-Pye weed Late Large bloom and easy to grow. Deer 1 - 2 m (Eutrochium maculatum) Summer resistant. Kalm’s lobelia Summer 0.5 - 1 m Easy to grow, moisture-loving plant. (Lobelia kalmii) Nodding beggartick Daisy-like flower; foliage is an Summer 30 - 60 cm (Bidens cernua) attractive ground-cover. Large-leaved aster Large, heart-shaped leaves provide Fall 30 cm (Eurybia macrophylla) ground cover. Marsh marigold Attracts butterflies and humming- Spring 20 - 60 cm (Caltha palustris) birds. Common milkweed Monarchs lay their eggs exclusively Summer 90 - 120 cm (Asclepias syriaca) on milkweed. Swamp milkweed Monarch lay their eggs exclusively on Summer 90 - 120 cm (Asclepias incarnata) milkweed. New England aster Important fall food source for Fall 75 - 120 cm (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) pollinators. Northern bedstraw Forms dense patches and is a good Spring 30 - 90 cm (Galium boreale) ground cover. Northern bog violet Re-seeds easy and is a great ground Spring 10 -20 cm (Viola nephrophylla) cover for shady spots. SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate Red columbine Spring 30 - 80 cm Loved by hummingbirds. (Aquilegia canadensis) Smooth blue aster Brilliant blue-violet flowers for a pop Fall 60 - 90 cm (Symphyotrichum laeve) of colour late summer. Easy-to-grow groundcover. Attracts Spotted jewelweed Summer 0.5 - 1.5 m bumblebees, butterflies and hum- (Impatiens capensis) mingbirds. Stiff sunflower A sunflower native to Northwestern Summer 60 - 180 cm (Helianthus pauciflorus) Ontario. Sweet-scented bedstraw A perfect trailing ground cover and Spring 15 cm (Galium trifolium) good caterpillar food source. Tall meadow rue Early 1 - 1.5 m Bees and beetles love this plant. (Thalictrum dasycarpum) Summer Tall thimbleweed Prefers soils with plenty of organic Late Spring 60 - 90 cm (Anemone virginiana) matter. White turtlehead Pair with other moisture loving Summer 60 - 120 cm (Chelone glabra) species like Swamp Milkweed. Wild ginger Offers a dense ground cover when Spring 10 - 20 cm (Asarum canadense) allowed to spread. Wild strawberry Great groundcover for sunny gar- Late Spring 10 - 20 cm (Fragaria virginiana) dens. Spreads readily. Wood lily Beautiful, fragrant flowers, loved by Summer 30 - 90 cm (Lilium philadelphicum) hummingbirds. GRASSES SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate Bebb’s sedge A durable perennial in wet condi- Summer 90 cm (Carex bebbii) tions. Plant in fall. Big bur-reed Summer 60 - 180 cm An emergent aquatic species. (Sparganium eurycarpum) Bottlebrush sedge Thrives in wet conditions; pond, pool, Summer 60 - 100 cm (Carex hystericina) and river edges. Valuable forage for birds and wild- Canadian bluejoint Summer Up to 2 m life. Excellent option for strengthen- (Calamagrostis canadensis) ing stream banks. Excellent for growing around ponds, Fox sedge Summer 90 cm streams or marshy areas. Spreads (Carex vulpinoidea) quickly. Foxtail barley Salt tolerant but does not compete Summer 50 cm (Hordeum jubatum) well with taller vegetation. Hairy woodrush Often used as groundcover of path- Late Spring 20 - 40 cm (Luzula acuminata) way edging. Heath woodrush Late Spring 20 - 40 cm Provides food and shelter for insects. (Luzula multiflora) SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate Lake sedge A host plant for many Lepidopteran Late Spring 50 - 100 cm (Carex lacustris) species (butterflies) Northern sweetgrass Provides habitat for small wildlife Summer 20 - 60 cm (Anthoxanthum hirtum) and insects. Path rush Can tolerate moderate foot traffic Spring 30 cm (Juncus tenuis) and is very adaptable. Small-flower woodrush Drooping, branched flower clusters Summer 30 - 90 cm (Luzula parviflora) attractive to birds. Switch grass A low maintenance grass and good Summer 120 cm (Panicum virgatum) source of food for birds. FERNS SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate Fragrant wood fern Often found on limestone, cliffs, and Spring 10 - 30 cm (Dryopteris fragrans) talus