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Octavian Goga – Otrăvit Din Ordinul Lui Carol Al Ii-Lea

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Octavian Goga – Otrăvit Din Ordinul Lui Carol Al Ii-Lea memoria arhivelor Dan Brudaºcu* OCTAVIAN GOGA – OTRÃVIT DIN ORDINUL LUI CAROL AL II-LEA Recent s-a aniversat, între altele, naºterea uneia dintre marile pentru continuarea activitãþii Operei ºi Teatrului Maghiar din personalitãþi ale vieþii culturale ºi politice româneºti interbelice Cluj, a altor instituþii cultural-artistice de pe cuprinsul Transilva- cu un destin aparte – Octavian Goga. Dupã cum s-a mai obser- niei, devenitã parte a României întregite, la aniversarea sau vat, Octavian Goga a fost nu doar poetul capabil sã scoatã comemorarea unor personalitãþi progresiste maghiare a cãror poezia ºi publicistica vremii din impas, ci ºi luptãtorul ferm ºi operã o tradusese, parþial, încã în primii ani ai secolului al demn care va rãsturna multe din convenþiile sociale ºi idolii XX-lea. De asemenea, a iniþiat ºi semnat Pactul de la Ciucea, anacronici, chiar dacã, pentru acest þel, a îndurat închisoarea document politic realist, extrem de important pentru eliminarea ºi ºi-a riscat permanent viaþa ºi libertatea. Privitã retrospectiv, tensiunilor în relaþia clasei politice româneºti cu elita politicie- activitatea sa mai conþine încã foarte multe aspecte prea puþin, nilor maghiari ºi asigurarea participãrii acesteia, într-un climat incomplet sau incorect cunoscute publicului contemporan. firesc, legal, la viaþa social-economicã ºi politicã a României Datoritã unei critici tendenþioase ºi, cu mici excepþii, slugarnic Mari. aservitã obtuzitãþii ideologiei marxiste sau altor ideologii ºi Un alt element, mai puþin cunoscut, este legat de lupta sa dogme, el mai este încã perceput exclusiv ca un politician hotãrâtã pentru încetarea activitãþii Consiliului Dirigent al extremist, naþionalist, de dreapta. Nu ne-am propus a de- Transilvaniei, ca premisã a asigurãrii exercitãrii prerogativelor monstra aici inconsistenþa unor atari „etichete“, dar considerãm autoritãþilor de la Bucureºti asupra întregului teritoriu reîntregit de datoria specialiºtilor, a istoricilor în primul rând, sã elucideze al þãrii, precum ºi pentru eliminarea partidelor regionale, fapt acest caz spre a-l reda pe Octavian Goga posteritãþii aºa cum a considerat, pe bunã dreptate, o frânã în calea unitãþii politice a fost – un om de aleasã culturã ºi un patriot de excepþie. statului naþional român. Dupã anul 1918 Octavian Goga s-a lansat în viaþa politicã a Subliniind aceste aspecte pozitive, progresiste chiar, nu României reîntregite, ocupând efemere posturi ministeriale ºi vrem, desigur, sã trecem cu vederea nici erorile sau exagerãrile, de membru al Camerei Deputaþilor. Astfel, el a deþinut funcþia nu puþine, pe care le-a fãcut ca om politic. E de datoria specia- de ministru al Instrucþiunii ºi Cultelor (5-16 decembrie 1919, liºtilor, totuºi, cu dovezi ºi argumente corespunzãtoare, sã cla- în guvernul lui Al. Vaida-Voevod, respectiv 13 iunie 1920 - 13 rifice, sine ira et studio, ºi aceastã laturã importantã a persona- decembrie 1921, în guvernul condus de mareºalul Al. litãþii ºi activitãþii omului politic Octavian Goga, renunþându-se Averescu), pe cea de ministru