République Démocratique Du Congo 2011
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First Carter Center Pre-Election Statement on Preparations in the Democratic Republic of Congo Oct. 17, 2011 the Carter Center
First Carter Center Pre-Election Statement on Preparations in the Democratic Republic of Congo Oct. 17, 2011 The Carter Center has been closely monitoring the implementation of the electoral calendar that was released by the Independent National Election Commission (CENI) in April of 2011. Voter registration that was scheduled to begin February 28 was postponed until June, which meant that the work of reviewing and validating the voter registry of 32,024,640 could not be concluded before the publication of the annex to the electoral law, determining the number of parliament member seats per district. The delayed publication of the provisional voter register threatens to undermine the public’s ability to confirm or challenge their details and lingering opposition party concerns about the quality of the register could be used to call into question the overall credibility of the voter roll. CENI must take rapid and convincing steps to ensure the transparency and credibility of the voter register to meet the state’s obligation to ensure that all eligible voters are afforded the right to do so. CENI and its partners, notably the United Nations Mission in Congo (MONUSCO) which provides air support for distribution of election materials among other assistance, are under serious time pressure to ensure the timely distribution of all necessary materials for a November 28, 2011 presidential and legislative election. The very high number of legislative candidates 18,386 creates a complex challenge for ballot paper design, printing, distribution and accommodation of the resulting large ballots by the ballot boxes. Moreover, ballot box production and delivery is still underway. -
Of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO
Assessing the of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO REPORT 3/2019 Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2019 ISBN: 978-82-7002-346-2 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the author. Tey should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. Te text may not be re-published in part or in full without the permission of NUPI and the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: effectivepeaceops.net | www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 99 40 50 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 Assessing the Efectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC (MONUC-MONUSCO) Lead Author Dr Alexandra Novosseloff, International Peace Institute (IPI), New York and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo Co-authors Dr Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Igarapé Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof. Tomas Mandrup, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen Aaron Pangburn, Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York Data Contributors Ryan Rappa and Paul von Chamier, Center on International Cooperation (CIC), New York University, New York EPON Series Editor Dr Cedric de Coning, NUPI External Reference Group Dr Tatiana Carayannis, SSRC, New York Lisa Sharland, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra Dr Charles Hunt, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Australia Adam Day, Centre for Policy Research, UN University, New York Cover photo: UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti UN Photo/ Abel Kavanagh Contents Acknowledgements 5 Acronyms 7 Executive Summary 13 Te effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC across eight critical dimensions 14 Strategic and Operational Impact of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Constraints and Challenges of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Current Dilemmas 19 Introduction 21 Section 1. -
La Ville De Kinshasa
« Kin la belle… – et Kin la poubelle» La ville de Kinshasa Suite à la dégradation économique et plu- En 1881, Henry sieurs vagues de pilla- Morton Stanley ges, les anciens quar- fonde le poste tiers de l’élite (la Léopoldville, Gombe, Ma Campa- nommé après gne à Ngaliema et par le Roi des quelques parties de Belges, colonisa- Limete) sont aujourd’hui d’un charme plutôt morbide. teur du Congo. L’endroit est spacieux et facile à défen- La réhabilitation des routes demeure un défi majeur. dre, ils existent plusieurs villages autochtones sur le Le personnel de la mission EUPOL RD Congo à Kinshasa, Dans les cités, des tornades de pluie font écouler des site. Léopoldville devient centre administratif du octobre 2008. maisons pendant chaque saison de pluie. Congo-Belge en 1929 (avant, c’était la ville de Boma « Kinshasa – the beauty and the beast »: Due to the de- sur la côte atlantique). La capitale devient Kinshasa en gradation of the economic situation and several lootings, 1966. / I n 1881, Henry Morton Stanley founds Leopold- EUPOL RDC et EUSEC RDC, ville, a settlement named after the Belgian King, owner the ancient elite’s quarters of Gombe, Ma Campagne in les deux missions PESD Ngaliema and some parts of Limete show nowadays a of the colony. The site is vast and easy to defend; there rather morbid charme. Rehabilitating Kinshasa’s roads en République Démocratique du Congo, are already several villages of natives in the area. Leo- rests a major challenge for the city’s development. In the vous souhaitent un bon séjour poldville is named administrative center of the Belgian- popular quarters, violent rain downpours bring down à Kinshasa. -