slopes. Intermediate wood fern Native to rocky woods, ravines, and Summer 40 - 100 cm (Dryopteris intermedia) edges of swamps. Lady fern Amend soil with organic material for Spring 30 - 90 cm (Athyrium filix-femina) best growth. Ostrich fern Ideal solution for filling damp, shady Spring 1 - 2 m (Matteuccia struthiopteris) spots in your garden. Sensitive fern Provides shelter and shade within Spring 30 - 90 cm (Onoclea sensibilis) your garden. LOW-GROWING SHRUBS SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate An excellent evergreen for ground Bearberry Spring 15 - 20 cm cover. Very hardy and drought (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) tolerant. Common juniper Small shrubs with erect, needled Spring 60 - 150 cm (Juniperus communis) branches. Creeping juniper Spreading ground cover, sending out Spring 15 - 25 cm (Juniperus horizontalis) low-lying branches. Ninebark Drought tolerant with white flowers. Summer Up to 2.5 m (Physocarpus opulifolius) Bright fall foliage. Northern bush honeysuckle Summer 30 - 100 cm Yellow/red/orange flowers. Spreads. (Diervilla lonicera) Northern redcurrant Red berries are enjoyed by many Summer 1 - 1.5 m (Ribes triste) animals. Low growing bush with fragrant Prickly wild rose Summer 1 m pink blooms. Tolerant to seasonal (Rosa palustris) flooding. SUNLIGHT REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS BLOOM FULL GROWN SPECIES NAME Full Partial Inter- NOTES Shade Wet Moist Dry TIME HEIGHT Sun Shade mediate Red baneberry Provides shade and habitat to the Summer 20 - 50 cm (Actaea rubra) understory. Smooth rose Rose hips provide important winter Summer 1 - 2 m (Rosa blanda) forage for birds. Snowberry Prefer sandy and rocky soils. Great Late Spring 1 m (Symphoricarpos alba) groundcover. Spreading dogbane Summer 30 - 90 cm Attracts butterflies. May spread. (Apocynum androsaemifolium) Sweet gale Low growing. Leaves have pleasant Summer 0.5 - 1.5 m (Myrica gale) odor when crushed. Thimbleberry Spring 1 - 2 m A good choice for a rain garden. (Rubus parviflorus) Virgin’s
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    Vinology Seasonal Desserts VEGAN CHOCOLATE & COCONUT “CHEESECAKE” mango passion fruit sorbet, macadamia nut brittle 10 BLOOD ORANGE CREME BRULEE macdamia nut meringue, grapefruit, cocoa nibs, tangerine micro greens 9 PINOT NOIR POACHED PEAR puff pastry, pistachio frangipane, pinot syrup, basil, buttermilk ice cream 11 PB & J chocolate cake, molten peanut butter, malted milk anglaise, concord grape ice cream 10 “KEY LIME” FLOAT buttermilk ice cream, ginger ale 6 PINEAU DES CHARANTES, PORT, HARDY’S CHATEAU D’ORIGNAC ‘WHISKERS BLAKE’ TAWNY subtle hints of ripe apricot, honey, raisins, aged for 8 years this smooth, nutty port produced in Australia white flowers and orange peel 9 is made primarily from Grenache and Shiraz 6 EVOLUCIO, LATE HARVEST TOKAJ PORT, NOVAL RUBY botrytis infected furmint from Hungary, notes of peaches, deep-colored, lively, peppery wine that is well balanced with apricots and white flowers, elegant with nice acidity 7 intense fresh fruit and good length 7 RED RASPBERRY WINE, BERGDORF’S PORT, QUINTA DE LA ROSA produced just outside of Michigan’s capital LATE BOTTLE VINTAGE 2011 features stewed fruit, tart raspberry jam and a clean finish 7 refined with dark plum, dried blackberry, mineral and tar, with hints of dried mint, cedar and chocolate notes 9 SAUTERNES, 2010 LA FLEUR D’OR golden yellow, with the scent of dried apricots and figs, honey PORT, TAYLOR FLADGATE and vanilla, a nicely ballanced full body with a long finish 12 LATE BOTTLED VINTAGE 2010 beautifully perfumed with lots of peppery notes, heaps of black woodland fruit, dark cherry, plumb, redcurrant, hint of black RIESLING, FROST BITTEN licorice 9 made from post-harvest frozen grapes in Yakima Valley, WA ripe pineapple, summer peach and rich floral notes 7 PORT, FONSECA 20 YEAR TAWNY amber color with ripe, plummy, mature fruit, cinnamon, butterscotch, subtle oak and a velvety texture 12.