de interne (30 martie 1926-4 definitiv la blamarea ºi etichetarea lui. Evident cã, analizatã în iunie 1927) în guvernul prezidat de mareºalul Al. Averescu, strânsã legãturã cu evoluþia propriu-zisã a activitãþii politice precum ºi înalta demnitate de prim ministru al României (28 româneºti din perioada 1918-1938, activitatea sa va fi mai decembrie 1937-10 februarie 1938).1 exact ºi nepãrtinitor înþeleasã, eliminând astfel optica socialist Dovedind o justã ºi profundã înþelegere a situaþiei creatã ºtiinþificã obtuzã ºi comodã, ideologizantã excesiv. dupã unirea de la 1 Decembrie 1918, Octavian Goga, ca demnitar Sesizând efectele negative ale regenþei prelungite, dupã de stat ºi om politic, va acþiona pentru soluþionarea realistã a decesul regelui Ferdinand I ºi comportamentul aberant, imoral problemei minoritãþii maghiare din Transilvania. El a contribuit, ºi iresponsabil, al prinþului moºtenitor, ca ºi absenþa oricãror astfel, între altele, la asigurarea condiþiilor materiale ºi financiare soluþii viabile, eficiente, de ieºire din starea de crizã profundã creatã (inclusiv corupþia, fauna politicã din jurul membrilor regenþei), el a susþinut, totuºi, la fel ca majoritatea politicienilor * Dan Brudaºcu (n. 27 martie 1951, Ciucea, Cluj). Facultatea de Filologie români ai vremii, ideea readucerii la cârma þãrii a aventurierului a UBB Cluj. Studii postuniversitare de comerþ exterior, de marketing ºi management internaþional. Specializare în Marea Britanie ºi Danemarca. principe moºtenitor Carol, chiar dacã acesta renunþase, pu- Profesor onorific al Universitãþii Districtului Columbia SUA, cadru di- blic, în câteva rânduri, la prerogativele ºi drepturile ce-i reveneau dactic la Universitatea „Avram Iancu“ din Cluj-Napoca. Expuneri ºi la succesiunea monarhicã din România. Dupã cum avea sã prelegeri la universitãþi din SUA, Iran, Coreea. Colaborãri la publicaþii noteze în jurnalul sãu din 1931, O. Goga a avut, în acest scop, ºtiinþifice ºi reviste literare din SUA, Australia, Canada, Israel, Marea câteva întâlniri directe, la Paris, cu principele Carol, insistând Britanie, Ungaria, Croaþia, Coreea de Sud, Republica Moldova. Peste pe renunþarea de cãtre acesta la amanta Elena Lupescu (Wolf) 2500 articole, 47 de volume publicate (traduceri, eseuri, istorie literarã, ca o condiþie a acceptãrii de cãtre clasa politicã româneascã a cursuri universitare, dicþionare, antologii, ediþii îngrijite). Diploma ºi revenirii sale în þarã ºi la tron. Dar Carol – „rege tranzacþionist medalia de Aur a Academiei Braziliei, Diplomã de Excelenþã ºi titlul de în chestiuni de moralã, timid ºi fãrã orizont în probleme de Profesor Onorific Adjunct al Universitãþii Districtului Columbia, SUA. Membru al Uniunii Ziariºtilor Profesioniºti din România, al Societãþii Stat“, cum îl va caracteriza, inspirat ºi realist, poetul în propriul 2 „Lucian Blaga“, al Societãþii Cultural Patriotice „Avram Iancu“. Preºe- sãu testament – va înºela toate aºteptãrile ºi îºi va încãlca, cu dintele Asociaþiei SEDCENT, Cluj-Napoca. 