The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor around Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy Abstract This paper analyses the role of the ethnic factor in political choices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and its impact on democratisa- tion and the implementation of the practice of good governance. This is done by focusing especially on the presidential and legislative elections of 1960 and 2006. The Congolese electorate is known for its ambiguous and paradoxical behaviour. At all times, ethnicity seems to play a determining role in the * Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy is a research fellow at the Centre for Management of Peace, Defence and Security at the University of Kinshasa, where he is a Ph.D. candidate in Conflict Resolution. The key areas of his research are good governance, human security and conflict prevention and resolution in the SADC and Great Lakes regions. He has written a number of articles and publications, including La transition démocratique au Zaïre (1995), L’insécurité à Kinshasa (2004), a joint work, The Many Faces of Human Security (2005), Parties and Political Transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2006), originally in French. He has been a researcher-consultant at the United Nations Information Centre in Kinshasa, the Centre for Defence Studies at the University of Zimbabwe, the Institute of Security Studies, Pretoria, the Electoral Institute of Southern Africa, the Southern African Institute of International Affairs and the Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria. The article was translated from French by Dr Marcellin Vidjennagni Zounmenou. 219 Hubert Kabungulu Ngoy-Kangoy choice of leaders and so the politicians, entrusted with leadership, keep on exploiting the same ethnicity for money. -
“We Will Crush You”
“We Will Crush You” The Restriction of Political Space in the Democratic Republic of Congo Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-405-2 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org November 2008 1-56432-405-2 “We Will Crush You” The Restriction of Political Space in the Democratic Republic of Congo Map of the Democratic Republic of Congo ................................................................ 1 I. Summary ............................................................................................................... 2 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 7 II. Recommendations ............................................................................................... 9 To the Congolese Government ............................................................................. 9 To the Congolese National Assembly and Senate .............................................. 10 To International Donors ..................................................................................... 10 To MONUC and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) 10 III. -
Bulletin D'information De L'assistance Electorale Internationale
U N I T E D N A T I O N S N A T I O N S U N I E S United Nations Organization Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Stabilization Mission in the Unies pour la stabilisation en Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUSCO République démocratique du Congo Division électorale BULLETIN D’INFORMATION DE L’ASSISTANCE ELECTORALE INTERNATIONALE NUMERO SPECIAL DU 27 SEPTEMBRE 2011 Activités de la CENI 8. Antipas MBUSA NYAMWISI (indépendant), Après les arrêts N° RCDC/PR/001 ; 9. François-Joseph MOBUTU NZANGA RCDC/PR/002 ; RCDC/PR/003 ; NGBANGAWE (Union des démocrates RCDC/PR/004 ; RCDC/PR/005 et Mobutistes), RCDC/PR/006 par lesquels la Cour Suprême de 10. Josué-Alex MUKENDI KAMAMA Justice a constaté, le 23 septembre 2011, (indépendant), l’irrecevabilité des recours formulés dans les 11. Etienne TSHISEKEDI WA délais aux termes de l’article 107 de la loi MULUMBA (Union pour la démocratie électorale introduits par les personnes et parti et le progrès social), suivants: Pour rappel, en 2006, les candidats étaient 1. Monsieur Kitenge Pungwe Ismael ; au nombre de 33, dont 4 femmes. Aucune 2. Monsieur Moka Jean-Paul ; femme n’est candidate en 2011. 3. Monsieur Lokongo Limbala Jean- Pierre ; 4. Révérend Vanga Kaniki Félix Bernard 5. Madame Léonard Lomami 6. Partis du Peuple pour le Progrès du Congo Conformément à son calendrier et aux prescrits de la loi électorale, la Commission électorale nationale indépendante (CENI) a, par la décision no 059/CENI/BUR/11, rendu publique la liste définitive des candidats à l’élection présidentielle du 28 novembre 2011. -
Mapping Conflict Motives: M23
Mapping Conflict Motives: M23 1 Front Cover image: M23 combatants marching into Goma wearing RDF uniforms Antwerp, November 2012 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 1. Background 5 2. The rebels with grievances hypothesis: unconvincing 9 3. The ethnic agenda: division within ranks 11 4. Control over minerals: Not a priority 14 5. Power motives: geopolitics and Rwandan involvement 16 Conclusion 18 3 Introduction Since 2004, IPIS has published various reports on the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Between 2007 and 2010 IPIS focussed predominantly on the motives of the most significant remaining armed groups in the DRC in the aftermath of the Congo wars of 1996 and 1998.1 Since 2010 many of these groups have demobilised and several have integrated into the Congolese army (FARDC) and the security situation in the DRC has been slowly stabilising. However, following the November 2011 elections, a chain of events led to the creation of a ‘new’ armed group that called itself “M23”. At first, after being cornered by the FARDC near the Rwandan border, it seemed that the movement would be short-lived. However, over the following two months M23 made a remarkable recovery, took Rutshuru and Goma, and started to show national ambitions. In light of these developments and the renewed risk of large-scale armed conflict in the DRC, the European Network for Central Africa (EURAC) assessed that an accurate understanding of M23’s motives among stakeholders will be crucial for dealing with the current escalation. IPIS volunteered to provide such analysis as a brief update to its ‘mapping conflict motives’ report series. -
Report of the UN Joint Human Rights Office on Serious Human Rights
REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS JOINT HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE ON SERIOUS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS COMMITTED BY MEMBERS OF THE CONGOLESE DEFENSE AND SECURITY FORCES IN KINSHASA IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO BETWEEN 26 NOVEMBER AND 25 DECEMBER 2011 MARS 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 4 II. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 6 III. METHODOLOGY AND CONSTRAINTS .......................................................................... 7 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................... 8 V. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ....................................................................................... 9 A. Violations of the right to life ......................................................................................................... 9 B. Violations of the right to physical integrity ................................................................................. 12 C. Violations of the right to liberty and security of person .............................................................. 13 VI. IDENTIFICATION OF ALLEGED PERPETRATORS .................................................... 14 VII. MEASURES TAKEN BY THE CONGOLESE AUTHORITIES, MONUSCO AND OTHER UNITED NATIONS ACTORS AND BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ................................................................................................................... -
Mapping the Availability of Bushmeat for Consumption in Central African Cities
Environmental Research Letters LETTER • OPEN ACCESS Mapping the availability of bushmeat for consumption in Central African cities To cite this article: John E Fa et al 2019 Environ. Res. Lett. 14 094002 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 202.137.225.92 on 18/03/2020 at 09:26 Environ. Res. Lett. 14 (2019) 094002 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab36fa LETTER Mapping the availability of bushmeat for consumption in Central OPEN ACCESS African cities RECEIVED 22 February 2019 John E Fa1,2,7 , Juliet H Wright3,7, Stephan M Funk4,5, Ana Luz Márquez6, Jesús Olivero6, REVISED Miguel Ángel Farfán6, Fanny Guio3, Luc Mayet3, Divin Malekani3, Charles Holo Louzolo3, 5 July 2019 Robert Mwinyihali3, David S Wilkie3 and Michelle Wieland3 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION 30 July 2019 1 Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, PUBLISHED Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom 2 20 August 2019 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan Cifor Rawajaha, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat 16115, Indonesia 3 Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, United States of America Original content from this 4 Nature Heritage, St. Lawrence, Jersey, Channel Islands, United Kingdom work may be used under 5 the terms of the Creative Centrode Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Commons Attribution 3.0 6 Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain licence. 7 Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. -
Report of a WHO Informal Consultation on Sustainable Control of Human African Trypanosomiasis
Report of a WHO Informal Consultation on sustainable control of human African trypanosomiasis 1—3 May 2007 Geneva, Switzerland WHO/CDS/NTD/IDM/2007.6 Report of a WHO Informal Consultation on sustainable control of human African trypanosomiasis 1—3 May 2007 Geneva, Switzerland © World Health Organization 2007 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Contents 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 -
Fruits Seasonality in Selected Markets at Mont-Ngafula District in Democratic Republic of the Congo: Biodiversity and Food Values
ISSN (Online): 2349 -1183; ISSN (Print): 2349 -9265 TROPICAL PLANT RESEARCH 5(3): 275–285, 2018 The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i3.035 Research article Fruits seasonality in selected markets at Mont-Ngafula district in Democratic Republic of the Congo: Biodiversity and food values Mike Mukendi Tshibangu, Gédéon Bongo Ngiala, Anthony Kikufi Batoba, Eric Bukaka Wakini Yeto, Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, Henry Mbale Kunzi and Félicien Lukoki Luyeye* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 15 October 2018] Abstract: Fruit seasonality remains so far one of the priorities of agricultural research and development in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, due to the lack of reliable statistics and a schedule, it seems unappreciated and underestimated. This situation limits the prospect of fruit resource promotion and justifies the initiation of the current study of which the objective was to assess the biodiversity and fruit food value available according to the season in Kinshasa. The survey was carried out between January and June 2016 in the Lukunga district, particularly in Mont-Ngafula township where 100 vendors of fruits in selected markets of this township were interviewed. In the current survey, about twenty fruits sold on these markets were recorded and these fruits belong to 22 families dominated by Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae families. It was observed that the greater varieties of fruits were available in February than in June. It was noted that papaya, banana, coconut and apples were present from January to June while mangosteens, fewer passion fruits, rambutan and pink apples were only present in January and February. -
Review of the National Program for Onchocerciasis Control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Review Review of the National Program for Onchocerciasis Control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Jean-Claude Makenga Bof 1,* , Fortunat Ntumba Tshitoka 2, Daniel Muteba 2, Paul Mansiangi 3 and Yves Coppieters 1 1 Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] 2 Ministry of Health: Program of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) for Preventive Chemotherapy (PC), Gombe, Kinshasa, DRC; [email protected] (F.N.T.); [email protected] (D.M.) 3 Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Lemba, Kinshasa, DRC; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-493-93-96-35 Received: 3 May 2019; Accepted: 30 May 2019; Published: 13 June 2019 Abstract: Here, we review all data available at the Ministry of Public Health in order to describe the history of the National Program for Onchocerciasis Control (NPOC) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Discovered in 1903, the disease is endemic in all provinces. Ivermectin was introduced in 1987 as clinical treatment, then as mass treatment in 1989. Created in 1996, the NPOC is based on community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). In 1999, rapid epidemiological mapping for onchocerciasis surveys were launched to determine the mass treatment areas called “CDTI Projects”. CDTI started in 2001 and certain projects were stopped in 2005 following the occurrence of serious adverse events. Surveys coupled with rapid assessment procedures for loiasis and onchocerciasis rapid epidemiological assessment were launched to identify the areas of treatment for onchocerciasis and loiasis.