1 cf. Ioan Scurtu ºi colab., Enciclopedia de Istorie a României, Editura „Meronia“, Bucureºti, 2002, p. 131, 132 ºi 138 2 cf. I.D. Bãlan, Octavian Goga, Editura „Minerva“, 1971, p. 151 PRO PRO PRO PRO PRO SAECULUM 4/2006 1 memoria arhivelor o suspectã uºurinþã, angajamentul asumat. ºi asigura, chipurile, armonia necesarã guvernului pentru a-ºi Perioada domniei lui Carol al II-lea a fost, înaintea dictaturii îndeplini programul propus. Lui Carol al II-lea formarea unui comuniste ºi inspirându-o pe aceasta în multe privinþe, cea guvern sub preºedinþia lui Goga i s-a pãrut unica soluþie. În mai dezastruoasã pentru societatea româneascã (el a inventat, jurnalul sãu, în consemnarea <.216, p. 72> Marþi, 2 noiembrie între altele, Cântarea RomânieiRomâniei“ca ºi ciclu de manifestãri cul- –31 decembriedecembrie, regele va recunoaºte, totuºi cã: „Mi-a rãmas tural-politice menite a aduce osanale monarhului, politica de deci o singurã soluþie constituþionalã, aceea de a face apel formare a „omului nou“, asasinatul politic cu sânge rece, a Naþional Creºtinilor lui Goga ºi Cuza. Este desigur o soluþie încurajat subminarea fragilei democraþii interne, dezbinarea proastã, dar totuºi cea mai puþin. constantã a partidelor politice, manipularea guvernelor, ames- Sunt perfect conºtient cã o guvernare cu aceste elemente, tecul în treburile curente ale Parlamentului ºi Guvernului, sfi- destul de hotãrât antisemite, nu va putea fi una de lungã duratã darea Constituþiei ºi încãlcarea legilor þãrii etc). Ambiþiile politice, ºi cã dupã aceea voi fi liber sã pot lua mãsuri mai forte, mãsuri personale îl vor situa pe monarh într-o permanentã opoziþie cu cari sã descãtuºeze atât Þara cât ºi pe mine, de tirania, adesea clasa ºi partidele politice din România. Dupã revenirea sa în atât de nepatrioticã, a meschinelor interese de partid“8. þarã ºi urcarea pe tron, Carol al II-lea îºi va fixa ca obiectiv În acelaºi jurnal, cu cinismul ce-l caracteriza, regele recu- esenþial distrugerea regimului politic democratic, subordonarea noaºte cã, astfel, el evita venirea la putere a þãrãniºtilor, dar ºi partidelor politice, crearea unui aºa zis guvern de uniune îndepãrtarea adepþilor Gãrzii de Fier, surprinzãtoarea ocupantã naþionalã (în realitate, un guvern total aservit camarilei regale a locului al III-lea în opþiunile electoratului român. ºi intereselor spoliatoare ale acesteia), iar în final, crearea par- Potrivit istoricului Florea Nedelcu9, care, la rândul sãu, îl tidului unic, desfiinþarea Parlamentului, impunerea unei noi cita pe A. Hillgruber, „Într-o comunicare fãcutã în anul 1952..., Constituþii. Acest comportament bizar, nedemn pentru un ºef Fabricius a arãtat cã atât el cât ºi ministrul Italiei la Bucureºti, de stat, nu a rãmas fãrã urmãri, atât pe plan intern, cât ºi ex- Sola, erau convinºi cã regele Carol formase guvernul Goga tern, conducând nu doar la izolarea diplomaticã, treptatã, a pentru a dovedi cã aceastã formulã nu este viabilã ºi pentru a României, slãbirea legãturilor tradiþionale ale þãrii cu Franþa ºi evidenþia absurditatea politicii promovatã de Alfred Rosenberg, Anglia, aruncarea ei în sfera intereselor expansionist-agresive care-ºi pusese principala speranþã în P.N.C., pentru a cãrui ale Reichului german, ci ºi, în final, la pierderea a importante formare ºi încurajare cheltuise sume importante“. teritorii în favoarea revizioniºtilor ruºi, bulgari ºi maghiari. Dupã cum s-a observat, „gestul regelui a produs un puternic În atenþia machiavelicului
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